Abstract: An assembly for supporting biomass for treating sludge or wastewater includes a first corrugated sheet having crests and valleys, a second corrugated sheet having crests and valleys and an intermediate member mounted between the first and second corrugated sheets. The crests have peak surfaces and the valleys have trough surfaces. The first corrugated sheet has a first longitudinal axis and the second corrugated sheet has a second longitudinal axis. The corrugations of the first corrugated sheet define a first corrugation angle of about zero degrees (0°) to about forty-five degrees (45°) relative to the first longitudinal axis and the corrugations of the second corrugated sheet define a second corrugation angle of about zero degrees (0°) to about forty-five degrees (45°) relative to the second longitudinal axis. The second corrugated sheet is mounted to the first corrugated sheet and the intermediate member has openings therein.

Abstract: Waste treatment systems and methods of using them to treat septage, domestic sludge or both are disclosed. Certain examples provided herein relate to waste treatment systems that include a plurality of stages, such as, for example, a plurality of ecosystems, configured to treat domestic sludge, septage or both.

Abstract: This invention is a system and method for bioremediation of hydrocarbon and organic pollution in fresh and salt water. Hydrocarbon and organic pollution digesting microbes are placed in a floating carrier where the microorganisms are exposed to the pollution and the pollution is digested. The floating element may be a block of polymeric foam. The microbes may be supported on powder such as clay minerals, and the powder may be formed into pellets held in slits in the foam.

Abstract: Introducing a combination of suspended attached growth Medias and biological reactants into a sewage treatment process with or without additional reaction to improve and increase capacity of a given process. Media and biological reactants can be disposed in a perforated container or flexible container that can be submerged in a sequencing bed reactor or the aeration and/or mixing tanks of an activated sludge sewage treatment process.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment process integrates a tidal nitration system with a wastewater treatment lagoon. Raw effluent enters a lagoon having a persistent anoxic or anaerobic state and a long residence time to permit suspended solids to settle to the bottom, forming a blanket of sludge. Water above the sludge blanket is comparatively clearer than raw influent. Discharge from the clear water zone contains organic carbon, organic nitrogen, ammonia, and other nutrients. In the lagoon, complex carbohydrates and fats are broken down into simpler organic compounds by bacterial action, a substantial portion transformed to carbon dioxide by bacterial respiration, reducing BOD. Organic forms of nitrogen are transformed into ammonium ions by bacterial action. Adjacent to the lagoon is a sump that takes water from the clear zone to a tidal cell, and recycles water from the clear zone into the tidal cell, which then discharges back into the lagoon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for treating wastewater. The system includes a microorganism clad structure positioned in a body of wastewater such that the microorganism clad structure is at least partially submerged in the body of wastewater. The apparatus also includes an aeration device, such as a propeller-type, surface mounted aeration device, supplying a horizontal flow of oxygenated water to the microorganisms attached to the microorganism clad structure such that the microorganisms may carry out a biological process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treatment of water borne oxidized contaminants, using hydrogen as an electron donor for denitrification and reduction of other oxidized contaminants. Preliminary results reported here show that a biofilm of autotrophic denitrifiers accumulates rapidly in the wastewater setting, the MBfR can drive NO3? concentrations below 1 mgN/L, and the H2 pressure controls the NO3? flux.

Abstract: A system for controlling the aerobic phase of a wastewater treatment cycle in a sequencing batch reactor, comprising a tank, an air blower, at least one sensor for measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the tank, and means to control the length of time that the air blower introduces air into the wastewater and to maintain at a constant level the volume of air introduced per time by the air blower. The length of time that the air blower introduces air is determined by the change in the slope of the curve representing the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the wastewater. The volume of air to be introduced per time by the air blower is determined based on the average concentration of dissolved oxygen from the previous wastewater treatment cycle.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus that takes advantage of both the aeration dynamics provided along with the free resulting hydro energy created by the flotation dynamics of the air bubbles and most importantly recover more energy than is required to operate the aeration basin as a result of the bonus hydro energy realized.

