Abstract: An efficient package sorting system in which a stationary matrix of multi-directional conveyor cells sorts packages to a plurality of destination locations. In a preferred embodiment, the matrix delivers sorted packages to a plurality of lift assemblies that further transfer the packages to receiving conveyors or chutes on different levels. According to another preferred aspect of the system, a selectively elevating stop bar is provided to control side transfer between conveyor cells. A controller is operative to plan a path for each of the objects from the input cell to a destination location, to monitor availability of successive conveyor cells along the path, and to cause an object to be moved to the next conveyor cell along its path only when the next conveyor cell is available. The system may include a plurality of sensors positioned to sense the passage of objects from one conveyor cell to another, the sensors being connected to the controller.

Abstract: A feed device for a unit for sorting elongate items, particularly vegetables such as carrots, includes a slanted conveyor (23) with a plurality of freely rotatable transverse rollers (24) driven by two endless chains. The conveyor includes three longitudinal sections, i.e. a lower section (23a) having a device (30) for rotating the rollers (24) in the same direction as the forward direction of the conveyor (23), an intermediate section (23b) where the rollers (24) are freely rotatable, and an upper section (23c) having an element (33) for rotating the rollers (24) in the opposite direction to the forward direction of the conveyor. A unit for sorting elongate items is also disclosed.

Abstract: A work transportation line includes a work handling apparatus which has an operation that is automatically changed in response to alteration of a work type, from one type to another, so as to be suitable for a work type to which a subject work is altered. An indication of a work type alteration is provided as a result of a comparison between specified attributes of a subject work, which are extracted from a two-valued image of the subject work, and predetermined reference attributes for various work types.

Abstract: A grain sorting method and a device is provided which serves to continuously and quickly detect the appearance quality of the grains. The grain sorting device includes a feeding mechanism and a scattering mechanism where the grains are separately scattered over the surface of a conveying belt. The conveying belt serves to transfer the grains to a photographing section where they are photographed and inspected by an electric coupling device. Various parameters of the grains are calculated and the inspected results are compared with data stored in a computer. The grains are then sorted into different classifications and respectively collected by a discharging device.

Abstract: An air decelerator for an inspection and sorting system employing pneumatic ejectors, comprising an air plenum adapted to generally cause a stream of air to flow in a direction opposing acceptable articles moving in a trajectory, and thereby decelerate the velocity of the articles to reduce the impact of the articles when they come into contact with the receiving surface to minimize damage to the articles caused by the impact.

Abstract: A method for sorting fragments of titanium-based sponge on the basis of color is disclosed. The method involves the steps of capturing at least one color image of each fragment, inserting relevant color values from the image into an automated color-sorting system to determine the color of the fragment, and segregating the fragments according to color or range-of-color, by way of a physical segregation apparatus controlled by the color sorting system. A related apparatus for sorting moving fragments of titanium-based sponge on the basis of color is also described.

Abstract: A catenary conveyor belt support is provided in a conveyor system for automated bulk processing equipment. The conveyor belt launches bulk articles along a trajectory from one end to a processing station. The upper surface of the conveyor belt at one end thereof is angled with respect to a horizontal plane and determines the launch angle of the trajectory along which the articles travel. The support holds constant the catenary shape of the belt and, thus, the launch angle of the trajectory regardless of the load thereon.

Abstract: The sorting system provides a high degree of sorting accuracy even in high throughput sorting applications such as high speed wood chip sorting. In one embodiment, a sorting apparatus (10) includes a shaker (12) for distributing stock material, a spectrographic analyzer (14) for identifying unacceptable material in a product stream, an ejector (16) for diverting unacceptable material from the product stream, a three-zone sorting receptacle (18) and a recirculating system (20) for returning a selected portion of the sorter output for an additional pass by the analyzer (14) and ejector (16). The three-zone sorting receptacle (18) divides the product stream into an accept portion, a rejection portion, and an ambiguous portion including both acceptable product and unacceptable material. The ambiguous portion is re-sorted for improved accuracy at high throughput levels.

