Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods for treating a contaminated fluid stream are provided. The systems may include a treatment column fluidly interconnected to a regeneration column, the regeneration column being adapted to continuously receive solid spent media from the treatment column to continuously regenerate such solid spent media.

Abstract: A high rate, upflow filtration system is described in which a compressible, fibrous lump filtration media is compressed to adjust the porosity and collector size of the media in the bed and to provide a porosity gradient within the bed proceeding from more porous to less porous in a direction opposite to the flow of fluid so that filtration proceeds in a direction from a more porous to a less porous filter bed. Larger particles are removed by the more porous media and successively smaller particles are removed as the filter bed becomes less porous. The system is capable of reducing the turbidity of influent municipal wastewater from about 8 NTU to about 2 NTU at a wastewater flow rate of from about 820 to 1230 L/m2·min (20 to 30 gal/ft2·min), at a bed compression ration of from about 15 to 40 percent, and at a backwash rate of from about 1 to 6 percent based on the total wastewater passing through the filter.

Abstract: A treatment method of organic compounds included in waste water, comprising the steps of: supplying waste water to an adsorber 2 filled with an adsorbent 3 therein for adsorbing the organic compounds in the waste water by the adsorbent 3 in the adsorber 2, supplying a current between an anode 9 and a cathode 8 in water including an electrolyte in an electrolyzer 6 for electrolyzing the water including an electrolyte, and supplying an electrolyte resulting from electrolysis in the electrolyzer 6 to the adsorbent 3 in the adsorber 2 for contacting the electrolyte with the adsorbent 3, so that the organic compounds adsorbed by the adsorbent 3 are desorbed or decomposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixed-modal anion-exchange materials composed of a support on which a ligand is immobilized. The ligand combines at least one basic domain based on cyclic monobasic derivatives with two or more rings as anion-exchange domain and at least one non-ionic binding domain. The basic domain is ionized under the conditions of use and may contain secondary, tertiary, or quaternary nitrogen forming a weakly (WAX) or strongly (SAX) basic anionic exchange domains. The non-ionic binding domain allows adjustment of the overall hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the material and represents a second binding site for the solute to be separated. Binding to this second binding site is based on reversed phase (RP), hydrophobic interaction (HIC) or hydrophilic interaction (HILIC).

Abstract: A high rate, upflow filtration system is described in which a compressible, fibrous lump filtration media is compressed to adjust the porosity and collector size of the media in the bed and to provide a porosity gradient within the bed proceeding from more porous to less porous in a direction opposite to the flow of fluid so that filtration proceeds in a direction from a more porous to a less porous filter bed. Larger particles are removed by the more porous media and successively smaller particles are removed as the filter bed becomes less porous. The system is capable of reducing the turbidity of influent municipal wastewater from about 8 NTU to about 2 NTU at a wastewater flow rate of from about 820 to 1230 L/m2·min (20 to 30 gal/ft2·min), at a bed compression ration of from about 15 to 40 percent, and at a backwash rate of from about 1 to 6 percent based on the total wastewater passing through the filter.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a fixed bed ion exchange water purification system. It employs a combination of electronically controlled process steps and specific systems configurations to duplicate the effects of moving resin beds from one operating position to another as is required in moving bed ion exchange water purification systems. The invention combines features of single fixed bed ion exchange systems with those of a moving bed system. The invention applies to the treatment of water having typical industrial and drinking water concentrations of various ions.

Abstract: A water softening system and process for softening water on an as needed basis is disclosed. The system and process softens water without the addition of a substitute metal exchange cation.

Abstract: A water treatment system includes a tank that contains a particle bed for removing minerals from water flowing through the tank. The regeneration of the particle bed is conducted in response to measuring its conductivity. A probe is provided for that measuring. That probe has a sleeve with a tubular portion for extending through and engaging a wall of the tank. A probe body is removably received within an aperture of the sleeve and includes a pair of electrodes that project inside the tank. A retainer that secures the probe body within the sleeve. Different mechanisms are provided for securing the sleeve to the tank depending upon the particular materials used to fabricate the tank.

