Abstract: An system for treating livestock wastewater to provide treated water suitable for exposure to livestock and crop irrigation. The system provides an anoxic culture, an anaerobic culture, and an aerobic culture, to which wastewater is exposed sequentially. Also provided is return of water from the aerobic culture to the anoxic culture for further treatment. The aerobic culture may be provided such that conditions cycle from aerobic to anoxic. Clarified, treated water results, wherein the resulting water is suitable for exposure to livestock, such as for flushing livestock waste. The resulting water is also suitable for crop irrigation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the treatment of contaminated water by biodegradation is provided. In particular, the apparatus and method are suited for the biodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) such as trichloroethylene and related compounds or benzene and related compounds. The process employs an immobilized soil bioreactor (ISBR) having a headspace re-circulation system.

Abstract: A process for treating effluents loaded with organic material, particularly wine-making effluents essential in the form of wash water, comprises pouring the effluents to be treated into a storage basin (1) and actuating a recirculation circuit (2) between this latter and an oxygenation reactor (3) for the effluents, actuating a superoxygenation device (4) when the volume of effluents stored is too great to avoid passing into anaerobic phase, then stopping the superoxygenation and maintaining the recirculation at a minimum level avoiding the passage into anoxia of the effluents, when these latter fulfill certain minimum pollution conditions. The effluents are poured over at least one purification body (5) and the purified effluents are withdrawn, until there is substantially nothing left but residual decantation sludges more or less mineralized, in the storage basin (1). These latter are treated to delay the organic components present and to lead to a substantially inert mineralized sludge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regulation of aeration in a biological filter of the type comprising conveyance means (3) bringing water to be filtered into the lower part of the filter, a filter bed (2) acting as a support to the biomass, means of distributing an oxygenated gas (5, 5a) in the filter bed (2), a layer of filtered water (7) above the said filter bed, a nozzle for (4) of discharging the filtered water in the upper part of the filter, characterized in that it consists of taking account of the efficiency Ct with which the biomass uses the distributed oxygen to regulate the said distributed oxygenated gas flow and/or its concentration in molecular oxygen, in order to optimize the quantity of molecular oxygen distributed by the said distribution means.

Abstract: A system for the treatment of waste water including hydrocarbons and of a high biological oxygen demand. Preferably, the system includes a portable platform suitable for transport from site to site. A reaction vessel defining a substantially vertically oriented flow path therethrough for flowable waste water is mounted with its lower portion within and surrounded by a collection basin which receives waste water for treatment and recycling via trickling down through a biomass disposed on packing material within the reaction vessel. Simultaneously with the trickle down of the waste water, ambient air is forced upwardly countercurrent to the flow of the waste water to provide oxygen to the biomass, to enhance the flow of waste water over the biomass, and to sweep gaseous products from the reaction vessel. Optionally, oxygen is introduced into the collection basin to enhance biodegradation reactions within the collection basin. The system may be operated in either batch mode or continuously.

Abstract: A process is described for the aerobic treatment of effluent in a reactor of the UASB type, into the bottom of which the effluent to be treated is fed and, at the same time, oxygen is fed in an amount such that the growth of a facultative and an aerobic biomass is promoted. An apparatus for the aerobic treatment of effluent is also described, which apparatus consists of a UASB rector, distributors for supplying liquid and aeration means being located at the bottom of the reactor and means for integrated settling of biomass and gas collection being located at the top of the reactor. The apparatus can also be an integrated anaerobic/aerobic reactor.

Abstract: A method of treating wastewater including: biologically treating wastewater under pressure; then reducing the pressure and substantially removing solids by dissolved gas flotation at the reduced pressure.

Abstract: An on-board treatment device and method for use on watercraft and other mobile vessels are provided. The system includes a treatment tank which is connected to the head and a bioreactor and a feed pump which are connected to the treatment tank. A macerator pump breaks up solids in the wastewater before the wastewater enters the treatment tank. During a treatment cycle, a head valve prevents any further flow of wastewater from the head into the treatment tank. Also during a treatment cycle, a bioreactor 3-way valve will be set so that the feed pump will flow wastewater from the tank, through the bioreactor, and back into the treatment tank. The bioreactor will include microorganisms which are adapted to the treatment of human waste. When the wastewater has been sufficiently treated, the feed pump will be turned off so that solids in the wastewater can settle out.

