Abstract: A mud tank for processing drilling mud during drilling operations wherein the interior of the mud tank has sloping walls to guide sinking aggregate toward a sand trap disposed at the point of convergence thereof. The sand trap is comprised of the convergences area of the sloping walls and an inverted V-shaped cap member located thereabove along the entire length with ¼? gaps provided between the edges of the cap and their respective sloping walls. Aggregate is drawn through the gaps into the sand trap by a sand pump that provides a suction line therein. A center-divider within the mud tank separates the tank into a dirty tank and a clean tank to provide redundant cleaning operation for more effective removal of aggregate.

Abstract: A modular filter system is provided with one or more modules that can be interchangeable, depending upon the specific application or specific health or environmental issue presented. Disclosed combinations can include one or more of any of the following modules in any relative position to one another: (a) a microbiological contaminant mitigation module, preferably in the form of an inverted u-shaped hollow fiber filter module wherein the fibers have ends potted on the downstream side and that consists essentially of hydrophilic fibers for water filtration with a small amount of hydrophobic fibers for venting of entrapped air; (b) a first chemical mitigation module, preferably in the form of an adsorption module comprising carbon or the combination of carbon and a deionization resin; and (c) a second chemical mitigation module, preferably in the form of a deionization resin module.

Abstract: Provided are a treatment apparatus for removing fluorine content from water to be treated and a method of treating water to be treated using the same. Water to be treated, containing fluorine, is introduced into a treatment tank over a first path. Slaked lime is added to the water to be treated over a second path. Calcium chloride is added to the water to be treated over a third path. Thus, the fluorine contained in the water to be treated combines with calcium forming slaked lime or calcium chloride, thus yielding calcium fluoride, which is immobilized. When a filter film immersed in the water to be treated is used for filtration, the calcium fluoride contained in the water to be treated is concentrated.

Abstract: A portable, refillable water dispenser serving batches of water purified of organic and inorganic pollutants includes a portable, refillable and hand-holdable vessel for holding and pouring water having a spout and, inside the portable, refillable and hand-holdable vessel, moving water and still water processing module cooperative to remove inorganic and organic pollutants from water received batchwise by the vessel.

Abstract: A separator to separate oil and debris from an aqueous fluid includes a container with a cover, the top portion of which includes a control panel access door. The separator draws an aqueous fluid with one or a plurality of skimmers that float on the aqueous fluid inside one or a plurality of corresponding reservoirs. When the separator is operating, the surface portion of the aqueous fluid is drawn into each corresponding skimmer hose and transferred to the separator by a pickup hose. The separator separates oil, debris and any sludge that may be in the aqueous fluid to provide a substantially filtered aqueous fluid. The substantially filtered aqueous fluid is then returned to the reservoirs through an exit hose.

Abstract: A system for the treatment of residential wastewater which comprises a septic tank, a holding tank in fluid communication with the septic tank and a reactor containing a plurality of media on which the wastewater is sprayed, and cyclonic clarification means. The system is designed to treat the wastewater such that it does not need to be passed to a drainage field for final disposal.

Abstract: The present invention is an aquarium filter that treats water mechanically, chemically and biologically, provides maximum and uniform circulation and aeration of water, prevents channeling, reduces surface debris, reduces leaking and clogging, maximizes the viewable area, facilitates a slim profile, while being uncomplicated to install and inexpensive. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is an aquarium filter comprising a first surface skimmer, a second surface skimmer, a first mechanical filter, a second mechanical filter, a plurality of drip trays, a plurality of biological filters, a first chemical filter, a second chemical filter, a pump and a conduit.