Abstract: A continuous flow multistage aerobic wastewater sludge digestion system comprising at least two stages connected in series, each stage comprising one or more covered tanks, tank segments or compartments, each having an enclosed separate gas headspace, wherein the gas headspaces of each stage are connected in a specified sequence that may be identical to or different from the staging sequence followed by the sludge liquid. An oxygen containing gas stream, such as air or an oxygen enriched gas stream, is supplied to the headspace of each stage, and a means for aerating the sludge in one or more of the tanks, tank segments or compartments is provided to enhance the transfer of oxygen from the gas headspace into the sludge liquid for use by bacteria in digestion of the sludge. At least one stage of the sludge digestion system is operated at a thermophilic temperature above 50° C.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment device treats nitrogen wastewater containing hydrogen peroxide by using micro/nano bubbles generated in a micro/nano bubble reaction tank. Thereby, activity of microbes is increased in next denitrification tank and nitrification tank, so that microbial treatment efficiency can be increased and the denitrification tank and the nitrification tank can be downsized. Thus, the wastewater treatment device makes it possible to enhance treatment efficiency of nitrogen wastewater containing hydrogen peroxide and to reduce initial and running costs for wastewater treatment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for increasing biological activity in waste treatment ponds and lagoons. In this process a floating fluid circulator having an annular space between nested frusto-conical surfaces is operated in a pond or lagoon. An aerator within the scope of the floating fluid circulator is provided. That aerator includes an upper float chassis having a frusto-conical configuration, a sectional diverter arranged in a lower portion of the upper float chassis, the sectional aerator having a lower diverter portion and motor driven means mounted on the upper float chassis connected to a rotatable impeller.

Abstract: A filtration system comprises a filtration container housing filter media treated to reduce waste in water pumped into the filtration container. An impeller is mounted on the filtration container and forces water and filter media within the container to move within the container. Advantageously, movement within the container, and interaction between, the water and filter media within the container are increased through use of the impeller. The impeller may also cause the water and filter media within the container to move in a substantially non-repeating path within the container so that interaction of the water with the filter media is further increased.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of unreacted ammonia from the effluent from a reaction zone used to produce acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile comprising quenching the reactor effluent with an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate in at least two stages, thereby capturing the ammonia component of the effluent. The captured ammonia may be recovered by heating the aqueous ammonium phosphate, which then may be recycled. Contaminants present in the aqueous ammonium phosphate may be removed, for example by solvent extraction or wet oxidation, prior to recycle.

Abstract: A system and method for the treatment and reduction of sludge via ozonation in a wastewater treatment process is disclosed. The sludge treatment system comprises: a sludge ozonation reactor coupled to an activated sludge treatment basin and adapted to receive a liquid stream of sludge containing biosolids from the activated sludge treatment basin. The sludge treatment system also includes an ozone-enriched gas injection system operatively coupled to the reactor and adapted to inject ozone-enriched gas into the liquid stream at or upstream of the sludge ozonation reactor. The sludge ozonation reactor is configured to allow effective gas-liquid contacting between the ozone-enriched gas and the liquid stream so as to oxidize the biosolids in the liquid stream and initiate bacterial cell lysis thereby reducing the biosolids. Upon reduction of the biosolids, the liquid stream is returned via a return line to the activated sludge basin or other discharge point.

Abstract: A method for treating wastewater. The method comprises: providing a first dose of air to aerate a medium bed; supplying a dose of wastewater to the aerated medium bed; allowing nitrification of the wastewater to occur; allowing denitrification to occur; and providing a subsequent dose of air to the medium bed. A combined aerobic and anaerobic treatment apparatus. The apparatus comprises: a medium bed; a wastewater conduit in fluid communication with the medium bed; an air conduit in fluid communication with the medium bed; and where the combined aerobic and anaerobic treatment apparatus is configured to first allow a dose of wastewater in the medium bed to undergo a nitrification process which is generally aerobic, and then second allow the dose of wastewater in the medium bed to undergo a denitrification process which is generally anaerobic. An apparatus for treating wastewater.

Abstract: The invention is a biomass carrier used in the biological purification of waste water. The design of the biomass carrier is characterized by a surface morphology designed to produce a specific pattern of variations in bio-film thickness, resulting in optimized bio-film conditions for simultaneous nitrification-de-nitrification and biodegradation of trace organic contaminants.

Abstract: A filtering device includes a hollow casing and a plurality of tubes. The casing includes an interior defined by a surrounding wall. The casing further includes a plurality of through-holes defined in the surrounding wall and in communication with the interior of the casing. Each tube extends through an associated one of the through-holes of the casing into the interior of the casing. In another embodiment, a filtering device includes a first hollow casing and a second hollow casing received in the first hollow casing. Each of the first hollow casing and the second hollow casing includes an interior delimited by a surrounding wall. A plurality of through-holes are defined in each of the surrounding walls of the first hollow casing and the second hollow casing.