Abstract: Biological processes for treating wastewater include the conventional activated sludge process, which has continuous flow in and out of each treatment cell, and the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, which operates on a batch fill and draw basis. The first process operates at a constant level and requires the use of dedicated, relatively expensive external clarifiers to settle mixed liquor suspended solids and recycle activated sludge. The second process does not use separate clarifiers because treatment and settling of mixed liquor suspended solids is accomplished in a single basin, but has a variable level operation and resulting inefficient use of the treatment volume. This substantially constant level biological wastewater treatment process and system enables efficient treatment of wastewater, combining the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages of both SBR and activated sludge processes.

Abstract: Method for sewage water treatment using suspended activated sludge where sewage water is supplied to the equalizing tank being then re-pumped to the activation tank from which is supplied to the post-sedimentation tank after the clearing process and from here, after the remaining sludge sedimentation, to the drainage. The activation process is automatically interrupted after a drop of the sewage water level in the equalizing tank below the minimum level setting and the excessive sludge is then pumped off from the activation tank. The sludge re-pumping is interrupted and the activation process restored owing to the subsequent raising of the sewage water level in excess of the operation level setting.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system substantially reduces wastewater treatment time and increases treatment capacity. The system includes at least one completely covered aerobic reactor cell and a completely covered quiescent anaerobic reactor cell. The system can also include a polishing reactor for further treating wastewater after treatment by the anaerobic reactor cell. The covered aerobic reactor cell preferably includes a pair of subcells in which a first cell includes continuous mixing and aeration of the wastewater and the second cell includes only intermittent mixing and aeration of the treated wastewater. The sytem optionally includes a completely covered anoxic reactor cell for treating wastewater prior to treatment by the completely covered aerobic reactor cell. The anoxic reactor cell receives partially treated wastewater recirculated from the polishing reactor.

Abstract: Recycling apparatus for use in a closed-loop waste-treatment system includes components for removal of inert materials. Typically, the system includes a treatment vessel used in conjunction with a clarifier in an internal recycle configuration; clear water from the top of the clarifier is conducted away from the system as treated effluent, while a portion of the biomass settling at the bottom of the clarifier is returned to the head of the treatment vessel through a hydrocyclone and screen arrangement to remove inert content, thereby substantially increasing the efficiency of biological waste-digestion processes.

Abstract: A method for treating waste water which comprises passing the water through a series of steps including sequentially passing the water through an aeration step, and then a plurality of treatment cells wherein each treatment cell comprises a trickle filter cell. The waste water is subsequently subjected to a denitrification step and to a dephosphorization step. It is then passed through a trickle filter cell and optionally may be treated by passing through a cell wherein the waste water is in contact with peat moss.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a sewage treatment system and method for treating sewage by microbes. The system includes and the method uses a settling tank with residual activated sludge and mixed liquor and an activated biofilm filter. Incoming sewage into the settling tank forms a settling tank liquor mixed liquor. Increments of the settling tank liquor mixed liquor are treated in the activated biofilm filter and returned to the settling tank where the treated mixed liquor improves the quality of the settling tank liquor mixed liquor in the settling tank. The process of treating and returning incremental quantities of the settling tank liquor mixed liquor continues over a Predetermined period of time after which the sewage is fully treated.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment apparatus is provided which includes at least an aeration chamber and a clarification chamber having a common wall therebetween, a transfer port opening through the common wall between a lower portion of the clarification chamber and the aeration chamber, an aerator mechanism in the aeration chamber for creating wastewater flow currents which flow through an inlet portion of a flow augmenting device located in the common wall above the transfer port. The flow augmenting device is a conduit or pipe having a discharge outlet adjacent the lower portion of the clarification chamber through which exits the flow from the aeration chamber resulting in solid particles being agitated and returned from the clarification chamber lower portion into the aeration chamber through the transfer port.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided that are useful in a process for treating organic wastewater for the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. The apparatus includes an anoxic zone, an oxic zone, and an anaerobic treatment zone, each having therein microorganisms that are operable to affect biological denitrification, BOD oxidation, luxury-uptake of phosphorus and formation of nitrates.

