Abstract: Separation processes using osmotically driven membrane systems are disclosed generally involving the extraction of solvent from a first solution to concentrate solute by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources. Pre-treatment and post-treatment may also enhance the osmotically driven membrane processes.

Abstract: A draw solute including an oligomer having an amino acid repeating unit with an ionic moiety and a counter ion thereof, and a forward osmosis water treatment device and method using the same are provided.

Abstract: It is to provide a process for manufacturing potable water from a liquid to be treated, such as seawater by using forward osmosis membrane, wherein the solution after the separation of water from dilute draw solution diluted by the migration of water from the liquid to be treated, is stably regenerated and reutilized and an apparatus therefor, and the process and apparatus are a process for manufacturing potable water which comprises, a forward osmosis step wherein a liquid of which solvent is water is allowed to contact with a draw solution produced by dissolving a prescribed amount of a volatile material in water through a semi-permeable membrane, and water in said liquid is allowed to migrate to said draw solution through said semi-permeable membrane, a distillation step wherein a dilute draw solution having been diluted with water which was produced in said step is adjusted to a prescribed temperature, and then is delivered to a distillation column where gas comprising the volatile material and water vapo

Abstract: A portable peritoneal dialysis system for a patient includes an inlet port for providing inflow to the patient's peritoneal cavity, an outlet port for providing outflow from the patient's peritoneal cavity, and a volume of dialysate for flow into and out of the patient's peritoneal cavity, thereby removing from the dialysate uremic waste metabolites that have diffused into the dialysate. The portable peritoneal dialysis system also includes a closed liquid flow loop, including a pump, for flowing the dialysate into and out of the patient's peritoneal cavity, and an organic- and phosphate-removing stage, including at least one replaceable cartridge in the closed liquid flow loop, the cartridge containing material for removing organic compounds and phosphate from dialysate removed from the patient's peritoneal cavity.

Abstract: Dialysis treatment devices and methods for removing urea from dialysis waste streams are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a dialysis treatment device including: 1) a first filter having a filtration membrane, 2) a urea removal unit having urease and in fluid communication with the first filter, and 3) a second filter having an ion rejection membrane and in fluid communication with the first filter and the urea removal unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for recovery of magnetic nanoparticles, which recovers and reuses magnetic nanoparticles in a forward osmosis membrane filtration process using magnetic nanoparticles as a draw solute so as to maintain a consistent concentration of the draw solution and separate and discharge high-purity fresh water, and apparatus and method for forward osmosis membrane filtration using the same.

Abstract: A process for fractionating the constituents of a solution obtained by extracting plant or animal material with an aqueous-organic solvent where the aqueous-organic solvent is a mixture of water and a water-miscible organic solvent, generally including the steps of contacting the solution with a near-critical fluid to produce a raffinate phase containing high polarity constituents and water, and a near-critical fluid phase containing low to medium polarity constituents, separating the near-critical fluid phase from the raffinate phase, and recovering the low to medium polarity constituents from the near-critical fluid phase and the high polarity constituents from the raffinate phase.

Abstract: Provided are a water treatment system and method for continuous forward osmosis process using OAC with phase transition, where the OAC with easy phase changes is applied and thereby separation and recovery processes of the draw solution may be performed through continuous processes of a forward osmosis type, and a method thereof. In the water treatment system and method for continuous forward osmosis process using OAC with phase transition according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the OAC with easy phase changes is applied so that separation and recovery processes of the draw solution can be performed through continuous processes of a forward osmosis type, thereby making it possible to produce drinking water. The water treatment process where the OAC with easy phase changes is applied can be used in all water treatment processes of waste water or groundwater, as well as seawater desalination.

Abstract: A thermosensitive copolymer may include a first repeating unit having a temperature-sensitive oligomer and a second repeating unit having an ionic moiety and a counter ion to the ionic moiety. The temperature-sensitive oligomer may be an oligomer including a repeating unit derived from a unsaturated monomer with a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2, or an oligomer including a repeating unit derived from a heterocyclic compound having C, N, O, and a C?N bond in its ring. *-C(?O)N(R2)(R3)??[Chemical Formula 1] R2 and R3 may each independently be hydrogen or a linear or branched C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C7 cycloalkyl group, or a C6 to C10 aryl group, R2 and R3 may not both be hydrogen, and R2 and R3 may be combined to form a nitrogen containing heterocycle. R4 may be a C2 to C5 alkylene group.

