Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid purification method which makes it possible to obtain a chemical liquid having excellent defect inhibition performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid. The chemical liquid purification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a chemical liquid purification method including obtaining a chemical liquid by purifying a substance to be purified containing an organic solvent, in which a content of the stabilizer in the substance to be purified with respect to the total mass of the substance to be purified is equal to or greater than 0.1 mass ppm and less than 100 mass ppm.

Abstract: Methods, device, and systems for preparing peritoneal dialysis fluid and/or administering a peritoneal dialysis treatment are disclosed. In embodiments, peritoneal dialysis fluid is prepared at a point of use automatically using a daily sterile disposable fluid circuit and one or more long-term concentrate containers that are changed only after multiple days (e.g. weekly). The daily disposable may have concentrate containers that are initially empty and are filled from the long-term concentrate containers once per day at the beginning of a treatment.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method includes: receiving a wafer from a first dilution tank; immersing the wafer in a deionization tank, wherein the deionization tank comprises a tank solution that comprises a deionizing solution; determining a metal ion concentration within the tank solution; performing remediation within the deionization tank in response to determining that the metal ion concentration is greater than a threshold value; and moving the wafer to a second dilution tank.

Abstract: A system (10) for washing items (12) with purified water alone, comprising a washing machine (11), a water purification apparatus (19), and a reservoir (20) for storing purified water, wherein the water purification apparatus (19) comprises a reverse osmosis device (26) and first and second deionizing materials. The washing machine (11) comprises a container (13) for receiving the items (12) to be washed, and said container (13) is arranged with an inlet connected to the reservoir (20), so that the items (12) are washable inside the container (13) with the purified water. The system (10) further comprises a tank (24) for collecting used water from the container (13), wherein an inlet of the tank (24) is connected to an outlet of the container (13). The system (10) also comprises a sediment filter (28) for filtering off particulate solids from the used water, wherein the sediment filter (28) is arranged between the tank (24) and the water purification apparatus (19).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment liquid for manufacturing a semiconductor with which the occurrence of defects is suppressed such that a fine resist pattern or a fine semiconductor element can be manufactured. A treatment liquid for manufacturing a semiconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: one compound (A) or two or more compounds (A) that satisfy the following requirement (a); one compound (B) or two or more compounds (B) that satisfy the following requirement (b); and one compound (C) or two or more compounds (C) selected from the group consisting of an Al compound and an NOx compound. In the treatment liquid, a total content of the compound (A) in the treatment liquid is 70.0 to 99.9999999 mass %, a total content of the compounds (B) is 10?10 to 0.1 mass %, and a ratio P of the compound (C) to the compound (B) represented by the following Expression I is 103 to 10?6.

Abstract: Techniques for managing water disposal include circulating a mixed water-oil liquid in a pipeline from a water-oil separation plant toward at least one disposal well that includes a wellbore formed from a terranean surface to a subterranean formation; determining, based on a sampling of the mixed water-oil liquid by an OIW meter, an amount of oil in the mixed water-oil liquid; based on the amount of oil being within a desired amount range: controlling each a choke valve and a surface safety valve to modulate toward an open position, and controlling a recycle valve to modulate to a closed position; and based on the amount of oil being outside of the desired amount range: controlling the choke valve and the surface safety valve to modulate toward a closed position, and controlling the recycle valve to modulate to an open position.

Abstract: A desalination and cooling system includes a single effect water-lithium bromide vapor absorption cycle (VAC) system and a forward osmosis with thermal-recovery (FO-TR) desalination system. The FO system employs a Thermo-Responsive Draw Solution (TRDS) Fresh water flows from the FS to the TRDS without application of pressure on the saline water. Afterwards, only thermal energy is required to extract fresh water from the TRDS and recover or regenerate the draw solution. The VAC system serves as a cooling source for cooling or air conditioning applications, generating waste heat as a result. The waste heat generated by the VAC system provides the thermal energy needed to recover the draw solution (DS). The VAC system can be powered by low-grade heat sources like solar thermal energy.