Abstract: Controlling a fermentation plant working with a horizontal fermentor which operates per the regenerative flow process is particularly difficult, if there is a high proportion of dry substance. Biogenic decomposition in the fermentor was thus far influenced merely by recycling a portion of the ferment from the outlet to the fermentor entrance. According to the invention, the process of control is enhanced by the measurement of the pH and the dry substance portion at various points in the fermentor and controlling the fermentor on the basis of these measurements in such a way that the measurement data lie within certain established ranges. It is additionally possible, moreover, to adjust the pH and the portion of dry substance in the fermentor by the introduction of press water laden with methanobacteria from the ferment at inoculation points in the fermentor.

Abstract: A starting mixture of liquid and solid organic wastes that is susceptible to at least partial microbiological degradation, with formation of biogas, is treated by the following process. The mixture is mechanically separated into a first sludge phase with enriched dry substance and a first liquid phase containing dilute solids. The first liquid phase is subjected to anaerobic treatment leading to formation of biogas and to the development of a second sludge phase and a second liquid phase. The first sludge phase is subjected to aerobic treatment resulting in the formation of compost, fertilizer, or feed. At least part of the second sludge phase is recirculated into the starting mixture, thereby causing the formation of biogas in the starting mixture and facilitating decomposition of higher compounds contained in the starting mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a treatment facility comprising a fluid bed reactor including a reactor tank containing a bed of particles which function as a carrier for growth of biological material, the reactor tank having an inlet and an outlet, the reactor further including structure for conducting liquid to be treated, from the reactor tank inlet, upwardly through the bed of particles at a rate conducive to fluidization of the bed of particles; an equalization surge tank for housing liquid to be treated in the fluid bed reactor, the equalization surge tank having an inlet, and an outlet; conduit structure for supplying liquid from the outlet of the equalization surge tank to the inlet of the fluid bed reactor; and structure for supplying an oxidant into the equalization surge tank, in such a manner that stripping of volatile constituents is avoided, for oxidizing iron in the liquid in the equalization surge tank.

Abstract: A method for treatment of a liquid waste stream having an undesirably high COD and comprising water and a concentration of organic nitrogen compounds of at least about 300 mg/l total kjedahl nitrogen is disclosed. According to the method, the liquid waste stream is oxygenated to produce an oxygenated liquid containing water, dissolved oxygen and the organic nitrogen compounds and the oxygenated liquid is passed through a fluidized bed reactor containing a fluidized bed of particulate solids supporting microorganisms capable of biodegrading the organic nitrogen compounds, thereby to subject the organic nitrogen compounds in the oxygenated liquid to aerobic microbial degradation and to produce an effluent containing water, ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the fluidized bed reactor contents and the effluent is maintained at a pH in the range of from about 6 to about 8.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus for removing potentially combustible substances from water includes a biological fluid bed reactor that is supplied by a first conduit with contaminated water and that treats this water, under aerobic conditions, before discharging it as treated effluent containing a significantly reduced concentration of contaminants. The liquid treatment apparatus also includes a gas dissolution apparatus for providing dissolved oxygen to the contaminated water flowing through the first conduit to sustain biological action in the reactor. The gas dissolution apparatus includes an oxygenator including a pressurized bubble contactor disposed in a recycle conduit connected between the outlet of the reactor and the first conduit.

Abstract: Waste water is disposed in a flocculation mixing tank 1, an anaerobic tank 2 and an aerobic tank 3 connected in series. First, a dephosphorization flocculating agent and, if necessary, a polymeric flocculating agent are added to waste water in order to produce and grow phosphorus-containing flocs therein. Then, to the water is added a recycling solution from an aerobic tank 3, said solution containing nitrates and nitrites. The mixture water is charged in an anaerobic tank 2 until microbially decomposable components (herein referred to BOD components), nitrates and nitrites are anaerobically and microbially decomposed and gas is produced. In the aerobic tank 3 is charged a supernatant solution from the anaerobic tank 2, said solution containing ammonium compound and BOD components, to nitrates, nitrites and CO.sub.2. At least a part of supernatant solution containing the nitrates and nitrites is recycled to the anaerobic tank 2. Solids discharged from the anaerobic tank 2 and the aerobic tank 3 are wasted.

