Abstract: A method of reducing the deposition of wax from a crude oil containing wax which comprises adding thereto at least one N-substituted polyalkylene imine which has at least one organic substituent that is a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group of 12-24 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process is provided by the invention which comprises: (a) providing a tubular reactor having an inlet and an outlet, a furnace for heating the reactor, and a cooler having an inlet in communication with the reactor outlet and also having an outlet; (b) introducing a substantially constant flow of feed gas comprising steam to the reactor inlet while the reactor is heated by the furnace to produce a predetermined and substantially constant reactor outlet temperature; and (c) controlling, during at least a portion of (b), the concentration of an antifoulant in the feed gas based on cooler outlet temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for inhibiting corrosion in the overhead of a crude unit distillation tower by washing the crude oil with water containing a hydrophilic, polymeric, nitrogenous base, a di- or multivalent metallic base, or a combination of a multi-polyether-headed surfactant and a monovalent metallic base. In another embodiment, a hydrophobic, nitrogenous base is added directly to the crude oil then washed with water.

Abstract: Method for improving the yield of lighter components in heat-refining process of petroleum heavy oil, and additive used in the method. The heat-treatment in a heating unit is effected in the presence of at least one compound (I) having at least one mercapto alkylthio group: HS--C.sub.m H.sub.2m --S--, in which "m" is an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: An anti-aging additive composition and an operating method to control the quench oil viscosity in an ethylene production plant are described, capable of raising the yield of said plant through a control of the quench oil viscosity related to a significant increase in the operation temperature of the plant fractionating column, said composition comprising an effective quantity with respect to the aging of said oil of at least one component selected in the group constituted by alkylated phenols, alkylated biphenols, diphenols, alkylated diphenols, aromatic amines and nitroxides, precursors and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crude oils and products derived therefrom comprising, as asphaltene dispersant, ethercarboxylic acids of the formulaRO(CH.sub.2 CHR.sub.1 O).sub.x (CH.sub.2 CHR.sub.2 O).sub.y CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 Hwhere the substituents have the meaning defined in the description.

Abstract: For a given percentage decomposition, the decomposition temperature of an organosilicon compound is reduced by admixing with the organosilicon compound a decomposition promoting organotin compound. The amount of decomposition promoting organotin compound admixed with the organosilicon compound is sufficient to effectively lower the decomposition temperature of the organosilicon required for a given percentage decomposition.

Abstract: The present invention is an asphaltene dispersant containing an aromatic, a sulfonic acid head, and an alkyl tail containing 16 carbons or more and at least one branch of a methyl or longer alkyl. Preferably, the aromatic is a fused two ring aromatic and the tail is a two, branched alkyl tail of 30 carbons or longer.

Abstract: Methods for reducing the fouling of process equipment used in the manufacture of aromatic compounds such as dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate are disclosed. The methods require treating manufacturing process streams with a metal complexing agent. Novel compositions useful in the manufacture of aromatic materials such as dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate also are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting fouling of one or more pieces of equipment for processing crude epichlorohydrin by treating at least one epichlorohydrin stream entering or exiting the one or more pieces of equipment with hydroquinone as an antifoulant.

Abstract: Sulphur-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks are desulphurized prior to being subjected to steam cracking in the presence of one or more thiohydrocarbons wherein the sulphur is part of aromatic heterocycles, preferably thiophene and/or benzothiophene. Optimum results are obtained in terms of the combination of reduced coking rate and reduced carbon monoxide formation.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock, a substantial portion of which boils above 524.degree. C. is described which includes the steps of: (a) passing a slurry feed of a mixture of heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock and from about 0.01-4.0% by weight (based on fresh feedstock) of coke-inhibiting additive particles upwardly through a confined vertical hydrocracking zone, the hydrocracking zone being maintained at a temperature between about 350.degree. and 600.degree. C. a pressure of at least 3.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for mitigating fouling and reducing viscosity in primary fractionators and quench sections of ethylene plants by adding to a hydrocarbon stream a mono and/or a polyalkyl-substituted phenol-formaldehyde resin having a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 30,000 and at least one alkyl substituent containing from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms, which alkyl substituent may be linear or branched.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides sulfide scavenger solutions and processes that have high sulfide scavenging capacity, provide a reduction or elimination of solids formation and avoid the use of chemicals that pose environmental concerns. The invention utilizes a dialdehyde, preferably ethanedial, for the purpose of reacting with amines, amine carbonates, or other derivatives of amines that are liberated when certain scavenger solutions react with sulfides, including hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. The scavenger solutions that have been discovered to liberate amines are those formed by a reaction between an amine and an aldehyde.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reducing the concentration of amines in hydrocarbon fluids and process streams by generating therein a nitrosating agent. The nitrosating agent will react with the amines to form innocuous by-products under refinery process conditions.