Abstract: A system for monitoring water quality for dialysis, dialysis fluids, and body fluids treated by dialysis fluids, is disclosed. The system uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors for detecting impurities in input water or dialysis fluid, and in the prepared dialysate. These sensors may also be used to monitor and check the blood of the patient being treated. These sensors include ion-selective sensors, for ions such as ammonium or calcium, and also include amperometric array sensors, suitable for ions from chlorine or chloramines, e.g., chloride. These sensors assist in the monitoring of water supplies from a city water main or well. The sensors may be used in conjunction with systems for preparing dialysate solutions from water for use at home or elsewhere.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment liquid for manufacturing a semiconductor with which the deterioration of lithographic performance or the occurrence of defects is suppressed such that a fine resist pattern or a fine semiconductor element can be manufactured. A treatment liquid for manufacturing a semiconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: one compound (A) that satisfies the following requirement (a);one compound (B) or two or more compounds (B) that satisfy the following requirement (b); and one inorganic matter (C) or two or more inorganic matters (C) having any element selected from the group consisting of Al, B, S, N, and K. Here, a total content of the compound (B) in the treatment liquid is 10?10 to 0.1 mass %, and a ratio P of the inorganic matter (C) to the compound (B) represented by the following Expression I is 103 to 10?6.

Abstract: A channel block for a liquid chemical dosing apparatus. The channel block has a process outlet; a chemical liquid inlet; an evacuation outlet; a calibration column outlet; channels provided within the channel block that connect at least the process outlet, the chemical liquid inlet, the evacuation outlet and the calibration column outlet; a pressure indicator mounted to the channel block to measure the pressure of the chemical liquid entering through the chemical liquid inlet; a additional regulation valve mounted to the channel block upstream of at least one of the process outlet and the calibration column outlet; a evacuation regulation valve mounted to the channel block upstream of the evacuation outlet; at least three control valves mounted to the block configured to control the chemical liquid passing through the channels.

Abstract: A permeative amine/acid introduction device (PAID) is placed after a conventional KOH eluent suppressed conductometric anion chromatography (SCAC) system. The PAID converts the suppressed eluites from the acid form to the corresponding salt. For example, when the analytes are acids, they are converted to the corresponding ammonium salt (NR2H+HX?NR2H2++X?) and allows very weak acids HX (pKa?7.0) that cannot normally be detected by SCAC to be measured by a second conductivity detector following the PAID. Permeative reagent introduction is dilutionless, can be operated without pumps and provides good mixing with low band dispersion (as small as 30 ?L). An exemplary amine is diethylamine (DEA), which was chosen as the amine source due to its low pKb value (pKb 3.0), high vapor pressure, and low toxicity and low odor.

Abstract: The present application relates to a freeze-dried polymer composition containing chitosan and at least one lyoprotectant, a process for preparing a freeze-dried composition containing chitosan and at least one lyoprotectant and the use of a reconstituted freeze-dried chitosan composition to prepare implants for tissue repair.

Abstract: Provided is a novel Nanofiltration-DiaNanofiltration (NF-DiaNF) system and method for extracting divalent ions from saline water (e.g., seawater) to produce solutions rich in divalent ions (in particular Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42?), while minimizing the concentrations of undesirable species (e.g., Cl?, Br?, B and Na+). The solutions may be added to water (e.g., desalinated, soft, drinking or irrigation water) to enrich the water with divalent ions, thereby improving its quality.