Abstract: A method for eliminating used aqueous degreasing or cleaning solutions in a closed rinsing system where the contaminated solution with its impurities and other agents is rinsed off the surfaces of the cleaned goods and organic matter including tensides is degraded by microorganisms contained within the rinse system. Further, a method for cleaning goods is provided which comprises cleaning these goods in a cleaning or degreasing system (either conventional or biologically active) followed by rinsing them in a closed system wherein during the rinsing step the cleaning solution and impurities are rinsed off the surfaces of the goods and organic matter including tensides is degraded by microorganisms contained within the rinse system. Finally spent degreasing and cleaning solution can be fed into the rinse bath where organic matter, contained in the solution, is degraded by the microorganisms, thus reducing the liquid waste load.

Abstract: A method for treating water containing organic sulfur compounds comprises adjusting the pH value of the water in a pH adjustment tank, biologically treating the water in a biological treatment tank, adjusting the pH value of the water to be alkaline at any places in the biological treatment tank, maintaining the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water to 2 mg/L or higher at any places in the biological treatment tank, and supplying a part of the water to the pH adjustment tank for a further treatment. An apparatus for carrying out the above method is also provided.

Abstract: In the process, water, in which organic carbon, ammonium and nitrate are contained, is biologically purified. In a first reaction vessel (10) forming a denitrifying biofilm reactor the carbon is to a large extent eliminated under partly anoxic, partly aerobic conditions by the use of nitrate-containing oxygen, and molecular oxygen respectively. In a second, ventilated reaction vessel (20) the ammonium is converted at least partially by nitric bacteria into nitrates. Water containing nitrates is recirculated from the second into the first reaction vessel. In the first reaction vessel the water to be treated is conveyed from the top to the bottom via a flooded fixed bed. To supplement a deficiency in nitrate-containing oxygen in the elimination of carbon the fixed bed is ventilated in the base region with a gas which contains a metered amount of molecular oxygen. The process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the purification of waste water having a variable ammonium concentration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating wastewater utilizing a step feed return activated sludge process. The wastewater is directed via one or more step feed points through a mainstream process. The step feed point includes at least one aerobic zone and at least one anoxic zone, in repeating or alternating sequence. A portion of effluent from the one or more anoxic zones are fed through at least one anaerobic zone to which raw or pretreated wastewater is fed and returned to the upstream portion of the anoxic zone. Additionally, return activated sludge may be recycled to one or more of the anoxic zones.

Abstract: A vehicle refueling station has a water treatment system for the vehicle washing installation which utilizes mechanical flotation and an aerobic treatment of the flotage to minimize sewer discharge. The gas from the anaerobic treatment is used to fuel a thermal electric converter which can also be fueled by vapors from the fueling operation. The thermal energy can be used to heat the water for car washing or for space heating purposes. The electrical energy can drive the electrical equipment at the refueling station.

Abstract: A physical-biochemical process system and apparatus for removal of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other organics from contaminated groundwater or wastewater is described. This process system involves influent pumping groundwater or wastewater treatment by air stripping, biological oxidation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption in an enclosed gas stripping bioreactor, air purification by granular activated carbon contactor, and recycling of GAC-purified air for further groundwater or wastewater treatment. The bioreactor effluent is processed processed by a clarifier, a filter and a disinfection unit. The clarifier sludge is partially recycled to the bioreactor and partially wasted. The process system is cost-effective and eliminates the problem of secondary air contamination caused by conventional gas stripping tower and coventional biological treatment processes.