Abstract: A draw solute for forward osmosis may include a temperature-sensitive oligomer compound including a structural unit including a temperature-sensitive moiety. The temperature-sensitive oligomer compound may further include a hydrophilic functional group at the terminal end of the main chain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a means of dialysis for removing protein-bound substances from a biological fluid, especially blood or blood plasma, which contains at least one means for solubilizing protein-binding substances to be removed into the biological fluid and/or dialysis fluid, and to a process for removing protein-bound substances from a biological fluid.

Abstract: An extracorporeal blood processing method using a blood circuit comprising a pair of blood passages attached to opposite flow ends of a blood treatment device and said blood circuit is mounted on a blood pump console, the method includes: withdrawing blood from a vascular system of a human patient and drawing the blood into the blood circuit; pumping the withdrawn blood through one of the pair of blood passages using a first blood pump of the console and into the blood treatment device; pumping the treated blood from the treatment device through the other of the pair of blood passages using a second blood pump of the console; infusing the treated blood from the other blood passage and into the vascular system of the patient, and periodically reversing a flow direction of blood through the pair of blood passages and blood treatment device.

Abstract: The invention provides the combined use of UF and MVR for the treatment of industrial process fluid wastewater that contains recoverable material. The recoverable material desirably has a molecular diameter of less than about 5 to 6 nm and a boiling point of less than about 200 ° C. In one embodiment, the recoverable material may then be utilized in the preparation of another industrial process fluid. In another embodiment, the recoverable material is isolated and retained for later use. The invention thereby provides aqueous industrial process fluid which contains water; one or more of an emulsifier, oil, amine, biocide, thickener, lubricant, dispersant, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, alkaline compound, surfactant, and carrier; and one or more chemical compounds recovered from aqueous industrial process fluid wastewater treated with UF and MVR.

Abstract: A method of purifying high temperature water utilizing forward osmosis is described comprising exposing the fluid to a semi-permeable membrane comprising a material capable of functioning effectively at 70-85° C., the membrane comprising a feed-solution-facing surface and a draw-solution-facing surface; directing a draw solution comprising at least one organic liquid solute and a solvent to the draw-solution-facing surface of the semi-permeable membrane, such that a quantity of the fluid is drawn by osmotic pressure across the semi-permeable membrane into the draw solution, leading to said fluid having a higher concentration of dissolved solids than prior to exposure to the semi-permeable membrane, and leading to the draw solution being more diluted than prior to being directed to the semi-permeable membrane; and boiling the draw solution so as to separate the organic liquid solute from the fluid drawn across the semi-permeable membrane for recirculation of the organic liquid solute.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for desalinating water is presented. The invention relates to recovery of water from impaired water sources by using FO and seawater as draw solution (DS). The seawater becomes diluted over time and can be easily desalinated at very low pressures. Thus, a device consumes less energy when recovering water. The apparatus, system and method comprise an immersed forward osmosis cell.

Abstract: A process for removing a solvent from a source solution, said process comprising a) contacting the source solution with one side of a selectively permeable membrane, b) contacting a draw solution having a higher osmotic pressure (higher solute concentration) than the source solution with the opposite side of the membrane, such that solvent from the source solution passes across the membrane to dilute the draw solution by direct osmosis, c) removing solvent from the diluted draw solution to regenerate the draw solution, and d) recycling the regenerated draw solution to step a), characterised in that a portion of the draw solution is discarded or treated before and/or after the draw solution is regenerated in step c) so as to reduce the concentration of any solute species present in the draw solution from the source solution.

Abstract: A draw solute for forward osmosis may include a copolymer including a first structural unit where a temperature-sensitive side chain is graft polymerized, and a second structural unit including a hydrophilic functional group. The temperature-sensitive side chain may include a structural unit for a side chain including a temperature-sensitive moiety.

Abstract: A desalination system based on forward osmosis, that uses a draw solution at high osmotic and gauge pressures to generate mechanical power from the expansion of the draw solution due to water extracted from feed water through a semi-permeable membrane. The extracted water is produced during the regeneration of the draw solution. The generated power may be used to desalinate additional feed water, e.g. via reverse osmosis, such that most power needed for the reverse osmosis is supplied from the expanding draw solution, e.g. via a work exchanger. After power recovery, partly dilute draw solution may be used to extract additional water from feed water via an additional forward osmosis module.