Abstract: A water treatment system which includes a control valve with a venturi for drawing air into a tank. The passage of untreated water into the control valve draws air into a tank for oxidation of the water. The flow of the air into the tank is independent of the flow of treated water from the system.

Abstract: Submerged media useful with or without aeration and/or mixing to enhance an aquatic environment by promoting and retaining biogrowth. The media takes the form of a cluster of individual flexible elements having free ends. The media are submerged in a liquid such as a water or wastewater treatment basin or an aquaculture environment. The media are characterized by the ability to promote and retain microbial growth. The media clusters have substantial flow through thicknesses to provide a three dimensional effect along with baffling for increased contact with the liquid being treated. The media may be thin strips constructed to avoid sticking together to allow maximum exposed surface area. The media clusters can create oxic, anoxic and anaerobic environments for maximum treatment during flow through the media cluster. The flexibility of the media elements and their free ends automatically dislodges excessive biomass buildup to avoid clogging of the media.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a biomembrane filtration apparatus which can treat a nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in an anaerobic state to stably remove them together with SS with efficiency and, simultaneously, can biologically remove the residual hydrogen donor as well remaining in the water to be treated in one and the same biomembrane filtration apparatus by a fixed bed biomembrane filtration method and a method therefore. As the means to achieve such an object, one embodiment of the present invention provides a biomembrane filtration apparatus having a packed layer packed with a particulate packing material to which microorganisms are to attach; an inlet for a liquid to be treated arranged above the packed layer to feed the liquid to be treated; and a gas feed opening arranged under the packed layer to feed a substantially oxygen-free gas or a gas containing trace amounts of oxygen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus creates gas-enriched fluid that is used to treat wastewater. In one embodiment, the wastewater is withdrawn from a supply of wastewater to be treated, and the wastewater is delivered in an atomized manner to a vessel pressurized with gas to form gas-enriched wastewater. The gas-enriched wastewater is then delivered to the supply of wastewater to be treated.

Abstract: A method of managing organic waste and an organic waste management system. The method includes the steps of receiving organic waste liquids and solids in a collection vessel, such as a grease trap. The dissolved oxygen is monitored, the pH level is monitored, the flow is monitored, and the temperate of the organic waste liquids and solids in the collection vessel are all monitored and data is generated therefrom. Enzymes and bacteria are generated/supplied and delivered along with other reagents to the collection vessel in response to the data. In addition, dissolved oxygen, air, or equivalent is applied to the collection vessel in response to the data so that the organic waste liquids and solids are degraded.

Abstract: A standard 20 ft or 40 ft sea-freight shipping container is configured as a septic tank, or as an aerobic trickle filter station. The shipping-container is lined with a watertight shell or liner. The liner may be a preferabricated separate structure inserted into the container, and supported from the container walls. Or, the liner may be actually constructed inside the container, again taking mechanical support from the container walls. The openable doors at the end of the standard container are retained, a wall being added to the shipping-container a foot or two inside the doors to form the tank, leaving a utility room for pipework, valves, pumps, etc.

Abstract: A system and method of wastewater treatment in a tank provides large mixing bubbles generated in the lower portion of the tank. In embodiments providing aerobic wastewater treatment, the system further provides oxygen to the wastewater by way of tiny aerating bubbles provided by diffusers. At least one sensor in the tank provides measurements of at least one wastewater treatment parameter such as total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, ammonium or nitrate. An automatic controller in the system, responsive to measurements provided by the sensor, adjusts the rate of mixing provided by the large mixing bubbles. In some aerobic embodiments, the controller, responsive to measurements from the sensor, further adjusts the rate of oxygenation supplied to the wastewater by the tiny aerating bubbles.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an anaerobic biological wastewater treatment system for treating wastewater containing organic contaminants, which includes an anaerobic sludge bed reactor and a dissolved-air flotation tank. The anaerobic sludge bed reactor is used to decompose organic contaminants by way of an anaerobic biological treatment. The dissolved-air flotation tank is used to carry out liquid-solid separation on effluent from the anaerobic sludge bed reactor, so that anaerobic microorganisms entrained in the effluent can be recovered and recycled to the anaerobic sludge bed reactor, thereby enhancing the hydraulic loading of the anaerobic sludge bed reactor.