Abstract: Systems and methods of leveraging high-fidelity continuous respiratory volume monitoring for rapid patient assessment are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The method is described as the removal of mediators that contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer from blood by contacting the blood with a solid, essentially non-micro-porous substrate which has been surface treated with heparin, heparan sulfate and, optionally, other molecules or chemical groups (the adsorbent media or media) having a binding affinity to the mediator, and wherein the size of the interstitial channels within said substrate are balanced with the amount of interstitial substrate surface area such that high flow rates of blood past said substrate creates a flow transport that is characterized by convection transport more than Brownian diffusion transport.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system for treating a fluid, the system including structure for moving a fluid therethrough the system, the structure for moving the fluid including a first inlet and a first outlet, further a primary fluid filter having a primary fluid filter inlet and a primary fluid filter outlet, wherein the primary fluid filter inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet. Included with the system is a primary ultraviolet light module having a primary ultraviolet light module inlet and a primary ultraviolet light module outlet, wherein the primary ultraviolet light module inlet is in fluid communication with the primary fluid filter outlet and a secondary fluid filter having a secondary fluid filter inlet and a secondary fluid filter outlet, wherein the secondary fluid filter inlet is in fluid communication with the primary ultraviolet light module outlet, wherein the secondary fluid filter outlet discharges a first treated fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from minerals, and recycled products.

Abstract: A system and a method for reusing waste water from a Reverse Osmosis (RO) filtering process are described, said system including: a Reverse Osmosis (RO) filtration system, from which a flow of highly alkaline waste water results; two tanks intended to receive waste water and able to alternately determine the physical and chemical properties of waste water through sensors or, and perform homogenization, chlorination and chemical treatments of said waste water; an output line which comprises a pump and connects the tanks to a reservoir; and said reservoir being able to blend the water treated by the tanks with treated chlorinated drinking water, depending on the physical and chemical properties of these volumes of water; the chlorination and chemical treatment includes addition of a hypochlorite compound, which reaction releases chlorine in the waste water and causes evaporation of at least O2 and H2 gases, reducing the alkaline pH of said waste water.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and apparatus for producing silica concentrates from geothermal fluids containing at least 300 ppm silica, by passing the fluid at a temperature above 80° C. and at a pH reduced to between 4.0 and 7.5 through a reverse osmosis membrane. In the diagram, geothermal fluid (I) is passed to a separator (2) to be flashed to produce steam (3) and separated geothermal water (SGW) (4). The SGW (4) is passed to a heat exchanger (5) then inlet pump (7). Acid is introduced to the geothermal fluid flow at a dosing means (6) to reduce the pH and an anti-sealant may also be introduced. The geothermal fluid is then passed to a reverse osmosis unit (8) to produce a concentrate (9) and a permeate (10). Following reverse osmosis, the concentrate and permeate may be treated with other processes to produce the desired product and concentration. For example, if precipitated silica is produced, the concentrate is passed to a curing tank (11) and to a thickener (12).

Abstract: Many processes generate wastewater streams rich in sulfate and chloride. These salt components are traditionally not recovered and are discharged to the environment. The invention recovers pure water for recycle/reuse and simultaneously generates valuable pure salts of NaCl and Na2SO4 for beneficial reuse, eliminating the waste stream. Process consists of the sequential crystallization of salt products with an intermediate purification step in which a chemical reactant is added to elevate levels of purity. The process is configured to simultaneously achieve zero liquid discharge.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of acidic wastewater which comprises hydrochloric acid, nitric acid as an optional component, 0.1 to 30 wt.-% of one or more dissolved metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum and heavy metals other than precious metals, and 10 to 500 wt.

Abstract: A dialysate mixing machine may be configured to make dialysate on demand using, among other things, a plurality of concentrates in solid tablet form. For example, a prescription may be received by the dialysate mixing machine indicating the particular chemical constituents and amounts of each chemical constituent to be included in the dialysate. Based on the prescription, the dialysate mixing machine can determine the number of tablets required for each chemical constituent (and, e.g., the required amounts of other chemical constituents that are not in tablet form). The tablets are automatically dispensed and mixed with purified water, bicarbonate, and sodium chloride in a mixing chamber to produce the dialysate according to the prescription. The dialysate mixing machine may be used with and/or coupled to a dialysis machine (e.g., a hemodialysis (HD) machine designed for home use) to provide the dialysate on demand for a dialysis treatment.