Abstract: A filter system for receiving an aqueous-based fluid contaminated with particles and emulsified contaminant oil, removing the particles, and separating the emulsified contaminant oil from the aqueous-based fluid includes a filter media for receiving the aqueous-based fluid and emulsified contaminant oil, having an inner filter element formed from a 95 percent single pass efficiency 48 micron (5 micron nominal) filtering material of needle punch polypropylene felt, an outer filter element formed from a 95 percent single pass efficiency 19 micron absolute filtering material of a polypropylene microfiber material and a porous spunbond polypropylene sandwiching the outer filter media.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system and process for treating waste water received in a batch tank. The waste water is discharged in a headwork screen for removing large solids in the water. The solids are into a sludge drying bin. The screened water is transferred into a top of an influent surge tank with an oil/water separator. The oil/water separator includes a plurality of coalescing plates for separating free oil from the waste water. Heavy solids in the surge tank are drained into the sludge drying bin. The waste water is now dropped into a containment pan. From the containment pan, the waste water is pumped into a water treatment tank. The water treatment tank includes two or more electrodes mounted in the top thereof. The electrodes are separated using insulating support spacers for providing proper electrode spacing and insulation between the electrodes. The electrodes are used for providing current to the waste water and separating the contaminates in the water by electrocoagulation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a filtration system including filter media that use diffusion as a method of particulate reduction that balances the contact time required for a desirable level of interception and filter performance. The filter system of the present invention includes a filter medium that removes particulate contaminants by diffusion, means for providing sufficient contact time for an influent to contact the filter medium such that the filter medium can intercept sub-micron particulates at an average flow rate below that of an on-demand or instantaneous flow rate; and a storage buffer for providing a filtered effluent at a rate independent of the average flow rate required to achieve adequate particulate reduction through the filter medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for filtering or purifying water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling a wash solution used in powder coating which uses filters. The invention also relates to methods and apparatuses for recycling wash solutions used in spray washing, steam cleaning or car washes using filters.

Abstract: A liquid treating device without any restrictions for a sludge discharge device set above a liquid tank is provided. A cyclone separator adapted to swirl liquid to subject sludge to centrifugal separation from the liquid and precipitate the sludge is connected to the circulating pump adapted to pump up liquid coolant containing the sludge discharged to a liquid tank from a machine tool. An opening/closing valve for sludge discharge is arranged at a discharge port of a sludge pot adapted to condense the sludge precipitated by the cyclone separator. A sludge discharge device to discharge only the sludge to the exterior from a sludge storage tank part adapted to store the sludge and liquid discharged from the sludge pot via the opening/closing valve temporarily is set. A supernatant liquid stored in the sludge storage tank part of the sludge discharge device in the suction side of the pump is recovered.

Abstract: A fluid filter system including a cartridge filter housed in a tank having a standpipe extending from a bottom surface of the tank. The cartridge filter is positioned in the tank with the standpipe extending into an outlet tube in the filter. Fluids flow into the tank, through the filter, and out through the standpipe. The cartridge filter may include a seal in an upper portion of the filter for sealing the cartridge filter to the standpipe in a position that is above the contaminant laden fluids and debris that collect at the bottom of a tank during removal of a cartridge filter.

Abstract: There is described a fluid treatment system comprising an array of independent fluid treatment reactors. The reactors are arranged in a manner whereby a flow of fluid may be passed through the array in a substantially helical direction. The fluid treatment system is capable of treating large volumes of fluid (e.g., water) while requiring a relatively small foot print. In essence, the present fluid treatment system concentrates a relatively large number of radiation sources in a relatively small amount of space resulting in the ability to treat large volumes of fluid (e.g., water).

Abstract: A packaged wastewater treatment unit has a compact configuration into which all subcomponents may be integrally molded. The compactness of the unit results from the arrangement of the subcomponents within the unit. In one embodiment, a clarifying unit and a basin into which a biological digester is mounted are formed within the top surface of a tank. The interior of the tank contains a collecting compartment separated from a secondary compartment by a baffle. In another embodiment, the housing of a disinfecting unit, such as an ultraviolet or chlorination unit, is also formed within the top surface of the packaged system. A method for treating wastewater includes using a single integrated unit to feed an effluent stream to a collection tank and then transport it to a biological digester, clarifying unit, and disinfecting unit. The effluent stream may be transported through the unit by a series of pumps and spillways. Optionally, the output stream may also be subjected to a sand filtration unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for filtering or purifying water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling a wash solution used in powder coating which uses filters. The invention also relates to methods and apparatuses for recycling wash solutions used in spray washing, steam cleaning or car washes using filters.

Abstract: A filtering system used on a meat injection machine that injects pickling into meat products. The filter consists of a tank and a first and second rotary filter. The first rotary filter uses a wedge wire wound cylinder and augers having flutes that rotate to catch and push away solid particles toward the second filter. The second filter then uses more wedge wire in a whirlpool effect to ensure all solid materials and foam are in the outside of the filter. Injector fluid is then taken from the center of the inside volume of the second filter to be used in injection needles.

