Abstract: The present inventions relates to an apparatus for purifying wastewater and a method thereof, which comprises: a stirring part to make bubbles impregnated into floc through high speed stirring by adding floc forming materials to influent and stirring them; an air supply part to supply air to the stirring part to make more bubbles impregnated; a pumping part to conduct pressurized conveying of the floc included treatment water; a cyclone part to separate high density floc to downstream and treatment water with low density floc to upstream from the pressurized treatment water; and a flotation part to separate floc from the treatment water with floc supplied from the cyclone part. Therefore, the present invention have an effect that it is possible to improve purification speed of wastewater and obtain good quality of purified water.

Abstract: A water treatment system using a high pressure advanced oxidation process with unreacted ozone reusing is disclosed, which are able to increase a decomposition speed of a pollutant by reusing a high pressure advanced oxidation process which uses an ozone and photocatalyst and a photo-oxidation reaction of a ultraviolet ray. The capacity of the expensive ozone generator can be reduced as compared to the conventional advanced oxidation process which uses a large capacity ozone generator in which almost ozone is discharged into the air. In addition, it is possible to decrease the load of the off-gas ozone removing apparatus for removing the off-gas ozone which is discharged into the air.

Abstract: Liquid clarifier and method for clarifying liquid, comprising a liquid reactor which comprises an cylindrical tank having an upper vertical section and a lower tapered section, an inner cylinder extending along at least part of the upper section of the tank and an outlet for clarified liquid at the top of the tank, where the liquid clarifier further comprises a gas compressor adapted to inject compressed gas into the lower region of the cylinder and an inlet for an unclear liquid at the upper region of the cylinder, and at least one partition wall inside the cylinder, where the at least one partition wall create flow channels in the lower region of the inner chamber, where the compressed gas is adapted to be injected through gas inlets in flow channel/s in order to create an upward flow in the flow channel/s having gas inlets, which will create a downward flow in the flow channel/s without gas inlets, where the at least one partition wall extends out of the lower region of the cylinder.

Abstract: System and methods are disclosed for filtering wastewater. In one embodiment, a water filtering system comprises a first filtering stage and a second filtering stage. The first filtering stage receives a flow of wastewater, and uses electrocoagulation to separate suspended particles from the wastewater and produce filtered wastewater. The second filtering stage receives the filtered wastewater from the first filtering stage, and uses mechanical filtering to remove suspended particles from the filtered wastewater and produce filtered water that is substantially free from suspended particles.

Abstract: A method of supplying engineered water for drilling or hydraulic fracturing of wells, where the water comes from either fresh sources or is recycled from drilling or hydraulic fracturing operations whereby the water is treated for example with a mechanical vapor recompression unit or other treating apparatuses and methods to significantly reduce the concentration of constituents that are deleterious to drilling or hydraulic fracturing chemistries while keeping desirable constituents, such as semi-volatile antimicrobial constituents. The final composition of the engineered water is designed to contain constituents that are optimal for drilling or hydraulic fracturing operations.

Abstract: A method for processing interface emulsion, water, and solids contained within a separator vessel that comprises the steps of continually extracting those components from the vessel and then passing them through a gas flotation cell. The cell, which is preferably a vertical induced gas flotation cell, separates the oil and water contained in the interface emulsion and discharges recovered oil from an upper portion of the cell and treated water from a bottom portion of the cell. The recovered oil and treated water may be further processed and recycled to the vessel or sent elsewhere. The treated water may also be recycled to the cell or sent to a process sewer. Fuel gas residing in an upper portion of the cell may be cooled and passed through a splitter. All the steps of the method comprise a closed system with no air emissions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing biogas from organic matter including a container (1) which is charged with fermentation substrate by a delivery system (13), and at least two stirring mechanisms (2) arranged in the container, the stirring mechanisms having propellers (3) which are rotated and generate mostly horizontal currents of the fermentation substrate in the container. The propeller diameters, the propeller geometries, and the positions of the propellers in the container are selected such that a shared mixing zone of the medium is generated in the container. Data for determining the mean speed and/or the viscosity of the medium in the mixing zone are detected and transmitted to a control unit (4) which varies actuating variables which modify the power input of the stirring mechanism into the mixing zone and/or the composition and/or the flow behavior of the container contents.