Abstract: The biochemical oxidation of two wastewater feeds, one containing at least ten times more ammonia nitrogen, and the other at least ten times more chlorinated hydrocarbons, than present in a conventional municipal wastewater stream were treated in an aerated packed bed bioreactor inoculated with microorganisms ("cells") especially cultured and acclimated to the task. Arbitrarily shaped pieces of numerous microporous synthetic resinous materials (familiarly referred to as "porous plastics") are discovered to provide not only an excellent packing for the bioreactor, but also a peculiar catalytic function not normally associated with a bio-support. Microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE foam) appears to be too inert to generate a high level of microbial activity for either feed which was tested, while microporous polyethylene appears to be exactly what the cells ordered.

Abstract: A method for treating water comprises:(a) connecting a plurality of tanks each capable of holding water in series such that water can be transferred along the series of tanks from a first tank to a last tank, wherein each of the tanks comprises a bottom and light-transmitting sides;(b) stocking the tanks with water and organisms for removing pollutants from the water,(c) inputting water containing pollutants to the first tank; and(d) outputting water from which said pollutants have been removed from the last tank.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for treating waste water in oxidations ponds, oxidation ditches, or other bodies of water in a waste water treatment facility to abate the malodors caused by the presence of volatile contaminants. In the process, a water stream is withdrawn from the body of waste water and contacted with an air stream in an air-water contact apparatus. The water stream is thereby aerated and stripped of potentially odor causing volatile contaminants and an off-gas stream is produced containing the stripped volatile contaminants. At least a portion of the aerated and stripped water stream is returned to the body of waste water to inhibit anaerobic decomposition of organic impurities.

Abstract: A process for the biological purification of sewage is specified, with which sewage (AW), containing dissolved pollutants, and air (LT) are fed together to a reactor (1) via at least two mutually separate nozzles (3, 4). To achieve a high substance exchange in the reactor (1), the streams of the two-substance mixture emanating from the nozzles (3, 4) are conducted so that they make impact with each other in the said reactor in an impact zone (PZ). The sewage (AW) is passed from the reactor (1) into Pa settling tank (8), in which bio sludge settles.

Abstract: A method for the biodegradation of organic contaminants in a mass of particulate solids. The method comprises providing a contaminated mass of particulate solids on an impervious surface in fluid communication with an impervious recovery reservoir. The impervious surface has operating thereon air supply and/or air suction means to provide suitable and continuous oxygenation of the mass and/or to remove undesirable vapor emissions from the mass. The mass is periodically irrigated by applying on its surface a culture medium comprising at least one bacterial strain and co-substrates thereof. The bacterial strain has the ability to degrade the organic contaminants. The medium is drained through the mass and washings recovered in the reservoir to be reused to irrigate the mass.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system and method is disclosed, including a circular aeration basin and a contiguous annular clarifier channel. Rotational flow of an aerated mixture of untreated wastewater and return sludge is induced in the aeration basin at its periphery with relatively less turbulent flow at the center.A clarifier inlet is fluidly connected to the aeration basin through openings provided in the aeration basin wall, the clarifier inlet including means to dissipate turbulence.A sludge removal manifold extends within the clarifier having valve-controlled suction arms. The spaced suction arms provide for precise control of sludge blanket depth and sludge age independent of rate of sludge return to the basin.Process sludge withdrawn from the clarifier is mixed with raw wastewater and returned to the aeration basin.The relatively less-turbulent flow in the central area of the basin allows process sludge to accumulate in said central area.

Abstract: A modified activated sludge system is provided wherein wastewater is treated to reduce BOD, nitrogen, and/or phosphorus. The disclosed system features a zone sequence nitrification/denitrification, with nitrification induced by recycling mixed liquor that contains a significant concentration of oxygen and nitrifying bacteria. With a further modification, the main treatment zones of the treatment system are split into two or more parallel treatment trains that are either high-loaded with BOD or low-loaded with BOD. The high-loaded sections facilitate the sludge generation and BOD removal, while the low-loaded sections are operated for nitrification and to enhance the growth of nitrifying bacteria. The parallel treatment zones combine and pass into a final denitrification zone. Phosphorus removal is achieved with phosphate release in a reverse flow regime to the main treatment, and phosphate retention primarily in aerated treatment zones in the main stream of the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biological treatment of waste water using microorganisms whose living conditions are maintained by addition of oxygen into a contact path. An underwater support frame has a double-walled duct arranged as a contact path such that the duct is placed angularly towards a surface of the water. The duct is made for holding air bubbles to prevent the premature rise of the air bubbles added by an aerator providing air at the beginning of the contact path. The contact path has a suction point at an end which is connected via a fresh organism pipe with the aerator. A connection piece connects the aerator to a suction pipe at the beginning of the contact path. The other end of the suction pipe is connected to a flowing-in opening located at a distance from the aerator contrary to the flow direction, for supplying contaminated water to the aerator before the water actually reaches the contact path.