Abstract: A wind energy installation having a tower, a gondola supported by the tower, a rotor mounted in the gondola, and at least one pressure pump that is mechanically driven by the rotor and that feeds a raw water-treating reverse osmosis plant, the components of the reverse osmosis plant being arranged within the tower.

Abstract: A filtering system used on a meat injection machine that injects pickling into meat products. The filter consists of a tank and a first and second rotary filter. The first rotary filter uses a wedge wire wound cylinder and augers having flutes that rotate to catch and push away solid particles toward the second filter. The second filter then uses more wedge wire in a whirlpool effect to ensure all solid materials and foam are in the outside of the filter. Injector fluid is then taken from the center of the inside volume of the second filter to be used in injection needles.

Abstract: A system to restrict and remove debris and pollutants from runoff water received from surrounding areas. A receptacle receives the runoff water, and a grate detains the heavier part of its solids burden. A first screen within the receptacle detains solids of lesser size. Water passed by the first screen encounters a tubular second screen in the receptacle which passes water that was additionally screened by it and sends it to a downstream system. A weir at a sensitive level in the receptacle can by-pass the second screen. The second screen is preferably rotatable.

Abstract: A portable, refillable water dispenser serving batches of water purified of organic and inorganic pollutants includes a portable, refillable and hand-holdable vessel for holding and pouring water having a spout and, inside the portable, refillable and hand-holdable vessel, moving water and still water processing module cooperative to remove inorganic and organic pollutants from water received batchwise by the vessel.

Abstract: A packaged wastewater treatment unit has a compact configuration into which all subcomponents may be integrally molded. The compactness of the unit results from the arrangement of the subcomponents within the unit. In one embodiment, a clarifying unit and a basin into which a biological digester is mounted are formed within the top surface of a tank. The interior of the tank contains a collecting compartment separated from a secondary compartment by a baffle. In another embodiment, the housing of a disinfecting unit, such as an ultraviolet or chlorination unit, is also formed within the top surface of the packaged system. A method for treating wastewater includes using a single integrated unit to feed an effluent stream to a collection tank and then transport it to a biological digester, clarifying unit, and disinfecting unit. The effluent stream may be transported through the unit by a series of pumps and spillways. Optionally, the output stream may also be subjected to a sand filtration unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling a wash solution used in powder coating which uses filters. The invention also relates to methods and apparatuses for recycling wash solutions used in spray washing, steam cleaning or car washes using filters.

Abstract: A water filtering device suitable for locally, under atmospheric pressure, purifying contaminated water, and which comprises a container that is provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening, which container is provided with at least: a preliminary filtration element for the removal of particles, if present, of a particle size more than 10 micrometers; a filtration element provided with activated charcoal; and an ultrafiltration element.

Abstract: A filter system for receiving an oil-in-water emulsion contaminated with an emulsified contaminant oil, and separating the emulsified contaminant oil from the oil-in-water emulsion includes a filter media for receiving the oil-in-water emulsion and emulsified contaminant oil, having an inner filter element formed from a 95 percent single pass efficiency 48 micron (5 micron nominal) filtering material of needle punch polypropylene felt, an outer filter element formed from a 95 percent single pass efficiency 19 micron absolute filtering material of a polypropylene microfiber material and a porous spunbond polypropylene sandwiching the outer filter media. The filter clement de-emulsifies the emulsified contaminant oil from the oil-in-water emulsion into the contaminant oil and the oil-in-water emulsion, separates the de-emulsified contaminant oil from the oil-in-water emulsion, coalesces the separated contaminant oil and passes both the coalesced de-emulsified contaminant oil and the oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: A fluid level control system, particularly useful for controlling the level of water flowing in an open channel. The fluid level control system includes a gate having a flap portion interconnected to a lever portion. The flap portion is rotatable about a first pivot point. The system further includes a frame which is fixed with respect to the flap portion. A linkage interconnects the flap portion and the lever portion, and is connected to the frame at a second pivot point different than the first pivot point. Under changing flow conditions in the channel, the present system operates by both: (i) absolute movement of the lever portion and the flap portion, and (ii) relative movement between the lever portion and the flap portion. A fluid treatment system and a method for controlling the level of a flowing fluid may also use such a fluid level control system.