Abstract: A system and process for treating water wherein water to be treated is directed to an inlet zone and from the inlet zone to a mixing zone. A flotation zone receives water from the mixing zone. A clarified water collection area is disposed adjacent the flotation zone for receiving clarified water from the flotation zone. There is provided one or more spray nozzles disposed in the mixing zone for injecting pressurized water into the mixing zone and generating air bubbles in the mixing zone such that the air bubbles are mixed with the water to be treated. A perforated plate separates the inlet zone and the mixing zone and includes an array of openings through which water to be treated passes as the water to be treated moves from the inlet zone to the mixing zone. The openings in the perforated plate give rise to a homogeneous mixture of the water to be treated and the air bubbles that result from the pressurized water being injected into the mixing zone by the one or more spray nozzles.

Abstract: A skim tank includes a flow-control structure that forces a solid-depleted phase of a mixed-phase feed into a toroidal motion within the container to thereby provide an up-flow movement within the structure. Most preferably, at least a portion of the solid-depleted phase is recirculated to further increase up-flow movement within the structure.

Abstract: A system for removing dissolved contaminants, particulate contaminants, and oil contaminants from industrial waste water, the system including a gas floatation and primary oil contaminant removal subsystem including a tank for receiving a flow of the industrial waste water and a flow of gaseous microspheres, wherein the gaseous microspheres combine with oil droplets in the waste water to form flocs which float to the surface and are removed to provide processed waste water with the majority of the oil contaminants removed, and a contaminant removal subsystem for removing dissolved contaminants, particulate contaminants, and any remaining oil contaminants from the processed waste water.

Abstract: In reviewing the oil industry for the past 30 years there has been a need for a low maintenance, low cost, space saving Induced Gas Flotation Cell. With this said, a method has been invented to do this by making several changes in the present design philosophy of induced Gas flotation. First by providing a cylindrical vessel we have made a stronger unit with better structural integrity, and minimizing the opportunity for accelerated corrosion, secondly by changing the vital operations of the unit, specifically the recirculation rate of the system, lowering the overall discharge flow and increasing the discharge pressure we have been able to increase retention time and increase bubble dispersion, part and parcel with this change is the addition of multiple Eductors in each cell providing greater gasification per cell. The combination of these changes provides a greater overall efficiency thus the overboard water quality is improved using a smaller vessel to accomplish the objective.

Abstract: A method to purify water includes the steps of providing a septic tank to hold unpurified water and having an outlet to provide a water stream for processing, and processing the water in an electrocoagulation and flocculation reactor that uses electrical energy to convert dissolved solid material in the water stream into suspended particulate form that can be subsequently filtered and separated out. The method continues with introducing air into the water stream to promote aerobic processing of contaminants and to assist in agglomeration and flocculation of suspended solid material, filtering the water stream to separate suspended solid material from the stream and to adsorb some of its dissolved contaminants, and processing the water stream with a reverse osmosis processor that provides a reject stream that provides water back to the septic tank and a recycle stream that provides unpurified water back to the water stream exiting the septic tank.

Abstract: A method for regenerating silicon from silicon waste includes: placing and mixing silicon waste, a solvent having pH of approximately 5 to approximately 6, and a surfactant within a container; and injecting air into the container to separate floating matters and precipitates. Accordingly, since silicon is easily separated from the silicon waste, the regeneration yield of silicon is increased. Since the regenerated silicon is recyclable, it may be possible to obtain important substitution effect of high-purity silicon the entire amount of which depends on import. Moreover, environmental pollution may be reduced because the amount of the silicon waste disposed of by burial is decreased.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, systems and methods for using coal from coal processing sources to remove coal fines from a mixture and form a coal-on-coal composite particle.

Abstract: Apparatus 10 for separating a mixture of oil and water. The apparatus 10 comprises a cylindrical vessel 12, with a cylindrical divider 18 separating the vessel 12 into a central zone 24 and outer annular zone 22. An upper part of the divider 18 provides a weir to enable fluid in the central zone 24 to pass into the outer zone 22. A tangential inlet extends into the central zone 24 at a lower part of the vessel 12, with an outlet 36 at the upper end of the vessel 12 for oil and/or gas, and a water outlet 42 on the side of the vessel 12 a small distance above the bottom of the outer zone 22.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treatment of wastewater. In some embodiments, the system may comprise one or more modules such as an electrochemical module, an electrocoagulation module, a flotation module, an evaporation module, and an ultrafiltration module. One or more detection modules may also be provided to analyze the concentration of one or more wastewater components in the wastewater. Data from such modules may be used to adjust one or more operational parameters or conditions in the treatment system. The system may also comprise one or more features designed to minimize adverse effects on the environment, such as avoiding adding chemicals to the stream, extracting salt or other chemicals for re-use, and/or use of carbon dioxide gas from on-site combustion processes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for removing contaminants from an industrial fluid waste. The method comprises the steps of ozofractionating the industrial fluid waste, whereby contaminants are oxidised and a foam fractionate is formed; and separating at least a portion of the foam fractionate and any precipitate from the ozofractionated fluid.

