Abstract: A process is provided for catalytic conversion of organic compounds in a conversion zone containing a synthetic, non-composited microporous membrane comprising a continuous array of crystalline molecular sieve material.

Abstract: Marine oils are deodorized by contact with an effective amount of crystalline siliceous molecular sieves having strongly organophilic properties and pore diameters of at least 5.5 Angstroms. The molecular sieves selectively adsorb odorous organic amines and other odor-producing molecular species, such as aldehydes and ketones, without alteration of the essential unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides.

Abstract: The amount of finely divided particulate solids added to a stream of fluid to form a mixture of the particulate solids and the fluid is determined by a method comprising (a) determining the temperature and quantity of fluid in a stream of fluid; (b) determining the temperature of the particulate solids; (c) determining the temperature of the mixture; and (d) calculating the amount of the particulate solids in the mixture. The method can also be used to control the amount of finely divided particulate solids added to the stream of a fluid. The fluid is at a different temperature than the finely divided solids.

Abstract: Zeolite catalysts having a low constraint index maximize conversion of hydrotreated shale oil primarily to the preferred 400-600.degree. F. boiling range distillate.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks such as distillate fuel oils and gas oils are dewaxed by isomerizing the waxy components over a zeolite beta catalyst. The process may be carried out in the presence or absence of added hydrogen. Preferred catalysts have a zeolite silica:alumina ratio over 100:1.

Abstract: Octane and overall product quality improvement in catalytic cracking processes utilizing an essentially entirely amorphous cracking catalyst can be attained by using instead a catalyst comprising a minor amount, e.g. from about 0.01 to about 25 weight percent, of a class of crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The crystalline zeolites may be added to the conventional amorphous cracking catalyst in the cracking process by way of adding a separate additive composition in an amount which provides the zeolite component of the additive composition in said minor amount of the total catalyst in the cracking process.

Abstract: Catalysts which produce cracked gasoline having high octane rating are produced by combining a thermally-stabilized/aluminum exchanged type Y zeolite with an inorganic oxide matrix.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes with crystalline silicates surrounded by an alumina containing isostructural shell are claimed.

Abstract: A shape-selective hydrocracking catalyst prepared by making a composite of a hydrogenation component and a natural ferrierite that has been treated with oxalic acid to impart thereto catalytic activity for converting slightly branched as well as straight chain hydrocarbons. The catalyst is useful for hydrodewaxing and for upgrading naphtha.

Abstract: A waxy fuel oil that contains a catalytically deleterious contaminant is treated with a crystalline zeolite under sorption conditions followed by catalytic dewaxing with a crystalline zeolite exemplified by ZSM-5 to produce dewaxed fuel oil and high octane gasoline.

Abstract: Catalytic hydrocracking of polynuclear aromatic containing feedstocks is conducted over catalysts comprising zeolites in intimate contact with a nickel-tungsten hydrogenation component. Said zeolites are characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12, a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and an alpha value of between about 25 and 200.

Abstract: A silica-containing material related to zeolites and referred to hereinafter as FU-1 has the composition 0.6 to 1.4 R.sub.2 O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.over 5 SiO.sub.2.O to 40 H.sub.2 O, (where R is a monovalent cation or 1/n of a cation of valency n) and is characterized inter alia by its X-ray diffraction pattern. It can be made by hydrothermal synthesis in presence of methylated quaternary onium compounds. It is useful as a catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, especially isomerization of xylenes.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst comprises an ultrastable Y-type crystalline zeolite, a small pore crystalline ZSM-type zeolite, an inorganic oxide matrix and, optionally, a porous inert component. The cracking catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for the production of high octane naphtha fractions from higher boiling point hydrocarbonaceous oils. Catalytic cracking processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: Conversion of hydrocarbons is conducted over low acidity zeolites such as the sodium form of zeolite ZSM-5 to yield products like those produced by hydrocracking but with substantially decreased proportion of light hydrocarbons having one to four carbon atoms. (Sulfiding of sodium zeolites activates such sodium zeolites for the present purpose.) The hydrocarbon conversion is conducted with mixed-phase charge (Trickle mode) under hydrogen pressure or with liquid-phase charge in a liquid-full reactor.

Abstract: A process for effecting an endothermic and an exothermic reaction, under conversion conditions, in a single reaction zone wherein ethane is endothermically converted to C.sub.3 + hydrocarbons, and wherein an unconverted portion of ethane is simultaneously exothermically hydrogenated to methane in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a uniform structure characterized by pores, the major dimension of which is less than 6 Angstroms and ZSM-5 type aluminosilicate zeolite, containing a minor amount of Zn in combination with a Group VIII noble metal or a Group IB metal, the exothermic reaction providing sufficient heat to maintain the reaction zone at a temperature capable of sustaining the endothermic reaction.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous production of high octane motor fuel and isobutane. The process is effected with a physical mixture of compatible reforming catalyst and hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: A perovskite is added to a conventional hydrocarbon cracking catalyst comprising a zeolite and an inorganic oxide gel matrix. The perovskite is present in said catalyst in an amount up to about 10 weight percent based on the total catalyst.