Abstract: A filtration system for cleaning the fluid in a wash tank. The filtration system includes a process tank from which fluid is pumped to a filter element located in the wash tank. The filter element is formed of hollow porous tubes. The fluid is pumped from the process tank through the hollow porous tubes and back to the process tank. The fluid in the hollow porous tubes is at a greater pressure than that of the fluid in the wash tank in which it is submerged, such that fluid, but not particulate matter, with flow through the pores in the tubes to the wash tank. Cleaned fluid is thereby provided to the wash tank and fluid with a higher concentration of contaminants is returned to the process tank.

Abstract: Device and process for separation of absorbent/floating material from product mixes by means of float/sink separation with a float/sink separator which exhibits a separator tank filled with a liquid separating medium, in which context there are provided devices for generation of a surface flow in the separating medium, which propel the absorbent/floating material as a floating fraction from a pickup point of the product mix to an output point for the floating fraction, along the surface of the separating medium, at such a speed as to inhibit absorption of the separating medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular system for separating components of a liquid sample. The system includes arrays of units that may be assembled in series to perform multiple separations on a liquid sample in a single step. Also, the modular nature of the system permits a device according to the present invention to be designed to perform different separation schemes on one or more liquid samples within a single device.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for regenerating inorganic porous particles, a method for purifying water and a continuous water purification device, which can be easily applied as a recycling system of water in special environments such as space environment, by safely removing impurities contained in water and water vapor with a usage of a compact facility without using any chemicals. The method for regenerating inorganic porous particles is characterized in that adsorbed products such as ammonia and/or amines, are reduced by heating to 100-200° C. under a reduced pressure of 10 Pa or less. The method for purifying water and the continuous water purification device are characterized in that a dense membrane having cationic groups and/or a composite membrane in which a hydrophilic membrane is layered on a surface of a hydrophobic porous membrane is used as a permeable membrane are used as a permeable membrane.

Abstract: A method and device for separating grease from waste water. The separator device includes a receptacle with an upper first part and a lower second part separated by a plate. The receptacle further has an inlet port for waste water, a discharge port for separated waste water, discharge means for grease and/or sludge, and an overflow pipe establishing a connection between the receptacle first part and the receptacle second part. Waste water is supplied through the inlet port to the upper first part, and the waste water is allowed to undergo a separation by gravity, whereby a grease layer is formed on a separated waste water layer and a sludge layer on the plate. In order to achieve a high degree of separation, separated waste water is allowed to flow through the overflow pipe to the receptacle lower second part. Grease is removed from the grease layer and/or sludge from the sludge layer through the discharge means, and separated waste water is discharged through the discharge port.

Abstract: An oil filter including a housing, a first oil filter element, a second oil filter element disposed circumferentially about a length of the first oil filter capable of filtering particles of a smaller size than the first oil filter element. A first oil filter inlet is disposed at a bottom portion of the housing for providing oil to be filtered to an outside surface of the first oil filter element, and a second oil filter inlet is disposed at the bottom portion of the housing and surrounding the first oil inlet for providing oil to be filtered to a bottom surface of the second oil filter element. A fluid communication path extends from a top surface of the second oil filter element into the first oil filter element such that oil filtered through the second oil filter element is mixed with oil filtered by the first oil filter element.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus that contains both the gravity settling mechanism and the dissolved-air floatation (DAF) mechanism in a compensating manner is provided. The said apparatus comprises a gravity settling chamber (34), a DAF chamber (42), a chamber connection channel (22), an air-dissolving device (38), a means for collecting treated water (24), and a water level control device (16). During treatment, heavy solid particles in water or wastewater can be quickly removed by gravity settling, while the remaining light solid particles and/or oil can be quickly removed by DAF. Thus, the apparatus of this invention is more effective and efficient compared with conventional clarifiers that employ only one clarification mechanism. Therefore, the apparatus of this invention is more compact and can achieve better effluent quality.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of purifying feedwater to remove impurities including suspended solids therefrom, the method suitable for using in-line water pressure to permeate water through hollow fiber membranes and to backflush the membranes to remove solids collected or deposited thereon.