Abstract: A modified activated sludge system is provided wherein wastewater is treated to reduce BOD, nitrogen, and/or phosphorus. The disclosed system features a zone sequence nitrification/denitrification, with nitrification induced by recycling mixed liquor that contains a significant concentration of oxygen and nitrifying bacteria. With a further modification, the main treatment zones of the treatment system are split into two or more parallel treatment trains that are either high-loaded with BOD or low-loaded with BOD. The high-loaded sections facilitate the sludge generation and BOD removal, while the low-loaded sections are operated for nitrification and to enhance the growth of nitrifying bacteria. The parallel treatment zones combine and pass into a final denitrification zone. Phosphorus removal is achieved with phosphate release in a reverse flow regime to the main treatment, and phosphate retention primarily in aerated treatment zones in the main stream of the process.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment process 100 comprises passing wastewater through an anaerobic reaction zone 12 so that organic matter in the wastewater is subjected to anaerobic biological degradation. Wastewater from the anaerobic reaction zone is passed through an aerobic reaction zone 18 in which organic matter in the wastewater is subjected to aerobic biochemical breakdown. A wastewater side stream 30 is withdrawn downstream of the anaerobic reaction zone and upstream of the aerobic reaction zone, and passed through a facultative oxidation zone 32, 33, 34 wherein organic matter therein is subjected to aerobic biochemical breakdown. At least a portion of the side stream is passed directly to the aerobic reaction zone. Optionally, a portion of the side stream can be returned to the anaerobic reaction zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for destroying organic contaminants, such as trichloroethylene, in aqueous liquids, such as groundwater, utilizing steam stripping integrated with biodegradation. The contaminated aqueous liquid is fed into a steam stripper causing the volatilization of essentially all of the organic contaminants and a portion of the aqueous liquid. The majority of the aqueous liquid is discharged from the steam stripper. The volatilized vapors are then condensed to the liquid phase and introduced into a bioreactor. The bioreactor contains methanotrophic microorganisms which convert the organic contaminants into mainly carbon dioxide. The effluent from the bioreactor is then recycled back to the steam stripper for further processing.

Abstract: Conventional biological processes for treating wastewater include the so-called activated sludge process which is continuous and the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process. The first process requires the use of dedicated, relatively expensive external clarifiers, and the second process is inefficient in terms of treatment volume. A modified sequencing batch reactor process and system enable the efficient, continuous treatment of wastewater, combining the advantages of the SBR and activated sludge processes. Wastewater is treated in three contiguous treatment sections, each of which includes a plurality of contiguous cells. In a first series of operations, the flow direction is from the first to the third sections, and in a second series of operations the flow is reversed. In each series of operations, the first step is to aerobically treat the wastewater, and then allow the sludge to settle before discharging the treated wastewater from the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for biologically removing nitrogen from wastewater. Both the system and method entails forming a mixed liquor and transferring the mixed liquor to a series of nitrogen removal stages. Each nitrogen removal stage includes both anoxic and aerobic treatment zones. Mixed liquor is recycled back and forth between the anoxic and aerobic treatment zone of each stage. Because of this basic flow scheme, the process gives rise to a high reactor rate and highly efficient nitrogen removal process.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining transport characteristics across membranes and tissue sections comprises a plurality of cell blocks, where each cell block includes a pair of half-cells which hold the membrane or tissure section therebetween. A circulation path is provided in each half-cell block for exposing a fluid to one side of the membrane or tissue section. The cell blocks are maintained linearly within a base unit including a front plate and a back plate. The front and back plates are heated to maintain the cell blocks at a desired temperature.