Abstract: In a regenerative dialysis system, in a method for controlling a regenerative dialysis system, and in a controller for a regenerative dialysis system, an embodiment of the system comprises an input pump that pumps fresh dialysate fluid into a dialyzer at an input rate. An output pump pumps used dialysate fluid from the dialyzer at an output rate. An ultrafiltration rate of the system is related to the output rate relative to the input rate. A sorbent cartridge filters the used dialysate fluid to generate the fresh dialysate fluid. A controller controls the ultrafiltration rate of the system in response to a flow rate of the dialysate fluid through the sorbent cartridge.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for removal of metal sulphide particles from a liquid stream comprising a solvent and metal sulphide particles, using a filter system comprising at least one membrane, the method comprising contacting the liquid stream with the membrane, thereby transferring metal sulphide particles from the liquid stream onto the membrane surface to obtain a liquid stream depleted of metal sulphide particles and a filter system comprising a membrane enriched in metal sulphide particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a functionalized membrane contactor extraction/reaction system and method for extracting target species from multi-phase solutions utilizing ionic liquids. One preferred embodiment of the invented method and system relates to an extraction/reaction system wherein the ionic liquid extraction solutions act as both extraction solutions and reaction mediums, and allow simultaneous separation/reactions not possible with prior art technology.

Abstract: A dialysate regeneration chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the dialysate regeneration chamber may include a toxin trap configured to selectively trap toxins and repel select cations.

Abstract: An energy-efficient process for dewatering an aqueous organic solution includes using freely available solar energy to concentrate a draw solution within a reservoir. The draw solution is used in conjunction with a membrane to remove water from the organic solution in a forward osmosis process. The draw solution is diluted by the osmosis process, and returned to the reservoir to be re-concentrated and reused in the osmosis process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite hollow fibre capillary membrane in particular for exploiting the value of dialysate and a method for the production thereof as well as its use in particular in haemo and peritoneal dialysis.

Abstract: To provide a water purifier, containing: a diluting unit configured to bring targeted water for purification into contact with an aqueous solution containing a volatile solute and a polymer via a semi-permeable membrane so as to separate water from the targeted water by the semi-permeable membrane, and configured to dilute the aqueous solution with the separated water; a separating unit configured to separate the volatile solute and the polymer from the diluted aqueous solution obtained by the diluting unit so as to obtain purified water; and a dissolving unit configured to return the separated volatile solute by the separating unit to the aqueous solution containing the polymer, and to allow the separated volatile solute to dissolve in the aqueous solution containing the polymer.

Abstract: A dialysate regeneration system for removing contaminants from spent dialysate according to this invention includes a dialysate circulation flow path including a pump that pumps spent dialysate through the dialysate circulation flow path, a first cartridge adapted to remove contaminants from the spent dialysate, including a first cleaning solution inlet and a first cleaning solution outlet, a second cartridge adapted to remove urea from the spent dialysate, the second cartridge including semi-permeable hollow fibers adapted for transport of urea across the walls of the semi-permeable hollow fibers and adapted to retain at least calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions in the spent dialysate, and including a second cleaning solution inlet and a second cleaning solution outlet.

Abstract: A desalination system comprises an electrical separation device configured to receive and ionize a first stream for desalination and a crystallization device. The crystallization device is configured to provide a second stream to the electrical separation device to carry away ions from the first stream, and defining a crystallization zone for facilitating precipitation of the ions and a solid-liquid separation zone in fluid communication with the crystallization zone for separation of the precipitate. A desalination method is also presented.