Abstract: A water treatment system which includes a control valve with a venturi for drawing air into a tank. The passage of untreated water into the control valve draws air into a tank for oxidation of the water. The flow of the air into the tank is independent of the flow of treated water from the system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water softener capable of producing soft water at various temperatures and facilitating the regeneration of an ion exchange resin thereof. The water softener includes a water softening tank in which an internal region containing therein the ion exchange resin is partitioned into a plurality of water softening regions which are individually assigned into a predetermined temperature; a regeneration tank integrated with the water softening tank into a single body and containing the regeneration material of the ion exchange resin; a cold/hot control valve to supply raw water to a selected one of the plurality of water softening regions according to the temperature of the raw water to rapidly supply the soft water at a desired temperature to a user; and a regeneration valve to facilitate the periodic regeneration of the ion exchange resin through a simple manual operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for selectively removing metal ions of interest from a solution (12), such as the wastewater from a chemical mechanical polishing process. The method comprises contacting a solution (12) containing solid particles, an oxidizing agent and a first concentration of the metal ions with an ion-exchange resin (20), such as a crosslinked poly-4-vinylpyridine resin, that is resistant to damage by the oxidizing agent and that is operative when in contact with the solution (12) to exchange selected ones of the metal ions in the solution for selected preferred ions in the ion-exchange resin thereby to produce a treated solution (22) having a second concentration of the metal ions that is lower than the first concentration. The present invention also relates to an apparatus (100) and system (500) for use with the method of the present invention.

Abstract: A process for continuous countercurrent ion exchange comprises piping a contaminated feed stream into a closed loop ion exchange contactor. The contactor is an ion exchange bed that has three or more reaction segments. The segments are comprised of at least an adsorption segment for treating the contaminated feed stream, a regeneration segment for stripping the contaminant ions from the resin bed, and a pulse segment for advancing the resin bed. Simultaneously, the feed stream is moved through the contactor in the same direction as the regeneration stream. Measuring the quality of this treated feed stream after it exits the contactor monitors the treatment capacity of the resin bed. In response to this quality measurement, the regenerated resin bed is advanced in the pulse segment of the contactor. The spent brine is recycled back to the contactor until the final effluent brine is highly concentrated. After the resin stops advancing, the feed stream and regeneration stream resume flow.

Abstract: A cleansing tank 38 and a screw conveyor 32 are removably mounted to a mounting opening 22 of a filtration tank 2. When the cleansing tank 38 and the screw conveyor 32 are to be removed, they can be extracted to the exterior of the filtration tank 2, by detaching a base 28, which axially supports the screw conveyor 32, from a rim 24. Purified water is backwashed through a purified water discharge pipe 60 when the cleansing tank 38 and the screw conveyor 32 are extracted and inserted through the mounting opening 22. This causes filtration media 14 to float, thereby reducing the resistance thereof.

Abstract: A filtration installation for a swimming pool (2) comprising a filter vessel (4) containing a filter bed (5), an inlet pipe (6) extending between the pool and the filter vessel, a return pipe (8) extending between the filter vessel and the pool, a reversible pump (9) enabling to generate, in a backwashing state, an upward flow of water through the filter bed, and a drain pipe (11) arranged for removing the water pumped by the pump in its backwashing state through the filter bed. In order to reduce the required controls of the installation and to make it easier for unskilled persons to maintain it, the upper portion (12) of the filter vessel is in liquid communication through the inlet pipe (6) with the water in the pool and the inlet pipe is provided with a one-way valve (10).

Abstract: A method for treating a fluid by providing a raw fluid to a process tank. The raw fluid may be water having varying degrees of contamination or another type of fluid. The method further consists of adding an ion exchange resin to the process tank to form a raw fluid/ion exchange resin mixture. After the fluid has been sufficiently contacted with the ion exchange resin, treated fluid is removed from the process tank through a membrane filter located within the process tank. The method is completed by regenerating the ion exchange resin within the same process tank.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for the removal and destruction of ammonia from an aqueous medium. The methods and apparatuses include the removal of ammonia from an aqueous medium by contact with either natural or synthetic zeolite. The spent zeolite is re-generated for continuous use, while the ammonia is concentrated as ammonium sulfate, and ultimately destroyed via combustion. A system for monitoring and maintaining an ammonia removal system by an off-site provider is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a filter underdrain for supporting a filter media between at least two dividers forming at least one cell, which includes at least one porous plate for supporting the filter media for filtering a fluid, the porous plate spanning across at least one of the dividers; and a plurality of support members beneath the porous plate, the support members containing at least one port for draining the fluid after the fluid passes through the porous plate. The porous plates may be bound together by a lap joint and an end section may be included between at least two of the support members, the end section containing at least one pocket for holding the porous plate.