Abstract: A disinfectant formulation is provided imparting a residual biocidal property. The disinfectant formulation is used to treat a surface to impart a film having a capacity to quickly kill bacteria and other germs for at least 24 hours after deposit of the film on a treated surface. The disinfectant formulation comprises a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer, and a biocidal compound. The disinfectant formulation further comprises a carrier. An article having the disinfectant formulation is provided as well as methods of making, using and applying the disinfectant formulation.

Abstract: A biofilm sealant is provided imparting a residual biocidal property. The biofilm sealant is used to treat a surface to impart a film having a capacity to quickly kill bacteria and other germs for at least 24 hours after deposit of the film on a treated surface. The disinfectant formulation biofilm sealant comprises a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer, and a biocidal compound.

Abstract: Provided is a method for controlling a pH to a neutral range (pH 6 to 8) by adding an alkali or an acid to decarbonated water, including controlling the amount of the alkali or the acid added using an electrical conductivity meter. The decarbonated water is, for example, water obtained by decarbonating industrial water or groundwater so that the concentration of carbonic acid is 10 ppm or less. The method may further have a step of producing pure water by RO treatment of the decarbonated water with a pH adjusted to 6 to 8 by the pH control.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for treating wastewater generated in the spherical nickel hydroxide production process. The invention uses a combined membrane treatment process to systematically and specifically treat process wastewater produced at all stages of the spherical nickel hydroxide preparation process. The concentration of crude wastewater greatly reduces the treatment burden and energy consumption in the evaporation process with obvious environmental protection benefits. In addition, the membrane treatment system has the characteristics of easy control and simple operation. By virtue of the treatment method of the invention, the quality of some produced water can meet the standard of purified water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring deposit formation in a process having an aqueous flow is provided. According to exemplary embodiments, a feed flow of an aqueous liquid is provided onto a receiving surface to be monitored. At least part of a receiving surface is illuminated with at least one light source. Visual data is collected across the receiving surface and analyzed. The quality and type of deposition attached to the receiving surface is classified based on information obtained from the analyzed visual data, and a quantitative scaling and/or fouling indication is computed based on the classification.

Abstract: The invention is related to a super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic attapulgite separation membrane, and a preparation method and use thereof. Monodispersed hydrophilic nanoparticulates are loaded on a surface of nanoparticles, to obtain a super-hydrophilic nanocomposite material with a micro-nanostructure. The nanocomposite material is dispersed in a mixed aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and methyl cellulose, to obtain a membrane-forming slurry after vigorous stirring. A disc-shaped porous support is infiltrated with water and placed on a horizontal surface, and then a certain volume of the membrane-forming slurry is slowly and uniformly drip-coated on a surface of the support, dried and sintered to obtain a super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic microfiltration membrane layer.

Abstract: A new apparatus, system and method to purified produced water and removed valuable metals and minerals is described. The apparatus comprises a device for flowing produced water wellbore from a wellbore to the produced water purification apparatus; at least one device to remove heavy metals from the produced water; at least one brine removal device to remove brine from the produced water. The method comprises steps to use the apparatus and the system comprises a control panel that operates the at least one device for removing heavy metals and at least one sensor in a coordinated manner.

Abstract: A water treatment system is provided with a nitrogen-containing organic compound oxidizing device that treats the first-stage treatment water after filtration and removal of cation ions. An oxidant-containing water stream and an inorganic bromide-containing water stream are respectively added into a pipeline that conducts the first-stage treatment water and then pass through an in-pipe mixer and a mixing unit, whereby to oxidize the nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the first-stage treatment water and then form the second-stage treatment water for output.