Abstract: The method of providing for a fluid treatment, that includes providing a treatment zone containing granular activated charcoal, and providing a stream of water containing nutrients, contaminant degrading microbes and dissolved oxygen, and introducing the stream to a treatment zone to effect adsorption of nutrients and microbes onto the granular activated charcoal, thereby to provide a contaminant treatment matrix, whereby contaminant in fluid flow through the matrix is reduced.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for treating an organic liquid waste with a biofilm, the organic liquid waste is dissolved with oxygen under a first pressure higher than an atmospheric pressure to prepare a pressurized oxygen-dissolved organic liquid waste. The pressurized oxygen-dissolved organic liquid waste is depressurized to prepare a depressurized oxygen-dissolved organic liquid waste. The depressurized oxygen-dissolved organic liquid waste contacts the biofilm to prepare a treated organic liquid waste.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for treating wastewater containing biodegradable material wherein a submerged stand alone perforated cylinder reactor pod containing aerobic bacterial growth media and a draft tube with air pressure induced pumping action creates a spray or splash pattern so as to recirculated aerated liquor through the media and also to the area surrounding the cylinder pod. Free interchange of mixed and unmixed liquor is provided via the perforations in the cylindrical pod wall. Provision is also made for back flushing the media and returning mixed liquor to an area remote from the reactor pod.

Abstract: This portable appliance can be used to clean teeth by liquid (water or solution) containing dissolved ozone, which is a potent oxidizer and germ killer. Preferably, its cleaning action is enhanced by pulsations of the liquid stream. The dissolved ozone can reduce or eliminate gingivitis, gum bleeding, bad breath, teeth stains, and harmful oral bacteria. This appliance can also be used for nasal irrigation for sinusitis treatment and for ear irrigation, eye care, and general cleaning. Additionally, since its output pump is independent of the ozone dissolving system, the ozone dissolving system can be configured as an add on device for an oral irrigator such as a Water Pik™ manufactured by WaterPik Technologies, Inc. In this configuration, the ozonated liquid is delivered by either gravity or pumped flow, to the original reservoir connection with the irrigator serving as the delivery portion of this invention.

Abstract: An organic and animal waste treatment apparatus (1) comprising a container (10) with substantially torus shaped bio-film media (200) provided primarily by tires (72) formed in multiple layers. A layer proximal the bottom (20) is at least one first layer of bio-film media (70) or at least one first layers of tires (72) having a first layer top (80) and forming a Loose Density Zone (300). A next layer on top of the first layer top (80) is at least one second layer of bio-film media (90) or at least one second layer of tires (92) having a second layer top (100) and forming a Transition Density Zone (320). A next layer on top of the second layer top (100) is at least n subsequent layers (110) or at least n subsequent layers of tires (112) and forming a Compact Density Zone (340). The Loose Density Zone (300) covers between 20% to 40% of the bottom surface area (60). The Transition Density Zone covers between 30% to 50% of the first layer top surface area (85).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling water flow in a wastewater treatment plant is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing a trickling filter effluent water basin having filter media provided over a storage space for water. Water outlet flow from the basin is controlled via a flow weir or other suitable structure, thereby enabling the trickling filter effluent water basin to fill with water and store water when desired. Such storage is particularly useful during wet weather and/or overflow events. A trickling filter effluent basin modified so as to accommodate water storage and methods of modifying existing trickling filter effluent basins are also provided.

Abstract: A reactor chamber for placement in a wastewater treatment system, where the reactor chamber has a chamber formed from a sidewall which forms an interior of the chamber. The sidewall has a top portion and a bottom portion and fixed channel growth media positioned in the interior of the chamber. The fixed channel growth media is positioned below the top of the sidewall, so that when positioned in a treatment system, most of the growth media is located below the water level in the treatment system. The top of the sidewall near the water level (when positioned in a treatment system) is substantially impermeable to wastewater. The reactor includes an air distribution manifold system having a series of air release sites positioned below the fixed channel growth media and adapted to release air which disperses upwardly through the fixed channel growth media. Influent is discharged into the treatment tank near the air discharge sites.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system includes a tidal, sequential vertical flow marsh cell system having at least three marsh cells in serial forward fluid communication. Incoming wastewater to be treated is channeled to at least the first and a second marsh cell, and a portion of water exiting a final marsh cell, to the first marsh cell surface. Each marsh cell is alternately flooded and drained for enhancing aeration of incoming water and marsh cell contents, which include media and plant roots having biofilms growing thereon, the biofilms including a population of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, for achieving substantially simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of the wastewater.