Abstract: According to one implementation, a method of treating wastewater includes introducing air bubbles having a predetermined size into raw influent, allowing the air bubbles time to bind with grease particles in the influent and to rise, and collecting the grease particles bound with the air bubbles on an upper surface of the influent.

Abstract: A method and device for aggregating algae in an aqueous solution is disclosed. The method can include providing an algae feed comprising a liquid and algae dispersed therein. The algae feed can be aggregated by applying a nanosecond pulsed electric field to the algae feed. The nanosecond pulsed electric field can include a plurality of electric pulses having a pulse duration ranging from 1 to 1,000 nanoseconds. The method can also include separating an aggregated algae stream from the algae feed and feeding the aggregated algae stream to a lipid extraction operation.

Abstract: A fluid treatment apparatus comprises a fluid vessel defining first and second fluid chambers. A fluid inlet is provided for delivering a fluid to be treated into the first fluid chamber. One or more nozzle assemblies are provided for fluid communication between the first and second fluid chambers, wherein said nozzle assemblies are adapted to facilitate mixing of a gas with said fluid. The second fluid chamber is adapted to accommodate a fluid treatment process therein, including a floatation treatment. One specific use of the fluid treatment apparatus includes separating oil from water, particularly water produced from a subterranean formation.

Abstract: Apparatus, such as a flotation separation device, features a flotation cell or column configured to receive a mixture of water, valuable material and unwanted material; receive polymer-based materials, including polymer bubbles or beads, configured to attach to the valuable material in the mixture; and provide enriched polymer-based materials, including enriched polymer bubbles or beads, having the valuable material attached thereon.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of separating phase separated, neutrally buoyant materials from liquids and apparatuses for carrying out the methods. The methods and apparatuses employ nanobubbles. In certain embodiments, the nanobubbles may be formed in solutions of hydrophobically modified water soluble polymers. The methods result in removal of 90% by weight or more of neutrally buoyant materials from liquids. The methods are useful in certain embodiments for separating neutrally buoyant oily mixtures from water produced by mining operations.

Abstract: A method of dewatering algae and recycling water therefrom is presented. A method of dewatering a wet algal cell culture includes removing liquid from an algal cell culture to obtain a wet algal biomass having a lower liquid content than the algal cell culture. At least a portion of the liquid removed from the algal cell culture is recycled for use in a different algal cell culture. The method includes adding a water miscible solvent set to the wet algal biomass and waiting an amount of time to permit algal cells of the algal biomass to gather and isolating at least a portion of the gathered algal cells from at least a portion of the solvent set and liquid of the wet algal biomass so that a dewatered algal biomass is generated. The dewatered algal biomass can be used to generated algal products such as biofuels and nutraceuticals.

Abstract: Methods for reducing mercury content from a mercury-laden aqueous stream comprise contacting the aqueous stream with a tannin coagulant, a sulfide, such as a polyorganic sulfide, and an optional cationic flocculent. The invention is particularly well suited to reduce mercury content in mercury-containing wastewater streams of the type generated during oil and natural gas production.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for the treatment of contaminated fluids, in particular water. The system is generally a continuous flow system including a multi-stage cavitation device, an electrocoagulation device, and an air flotation unit. The electrocoagulation device includes a plurality of interweaved cathode and anode plates. The anode plates are coated with an oxygen generating mixed-metal oxide coating. The air flotation unit includes a cavitation aerator and electrode blocks to introduce air bubbles into the fluid. Contaminants attach to the air bubbles and float to the fluid surface where they are removed as sludge. Treated fluid is passed through a final filtration system. The methods involve the processes imparted by the various apparatuses on the fluid.

Abstract: A method obtains metal-containing valuable substances from a suspension that contains metal-containing valuable substances. A corresponding suspension which is pressurized after passing through at least one pump device and which is mixed with a gas is fed to at least one jet device of at least one flotation cell via at least one feed line. The metal-containing valuable substances are separated in the at least one flotation cell. The suspension that contains the metal-containing valuable substances is charged with gas at least partially after passing through the pump device before entering the jet device.