Abstract: The instant application is directed towards methods for removing sulfide from a wastewater stream. The pH of the wastewater stream is adjusted to between 7.0 and 8.0. A first oxidizing agent is mixed with the wastewater stream, oxidizing the sulfide to elemental sulfur. The wastewater stream is then softened by mixing lime with the wastewater stream. The addition of lime further raises the pH of the wastewater stream to 10.0 or higher, and converts the elemental sulfur to soluble sulfide (S2-) and/or thio-sulfate. Calcium carbonate is precipitated and sulfide (S2-) and/or thio-sulfate is adsorbed thereon. Thereafter, the wastewater stream is directed to a solids-liquid separation process, which separates the calcium carbonate and adsorbed sulfide (S2-) and/or thio-sulfate from the wastewater stream. The solids-liquid separator produces an effluent that includes residual elemental sulfur.

Abstract: A sheet-shaped hollow fiber membrane module includes a casing having a flat shape, the casing including a supply port and a discharge port, and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes accommodated inside the casing. The casing includes a plurality of the supply ports on one main surface of the casing and a plurality of the discharge ports on the other main surface of the casing, at least one of the plurality of the supply ports is closable, and at least one of the plurality of the discharge ports is closable. Each of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes includes a first opening at one end of the hollow fiber membrane and a second opening at the other end of the hollow fiber membrane, and the first opening and the second opening communicate with an outside of the casing and do not communicate with an inside of the casing.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate treatment method and a substrate treatment equipment enabling greater suppression of corrosion or oxidation of metal wiring exposed on a substrate surface. The present invention relates to a substrate treatment equipment having a treatment chamber wherein a substrate is disposed, and whereto a substrate treatment solution for treating the substrate is supplied. This equipment is provided with an inert gas filling mechanism for filling with an inert gas the interior of the treatment chamber wherein the substrate is disposed, and, near or inside the treatment chamber, a catalytic unit filled with a platinum-group metal catalyst wherethrough a hydrogen-dissolved water including hydrogen added to ultra-pure water is passed. Obtained by passing the hydrogen-dissolved water through the platinum-group metal catalyst, a hydrogen-dissolved treatment solution is supplied as the substrate treatment solution into the treatment chamber by the equipment.

Abstract: Electrodeionization apparatuses, systems including a reactor system and an electrodeionization system, and methods of purifying acetic acid are provided herein. In some embodiments, the electrodeionization apparatus includes an anode, and three spaced apart membranes located between the anode and the cathode: a first cation exchange membrane, a first anion exchange membrane, a second cation exchange membrane, defining: a first electrode rinse passage between the anode and the first cation exchange membrane, a first concentrate passage between the first cation exchange membrane and the first anion exchange membrane, a feed stream passage located between the first anion exchange membrane and the second cation exchange membrane, and a second electrode rinse passage between the second cation exchange membrane and the cathode. In some embodiments, the electrodeionization apparatus also includes at least one propionate-selective ion exchange resin wafer within the feed stream passage.

Abstract: A method for reducing pollutant discharge in phenol acetone production, comprising at least one of the following steps: (A) collecting phenolic wastewater generated by a phenol-acetone plant, adjusting the pH value to acidic, and performing extraction and recovery on the phenols in wastewater using cumene as an extracting agent; (B) reducing the acetone content in the wastewater from a column bottom by means of optimizing the process of an acetone refining column; (C) treating the wastewater from the column bottom of the acetone refining column by using a permselective membrane, and recovering alkali; (D) neutralizing the wastewater obtained from step (C), mixing the neutralized wastewater with a condensation liquid at the top of a cumene oxidation column, and carrying out a detoxification treatment; (E) carrying out an oil separation treatment on total discharged wastewater from the phenol-acetone plant, and recovering organic matters comprising hydrocarbons; and (F) carrying out a biological treatment, a co