Abstract: A modular aquarium filter includes one or more cartridges connected in series. The cartridges may contain filter media for chemical, biological and/or mechanical filtration. In addition, the cartridges are designed such that they provide a unique internal helical geometry to increase the contact area and flow rate of the water with the filter media. The helix may be optionally adjusted to provide different thickness filter layers for aquarium filtration. The pitch of the flights of the helix may be varied to provide enhanced centrifugal flow of the water within the cartridge. The present invention also provides self-sealing valve assemblies at the filter inlet and outlet, which when disconnected shut off the flow of water through the filter to expedite exchange of the cartridges.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating waste products produced by chemical processing plants. Steam stripping waste sour water results in a vapor including ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. A scrubber unit including a quenching column produces a concentrated ammonium sulfide solution. The concentrated ammonium sulfide allows for more efficient transfer from more than one refinery to a centralized purification facility for further processing.

Abstract: A method for biological purification of water such as wastewater using a carrier material is disclosed, wherein the water is treated in a reactor containing carriers for biofilm growth. These carriers are kept in movement in the water and are designed so that they have well-defined passages or compartments providing a surface for biofilm growth, which is protected against collision with the surfaces of other carriers. The carriers have a width or diameter greater than 20 mm, the protected area is larger than 1000 m2/m3 carrier element volume, the length of the passages or the depth of the compartments in the carrier elements as a mean value is smaller than 6 mm or smaller than 3 mm, respectively, and the ratio between the passage lengths or compartment depths and the longest dimension of the inlet openings to the passages or compartments, respectively, is smaller than 3.

Abstract: An orbital wastewater treatment system includes a tank and a partition disposed in the tank to define a pair of channels in the tank. The tank has a turning wall bounding contiguous portions of the channels. The partition has an end spaced from the turning wall, whereby the channels communicate with one another. A driven shaft is disposed vertically in the tank between the end of the partition and the turning wall. The driven shaft is provided at an upper end with a surface aerator and at a lower end with a horizontal impeller. At least one baffle member is disposed in the tank partially about a lower end of the shaft including the impeller.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for treating wastewater with alkanes such as butane. An oxygen-containing gas may also be introduced into the wastewater. Butane, because of its relatively high solubility, rapidly dissolves in the wastewater, thereby significantly increasing the heterogeneous microbial community and heterotrophic microbial population. This enhanced microbial population may rapidly absorb and mineralize materials in the wastestream. After an initial growth phase, the organic matter available in the wastewater effluent may be rapidly decreased, thereby reducing the amount of BOD, TDS, sludge and other pollutants. In addition, the use of butane reduces noxious odors associated with municipal wastewater sludges and other types of wastewater.

Abstract: A membrane filtration system comprising one or more submerged ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane assemblies at ambient pressure, each membrane assembly positioned 100–240 mm from a nearest wall, baffle, or adjacent membrane assembly and no more than 1 meter above a floor and at least 150 mm below the liquid level. Mixed liquor is discharged underneath each membrane assembly to create a vertical flow velocity in a range of 1–8 mm/second along an entire length of the membrane assembly. In a sequenced batch reactor system, a coarse bubble air diffuser for scouring each membrane assembly is supplied with air only during the backwash cycle of the filtration system and not during the filtration cycle. In a membrane bioreactor system, the biological treatment section is physically separated from the filtration section and fine bubble air diffusion is used in the biological treatment section.

Abstract: A collapsible water treatment digester includes a flexible bladder, a frame, and a plurality of filter plates. The flexible bladder is movable from a collapsed position wherein the bladder is folded into a substantially flattened state to an expanded position wherein the bladder forms a water treatment chamber. The frame is connected to the bladder so as to support the bladder in the expanded position. The filter plates are disposed within the water treatment chamber of the bladder so as to cause a substantial portion of the solids from a wastewater stream introduced into the water treatment chamber to produce a reconditioned water stream dischargeable from the bladder.

Abstract: A membrane supported biofilm reactor uses modules having fine, hollow fibres, for example, made from dense wall Poly methylpentene (PMP) used in tows or formed into a fabric. In one module, one or more sheets of the fabric are potted into a module to enable oxygen containing gas to be supplied to the lumens of the hollow fibres. Various reactors and processes, for example to treat wastewater, using such modules are described. Mechanical, chemical and biological methods are used to control the thickness of the biofilm.