Abstract: A device is provided for filtering particles from a dishwashing fluid in a dishwashing machine, the dishwashing machine having a dishwashing container in which are disposed items to be subjected to the application of a dishwashing liquid thereto such that particles disentrained from the items during the application of a dishwashing liquid are entrained with the dishwashing liquid. The device includes a container operable to retain therein a predetermined quantity of a liquid mixed with at least one of a foam-forming substance and cleaning agents, the container including an arrangement for producing a flow of a gaseous fluid through the predetermined quantity of the liquid so as to generate a foam layer. The foam layer filters out from a dishwashing liquid passed through the foam layer a substantial fraction of particles entrained with the dishwashing liquid and such filtered-out particles are retained in the foam layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing particles from cooling water employing a flotation process to remove particulate matter from the cooling water, particularly during times of the year when particle content in the water is at its peak.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for enhanced electrocoagulation processing using enhanced membrane aeration are disclosed for effluent treatment. The apparatus has an enrichment means for establishing an ion rich air/gas stream and a membrane aerator for receiving the ionized air/gas stream and effluent to be treated. An ionized air/gas rich effluent feed stream flows out of the membrane aerator and is received at an electrocoagulation processing assembly for diffused ion enhanced electrocoagulation treatment.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process for treating wastewater containing fluoropolymer resin waste solids comprising: passing the wastewater through hollow fiber membranes to separate fluoropolymer resin waste solids and produce treated filtrate water; and removing the fluoropolymer resin waste solids from the wastewater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and systems for the production of fermentative alcohols such as ethanol and butanol. The present invention also provides methods for separating feed stream components for improved biomass processing and productivity.

Abstract: A multistage dissolved air flotation and advanced oxidation (MDAF-AO) system/method with multi-functions in oil recovery, solids removal, emulsion breaking, and advanced oxidation. Influent, with oil and suspended solids, enters a first stage for oil recovery includes a gas ionizer and an air dissolving pump. A second stage includes of two coagulation/flotation compartments connected in serial to enhance solids removal efficiencies. Micro air bubbles are created by air dissolving pumps in each compartment. A third stage is for the emulsion breaking unit to further remove or recover the emulsified oils. A fourth stage includes advanced oxidation by using ultraviolet (UV) and hydrogen peroxide to oxidize and disinfect the bacteria and microorganisms.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and method for wastewater purification. The system may include a sludge filtration unit, a screen filtration unit, a multi-media filtration unit, and a soluble hydrocarbon filtration unit. The sludge filtration unit may remove impurities from wastewater. Impurities include hydrocarbons, suspended solids, and/or dissolved solids. The screen filtration unit may remove impurities from the wastewater. The multi-media filtration unit may remove impurities from the wastewater. The soluble hydrocarbon filtration unit may remove impurities from the wastewater.

Abstract: Liquid clarifier and method for clarifying liquid, comprising a liquid reactor which comprises an cylindrical tank having an upper vertical section and a lower tapered section, an inner cylinder extending along at least part of the upper section of the tank and an outlet for clarified liquid at the top of the tank, where the liquid clarifier further comprises a gas compressor adapted to inject compressed gas into the lower region of the cylinder and an inlet for an unclear liquid at the upper region of the cylinder, and at least one partition wall inside the cylinder, where the at least one partition wall create flow channels in the lower region of the inner chamber, where the compressed gas is adapted to be injected through gas inlets in flow channel/s in order to create an upward flow in the flow channel/s having gas inlets, which will create a downward flow in the flow channel/s without gas inlets, where the at least one partition wall extends out of the lower region of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing solids separated from wastewater, or algae from algal solution, using an improved dissolved air flotation system that incorporates a slowly rotating cylindrical sieve at the end of an upward sloping beach to drain free water from the float, which has been pushed up the beach and onto the rotating sieve, and a doctor blade that removes the thickened float from the rotating sieve is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus that treats waste water, in particular waste water containing surfactants and including grey water, for local reuse. According to the invention, the process comprises a) collecting waste water in a reservoir; b) injecting gas into waste water from the reservoir to form bubbles in the waste water; c) separating the bubbles, and any entrained contaminants, from the waste water; d) drying the separated bubbles and returning any water recovered from the dried bubbles to the waste water undergoing treatment; e) optionally repeating steps b) to d) to achieve the desired purification of the waste water; and f) collecting the purified waste water.