Abstract: A device for detecting bone fragments in deboned poultry carried on a conveyor belt of flexible clear plastic material. Fluorescent lights are positioned under the conveyor. A second conveyor positioned above the first conveyor is made up of a linked series of rigid clear plastic slats which bear down on the deboned poultry passing over the light table in order to reduce the thickness to allow the light to show through and reveal bone fragments. A video camera positioned inside the conveyor and looking down on the flattened poultry parts is used to identify bone fragments. In another embodiment, the inspection may done by operators. In either embodiment filters, desirably rose colored, are used to enhance the visibility of the bone fragments. Computer image recognition may additionally be used to identify and reject parts with bone fragments.

Abstract: A method of classifying objects comprises the steps of sensing a multiple color image of at least a portion of the object and producing color signals indicative of a plurality of colors in response to sensing the multiple color image. The color signals are transformed to a hue signal and a saturation signal, and the object is classified in response to the hue signal and the saturation signal.

Abstract: Workpieces in which, for example, wire bonding has been performed are inspected to determine if they are defective or not by an inspection device. Workpieces which have been found to be defective are conveyed to one workpiece magazine and workpieces which have been found to be defect-free are conveyed to another workpiece magazine, thus defective and non-defective workpieces are separated immediately after inspection.

Abstract: A combinational weigher measures articles with a plurality of measuring devices and selects a combination of the articles with a total weight within an allowable range. The weigher has a device for supplying the articles, cameras for taking pictures of at least either this article supplying device or the articles thereon, an image processing device for determining the condition of the article supply on the basis of image signals from the cameras, a predicting device for predicting the change in the amount of the supplied articles on the basis at least of the condition thus determined, and a control device for changing the operating conditions of the supplying device on the basis of this prediction so as to control changes in the supply rates of articles to the measuring devices.

Abstract: A conveying system for tablet inspection is provided. The conveying system includes a hopper assembly for feeding tablets to a conveyor at a controlled rate. The conveyor includes a pair of conveyor belts surrounding a plenum that communicates with a vacuum pump. The conveyor belts are parallel to one another and are spaced a distance for efficiently supporting a tablet thereon. An uprighter is disposed between the hopper assembly and the conveyor to rotate the tablets into an upright condition supported on an edge. The tablets are stably held in the upright position by the vacuum pump and are moved rapidly in their upright condition by the rotatably driven conveyor belts. The upright orientation of the tablets permits the opposed sides of each tablet to be electro-optically inspected for defects without repositioning the tablets and without changing the direction of movement.

Abstract: A selection machine and process for fine particulate material such as, for example, semolina wheat or other food or industrial products in powdery or granular form, where the particulate material is distributed on a continuous mobile support, is transported from the support to a scanning station for the identification in the particulate material, of undesirable parts thereof, and their position on the support, and, subsequently, to a sorting station having a photoconducting element that can be moved in synchronism with the support and on which photoconducting element is formed a latent image of electrostatic charges, corresponding to the position of the undesirable parts, which electrostatic charges separate the undesirable parts from the desired particulate material by electrostatic attraction.

Abstract: For cleaning foodstuffs in the form of a bulk material, such as cereal grains, rice grains, soybeans, sunflower seeds, coffee beans, and the like, there is provided an optical sorting device (24, 24a, 24a') subsequent to a precleaning system (6), which enables sorting on the basis of color and/or size and/or shape. Each particle of the bulk material is allocated to a particle class determined by parameters and conveyed on a supporting surface transporting the bulk material to a reception area (43, 44, 45) for the respective particle class. To clean the bulk material, impurities and bad particles are sorted out of the product, with the product being partitioned into classes, if required.