Abstract: This invention is a system and method for bioremediation of hydrocarbon and organic pollution in fresh and salt water. Hydrocarbon and organic pollution digesting microbes are placed in a floating carrier where the microorganisms are exposed to the pollution and the pollution is digested. The floating element may be a block of polymeric foam. The microbes may be supported on powder such as clay minerals, and the powder may be formed into pellets held in slits in the foam.

Abstract: Scaleable bacterial injection, aeration and filtration system to effectively control microbial community function of aquatic systems. The present invention is a substantially simplified system with respect to handling growth and dispersion of microorganisms in solution and is also adaptable to many different end-use applications, including treatment of ornamental fish and aquaculture, pond and streams and sewage treatment systems. Initial microorganism materials are provided in the form of aqueous suspensions, which are incorporated into a large volume of water in a vessel. Microorganisms are entrapped inside a carrier that serves as a physical enclosure for cell retention. It has a porous structure to facilitate the diffusion of substances, such as ammonia, nitrate, nutrients, fuels and organic carbon, into its internal void volume, where substrate reduction is accomplished by entrapped cells.

Abstract: In a vessel containing a filter bed and containing a mixed liquor containing suspended solids, a system disturbs/dislodges a sludge mat that settles on the filter bed. Thus, the system controls the sludge mat on the filter bed that otherwise may blind the filter bed and significantly reduce or stop process liquid flow into and through the filter bed. The system helps maintain effective vessel effluent flowrates with reduced requirements for filter bed backwashing or other filter bed maintenance. The system includes a sludge mat dislodging member that moves along the filter bed surface, preferably on but substantially not inside the filter bed, to disrupt/dislodge the sludge mat and/or prevent formation of the sludge mat. Preferably, the dislodging member is carried inside the vessel on a moving arm or arms that rotate in a plane parallel to the filter bed surface. The preferred sludge mat dislodging member(s) hang from the rotating arm(s) to slide along the top of the filter bed through the sludge mat.

Abstract: The apparatus for reducing biological wasted sludge includes a sludge hydrolysis reactor, a sludge neutralization reactor and a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The method of the present invention includes subjecting a biological wasted sludge to hydrolysis and neutralization treatments to offer an intermediate feed suitable to be treated in the MBR. The hydrolyzed sludge and microorganisms are retained in the MBR, so that a further hydrolysis of sludge and decomposition of organics undergo to achieve the objectives of stabilization of sludge and reduction of sludge. Thanks to the filtration membrane of the MBR, specific microorganisms can be acclimated and accumulated in the MBR to decompose substrates in the sludge which are difficult to be decomposed, and an effluent of expected water quality can be meet.

Abstract: A bioreactor system having improved temperature control wherein heat is directly removed from the bioreactor liquid to maintain temperature balance in the bioreactor. The present invention also relates to a method for maintaining a desired temperature range of thermophilic and mesophilic bioreactors wherein ambient air is brought into direct contact with droplets of bioreactor liquid. Heat is transferred from the droplets of bioreactor liquid to the air, which is then evacuated from the bioreactor.

Abstract: This invention relates to remediation systems, and more particularly to remediation systems for water, soil, and sediment bodies using thin-layer coated microbubbles.

Abstract: A self-cleansing media and systems incorporating the same, for a rotating biological contactor, are described. The media includes a disk having cones extending perpendicularly from the surface thereof. Two or more disks lock together, axially about a rotating central shaft, by connecting cones spaced throughout the disk surface having a socket at their base to receive the top of the corresponding connecting cone on the adjacent disk. The cones, by virtue of their length, space the disks a desired distance. The disks include disk segments that can link to one another along either straight and/or curved portions thereof. The geometry of the media provides free passage of the air and water during each revolution, and while the base disk slices through the air and water, the projecting cones or cylinders enter the air and water perpendicular to the direction of rotation and are washed and cleansed during each rotation.

Abstract: In a device for biological fluid treatment, fluid is led along surfaces coated with microorganisms, which form parts of disks drivable about a rotation axis. The surfaces are formed by recesses lying in the disks and the disks are arranged to one another such that the leading of the fluid is effected through the recesses, and a recess of one disk is delimited in a channel-forming manner by the adjacent other disk movable relative to this.