Abstract: A method of delivering feed, for example a paraffinic solvent treated bitumen froth, to a separation vessel, for example a froth separation unit (FSU). The feed is delivered from one or more side inlets that may be substantially normal to, and flush with, the wall of the vessel. In contrast to certain conventional feed systems used in gravity separators which use a distributor plate to widely distribute the feed with a vessel, the feed is delivered such that it flows down the inside wall of the vessel. This feed delivery is characterized by a Richardson number of greater than 1.0. Such feed delivery is particularly useful where the feed has particles with a bi-modal size distribution to be separated from an overflow stream. The gentle flow serves to mitigate the upward flux of the smaller particles, for example mineral solids, by being trapped below the larger particles, for example precipitated asphaltene aggregates.

Abstract: A system and method of operating the same includes an absorption tank having a compressor communicating gas thereto, a suspended solid filtration tank having a primary inlet, a secondary inlet, a primary outlet and a secondary outlet and a pump comprising a pump inlet coupled to the secondary outlet and a pump outlet communicating fluid to the absorption tank. The absorption tank forms a solution from the fluid and gas. A turbine mechanically couples the pump with a common shaft extending to the pump. The turbine has a turbine inlet coupled to the absorption tank and a turbine outlet coupled to the secondary inlet. The turbine depressurizes the solution. The system may also use a centrifugal pump in place of a turbine and absorption tank.

Abstract: A method for removing immiscible fluid from contaminated water includes at least one chamber; an injection line in fluid communication with an inlet of the one chamber; bubble generation means in fluid communication with the injection line for injecting gas bubbles into the injection line and allowing mixing in the injection line of the gas bubbles and the contaminated water to form an inlet fluid; an inlet weir within the chamber adjacent the inlet; an immiscible fluid weir within the chamber; a trough for collecting the immiscible fluid and allowing the immiscible fluid to flow out of the at least one chamber through an immiscible fluid outlet; and a cleaned water outlet generally at the bottom of the chamber.

Abstract: Method and system for extracting and recovering hydrocarbons from wastewater and treating the water to improve its condition. A series of specific unit operations result in the extraction of hydrocarbons, solids and contaminants and the treatment of water to a condition which is fit for re-use or environmentally sustainable discharge. Phase separation between the water and hydrocarbons is effected using flotation techniques followed by collection of the hydrocarbons using a movable collection surface. The aqueous phase is processed by multiple filtration steps. The result is significant extraction and recovery of hydrocarbons and conservation of water for re-use or discharge to the environment in a process which is continuous and scalable for large or small operations.

Abstract: A system and process for treatment of sewage water from a building are disclosed. The system has a source of sewage water located inside or about a building, a sewage treatment apparatus to receive and treat sewage water from the sewage water source, and a storm drain connected to the sewage treatment apparatus—where the storm drain receives treated sewage water from the sewage treatment apparatus. The sewage treatment apparatus of the system has a sparger, an electrolytic cell, and an upper section. The sparger is below the upper section and above the electrolytic cell. The process includes receiving sewage water from a sewage water source, treating sewage water in the sewage treatment apparatus, and directing the treated sewage water to a storm drain.

Abstract: A flotation apparatus (10) for the separation of solid particles from a suspension with formation of a fraction lacking in solid particles and a fraction rich in solid particles comprises a tank with an inlet (14) for the suspension, with an outlet (16) for the fraction lacking in solid particles, with an outlet (18) for the fraction rich in solid particles, and with at least one block of slats (20) composed of multiple overlapping slats (22), wherein the at least one block of slats (20) has a rear side oriented toward the tank wall and a front side arranged on the opposite side of the block of slats (20). On the rear side of the at least one block of slats, a plate (26) is arranged which extends over at least a part of the rear side of the block of slats, wherein the plate has a plurality of openings which facilitate the penetration of liquid through the plate.

Abstract: An inlet device is provided for providing a mixture of a less dense liquid component and a more dense liquid component to a separator vessel. The inlet device comprises an annular chamber and an inlet which causes the mixture to swirl around the axis of the annular chamber. As a result, a vortex is caused in the separator vessel as the mixture enters it from the inlet device. This vortex is used to separate the more dense liquid component from the less dense liquid component, with the less dense liquid component being forced to the centre of the vortex where it is removed via an outlet which runs through the centre of the annular chamber. The inlet device also comprises a gas distributor for introducing gas bubbles into the mixture before it enters the separator vessel, thereby improving the separation of the more dense liquid component from the less dense liquid component.