Abstract: In a peritoneal dialysis embodiment of the present invention, spent dialysate from the patient's peritoneal cavity passes, along a patient loop, through a dialyzer having a membrane that separates waste components from the spent dialysate, wherein the patient loop returns fresh dialysate to the patient's peritoneal cavity. The waste components are carried away in a second regeneration loop to a regeneration unit or sorbent cartridge, which absorbs the waste components. The regeneration unit removes undesirable components in the dialysate that were removed from the patient loop by the dialyzer, for example, excess water (ultrafiltrate or UF), toxins and metabolic wastes. Desirable components can be added to the dialysate by the system, such as glucose and electrolytes. The additives assist in maintaining the proper osmotic gradients in the patient to perform dialysis and provide the necessary compounds to the patient.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for red blood collection and filtration is provided wherein a red blood cell collection assembly provides for leukoreduction filtration concurrent with or soon after the red blood cell separation and collection procedure. Such procedures involve filtering the separated red blood cells in a diluted state after and/or prior to flushing the filter with storage solution. Storage solution may thus be passed through the leukoreduction filter before, with and/or after the RBCs have been filtered therethrough. The red blood cell collection, filtration and storage assembly is preferably preconnected to a blood component separation disposable assembly, including, for example, a centrifuge vessel and a blood removal/return assembly for removing blood from a donor, passing the blood to the centrifuge vessel for separation of the blood into components for collection and providing for filtration of the separated red blood cell component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel filter for removing sulfur containing compounds from an internal combustion fuel stream. In one embodiment, the fuel filter comprises at least one column comprising an adsorbent. In one exemplary embodiment the adsorbent is capable of removing sulfur containing compounds, especially sulfur containing aromatic compounds, from fuels used in internal combustion engines, especially diesel fuels. Also disclosed is an apparatus for extending the life cycle of a post combustion emission control device. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus comprises a fuel filter for removing sulfur containing compounds from an internal combustion fuel stream and an emission control device. Finally, a method for removing sulfur containing compounds from an internal combustion fuel stream is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for red blood collection and filtration is provided wherein a red blood cell collection assembly provides for leukoreduction filtration concurrent with or soon after the red blood cell separation and collection procedure. Such procedures involve filtering the separated red blood cells in a diluted state after and/or prior to flushing the filter with storage solution. Storage solution may thus be passed through the leukoreduction filter before, with and/or after the RBCs have been filtered therethrough. The red blood cell collection, filtration and storage assembly is preferably preconnected to a blood component separation disposable assembly, including, for example, a centrifuge vessel and a blood removal/return assembly for removing blood from a donor, passing the blood to the centrifuge vessel for separation of the blood into components for collection and providing for filtration of the separated red blood cell component.

Abstract: A system for monitoring water quality for dialysis, dialysis fluids, and body fluids treated by dialysis fluids, is disclosed. The system uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors for detecting impurities in input water or dialysis fluid, and in the prepared dialysate. These sensors may also be used to monitor and check the blood of the patient being treated. These sensors include ion-selective sensors, for ions such as ammonium or calcium, and also include amperometric array sensors, suitable for ions from chlorine or chloramines, e.g., chloride. These sensors assist in the monitoring of water supplies from a city water main or well. The sensors may be used in conjunction with systems for preparing dialysate solutions from water for use at home or elsewhere.

Abstract: Fluid treatment arrangements and methods involve a plurality of fluid treatment modules and a core assembly that extends through the plurality of fluid treatment modules. Each fluid treatment module has a feed region, a permeate region, and a fluid treatment medium separating the feed region from the permeate region. The feed region extends along a feed surface of the fluid treatment medium, and the permeate region extends along a permeate surface of the fluid treatment region. Feed fluid is directed along the feed region of each module, and a portion of the feed fluid passes as permeate through the fluid treatment medium, into the permeate region, and then into the core assembly. One or more control mechanisms are fluidly coupled to the permeate region of one or more fluid treatment modules to control a flow parameter in the permeate region of the module.

Abstract: An extracorporeal blood treatment system including: a blood circuit having a first blood passage coupled at a first end to a first end of a blood treatment device and a second blood passage coupled at a first end to a second end of the treatment device, wherein the first and second blood passages each have a second end adapted to be coupled to a vascular system of a human patient; a first blood pump connectable to the first blood passage and a second blood pump connectable to the second blood passage, wherein said first and second blood pumps are adapted to move blood through the first and second blood passages in a first direction and in a reverse direction, and a pump controller operatively connected to the first and second blood pumps, said controller operates the blood pumps to cyclically move blood through the first and second blood passages in the first direction and the reverse direction.