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of concentrating an aqueous solution by low pressure under a zero osmotic pressure difference condition, and more particularly to a method of concentrating a solute-containing aqueous solution by low pressure under a zero osmotic pressure difference condition. When the method of the present invention is used, there are advantages in that energy consumption is low, and an aqueous solution can be concentrated until it can reach the maximum solute concentration or a solute concentration of 100%, without having to use an extraction solvent. In addition, there is an advantage in that the need to use a separate osmotic pressure draw solution is eliminated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating electricity from low grade heat. The system and method may be a closed loop. When a liquid mixture of salt, water, and an ion-stripping liquid is heated using the low grade heat, water dissolves more readily into the ISL, due to the increased solubility of the water in the ISL, at the increased temperature. The salt remains in a high-salinity aqueous phase that separates from the ISL phase. Upon cooling of the ISL phase, a nearly pure water phase can be separated therefrom. This low salinity water phase and the high salinity water phase can be fed to any of various processes for generating electricity from a salinity gradient, such as pressure retarded osmosis or reverse electro-dialysis. Low and high salinity water exiting the power generating portion of the process can be recycled, to reform the original liquid stream, upon recombination with the ISL.

Abstract: An adjustable filtration assembly performs water filtration tests from a sample point. A container contains a water solution. An inlet valve enables a flow of the water solution into the container. An adjustable pressure regulator valve regulates the flow. A relief valve releases a portion of the water solution when a pressure of the water solution exceeds a threshold pressure. A differential pressure gauge displays a current pressure reading of the water solution in the container, receives adjustments specifying a specific pressure to be maintained, maintains the specific pressure of the water solution, and triggers the relief valve when the pressure exceeds the specific pressure. An outlet valve, when opened, outputs a measured volume of the water solution. A filter membrane mounted in the outlet valve filters solids from the measured volume. A relative plugging index (RPI) of the water solution is determined based on a weight of the solids.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for industrial wastewater treatment that yields zero liquid discharge (ZLD). These include pre-treating provided industrial wastewater to remove heavy metals, ultra-filtering the pre-treated wastewater to remove suspended and colloidal solids, nano-filtering the ultra-filtered wastewater to yield treated water (with monovalent ions) and a concentrate, treating the concentrate to remove di- and tri-valent elements and other compounds from the concentrate, and to reduce a level of sulfates to a specified level which is above a solubility level of sulfates—to yield returned water, and sludge, mixing the returned water with the provided industrial wastewater before or at the first treatment stage and/or with the pre-treated wastewater before the ultrafiltration, and removing residual water from the sludge to yield removed solids with ZLD. Advantageously, disclosed processes and systems are efficient, cheaper and more sustainable than prior art systems.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing fouling of ultrafiltration membranes in processes wherein virus particles are removed from aqueous solutions comprising virus particles and at least one protein by adding a surfactant or non-surfactant, non-ionic agent to the aqueous solution prior to filtration. The invention also provides methods to dissociate protein aggregates or to reduce the formation of protein aggregates by adding a surfactant or non-surfactant, non-ionic agent to the protein solution.

Abstract: Methods of preparing Pt/SrTiO3 photocatalysts comprising strontium titanate nanoparticles and platinum doped on a surface of the strontium titanate nanoparticles are described. Processes of oxidizing cycloalkanes to cycloalkanols and/or cycloalkanones by employing the Pt/SrTiO3 photocatalysts are specified. A method for recycling the photocatalyst is also provided.

Abstract: Methods of preparing Pt/SrTiO3 photocatalysts comprising strontium titanate nanoparticles and platinum doped on a surface of the strontium titanate nanoparticles are described. Processes of oxidizing cycloalkanes to cycloalkanols and/or cycloalkanones by employing the Pt/SrTiO3 photocatalysts are specified. A method for recycling the photocatalyst is also provided.

Abstract: To provide method and apparatus for producing alkaline water, capable of preventing mixture of fine particles derived from a gas dissolving membrane device into hydrogen water. An apparatus for producing alkaline water for cleaning electronic device includes: a pH adjusting device 11 configured to adjust ultrapure water to be alkaline; a deaeration device 13 configured to deaerate the ultrapure water adjusted to be alkaline; and a gas dissolving membrane device 14 having a gas permeable membrane to dissolve functional gas into the deaerated ultrapure water.