Abstract: A process for preparing an ion-exchangeable media within a moving-bed or simulated moving-bed device, which can create a true or simulated media flow, comprising the steps of packing the bed with ion-exchangeable media and passing a solution, containing a mixture of ionic species, through the media, wherein the solution is passed partly or completely counter-current to the media flow direction such that the ionic species are loaded to a desired level upon equilibration.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating heavy isotopes of hydrogen from contaminated water. The apparatus includes a treatment chamber with an elongated hollow core fiber (HCF) extending within the chamber. A reservoir holds contaminated water mixed with beads formed of an exchange resin, the mixture of contaminated water and beads forming a flowable slurry. The slurry is continuously circulated through the hollow core fiber and the reservoir preferably by a pulsating peristaltic pump. The beads absorb a portion of the heavy isotopes from the slurry by exchange with waters of hydration of the beads while the hollow core fiber allows permeation of only light water from said slurry outwardly through the HCF wall as a permeate.

Abstract: The SSF/x slow sand filter for use in treating drinking water for homes or rural villages with features providing simpler on-site assembly, preset maximum flow, easy monitoring of pressure head loss, protection of piping, and a harrowing system for cleaning. The filter employs a novel hydraulic scheme which places most pipe and plumbing within the filter vessel. The filter employs a novel device that combines flow control, pressure measurement, freeze protection, and anti-siphon features. This in combination with a relatively shallow supernatant level provides for consistent reliable operation, easy maintenance, and reasonably long filter runs as deemed very desirable in remote rural locations.

Abstract: A water treatment device for purifying process water by filtration comprising a housing containing a filter media, having a bottom gravel bed and an upper silica bed, and a fluidizer for backwashing the filter media. Process water is tangentially introduced and caused to swirl in the housing above a filter media, before passing downwards through silica and gravel beds. The swirling increases the through capacity of the treatment device and reduces the amount of particles that would otherwise become imbedded in the filter media. Backwashing is accomplished by forcing fluid, through first and second components of the fluidizer, into the filter media. The first component is a channel formed in the manifold which provides backwash fluid to the bottom of the gravel bed. The second component provides backwash fluid at the gravel bed—silica bed interface by a series of radially spaced fluidizer arms.

Abstract: A package plant for treating raw water to yield potable water. The package plant includes an inlet for raw water, followed by an ozonator for disinfecting the water. Next is provided an up flow roughing filter including a chemically active layer, on top. A slow sand filter follows, which is sized and shaped to promote growth of a biomass for water purification. The up flow roughing filter removes particulates, contributes to the removal of dissolved organics, and protects the slow sand biomass by removing disinfection residuals. In another aspect a method of maintaining the plant is provided, including washing the up flow roughing filter by draining water down through it, providing a vigorous up flow to agitate the top layer, and then washing the slow sand filter.

Abstract: A transportable water treatment system comprising: an inlet adapted to receive water having a pressure of between 10 to 60 psig, a primary regenerable filter connected so as to receive water that has flown through the inlet, the primary regenerable filter configured to separate solids from water flowing therethrough, a secondary regenerable filter, the secondary regenerable filter connected downstream from the primary regenerable filter, and a chemical feed unit connected downstream of said secondary regenerable filter, the chemical feed unit configured to treat water flowing through introduction of chemicals to the water, a water discharge pipe adapted to discharge treated water from the chemical feed unit, where said inlet, the primary regenerable filter, the secondary regenerable filter, the chemical feed unit, and the discharge pipe make up a transportable water treatment and the transportable water treatment is adapted to fit within a bed of a sub-compact pickup truck.

Abstract: Sampling pipes 21 and 22 are inserted, separated from outlet openings, into first and second water softeners 4 and 11. Raw water flows through first water softener 4, and raw water does not flow through second water softener 11. Once the hardness component concentration of the treatment water sampled by sampling pipe 21 reaches a specified concentration, the watercourse selection of valves 2 and 6 and valves 9 and 13 are switched, causing raw water to flow through second water softener 11. First water softener 4 is regenerated by salt water from a salt water chamber 14. The resulting water softening device prevents the leaking of hardness components, even with there is a fluctuation in the water quality of the raw water or when there is performance deterioration in the ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Apparatus, materials, and methods for removing ammonia from fluid using metal hydroxides (e.g. zinc hydroxide) and metal cation loaded media (e.g. zinc loaded ion exchange resins); the metal hydroxides and metal cation loaded media may be regenerated with a weak acid (pKa between 3 and 7). Alternatively, ammonia is removed from fluids by using H2SO4 and ZnSO4 and metal cation loaded media; the metal cation loaded media may be regenerated with H2SO4 and ZnSO4; the ammonia containing H2SO4 and H2SO4 may be concentrated as necessary to form (NH4)2SO4.ZnSO4.6H2O (ammonium zinc sulfate hexahydrate) crystals. These crystals are removed from the mother liquor and heated to temperatures exceeding 200° C. releasing NH3 and H2O vapor upon the decomposition of the crystals.