Abstract: A material contaminated with a solvent is treated with a hydrofluorocarbon to remove the contaminant. A preferred hydrofluorocarbon is tetrafluoroethane. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: A membrane treating or forming method includes a membrane having two opposite surfaces and a number of perforations formed in the membrane, an area closer to one of the surfaces of the membrane is cooled with such as a cool device, and an area closer to the other surface of the membrane is heated in order to distort and deform the perforations of the membrane and for forming uneven or distorted or deformed perforations in the membrane and thus for preventing the perforations of the membrane from being blocked by dirt or particles. A cold device is disposed in and spaced away from the heat device for forming an inner peripheral space between the heat device and the cold device and for receiving the membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel filter for removing sulfur containing compounds from an internal combustion fuel stream. In one embodiment, the fuel filter comprises at least one column comprising an adsorbent. In one exemplary embodiment the adsorbent is capable of removing sulfur containing compounds, especially sulfur containing aromatic compounds, from fuels used in internal combustion engines, especially diesel fuels. Also disclosed is an apparatus for extending the life cycle of a post combustion emission control device. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus comprises a fuel filter for removing sulfur containing compounds from an internal combustion fuel stream and an emission control device. Finally, a method for removing sulfur containing compounds from an internal combustion fuel stream is disclosed.

Abstract: A method in treating aqueous feedstream in diverse plant site environments is disclosed for improving filter flux rates, cleaning filter media and prolonging useful operative life of media. In preferred embodiments the method is provided with steps for contacting, reacting, pressurizing and equalizing ozone and feedstream within a central area or multiple areas and sustaining high pressure throughout the system to achieve qualitatively and quantitatively improved permeate products, and reject for recycle. The method and system provide an improved cleaning and processing system characterized by an ozone-concentrated, homogeneous single phase liquid conversion of a generated ozone gas mixture and a feedstream source containing organic and inorganic pollutants. The method improves and monitors ozone oxidizing power and reflecting ORP values, and provides further media cleaning and improved oxidation reactions for attack on pollutants on each cycle/recycle operation.

Abstract: A unique filtration device (10) which removes metal ions from a contaminated aqueous stream through the use of partially hollow wicking fibers (20) impregnated with a selected liquid (18) which can capture the metal ions in the aqueous stream. The wicking fibers (20) are formed into a filter element (12) which extends from a chamber (16) through which the aqueous stream is directed into a chamber (18) wherein the unwanted metal ions are removed from the extracting liquid (18). The wicking fibers (20) include internal longitudinal cavities (22) each with a relatively small longitudinal extending opening (24). The wicking fibers (20) are filled with the selected liquid extraction (18) which remains within the fiber through capillary action by which capillary action the individual wicking fibers (20) rapidly draw the selected liquid,(18) with which they comes into contact, through the internal cavities (22).

Abstract: Immunoassays of psychoactive drugs including psychotomimetic drugs, narcotic drugs, and tetrahydrocannabinols and treatment methods based on the antigenic properties of protein conjugates of these drugs. These methods are based upon treating the psychoactive substances as haptens and utilizing their protein conjugates to produce antibodies to the psychoactive materials themselves. The immunoassay methods include both agglutination and agglutination-inhibition reactions. The treatment methods include treatment of both exogenous, administered drugs (such as cannabinols, LSD, heroin and morphine) endogenous substances (such as N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

Abstract: A material contaminated with a solvent is treated with a hydrofluorocarbon to remove the contaminant. The hydrofluorocarbon can be tetrafluoroethane.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in whole body hypothermia includes a dialyzer having a blood side and a dialysate side separated by one or more dialysis membranes. A blood pump associated with the a blood circuit established on the blood side circulates blood through the dialyzer at high rates advantageous for hyperthermia treatments. A bypass is included whereby circulated blood can bypass the dialyzer. The bypass aids in preventing blood-side tensioning of dialyzer membranes thereby allowing proper membrane movement to assist in mixing a sorbent suspension circulated on the dialysate side of the dialyzer. A sorbent suspension composition for use as a dialysate in hemodialysis, especially when performed in conjunction with whole body hyperthermia, includes water, a surface adsorptive agent such as charcoal, a cation exchanger, and precipitated calcium phosphate. The precipitated calcium phosphate serves as a reservoir for calcium and phosphate ions to assist in controlling patient blood chemistries.

Abstract: Extracorporeal affinity adsorption devices which are aimed at the substantial removal of two or more compounds that are etiological in the pathogenesis of diseases in man, provide effective therapeutic intervention means for these diseases. The devices are particularly suitable for the treatment of atherosclerosis, cancer, degenerative and autoimmune diseases. Extracorporeal chelation and immunotherapy for artherosclerosis, extracorporeal chelation treatment with on-line regeneration or replacement of chelant, extracorporeal immunotherapy with antibody fragments, and extracorporeal immunoadsorption utilizing antibodies bound to Protein A are also disclosed.