Abstract: Cyclohexene may be produced from phenylcyclohexane by treating the latter compound at an elevated temperature in the presence of certain solid acidic catalysts such as zeolite or silica-alumina to produce the desired compound.

Abstract: An improved processing technique is provided for conversion of olefins of 2 to 4 carbon atoms to product comprising high octane gasoline components. Embodiments of the present improved processing technique include conversion of light olefins to high octane olefinic gasoline components, and conversion of light olefins to high octane aromatic gasoline components.The improved technique comprises contacting an appropriate light olefin feedstock with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite characterized by a silica/alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index, hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12 in the presence of a relatively large amount of co-fed water. The amount of co-fed water is maintained at from about 0.5 to about 15 moles of water/mole of olefin feedstock.

Abstract: A C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon mixture which typically may consist essentially of xylenes and ethylbenzene, the latter being present in an amount of not more than 40 weight percent, is converted to a product containing an increased proportion of p-xylene by bringing it into contact with an acid leached hydrogen form mordenite having a silica to alumina mole ratio of 15-21 at a temperature in the range of 180.degree. to 250.degree. C. under a pressure of atmospheric to 200 Kg/cm.sup.2. Hydrogen may be present in the system in a mole ratio of hydrogen to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon mixture of 0-10. The reaction may be conducted in the vapor phase or in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method and system is described for effecting chemical reactions of aliphatic hetero compounds to gasoline boiling components with crystalline zeolites in the presence of a relatively inert particle material arranged to exercise distribution of exothermic heat and utilized in a catalyst system under conditions to minimize undesired deactivation of catalyst particles.

Abstract: Long on-stream periods of low pressure, vapor phase isomerization of xylenes is achieved in a system having tolerance of ethyl benzene in the charge by using a zeolite catalyst such as zeolite ZSM-5 at partial pressure of eight carbon atom aromatics below 100 pounds per square inch and temperature of 500.degree. F. to 800.degree. F.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion apparatus is dried as a preliminary step of a startup procedure by the circulation of a superheated vapor stream which is formed in one of two reboilers attached to a fractionation column used in the process. Preferably this vapor stream is formed on the tube side of the reboiler, with normal on-stream operation comprising the generation of the vapors fed to the column on the shell side of the reboiler.

Abstract: COS and other sulfur compounds such as H.sub.2 S or mercaptans are removed as impurities from liquid n-paraffin feedstocks by selective adsorption of the sulfur compounds using a dual bed of molecular sieves wherein the first bed contains the 13X variety sieves and the sequential bed contains a molecular sieve having an effective pore diameter of about 4 A.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting lower monohydric alcohols and their ethers, especially methanol and dimethyl ether, to a hydrocarbon mixture rich in C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 olefins and mononuclear aromatics with high selectivity for para-xylene production by contact, under conversion conditions, with a catalyst bed comprising a major proportion of particle-form inert solid diluent having intermixed therewith a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite characterized by (1) a crystallite size not greater than 0.5 micron, (2) a particle size less than 2 millimeters in its smallest cross-sectional dimension, (3) a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and (4) a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 monohydric alcohol, an ether derived from said alcohol or a mixture of such alcohol and ether to a hydrocarbon mixture rich in C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 olefins and mononuclear aromatics with high selectivity for para-xylene production by contact, under conversion conditions, with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a crystal size of at least about 1 micron, a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: n-Paraffins, particularly those having from 5 to 20 carbon atoms, are selectively dehydrogenated to n-olefins by a process employing a catalyst consisting essentially of a noble metal supported on a cation mordenite. Selectivity is achieved by the addition of an organic base, such as quinoline, as catalyst modifier to the n-paraffin stream.

Abstract: Process for the selective production of paraxylene by methylation of toluene at a temperature between about 500.degree.C. and about 750.degree.C. and preferably between about 575.degree.C. and about 700.degree.C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite said zeolite having a silica to alumina mole ratio of at last about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: Process for the selective production of para-xylene by methylation of toluene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, said zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12 which catalyst has undergone prior treatment with steam to reduce the alpha value thereof to less than about 500 and preferably within the range of less than about 20 but greater than zero.

Abstract: Process for the methylation of toluene under conditions such that the formation of meta-xylene is suppressed and the formation of ortho and para-xylene is enhanced carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, said zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, of from 1 to 12, said catalyst having been modified by the addition thereto of a Group VA element in an amount of at least 0.5 percent by weight.

Abstract: Catalyst of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, said zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12, the surface of which catalyst has been modified by contact with a polymer made up of meta-carborane units connected by siloxane units and process for the selective production of para-xylene by methylation of toluene in the presence of said catalyst.