Abstract: A flexible steam cracking process for hydrocarbon feeds comprises injection of particles with an average size of between 0.02 mm and 4 mm, at a circulation rate in indirect transfer line exchangers (4) of 20 to 180 m/s, and in a sufficient quantity to limit the increase in temperature at the outlet to the exchangers (4) to a value of less than 100.degree. C. per month, into at least one point upstream of an indirect transfer line exchanger (4), cracking zone (2) remaining in communication with downstream means (6) for the treatment of cooled effluents. At least 70% by weight of the quantity of injected particles is introduced between the outlet to the cracking zone (2) and the tubes of the indirect transfer line exchanger (4). Chemical decoking is carried out in the tubes of the cracking zone at time intervals of less than 4 months by establishing accelerated coke gasification conditions, for example by injecting compounds which catalyse gasification by steam, or by decoking in air and/or steam.

Abstract: Method for reducing deposition of cokes in heat-refining process of petroleum high-molecular hydrocarbons, characterized in that heat-treatment in a heating unit is effected in the presence of at least one compound (I) having at least one mercaprtoalkylthio group:HS--C.sub.m H.sub.2m --S--in which "m" is an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing coke deposition in a pyrolysis furnace which comprises treating the pyrolysis furnace with a combination of sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds having a total sulfur to phosphorus atomic ratio of at least 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of secondary alkanesulphonic acids as asphaltene dispersing agent in crude oils and products derived therefrom, wherein a chain length of 8 to 22 C atoms is present. The secondary alkanesulfonic acids are employed in an amount of from 1 to 10,000 ppm by volume. The alkanesulfonic acid is preferably formulated as a solution or microemulsion, and can further contain optional alkyl-formaldehyde resin, oxyalkylated amines, or wax-dispersing agents. The alkanesulfonic acids provide reduced precipitate amounts, slow the rate of precipitate formation, form a more finely divided precipitate and reduce the tendency of the precipitate to be deposited on surfaces.

Abstract: The rate of coke formation during the aromatization of gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons in which the hydrocarbons are contacted with a zeolite catalyst is significantly reduced by providing a concentration of a silyating agent in the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: A heat exchange surface in reactors and/or heat exchangers of installations for the conversion of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds at high temperatures in the gaseous phase. According to the invention, the metallic surfaces coming into contact with the organic substances are treated at a temperature of 300 to 1000.degree. C. over a period of 0.5 to 12 hours with a mixture of a silicon- and sulfur-containing product and a dry gas flow which is inert with respect to the silicon- and sulfur-containing product. The invention is further directed to a process for producing a catalytically inactivated metallic surface in chemical reactors and/or heat exchangers.

Abstract: The polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene is inhibited by the addition of a composition of a stable hindered nitroxyl radical and an oxime compound.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the formation and/or agglomeration of clathrate hydrates in a petroleum fluid stream containing water is disclosed. The disclosed method uses predetermined inhibitors having a guest group, a polymer backbone, and an anchor group positioned between the guest group and the polymer backbone. The inhibitor predetermination method comprises selection of the polymer backbone, anchor group and guest group using several types of criteria. The polymer backbone should produce a substantially water soluble polymer in combination with the anchor group and the guest group. The anchor group should be a hydrophilic moiety with between one and four hydrogen bonding atoms. The guest group should be either a hydrophobic or amphiphilic moiety with a carbon atom to heteroatom ratio greater than or equal to about two to one and an average van der Waals diameter between about 3.8 angstroms and about 8.6 angstroms.

Abstract: The polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as isoprene, butadiene and acrylonitrile is inhibited during storage or handling thereof by the addition of a dihydroxycinnamic acid or derivative thereof.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring in spent caustic wash systems used for ethylene dichloride (EDC) manufacturing processes. Fouling occurs in these systems when they are in contact with EDC processing streams contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds, such as aldehydes. These deposits are formed in EDC processing streams contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds while in contact with a caustic solution having a pH>7. The invention comprises adding an effective deposit-inhibiting amount of a non-enolizable carbonyl compound to the caustic solution. Preferred non-enolizable carbonyl compounds are formaldehyde, glyoxal, benzaldehyde, p-anisaldehyde, formic acid, glyoxalic acid and paraformaldehyde.