Abstract: An oil or gas recovery process (10) is disclosed where resulting produced water includes silica. The process entails removing silica from the produced water via a two-stage process. In the first stage, magnesium oxide is injected into a Magnesium Dissolution Reactor (18) and mixed with the produced water to dissolve magnesium. Effluent from the Magnesium Dissolution Reactor (18) is directed downstream to a warm lime softener (22) where one or more alkaline chemicals are added to the produced water to raise the pH to approximately 10.0 to 11.5. Here, silica is co-precipitated with magnesium hydroxide and/or adsorbed onto magnesium hydroxide precipitates.

Abstract: A peak intensity of a (110) plane is greater than or equal to 2.5 times a peak intensity of a (004) plane in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation of X-rays to a membrane surface of the AFX membrane.

Abstract: A sanitizing filter for sanitizing a residential water filtering system has a water filter assembly including a cartridge operable for removable attachment to the water filter assembly. When the cartridge is attached to the water filter assembly, a water flow passes into the cartridge, mixes with sanitizing media within the cartridge, and passes back into the water filter assembly. The residential water filtering system is then filled and flushed repeatedly and the mixture of water and sanitizing media sanitizes the portions of the system that are downstream from the sanitizing filter.

Abstract: An apparatus for premixing fluids to form dialysate for an extracorporeal blood treatment includes at least a first feed portion for supplying at least a first fluid from at least a first fluid reservoir, at least a second feed portion for supplying at least a second fluid from at least a second fluid reservoir, a premixing portion being configured to premix fluids supplied via the feed portions in counter flow to form a fluid mixture and at least one drain portion for draining the fluid mixture premixed in the premixing portion as dialysate. A method carries out appropriate steps. In a conductivity measurement along the drain portion the conductivity of the premixed fluid mixture is measured by means of a digital filter adapted to be parameterized based on at least two state variables of the premixing process at least in two phases with a first predictive phase and a second corrective phase.

Abstract: A hybrid type filtration structure for filtering liquid includes a first active layer, a porous supporting layer and a permeable layer. The first active layer has a first nano pore inner wall of which a function group included compound is combined with. The porous supporting layer has a plurality of pores and is disposed under the first active layer. The permeable layer is disposed under the porous supporting layer. The porous supporting layer includes a plurality of lipid bilayers having membrane protein inside of the pore, a molecule of water selectively passes through the membrane protein. The first nano pore passes through the first active layer vertically. The first nano pore and the pore are connected with each other through which liquid flows.

Abstract: A portable water conditioning system is provided that includes a water conditioner, a first sensor, a second sensor, and a controller. The water conditioner has a plurality of conditioning stages that condition water. The plurality of conditioning stages include, in a direction of flow of the water through the water conditioner, a reverse osmosis stage and a deionizing stage. The first sensor detects a first condition of the water before the reverse osmosis stage. The second sensor detects a second condition of the water after the reverse osmosis stage. The controller is in communication with the first and second sensors and determines a health status of the reverse osmosis stage based the first and second conditions. The first and second conditions each include a level of total dissolved solids of the water.

Abstract: A process for treating an ionic liquid containing waste stream is described. If there is a liquid waste stream, the liquid waste stream is introduced into a liquid treatment zone. The ionic liquid in the liquid waste stream is neutralized. The concentration of the ionic liquid in the liquid waste stream is determined, and the allowed concentration of the ionic liquid in the liquid waste stream is determined. The concentration of the ionic liquid in the neutralized liquid waste stream is reduced to the allowed concentration, and the liquid waste stream having the allowed concentration is released. If there is a vapor waste stream, the vapor waste stream is introduced into a vapor treatment zone. The vapor waste stream is treated to form a treated vapor waste stream, and the treated vapor waste stream is released to a plant vapor treatment zone.