Abstract: A droplet-deflection flow sorter images a series of droplets, analyzes the image to determine droplet spacing, and alters flow velocity to achieve a desired spacing. Cells in a suspension are forced by gas pressure into a narrow conduit to serialize them and then out a nozzle that includes a "window" that allows cells of interest to be characterized. Droplets breaking off from the exiting jet are imaged by a video system including a strobed light source and a video camera. Droplet spacing is determined by locating the centers of gravity of the droplets. The centers of gravity are located by processing the droplet images to produce line segments corresponding to volumetric droplet slices, with the relative volumes of the slices being proportional to the squares of the line segment lengths. This approach determines droplet center positions and thus spacing more accurately than non-imaging methods, especially with aspherical droplets and droplets with satellites.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process which enables colored foreign bodies to be detected in continuous fibre transport and removed therefrom. A stream of fibres is examined for foreign bodies by color sensors (11). If the color differs, a control system (12) activates compressed air nozzles (13) and removes foreign bodies (17).

Abstract: A scrap particle sorting system and attendant sorting process employs a conveyor for conveying the randomly shaped particles in a random orientation, a position sensor for determining the advancement of the scrap particles in the direction of conveyance by determining the position of the conveyor belt, an image detector for periodically recording the image of a predefined viewing area through which the scrap particles are conveyed, and an image processor for periodic acquisition and processing of the images. The image processor includes logic for defining each image of the viewing area into a matrix of cells, and for each acquired image, analyzing the digital data corresponding to the image to determine for each cell in the matrix whether the pixels in that cell satisfy a predetermined criteria, and establishing a discriminator signal for each cell in the matrix as a function of that analysis.

Abstract: A garbage separation apparatus utilizes a vibrating conveyor to form a thin layer of individual items in a stream of municipal waste. The individual items of municipal waste are then transferred to conveyor belts in spaced apart relation. The conveyor belt passes the items of municipal waste under an array of infrared lamps. Immediately after being illuminated by the infrared lamps, the items of municipal waste are imaged by an infrared video system. The infrared video camera produces a video image wherein specific colors refer to a specific range of temperatures. The output of this video camera is processed to separate mono-temperature images which are processed so as to drive the actuation of individual vacuum grippers out of an array of vacuum grippers placed over the conveyor belt transporting the items of municipal waste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to sort waste mixtures by irradiating the waste objects with electromagnetic and/or acoustic waves, by picking up the waves emanating from each irradiated waste object in a signal processor to identify it, and by transmitting signals from the signal processor to a separator which sorts out the identified waste object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the optical sorting of bulk material in a colour-sorting machine while it is conveyed over a transport belt and moves past an observation head with a light source and a product signal receiver arranged in the vicinity of the light source, whereby the reflected light of the image points of the examination material is broken down into several spectral ranges by various colour filters of detection elements lying next to one another of a line of the receiver and the examination material is sorted on the basis of the colour values (measured value of the intensity in the colour in question).

Abstract: Automatic sorting machine for sorting and classifying small products of the pharmaceutical and confectionery industries according to form and color. The present invention pertains to an automatic sorting machine for sorting and classifying these products for deviations, via optoelectronic specimen recognition, with the machine including a vibratory inlet device in which the products to be sorted are separated in order to present same to a delivery device for conveying the separated products through a beam/light path of a camera. Each product is optically comprehended by the camera and encoded into electrical signals, via which specimen recognition is carried out through appropriate electronics in order to eliminate unrecognized products having improper deviations.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sorting documents is provided. A document transport on the apparatus conveys documents along a selected path of movement from an input bin to a series of output bins. An optical scanner, such as a video camera, is positioned along the selected path to capture images of the documents. The captured images are displayed on a display monitor to permit an operator to inspect portions of the documents for a desired characteristic. The operator activates a push button on a selector switch depending on the presence of the desired characteristic. Bins are provided for stacking and separating documents having the desired characteristic from those documents lacking the desired characteristic. Gates are provided for directing the documents to the appropriate output bin.