Abstract: A spiral flow is generated in an outermost surface of a filter layer 103a formed of floating filter media 103 housed inside a filtration tube 102. This spiral flow can carry out filtration of the wastewater while scraping off floating filter media 103 forming the outermost surface of the filter layer 103a. This spiral flow can also be generated by discharging the wastewater inside the filtration tube in a direction following an inner wall thereof. Moreover, the tornado flow can also be generated by sucking this spiral flow downward to obtain an even more effective prevention of the clogging of the filter layer 103a.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acoustically enhanced particle separation uses a chamber through which flows a fluid containing particles to be separated. A porous medium is disposed within the chamber. A transducer mounted on one wall of the chamber is powered to impose on the porous medium an acoustic field that is resonant to the chamber when filled with the fluid. Under the influence of the resonant acoustic field, the porous medium is able to trap particles substantially smaller than the average pore size of the medium. When the acoustic field is deactivated, the flowing fluid flushes the trapped particles from the porous medium and regenerates the medium. A collection circuit for harvesting the particles flushed from the porous medium is disclosed. Aluminum mesh, polyester foam, and unconsolidated glass beads are disclosed as porous media.

Abstract: An airtight sampling apparatus for effectively and accurately sampling a waste solution including volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from a main waste solution conduit having a first pressure P1, is provided.

Abstract: A water softening apparatus (10) comprises a regeneration tank (12) and a brine tank (14). An ion exchange resin (26) is located within the regeneration tank (12) and salt (38) is located within the brine tank (14). Water mixes with the salt (38) in the brine tank (14) to form a brine solution. A tube (56) is connected with the brine tank (14) and receives a flow of brine solution from the brine tank (14). A sensor (86) is mounted in the tube (56) for sensing the conductivity of the brine solution as the brine solution flows through the tube (56). The sensor (86) generates a signal indicative of the conductivity of the brine solution. The conductivity of the brine solution is indicative of an amount of salt in the brine solution.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus comprising a container that houses a filtration tank to which contaminated water is supplied, a cleansing tank, and a screw conveyor disposed within said cleansing tank is provided. Filtration media is housed within the cleansing tank and the container. The cleansing tank has lateral surface openings, lower openings, and an upper opening. When the screw conveyor rotates, filtration media as well as water (contaminated water) is conveyed upward from the lower openings to the upper opening while being agitated. At the same time, filtration media circulates between the cleansing tank and the container and is cleansed. When cleansing is complete, a backwash water supply pump backwashes water, and expels contaminants separated and removed from the filtration media out of the container by an expulsion pump. Lateral surface doors close lateral surface openings by drive means only during cleansing (agitation). This structure increases the filtration area.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus includes a tank having an upper chamber and a lower baffle, layers of stone and carbon between the upper chamber and the lower baffle, a water inlet to the upper chamber, and a water outlet below the lower baffle. The upper chamber is divided by a vertical baffle which separates the water inlet from a backwash outlet. A backwash inlet is provided below the lower baffle. An air manifold coupled to an air pump is placed between the lower baffle and the upper chamber. During backwash, air is mixed with water to cause a turbulent flow. The baffle in the upper chamber prevents filter media from exiting the apparatus during backwash.

Abstract: A continuous water treatment system comprising at least two stationary cylindrical vessels, wherein each vessel contains an ion exchange resin, and each vessel has at each end a flat head and a fractal liquid distributor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for regenerating an ion exchange cartridge. In household appliances with an electric heating element for heating water, such as irons, coffee makers, and electric water kettles, deposition of scale is prevented by using an ion exchange cartridge (16) comprising a resin (23) which binds alkaline earth metal ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, but also negative ions such as SO42− and CO32− ions. The device is a simple tool in which the cartridge can be inserted for regeneration. The device comprises a reservoir (2) with an outlet (10) to which an inlet (6) of the cartridge can be coupled. By filling the reservoir with a brine, for example 1 l of water with 10% by weight of NaCl, said brine will flow through the cartridge replacing the alkaline earth metal ions, carbonate ions, and sulfate ions in the resin with the alkali metal ions (Na+) and the chloride ions (Cl−) of the brine. The brine can be easily drained into a sink.