Abstract: Applicants have developed a process for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic compound during the distillation of the vinyl aromatic compounds. The process involves adding to the vinyl aromatic compound, e.g., styrene, a nitroso compound such as N-nitroso-N, N'-di-3-pentyl-p-phenylenediamine.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of preventing fouling and coke formation on the high temperature sections of hydrocarbon processing equipment which comes into contact with a hydrocarbon fluid. The method comprises adding to a carrier prior to the carrier coming into contact with the high temperature sections of such equipment, an effective amount of an antifoulant in its vapor phase selected from the group consisting of tri-tertiary-butylphenol phosphate esters and compounds having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein Q is Z, or R with the proviso that two occurrences of Q are Z, R is hydrogen, or a straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and only one or two occurrences of R may be alkyl. Z is represented by the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same as R and only one or two occurrences of each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be alkyl, and "n" is a whole number of from 1 to 9, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reforming hydrocarbons comprising contacting the hydrocarbons with a catalyst in a reactor system of improved resistance to carburization and metal dusting under conditions of low sulfur.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for controlling the relative proportion of products produced from a petroleum residuum by thermal coking. Coke yield promoting compounds are identified, and effective attenuating agents are specified. The method can mitigate a coke promoting effect induced by certain surfactants, antifoulants, or fugitive catalysts in thermal coking units. Mitigating the coke yield promoting effect of molybdenum, for example, in a thermal coker permits recovery of a greater proportion of distillate boiling range products.

Abstract: Fouling in a hydrocarbon process stream is reduced by adding to the stream a composition prepared by first reacting an olefinic compound containing at least one group of the formula ##STR1## and a carboxylic reactant having the formula ##STR2## then reacting the product formed thereby with about 0.5 equivalents to about 2 moles, per mole of the carboxylic reactant, of ammonia or a hydrazine or an amine having at least one H--N group.

Abstract: The invention relates to the protection of tubular reactors or heat exchangers against coke formation in plants for converting hydrocarbons and other organic compounds at high temperatures in the gaseous phase. The problem in such plants is that the usual steam/air cleaning processes for removing coke deposits lead to an increase in the catalytic activity of the material surfaces, which in turn shortens the service life of the plants. The object of the invention is to substantially reduce coking and to maintain the long-term passivity of steels for long operational periods.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by maintaining in the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a thiodialkanol. The thiodialkanol is useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: A steam cracking process and facility is described which comprises injection of erosive powder to effect at least partial decoking of transfer line exchangers without interrupting the steam cracking stream. The powder, preferably injected just upstream of the transfer line exchangers (TLE) (4), is separated from the cracked gases in primary gas/solid separators (5), temporarily stored in receiving drums at a controlled temperature and evacuated to a common powder storage and/or treatment module by pneumatic transfer by means of a relatively low flow of uncondensable gas. The process and facility can be used to collect solid fragments generated by injection of chemical compounds which are catalysts for the gasification of coke by steam.

Abstract: Formation of fouling deposits in a hydrocarbon process stream during processing at elevated temperatures is reduced by including in the hydrocarbon process stream an antifouling amount of a salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted linked hydroxyaromatic compound, where the linked compound comprises at least two aromatic moieties.

Abstract: A process is described for retarding or inhibiting the growth and/or aggregation of hydrates in production effluents comprising water and a gas under thermodynamic conditions in which hydrates can form, characterized in that a low concentration (0.05% to 5% by weight with respect to the water) of water-soluble copolymer containing hydrophobic groups is incorporated into the effluent.

Abstract: The rate of coke formation during the aromatization of gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons in which the hydrocarbons are contacted with a zeolite catalyst is significantly reduced by providing a concentration of a silylating agent in the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for inhibiting or retarding hydrate formation, growth and/or agglomeration in a fluid comprising water and gases, by addition of a hydrosoluble copolymer which does not contain a heterocycle but contains at least one sulphonate group.The copolymer is generally introduced at a concentration of 0.05% to 5% by weight with respect to the quantity of water in the medium.The copolymer can also be mixed with an alcohol (monoalcohol or polyol). In this case, the proportions are generally 0.5% to 20% by weight of alcohol with respect to the water content, for 0.05% to 3% by weight of copolymer with respect to the quantity of water content of the medium.

Abstract: Gums and inorganic corrosion byproducts occurring in distilled petroleum fractions may be dispersed and resulting fouling controlled by adding to the petroleum distillate an effective dispersing amount of a monosubtituted alkylphenol polyethylenepolyamine-formaldehyde resin, such resins having a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000, and an alkyl substituent containing from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms, which alkyl substituent may be a linear or branched.