Abstract: An automated sorter includes a feed slide on which containers or refuse may be fed. The feed slide includes a separation region on which a several objects may be located. A light source directs light on the objects in the separation region. An ejector, including several ejector units, is positioned downward of the separation region. A scanner scans the separation region, determines when an object should be ejected, and controls the ejector units to eject the selected objects. Thus, the selected objects are ejected into a first fraction, and the non-selected objects are left in a second fraction. A fraction thus obtained can be sorted, to separate the containers or refuse into further fractions.

Abstract: At least a representative fraction of the peeled vegetables which have passed through a steam peeler, and abrasive peeler, or both, is presented to a video camera for inspection. The camera output is analyzed by a computer controller to determine the amount of peel remaining on the vegetable and displayed in a visual format to the operator. The controller provides information to the operator on peel fraction remaining so that the operator may manually adjust speed of brush rotation and auger speed or other parameters of the peeling apparatus, or automatically adjusts these parameters to maintain level of peel with varying vegetable attributes. More representative peel fraction data is obtained by analyzing only the central half of the vegetable image captured by the vision system.

Abstract: An article sorting method and a system to perform the method, in which a plurality of articles having different sorting destinations are sorted out in a highly efficient manner by one carriage. The article sorting system includes a carriage (3) movable along a track (5). This carriage has on it a plurality of conveying mechanisms (13a, 13b, 13c and 13d) which are provided on the carriage (3). On these conveying mechanisms, articles (11) can be placed. A control device (23) controls the operations of the plurality of conveying mechanisms (13a, 13b, 13c and 13d) independently of one another. The control device drives the conveying mechanisms (13a, 13b, 13c and 13d) individually according to the sorting destination data of the articles, so that a single or plural articles (11) are sorted out by the individual operations or combined operations of the driving mechanisms (15a, 15b, 15c and 15d).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating pieces of wood into different qualities in a wood sorting process is characterized in that the brightness as well as the texture of the surface of the wood are measured, and the pieces of wood are separated into different quality groups according to the measurements results obtained.

Abstract: A color sorting apparatus has a singulator section, a color sorter and a conveyor which drops the sorted objects into appropriate collection bins. Objects for sorting are transported on an endless conveyor on wheels through the singulation and color sorting section. An independently adjustable speed belt rotates in the same direction as the wheels and operates to provide a view of each of four sides of the object to an imaging device. The imaging device, such as a camera, supplies red, green and blue signals to an image processor which performs a color transformation and obtains a single composite hue value for each object or piece of fruit to be sorted. Based on a comparison of the hue value to user programmed grading criteria, signals are provided to the conveyor so that the objects are ultimately deposited in appropriate sorting bins.

Abstract: A collection, storage and dispensing system (10 or 30) for shopping carts (E) including an elongated tubular conduit sized to allow a shopping cart (E) to rollably pass therethrough. The conduit includes a novel upright or a sloped first end section (38 or 14) defining an entrance opening (16 or 36) through which shopping carts (E) enter the system (10 or 30), a generally horizontal mid section (12, 32 or 52), and a sloping or an upright second end section (18 or 38) which defines an exit opening (20 or 40) through which shopping carts (E) exit the system (10 or 30). The mid section (12 or 32) is preferably buried below grade, but may also be elevated above a parking lot surface of a store for vehicles to drive beneath. A floor (62) is provided within the conduit (52) atop which shopping carts (E) roll.

Abstract: An integrated bulk food sorting and analysis apparatus comprises a wide-belt product conveyor which receives and conveys a laterally-distributed stream of bulk food articles past a product diverter. An upstream camera is positioned to view the stream of food articles upstream of the product diverter. Automated sorting logic is responsive to the upstream camera to individually determine optical characteristics of each food article. The product diverter is responsive to the automated sorting logic to divert a portion of the food articles from the stream depending upon their individual optical characteristics. The apparatus also includes a downstream camera positioned to view the stream of food articles downstream of the product diverter. A data processor is responsive to both the upstream camera and the downstream camera to periodically examine samples of food articles and to calculate upstream and downstream quality statistics regarding the stream of food articles.