Abstract: A continuous Liquid-Solids Circulating Fluidized Bed (LSCFB) preferably for use as an ion exchanger consists of two fluidized bed columns, a fluidized bed adsorber (downer) operating in conventional fluidized bed mode for adsorption of ions of interest and a fluidized bed riser for desorption of ions (operating as a riser fluidized bed) to provide regenerated particles. Ion exchange particles circulate continuously between the riser and the downer i.e. the particles that have adsorbed ions in the absorber pass from the adsorber (downer) to the desorber where they are regenerated and the so regenerated particles are return to the adsorber near the top of the adsorber column. The LSCFB can be used in processes for continuous recovery of the ions of interest.

Abstract: A method of treating a nitrogen compound-containing water, and an apparatus of treating a nitrogen compound-containing water realize such a method and an apparatus of treating nitrogen in a waste water at a high speed without using an unstable biological treatment; the nitrogen being a substance causing eutrophication in lakes and swamps. The waste water containing nitrogen is introduced into an adsorbing tank that is filled with zeolite, only nitrogen components are adsorbed to the zeolite, a solution containing hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid is introduced into the adsorbing tank, and the nitrogen adsorbed to the zeolite is decomposed by the hypochlorous acid or the hypobromous acid.

Abstract: Water purifier using membranes, ion exchange resins and electricity to remove ionic, organic and suspended impurities from water to produce high quality, pure water. Supply water is pre-treated by directing it first into a sediment pre-filter module, a softener module and a sediment removal and dechlorination module. The pre-treated water is supplied to a reverse osmosis module which separates the water into two streams (a purified water stream and a concentrate stream) by collecting fluids from both sides of pressurized membranes. The purified water is passed to an electrodeionization module which further purifies the water and directs the water to an ultraviolet sterilization module. The concentrate stream is divided into a recycle stream which is passed to the inlet of the reverse osmosis module and a waste concentrate stream which flows to an outlet of the machine. A control method for the water purifier is also disclosed.

Abstract: A compact, rapid upflow deep media filter for removing suspended solids from a liquid flow, which includes: a filter casing having a liquid inlet port, a liquid outlet port, and a filter bed composed of a volume of granular filter media and located between the inlet port and the outlet port; and a screen, selectably movable between a first operative position and a second operative position within the filter casing, whereat in the first operative position the screen maintains the filter bed in a packed state so as to permit filtration therethrough of a liquid flow from the inlet port to the outlet port, and whereat in the second operative position the screen does not maintain the filter bed in a packed state such that in the presence of a liquid flow from the inlet port to the outlet port the volume of filter media expands so as to enable separation therefrom of suspended solids accumulated during filtration of the liquid flow therethrough.

Abstract: An airtight sampling apparatus for effectively and accurately sampling a waste solution including volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from a main waste solution conduit having a first pressure P1, is provided.

Abstract: A regeneration valve 131 is adapted for automatic activation of ion exchange resin in a water softener. The regeneration valve includes a switching valve 1, a control valve 32, a water injection valve 54, a cam mechanism (FIG. 13) and a timer mechanism which are compactly integrated in a single valve assembly. The timer mechanism includes a timer motor 80 provided with a switching gear adapted to be switched between 50 Hz and 60 Hz (FIGS. 16, 17). The ion exchange resin layer within the resin reservoir 2 can be uniformly activated so that the regeneration process can be achieved at a high efficiency.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system capable of purifying water to a laboratory grade level that uses redox media, high energy catalytic activated carbon, ultraviolet radiation and high purity ion exchange media in series filtration. The system produces purified water having a specific resistance of at least 18.2 megohm·cm at 25° C. with low organic carbon content. The system is designed to be fabricated on a sufficiently small scale to fit on a lab bench top.