Abstract: A method to inhibit coke formation on heat transfer surfaces used to heat or cool a petroleum feedstock at coke-forming conditions is disclosed. The heat transfer surfaces are treated with an effective amount of phosphonate to inhibit coke formation on the heat transfer surfaces. The phosphonate is essentially free from contributing to corrosion and from producing detrimental by-products.

Abstract: A thermal cracking process is provided which comprises contacting a thermal cracking furnace with a fluid stream which comprises steam and a polysulfide such as di-t-nonylpolysulfide under a condition sufficient to effect the suppression of the formation of carbon monoxide and thereafter introducing a steam fluid containing a saturated hydrocarbon such as ethane and a polysulfide such as di-t-nonylpolysulfide under a condition sufficient to convert the saturated hydrocarbon to an olefinic compound such as ethylene.

Abstract: The invention is a method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring on the surface of an alkaline scrubber used to remove acid gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and mercaptans, from hydrocarbon streams. These deposits are formed during the scrubbing of pyrolytically produced hydrocarbons contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds with a caustic solution having a pH>7 which comprises adding an effective deposit-inhibiting amount of a non-enolizable carbonyl compound to the caustic solution. The invention is also a method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring in spent caustic wash/stripper systems used for hydrocarbon manufacturing processes. Fouling occurs in these systems when they are in contact with hydrocarbon processing streams contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds, such as aldehydes.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock, a substantial portion of which boils above 524.degree. C. is described which includes the steps of: (a) passing a slurry feed of a mixture of heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock and from about 0.01-4.0% by weight (based on fresh feedstock) of coke-inhibiting additive particles upwardly through a confined vertical hydrocracking zone, the hydrocracking zone being maintained at a temperature between about 350.degree. and 600.degree. C. a pressure of at least 3.

Abstract: The polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as isoprene and butadiene is inhibited during storage or handling thereof by the addition of a dihydroxycinnamic acid or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Methods for controlling foam in hydrocarbon liquids within hydrocracking unit separator systems utilizing alkylphenolformaldehyde resin alkoxylates with a propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block copolymer having a molecular weight of from about 2000 to 6000 and having from about 20% to about 80% ethoxylation or an alkylarylsulfonic acid or alkylarylsulfonic acid amine salt to said hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatics such as styrene with a mixture of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine and carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, in the presence of air or oxygen. The weight ratio of said 3,5-Di-tert-butylhydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine, carboxylic acid (or carboxylic acid anhydride) and the air is 1:1 to 0.05:0.05 to 15, respectively.

Abstract: A method for controlling the formation of gas hydrate crystals in a fluid mixture by admixing with said fluid mixture a polyoxyalkylenediamine in an amount effective to prevent and/or inhibit crystal growth.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring on the surfaces of an alkaline scrubber used to wash acid gases generated during the manufacture of olefins, which deposits are formed during the scrubbing of pyrolytically produced hydrocarbons contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds with a caustic solution having a pH>7, which comprises adding an effective depositing-inhibiting amount of a caustic solution-soluble substituted aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of: 2-aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and salts thereof, 4-amino-o-cresol, 3-aminophenol, 2-aminobenzoic acid and salts thereof, 3-aminobenzoic acid and salts thereof, and 4-aminobenzoic acid and salts thereof to the caustic solution. A preferred substituted aromatic amine is the sodium salt of 4-amino- benzenesulfonic acid in aqueous solution.

Abstract: Absorption solvents for removing mercaptans from gas streams are disclosed. The absorption solvents comprise an alkylether of a polyalkylene glycol, e.g., methoxytriglycol, and a secondary monoalkanolamine, e.g., N-methylethanolamine, as well as optionally other amines, e.g., methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine. The absorption solvents do not require the presence of iodine for removal of mercaptans. Absorption processes utilizing the solvents are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a number of agents that are useful to inhibit aldol condensation in caustic scrubbers. Preferred agents include, but are not necessarily limited to benzoic hydrazide, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, salts of hypochlorous acid, nitroalkanes, monoethanolamine, peroxyesters, and N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines.

Abstract: The formation of amine or glycol degradation products in solutions used to remove acid gases or water from hydrocarbon or inert streams is reduced by adding to the solution an oxygen scavenger in which the effective component is an oxime of the formula: ##STR1## Mixed with a quinone promotor in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl groups of one to six carbon atoms. The addition of the quinone promotor increases the reactivity with oxygen at lower temperatures. The compound may also be as a corrosion inhibitor in gas treating or processing equipment.