Abstract: A scrap particle sorting system and attendant sorting process employs a conveyor for conveying the randomly shaped particles in a random orientation, a position sensor for determining the advancement of the scrap particles in the direction of conveyance by determining the position of the conveyor belt, an image detector for periodically recording the image of a predefined viewing area through which the scrap particles are conveyed, and an image processor for periodic acquisition and processing of the images. The image processor includes logic for defining each image of the viewing area into a matrix of cells, and for each acquired image, analyzing the digital data corresponding to the image to determine for each cell in the matrix whether the pixels in that cell satisfy a predetermined criteria, and establishing a discriminator signal for each cell in the matrix as a function of that analysis.

Abstract: A needle sorting device comprises an infeed device which singulates and randomly deposits surgical needles upon a first conveyor for transmission to a processing station. Upon transit, one or more cameras to obtain an image of the deposited needles. The image is digitized and the digital signals are transmitted to a control system computer which evaluates the position and orientation for randomly positioned needles and processes the information to obtain data for communication to one or more robot assemblies having grippers. Utilizing the position and orientation data, the robot assembly grippers removes selected needles from the first conveyor and transfers each needle to an engagement device located upon a second precision conveyor. This second precision conveyor is provided with additional devices to further orient the needle transferred thereto. Each oriented needle is conveyed by the second conveyor to an automatic swaging station where sutures are automatically attached.

Abstract: First, second and third linear conveyors are arranged in alignment with each other in the stated order. Bottles to be inspected are conveyed standing on their bottoms on the first linear conveyor through an inspection station followed by an ejector for those bottles which fail to match specified characteristics of an acceptable bottle model. The second conveyor has spaced apart parallel translating conveyor belts for frictionally gripping the bottles by their bodies between them to make their mouth ends and bottoms clear for inspection. The bottle discharge end region of the first conveyor and the bottle inlet end region overlap to achieve an overall shorter machine. The second conveyor has a bottle discharge region that overlaps the bottle inlet end region of the third conveyor to achieve a shorter machine.

Abstract: A method and system for temporarily halting an article for sensing with a fixed sensing system without altering its average speed. While halted, the article's orientation is manipulated for seeking and presenting a specific area thereon for sensing. The time available for manipulation results from accelerating each article relative to the average speed of articles prior to sensing. The sensing of the article includes visually reading a label thereon to identify the article, and inspection of the article for determining its physical condition. If desired, the physical condition of the article such as a glass bottle may also be evaluated without halting movement thereof. Once the article has been identified and inspected, the article is categorized based on the visual information obtained. Articles in certain categories are rejected from those evaluated.

Abstract: A sorting system is disclosed for reclaiming lean meat from highfat meat trimmings. The sorting system includes a meat dicing machine which receives laterally extending whole meat trimmings and which dices such meat trimmings without grinding or extruding, and without disturbing the lateral distribution of the meat. This results in a lateral distribution of meat trimmings, without requiring vibratory distribution which is disfavored in meat processing plants. A wide-belt inspection conveyor is positioned at the downstream end of the meat dicing machine to receive the laterally distributed meat dices. The wide-belt inspection conveyor operates at a greater linear speed than does the meat dicing machine to longitudinally space the meat dices from each other. An optical inspection and sorting station is positioned at the downstream end of the wide-belt inspection conveyor to differentiate relatively lean meat dices from relatively fatty meat dices and to separate such meat dices from each other.

Abstract: Masses of differently optically transmissive materials, such as plastic bottles of different composition or color, are separated using the different transmissivity to separate masses in a moving stream.