Abstract: Extracorporeal affinity adsorption treatments which are aimed at the substantial removal of two or more compounds that are etiological in the pathogenesis of diseases in man provide effective therapeutic intervention means for these diseases. The methods are particularly suitable for the treatment of atherosclerosis, cancer, degenerative and autoimmune diseases. Extracorporeal chelation and immunotherapy for atherosclerosis, extracorporeal chelation treatment with on-line regeneration or replacement of chelant, extracorporeal immunotherapy with antibody fragments, and extracorporeal immunoadsorption utilizing antibodies bound to Protein A are also disclosed.

Abstract: A feed stream comprising a mixture of at least two separable components is separated into a permeate rich in one or more components and a retentate lean in those same components by a process comprising dissolving the feed in a supercritical solvent under supercritical conditions to produce a solution and contacting the solution with a dense, non-porous perstraction membrane having a first and a second surface, said contacting being along a first surface, wherein a portion of the feed dissolves into the first surface of the membrane, migrates through the perstraction membrane under a concentration gradient and emerges from the membrane at the second surface, as a permeate, the permeate being removed from the second surface by use of a sweep fluid comprising a supercritical solvent at supercritical conditions which may be the same as or different from the supercritical solvent in which the feed is dissolved.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for removing alcohol from beverages includes removing alcohol from the beverage to a dialysate by dialysis in a dialysis chamber, and then removing the alcohol from the dialysate by vacuum in a vacuum stripping column, wherein the dialysate is cooled in a heat exchanger and thereafter in a cooling device prior to entry of the dialysate into the dialysis chamber and the dialysate is heated in the heat exchanger and thereafter in a heater prior to removal of the alcohol from the dialysate by vacuum.

Abstract: A process for the selective dialysis of liquid streams containing different materials comprises the steps of providing a porous membrane in a cell, the membrane having pores of sufficient dimension to allow passage of the different materials therethrough, circulating an affinity adsorbent stream against a first side of the membrane, where the adsorbent has a dimension larger than that of the pores and has a binding capacity for at least one but not all of the different materials and, passing the liquid stream containing the different materials against a second side of the membrane whereby certain of the materials become bound to the adsorbent upon passing through the membrane to the first side thereof and become separated from others of the materials which can return to the second side of the membrane. A separate stripping process is also provided which can be employed in conjunction with the dialysis process or alone where it is desirable to remove bound materials from an affinity adsorbent material.

Abstract: A device for separating selected components from a colloidal suspension utilizing a vessel capable of holding the colloidal suspension. A membrane permeable to selected components of a colloidal suspension is sealed over a support to form a leaf element. The leaf element includes an outlet for the selected components of the colloidal suspension and is extended into the colloidal suspension. The leaf element is controllably vibrated and simultaneously with application of a negative or positive pressure which is used to motivate permeation of the membrane by selected components of the colloidal suspension.

Abstract: In a method and a device for the widespread fine-bubble aeration of liquids, resilient, perforated membranes, which are preferably in the form of aeration hoses, are arranged in a liquid receptacle and are maintained horizontal by means of holding and guiding devices and are stretched, relative to their rest states, preferably by means of tensioning devices. Because of the stretching, the passage of the gas is improved and a uniform, finely dispersed gas bubble formation is produced. For clearing the perforated membranes of blockages of the perforations, the streteched state of the membranes is briefly released and subsequently again reproduced. For strong impurities, the gas supply is interrupted, the membranes are exhausted of gas and water, the stretched state is subsequently released and, after a predetermined time, gas is again fed into the perforated membranes and then the stretched state is reproduced.

Abstract: A method in treating aqueous feedstream in diverse plant site environments is disclosed for improving filter flux rates, cleaning filter media and prolonging useful operative life of media. In preferred embodiments the method is provided with steps for contacting, reacting, pressurizing and equalizing ozone and feedstream within a central area or multiple areas and sustaining high pressure throughout the system to achieve qualitatively and quantitatively improved permeate products, and reject for recycle. The method and system provide an improved cleaning and processing system characterized by an ozone-concentrated, homogeneous single phase liquid conversion of a generated ozone gas mixture and a feedstream source containing organic and inorganic pollutants. The method improves and monitors ozone oxidizing power and reflecting ORP values, and provides further media cleaning and improved oxidation reactions for attack on pollutants on each cycle/recycle operation.