Abstract: A septic system and method for the removal of nitrogen contaminants, such as nitrates and ammonia, from a wastewater effluent. The system comprises one or more zeolite tanks which contain a regenerable, granulated zeolite material to receive wastewater effluent from a septic tank and to capture the nitrogen contaminants to provide a treated, decontaminated effluent to flow out of the tank into a leach field. The system includes a secondary treatment.tank to reduce suspended solids and the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater effluent prior to introduction into the zeolite tank. The system also includes an ion sensor to monitor the ammonium ion concentration in the system and to signal the need to regenerate the zeolite tank with saline water.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating the heavy hydrogen isotope content of the contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with a molecular separation material including a support medium carrying a plurality of hydration sites having associated waters of hydration, whereby a portion of the waters of hydration are replaced with heavy hydrogen isotope water molecules from the contaminated water. The hydrogen isotope water molecule content of the contaminated water is thus decreased. The molecular separation material is preferably a polymer, such as a polystyrene/divinyl benzene cross-linked polymer, having hydration sites with associated waters of hydration. Preferred hydration sites are obtained by reacting the polymer, which has been sulfonated or phosphonated to create reactive sites, with a salt of, for example, aluminum, sodium, magnesium, copper, zinc, cobalt, iron, nickel, manganese, potassium and chromium.

Abstract: A valve for use in a fluid treatment system for control the flow of fluid between a source and a treatment media disposed in a treatment chamber has a housing having an inlet, and outlet and a passageway in fluid communication between the inlet and outlet. The tank also has a sealing member configured to reciprocate in the housing between a first position and a second position. The housing also has a containment chamber for retaining the sealing member in the first position out of the flow of fluid in the passageway.

Abstract: Catalyst particles are separated from the wax in a reactor slurry reactor by feeding a portion of the slurry to a dynamic settler. Heavier catalyst particles settle and are removed as the slurry at the bottom of the settler is recycled back to the reactor. Clarified wax is removed at the top of the settler. A multi-channel baffle prevents turbulence, improving retention of the desired heavier catalyst particles.

Abstract: An improved apparatus useful in a process for separating a liquid stream (which can be an HF catalyst mixture) having a first liquid component (which can be HF), a second liquid component (which can be light ASO) and a third liquid component (which can be heavy ASO) is disclosed. The apparatus includes a closed vessel including an upper portion, a lower portion, and an intermediate portion, and above a bottom tray contained therein having a downcomer extending downwardly therefrom. The apparatus also includes a conduit located within the downcomer and opening below the level of the bottom tray.

Abstract: Regeneration of water treatment media is disclosed which includes a water treatment unit having one or more media therein, and which upon initiation of flow of the water, imparts turbulence and abrasion to the treatment medium to automatically cleanse the medium of light solid contaminants, as well as contaminant coatings on the media. This greatly improves the operation of the media and extends its life. In addition, the water treatment unit disclosed may simply be rotated through any one of a number of positions between service, backwash, flush, off, and/or bypass operational modes for further regeneration of the treatment media.

Abstract: A water treatment system including a pair of water treatment tanks, each tank defining a flow path extending from a tank inlet to a tank outlet and containing a water treatment material disposed along the flow path for removing sulfur or H2S from the water. A system controller controls the frequency of regeneration of an exhausted tank as well as the regeneration cycle. The system includes a regenerant reservoir containing 5.25% sodium hypochloride which is generally available as household bleach. During a regeneration cycle, the bleach is drawn through a restrictor preferably in the form of a capillary tube that forms part of a draw tube assembly.

Abstract: A highly versatile drive arrangement that drives a linearly reciprocating piston of a water conditioning unit control valve without imparting any significant side loads on the support structure for the piston's drive rod or the associated seals. The drive arrangement includes a reversible electric motor and a motion converter, such as a lead screw arrangement, that converts the rotary motion of the electric motor's pinion or other output element to reciprocating linear motion of the piston. The reversible motor can be controlled, based on signals from a motion monitor such as an encoder, to drive the piston to any desired position within the piston upon command. This, in turn, permits the operation of the water conditioning unit to be optimized for prevailing conditions and permits the control valve's operation to be altered if, e.g., the piston becomes stuck or encounters an obstruction.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a fixed bed ion exchange water purification system. It employs a combination of electronically controlled process steps and specific systems configurations to duplicate the effects of moving resin beds from one operating position to another as is required in moving bed ion exchange water purification systems. The invention combines features of single fixed bed ion exchange systems with those of a moving bed system. The invention applies to the treatment of water having typical industrial and drinking water concentrations of various ions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regenerating mixed bed demineralizers are disclosed in this invention. Ion exchange resins are separated in a separation vessel and are separately regenerated in a regeneration vessel. No inert resins are required for separation. Fluid purification and resin regeneration may occur simultaneously, without the use of additional storage tanks or vessels.