Abstract: In an appearance examination apparatus for solid article such as capsules, tablets and the like, the solid articles are all oriented in the horizontal direction in the same manner in a plurality of feeding lines while they are transferred from a hopper to a feeding drum, a first restriction drum and a second restriction drum. The solid articles are continuously supplied to an examination drum which intermittently rotates at predetermined time intervals. The solid articles are held in predetermined positions between first and second examination rollers and are always rotated. An image pick-up device observes the entire surface of the solid articles and the inferior articles are removed.

Abstract: A cartridge shell plate stacking apparatus has a plurality of arms circulating along an annular cam rail. Each arm has a magnet in its distal end. The cam rail lowers the distal end of the arm in a pick-up station to cause the magnet to attract one of the cartridge shell plates successively conveyed on a bucket conveyer and hold the shell plate in the horizontal state with plush ribbons stuck on the upside surfaces. The cam rail also lowers the distal end of the arm in a piling station wherein a piling box having a cut-out formed in the top edge of a side wall is disposed. Although the distal end passes through the cut-out, the cartridge shell plate cannot pass and strikes against the side wall, thereby to drop into the piling box.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a screen printer (200) selectively applies solder paste to multiple types of printed circuit boards. The screen printer (200) includes mobile placement equipment (210), which receives and transports the boards, and application equipment, which includes first and second stencils (225), frames for holding the stencils (225) in fixed positions, and an applicator (415) for applying solder paste to a board through either the first or second stencil (225). A controller (215) determines the type of a board received by the mobile placement equipment (210), then, when the board is of a first type, directs the mobile placement equipment (210) to a location aligned with the first stencil. When the board is of a second type, the mobile placement equipment (210) is directed to a location aligned with the second stencil.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting the color of objects such as bottles to be recycled so as to enable the bottles to be separated by color. The method which is particularly concerned with determining the color of an object (bottle) with a label attached thereto, begins with the storing of a reference image. Next, a determination is made of whether a bottle is present or absent. If a bottle is present, the image of the bottle is then separated into an intensity image representation of the bottle image, a saturation image representation of the bottle image, and a hue image representation of the bottle image. Then, the reference image is subtracted from the intensity image so that a resultant image is produced with the background contribution removed. Next, a logical "AND" operation is performed on the resultant image and the hue image to create a further image which has no background components. A histogram is then performed on the further image to determine the hue with the maximum number of occurrences.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for sorting needle blanks. Generally, the apparatus includes a needle transferring assembly which receives needle blanks at a needle loading position and sequentially transfers the needle blanks to a needle identifying position and to a needle sorting position. An imaging assembly has a focus aligned with the needle identifying position so as to identify whether an end face of the needle blank has a solid or hollow cross-section. A needle blank sorting assembly is provided to operate when the needle blanks are transferred to the needle sorting position. The needle blank sorting assembly responds to the imaging assembly so as to sort the needle blanks with the hollow cross-section from the needle blanks with the solid cross-section.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method sort items, such as pickles, having defective shapes, such as holes. A video camera scans moving items and acquires lines of image data including item-colored data and background-colored data. The lines of image data are sent to an image processor and compiled into a 64 line "frame" of image data that are further processed to identify the coordinates of individual items and to compute the size of each item. Because holes in an item are the same color as the background color, the invention provides means of differentiating holes from the background. A "hole-bounding box" is scaled to fit within the item position coordinates. The number of background-colored pixels inside the hole-bounding box is computed and compared to a user-defined threshold number. An item is classified as defective if the threshold number is exceeded.

Abstract: A system for analyzing the physical condition of a moving article, such as a glass bottle, in a stream of articles of manufacture which are moving at a predetermined speed. A light source illuminates a portion of the moving article to be analyzed at an illumination angle, and a camera obtains an image of the illuminated portion of the article. The camera is disposed to view the article at a viewing angle that is distinct from the illumination angle, thereby substantially reducing the amount of reflected light received by the camera. A transparent surface is interposed between the camera and the article and angled to reduce the amount of reflected light received by the camera. A computer or the like processes the image to evaluate the physical condition of the article, and categorizes the article into distinct categories based upon the physical condition of the article.