Abstract: A device and a method are described, which are used for precipitating beverage sediment from the rinsing mixture of beverage production machines and which comprise a rinsing conduit, a sediment receptacle and a filtering means. In order to design a device of this type in a structurally simple manner such that it can be serviced more easily, it is suggested that the filtering means should comprise a first and a second filter which are arranged one after the other when seen in the direction of flow of the rinsing mixture and which are each provided with filtrate discharge means and that a flow connection for the rinsing mixture discharged from the rinsing conduit and for the filter cake precipitated on the first filter should be provided, said flow connection bypassing said first filter and leading into the sediment receptacle.

Abstract: A vessel (10) for placement on a land site for sanitary treatment of wastewater, in which an inlet communicates wastewater and suspended solids through a mixing chamber (30) to an aeration zone (34) that receives air from nozzles (37) for biological digestion of the suspended solids and conversion to activated sludge. The activated sludge communicates through an airlift (70) to the mixing chamber (30) for facilitating treatment. The air from the nozzles (37) creates an upflow of wastewater and activated sludge to secondary clarifiers (42) having sludge receiving plates (48) on which the sludge settles, accumulates, and falls from resulting in treated water in the secondary clarifier (42). The treated water discharges in a trough (62) from the vessel (12, 92). A method of sanitary treating of wastewater is disclosed.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated, self-contained biological fluidized bed apparatus for the treatment of wastewater, which offers easy and uniform expansion for various types of commercially available media, by means of a conical bottom and a single, non-clogging flow distribution pipe. Besides the biological treatment accomplished within the fluidized bed, this reactor provides mechanical solids/gas/liquid separation and upflow sludge blanket clarification to improve effluent quality. Additional unique features of this apparatus are a rotating surface skimmer and an excess sludge collection and thickening device powered by an externally mounted drive. With this reactor configuration, anaerobic and anoxic biological treatment and subsequent clarification are achieved in a single enclosed tank.

Abstract: A water purifier including a cover body mounted on top of a cylindrical seat having a partition board, with a delicate filtering cylinder and a plurality of filtering cylinders mounted on to the partition board in two rows. The partition board has a surrounding edge provided with a plurality of circular holes, each of the plurality of circular holes having a cavity box arranged underneath, each of the plurality of cavity boxes having two magnets and a cover board. A plurality of water conduits connects said delicate filtering cylinder and said plurality of filtering cylinders via said circular holes. The cylindrical seat also includes control panel provided with a water inlet for connecting to a tap, a water outlet port for magnetized and purified water, and an overflow port for removing water which accumulates at the partition board.

Abstract: In the typical embodiments disclosed in the specification, a ballasted flocculation liquid treatment arrangement includes a mixing chamber in which liquid to be treated, flocculating agents and granular material are mixed. The mixture is supplied to the bottom of a flocculating chamber adjacent to the mixing chamber through an opening in a common wall between the chambers and is maintained in suspension in the flocculating chamber by turbulence generated by a rotating blade array. Ballasted flocs are transferred from the flocculation chamber to an adjacent sludge tank through a first opening in a common wall between them and liquid which contains lighter flocs is returned to the flocculation chamber through a second opening in the common wall. Liquid from the flocculation chamber passes upwardly through a turbulence control arrangement where flocs and particulates are substantially removed and into a clarification chamber where clarified liquid is passed over a weir to an outlet.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus that contains both the gravity settling mechanism and the dissolved-air floatation (DAF) mechanism in a compensating manner is provided. The said apparatus comprises a gravity settling chamber (34), a DAF chamber (42), a chamber connection channel (22), an air-dissolving device (38), a means for collecting treated water (24), and a water level control device (16). During treatment, heavy solid particles in water or wastewater can be quickly removed by gravity settling, while the remaining light solid particles and/or oil can be quickly removed by DAF. Thus, the apparatus of this invention is more effective and efficient compared with conventional clarifiers that employ only one clarification mechanism. Therefore, the apparatus of this invention is more compact and can achieve better effluent quality.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for filtering particles out of a liquid, in which the liquid containing particles is supplied to a sedimentation tank (12), and the liquid is made, by means of hydrostatic liquid pressure prevailing in the tank, to flow through a filter member (18) on the shell surface of a drum (14) mounted in the tank (12). When the liquid in the tank has risen to a predetermined level above the drum (14) as a result of clogging of the filter member (18), cleaning of the filter member (18) in situ in the tank is initiated.