Abstract: A combined sedimentation and pressure floatation wastewater treatment tank includes a tank body, a sedimentation treatment device and a pressure floatation treatment device. The tank body contains a predetermined amount of wastewater for treatment. The sedimentation treatment device is used to remove relatively heavier sludge from the wastewater by sedimentation treatment, and the pressure floatation treatment device is used to remove relatively lighter sludge from the initially treated wastewater by pressure floatation treatment. In operation, the wastewater is initially treated by the sedimentation treatment device and is further treated by the pressure floatation treatment device. Alternatively, the wastewater is initially treated by the pressure floatation treatment device and is further treated by the sedimentation treatment device.

Abstract: A dissolved air flotation clarifier for removing impurities from a liquid to be clarified. The dissolved air flotation clarifier includes a housing having an inlet for receiving a liquid to be clarified. The housing further includes a reaction zone, a clarification zone and an effluent channel. The reaction zone has at least one saturated water distributor and at least one dissolved air flotation nozzle operably connected to the at least one saturated water distributor to receive saturated water from the at least one saturated water distributor. The dissolved air flotation nozzle is configured to release micro-bubbles from a saturated water so that the micro-bubbles can mix with the liquid to be clarified to remove impurities from the liquid to be clarified.

Abstract: A method for removing immiscible fluid from contaminated water includes at least one chamber; an injection line in fluid communication with an inlet of the one chamber; bubble generation means in fluid communication with the injection line for injecting gas bubbles into the injection line and allowing mixing in the injection line of the gas bubbles and the contaminated water to form an inlet fluid; an inlet weir within the chamber adjacent the inlet; an immiscible fluid weir within the chamber; a trough for collecting the immiscible fluid and allowing the immiscible fluid to flow out of the at least one chamber through an immiscible fluid outlet; and a cleaned water outlet generally at the bottom of the chamber.

Abstract: An advanced oxidation procedure for treating solution waste water, comprising: applying an ultrasound-Fenton reaction, wherein said ultrasound-Fenton reaction includes: providing oxidants and at least one catalyst selected from bivalent metal ions which include Ti, Fe, Mg, Mo, and Cu; subjecting the treated solution and said oxidants and catalyst to ultrasound cavitation generated by a generator device; forcing a flow of treated solution through said ultrasound device adapted to generate ultrasound waves for forming cavitation in said treated solution, said flow of treated solution passing through at least one flow-through tubular reactor chamber of the ultrasound device, and wherein said cavitation is effected by longitudinally linear distributed string of ultrasound transducers fixedly disposed and attached along a length of said at least one tubular reactor chamber, and wherein said cavitation is effected along a width dimension of said reactor chamber.

Abstract: This invention reveals to the public the centralized sump oil and acid oil treatment process and system. The process consist of (1) the filter; (2) entry to reaction kettle, the sodium carbonate solution added at the time of air floatation till PH value keeps about 6.0-8.0; and emulsion splitter and flocculating agent added for further reaction; (3) suspension of air floatation and static settlement; (4) the international crude oil is collected after the detergent oil at the upper level of the reaction kettle is dehydrated under normal and reduced pressure; the wastewater is drained after filtering by the natural oil removal tank and the oil-water filter; the sludge is solidified by the cement and the quick lime and aluminium oxide are used as the coagulant aid for solidifying the sludge.

Abstract: A sparging device for a flotation cell may include a central gas tube with a central gas orifice which is adjoined by at least two connecting tubes each having a connecting gas orifice, the connecting tubes being aligned at a right angle ss to a longitudinal axis LZ of the central gas tube, the central gas orifice being connected to the connecting gas orifices, and each connecting tube being connected to at least one gas injection unit at its end remote from the central gas tube. A flotation cell with such a sparging device and a flotation method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for purifying water via freezing is disclosed. The process may include: contacting an aqueous mixture with a flotation medium, wherein the flotation medium has a density greater than or equal to the density of ice or hydrate and less than the density of the aqueous mixture or concentrated brine at its freezing point; reducing the temperature of the aqueous mixture to a temperature equal to or below the freezing point of the aqueous mixture to form ice or hydrate and a concentrate; phase separating the concentrate and the flotation medium; recovering the concentrate; and recovering the ice or hydrate and flotation medium as a slurry. Upon melting, phase separation of the resultant water from the flotation medium may provide a purified water product.