Abstract: A system and method for sorting items (16) computes the geometric center ("centroid") (156) of any item containing a defect (26) or multiple defects, and directs an ejection air blast at the centroid of the defective item rather than at the location of the defect. Video data from a scanning camera (24) are transmitted to an "item processor" (32A') and a "defect processor" (32). The item processor builds in memory (108) an image of every acceptable or defective item while the defect processor builds a "defect list" (170) of defect coordinate locations detected only on defective items. The defect processor transmits the defect list to the item processor where the defect list is compared with the stored image of the item. For each item containing at least one defect, the item processor computes a defective item centroid that is added to a defective items list (174) for use by a defect removal process that actuates air blasts directed toward the centers of defective items.

Abstract: An elevated, closed loop, conveyor arrangement defines a closed loop conveyor path, and a plurality of carriers are operatively connected to the conveyor means for movement around the path. At least one loading station is located on the path, and an identification station, disposed after the loading station in the direction of movement of the carrier means, is also located on the path. A plurality of unloading stations are located on the path after the identification station in the direction of movement of the carrier, and each unloading station receives a different type of the class of articles so that only one type of the class of articles is unloaded at each unloading station. In operation, a single article of the class is mounted on each carrier at the loading station. The type of each article is identified at the identification station, and each article is unloaded at the unloading station for receiving the type of article identified at the identification station.

Abstract: An automatic blister system includes an inspection station into which blisters are delivered in seriatim. After inspection the blisters are removed from the inspection station. A transport assembly conveys the blister through the inspection station. A sensor or detector is mounted in the inspection station directed at the path of travel of the blisters. In addition, a high speed camera is in the inspection station which is actuated by the sensor for capturing a picture of the blister. The characteristics of the blister in the picture are then monitored.

Abstract: A method of sorting plastic items by measuring the effect an item has on light directed at a stream of items from a light source, then selectively removing items from the stream based on a comparison of the light measured and the light emitted from the detector is provided. The invention also includes an apparatus for separating plastic items which comprises a light source, a detector for measuring the effect an individual item has on light emitted from the detector, and sortation means for selectively removing items from the stream based on a comparison of the light emitted by the light source and that measured at the detector. A method for separating single plastic bottles from engaged interlocked bottle clusters comprising directing an air jet at an item sufficiently forceful to displace a single bottle to a collection means but insufficiently forceful to displace an interlocked bottle cluster is also provided.

Abstract: A color sorting apparatus has a singulator section, a color sorter and a conveyor which drops the sorted objects into appropriate collection bins. Objects for sorting are transported on an endless conveyor on wheels through the singulation and color sorting section. An independently adjustable speed belt rotates in the same direction as the wheels and operates to provide a view of each of four sides of the object to an imaging device. The imaging device, such as a camera, supplies red, green and blue signals to an image processor which performs a color transformation and obtains a single composite hue value for each object or piece of fruit to be sorted. Based on a comparison of the hue value to user programmed grading criteria, signals are provided to the conveyor so that the objects are ultimately deposited in appropriate sorting bins.

Abstract: A sorting apparatus according to the present invention includes a conveyor belt having a solid translucent sheet segment for carrying a stream randomly-arranged articles, ones of which are translucent and others of which are opaque. Preferably, the translucent articles are pieces of post-consumer plastic products (e.g., beverage containers) and the opaque articles are foreign matter, such as aluminum or polypropylene container tops or caps of the beverage containers. The conveyor belt carries multiple articles simultaneously through an inspection zone. A background light source is positioned in the inspection zone opposite the translucent sheet segment from the articles to direct light through the translucent sheet segment toward the articles. A video camera is positioned to receive light from the background light source transmitted through the translucent sheet segment and translucent ones of the articles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating pieces of wood into different qualities in a wood sorting process is characterized in that the brightness as well as the texture of the surface of the wood are measured, and the pieces of wood are separated into different quality groups according to the measurements results obtained.