Abstract: Device for separating two non-mixable liquids with different specific gravities such as oil and water, which device contains a first separation tank (2) with an overflow (11, 12) for each of the liquids to be separated, a coalescence filter (3) whose inlet (14) is connected via a pipe (13) to the overflow (12) of the first separation tank (2) for the liquid with the highest specific gravity and a second separation tank (4) which is connected to the outlet (19) of the coalescence filter (3), characterized in that the overflow (12) onto which the coalescence filter (3) is connected is situated higher than the inlet (14) of the coalescence filter (3) with a difference in height H1 which is such that the liquid mass in the pipe between the first separation tank (2) and the coalescence filter (3) provides for the necessary pressure to bridge the pressure drop in the coalescence filter (3) and the counterpressure of the liquid in the second separation tank (4).

Abstract: A process and a configuration for producing ultra-pure water for a semiconductor manufacturing plant containing a plurality of manufacturing units. In a first purification step, untreated water undergoes preliminary purification in amounts required for the plant. In a plurality of final purification units, which are each assigned to at least one manufacturing unit, ultra-pure water of a stipulated quality is obtained from a treated water in a second purification step as a function of the process parameters of the associated manufacturing unit.

Abstract: A coagulator for receiving water bearing suspended solids and a coagulant and for coagulating the suspended solids includes a coagulation and sedimentation part and an upstream coagulation part. The coagulation and sedimentation part includes a second packing medium accumulation layer with accumulated packing media having a void volume, and a sludge accumulation zone positioned below the second packing medium accumulation layer and configured to receive solids that coagulate from the water and also having a sludge removal opening by which the received coagulated solids may be discharged. The water bearing the coagulant is allowed to flow upward through the second packing medium accumulation layer to coagulate and settle the suspended solids from the water in the sludge accumulation zone.

Abstract: A low cost system for providing drinking water includes a feed water container with a simple ceramic filter covering an outlet of the feed water container. The preferred filter is generally cylindrically shaped with a bore extending partially therethrough, in a configuration commonly referred to as a “ceramic candle” filter in developing countries. Under force of gravity, feed water filters through the ceramic to a storage container below. The filtered water is irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) energy either as it flows or after collection in the storage container. In one embodiment, filtered water is temporarily collected in an intermediate holding tank, where it can be irradiated constantly on in batches and periodically released to the lower container. Filtration through ceramic provides clear water with a low UV extinction coefficient for more efficient UV disinfection.

Abstract: A bacterial culture capable of degrading ethers, especially branched alkylethers including MTBE, under aerobic conditions has been prepared.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with apparatus for the purification of liquids which can be used in communal, agricultural and industrial applications. The apparatus provides containment of backwashing liquid within the apparatus with subsequent purification of backwashing liquid and supply of purified liquid to the consumer. The apparatus comprises a filter with a filtering element made of, for example, floating bead material (expanded polystyrene with bead size 0.5-3.0 mm) and a filtrate discharge pipe. A pipe-type settler is positioned below the filter, and the upper ends of settler pipes are connected to a partition which separates the settler from the filter. In the upper part of settler, an interpipe working space is formed and is connected to the filter through pipes, and a pipe for the supply of liquid to be purified is connected to filter under floating bead media.

Abstract: A separator vessel and a biological reactor vessel are connected in tandem to remove separable wastes from waste water and to deactivate toxins, respectively. In a first embodiment, waste water is gravity fed into the separator vessel where it flows downwardly through a bed of loose pellets that causes coalescing of organic matter. A cone-shaped deflector, having its wide end facing downwardly, deflects the downward flow radially outwardly toward the side walls of the separator vessel. Heavy waste accumulates in a cone-shaped waste concentration zone at the bottom of the separator vessel and is pumped away to a disposal point. Lighter water reverses its downward direction and is pulled upwardly into the cone-shaped deflector by a pump and sent to the biological reactor vessel where nitrification changes toxins to harmless nitrates.