Abstract: An improved gas dissolving and releasing liquid treatment system involving the use of multi-stages gas dissolving pressure vessel and the use of a pressurized water release assembly and an open vessel is described. The gas dissolving and releasing liquid treatment system includes a liquid pressure pump, a pressure vessel, a gas injector, an inlet nozzle assembly, a gas compressor, gas regulators, gas flow meters, pressure gauges, a safety valve, a bleed-off point, feeders, pumps, a pressurized water release unit, a liquid flow meter, an open vessel, sludge removal means, and air emission control means. More than one gases introduced at different inlets are dissolved simultaneously and efficiently in the pressure vessel under controlled high pressure and high rotating velocity. The improved liquid treatment system is compact, simple and cost-effective, and is applied to ozonation, chlorination, recarbonation, oxygenation, bio-oxidation, nitrogenation, aeration, and flotation processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nitrogen removal wastewater treatment process and system that entails an anoxic treatment zone followed by an oxic treatment zone with internal recycle of mixed liquor from the oxic treatment zone to the preceding anoxic treatment zone. Prior to recycling the nitrified mixed liquor back into the anoxic zone, the mixed liquor is held within a dissolved oxygen exhauster tank for a selected period of time where the dissolved oxygen concentration of the nitrified mixed liquor is substantially reduced to preferably below 0.5 ppm.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for treating liquor containing biodegradable wastes wherein the liquor is first delivered to a quiescent primary settling zone and then to an aeration zone. The aerated liquor is delivered downwardly through a column of submerged fixed media having a high surface area to volume ratio so that aerobic microorganisms can grow on their surface. The liquor is recirculated through the aeration zone and fixed media, and is withdrawn from the unit after treatment. A portion of the aerated liquor from the top of the fixed media is recycled back into the primary settling zone to denitrify the nitrate rich aerated liquor by deoxygenating the dissolved nitrates and to equalize the BOD load in the secondary aerobic treatment zone.

Abstract: Processes for the removal of nitrogen compounds from a supply of raw water are disclosed, including an initial denitrification step followed by aeration to release cell-bound nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions from the bacteria produced in the denitrification step without converting the ammonium ions into nitrate or nitrite ions, and precipitating the ammonium ions from the water to produce a substantially nitrogen free supply of water. The precipitation preferably includes treating the water with magnesium and phosphate ions to precipitate the ammonium ions in the form of struvite.

Abstract: A periodic multistage process which minimizes fugitive pollutant emissions has been developed for the removal and destruction of volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile organic contaminants from either water, wastewater, or spent granular activated carbon. This invention relates to methods, materials, and systems for treating these contaminants by a process and devices which uniquely combine granular activated carbon adsorption and desorption with biological treatment. The process and devices extend existing treatment systems by: (1) providing biofilm growth in a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor on gas permeable membrane which uses oxygen for the supply of the electron acceptor and other organics (e.g.

Abstract: There is described a process for the simultaneous chemical and biological elimination of solid and liquid waste and apparatus for performing this process in the form of a loop reactor corresponding to FIG. 1 in conjunction with a specially designed nozzle which ensures an intimate mixing of substrate with air and the spraying-in of oxidizing agents while permitting only a short contact time between the oxidizing agents and the substrate.

Abstract: A sequencing batch waste treatment facility with pretreatment mixing, blending and dilution and post-treatment recirculation wherein high biological oxygen demand (BOD) waste is treated and reduced to a BOD acceptable by the prevalent secondary, municipal-type waste treatment facility.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and process useful for the biological transformation of waste materials into ecologically desirable materials. A meta system reactor is disclosed comprising three primary zones which are cyclically and dynamically connected by a circulating fluid. In the process of the invention, each of a bioreactor zone, solids ecoreactor zone and georeactor zone further comprise secondary subsystems and are cyclically connected by a series of recycle flows and organism movements to bioconvert the contained materials. The converted materials produced can be desirable and ecologically beneficial end products comprising gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor; a biologically active and highly beneficial humus material; and clean water which may be passed through a final wetlands polishing and biomonitoring system before discharge into a natural receiving water.