Abstract: A polluted water purifier for collecting a pollutant present in polluted water by flocculating the pollutant with a flocculant has a mixer 5 for mixing the polluted water with the flocculant F and air, an agitator 18 for agitating the polluted water, containing the flocculant F and the air, that flows into a cylindrical agitation chamber 6 along the inner surface thereof by making the polluted water into a spiraling stream so that the flocks formed by the flocculant F hold bubbles, and a separator 10 and 19, connected to the agitator 18, for temporarily storing the polluted water and for separating the flocks holding the bubbles.

Abstract: A water treatment process for raw water containing dissolved Fe2+ and H+ cations to reduce the Fe2+ cation concentration therein involves oxidation of the Fe2cations to Fe3+ cations with the formation in the water of solid Fe(OH)3 from the Fe3+ cations. The process comprises the steps of oxygenating the water and raising the pH of the water. The oxidation of the Fe2+ cations and the fromation of the Fe(OH)3 are carried out in the presence of suspended particulate material in the water, the particulate material being present in the water at a concentration of at least 5 g/l.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and systems for removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions. The methods and systems of these embodiments are particularly suited to removal of arsenic species as well as transition-metals, post-transition-metals, phosphates and other contaminants in aqueous solutions. The methods and systems of embodiments of the present invention provide for the addition of a reagent to a contaminated solution in combination with a pressurization process and a depressurization process. Contaminant particulates and solids produced in these processes may be removed by conventional separation techniques.

Abstract: A pretreatment system and a pretreatment method for recycling exhaust water, for purifying exhaust water to a water quality acceptable to ordinary water-purification equipment, has advantages of small space occupation, low energy consumption, and lower cost. By providing a mixing piping with coarse interior, a series of closed micro continuous stirred tank reactors can be established inside the pipe to form plenty of turbulent regions for thoroughly mixing the chemical and the exhaust water. Flocculent gels that carry pollutants and particles of the exhaust water then can be removed by a filtering unit, for purifying the exhaust water. Also, by providing a modified silt density index, the pollution of a sample water can be clearly scaled and monitored.

Abstract: A remediation agent and process produces a treated water that meets discharge standards required by local regulations and generates stabilized waste which does not require further treatment prior to disposal. The composition of the treatment chemical is applicable to the treatment of industrial wastewaters and more specifically those from automobile production, metal finishing, metal processing, oil refineries, textiles, wood treatment, tannery, circuit board manufacturing, and other miscellaneous industrial waste streams from operations such as paints, coatings, adhesives, soap and detergents, chemicals, and food processing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating water to abate their content in suspended matter and, as the case may be in parasites, characterised in that it consists in causing said water to pass through at least one sedimentation tank (1) at a treatment speed higher than 20 mph then, through at least a multilayer filter with decreasing size grading (2) at a treatment speed higher than 10 mph. The sedimentation tank used is preferably a sedimentation tank with ballasted floc preferably lamellar.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for reducing the viscosity of the settled mud or underflow of a raked thickener thereby reducing the torque necessary to move the rake blade through the settled mud. The method includes the step of delivering a viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade by pumping the viscosity modifier down the rake arm to an area in front of the rake blade. The method also includes an improved rake mechanism that includes a means for delivering viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade. The present invention also includes a method for increasing the rate of consolidation of flocculated solids in a slurry.

Abstract: Glycerin is effectively produced from a waste oil by a method comprising adding a strongly alkaline reducing water obtained by electrolyzing water containing sodium chloride to a waste oil selected from the group consisting of a waste edible oil, a fossil fuel waste oil and a mixture thereof, and extracting natural glycerin or synthetic glycerin by chemical reaction. Further, reusable edible oil is produced from a waste edible oil by a method comprising electrolyzing an aqueous solution having an electrolyte in an electrolytic cell, mixing a strongly alkaline reducing water generated at a cathode side of the electrolytic cell with a waste edible oil under ordinary temperature condition, and conducting oil/water separation, thereby purifying the waste edible oil to an extent such that it can be edible.

Abstract: A vortex sewage disposal apparatus for the disposal of construction sewage, comprising a hopper-type casing, a water inlet pipe, a lower outlet and a frame; within the water inlet pipe these are provided rapid-mixing blades, on the wall of the inlet pipe there are provided an upper and a lower reagent-filling holes used to add two treatment reagents successively, at the center of the hopper casing there is provided a central tube, at the lower end of the central tube there is mounted a conical separator, and inside the central tube there is provided a screw-type water lifter; on the top of the hopper casing there is provided a top baffle plate acting as an upper cover; a bleed pipe is provided for discharging oil and gas, the silt is discharged through the lower outlet, and the clear water ascents to a clear water tank and a water-directing tray and then flows into a water discharging pipe after crossing a dam board to be discharged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dehydrating a two-phase liquid mixture consisting of a thermoplastic synthetic melt phase and an aqueous phase, comprising the following steps: a) coagulation of the two-phase liquid mixture in a first extruder; b) dehydration of the coagulate in a twin screw extruder with a de-watering zone and screws working in an opposite direction; c) separation of constituents by degasifying. The inventive method is characterized in that a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder with screws working in the same direction is used as a first extruder in step a).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing a group of species of metal ions from an aqueous solution to be purified which involves the steps for each species in succession of adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution to a value where hydroxide precipitates of said species in its highest valency state are insoluble, then passing the aqueous solution through an ion state modification cell to raise the valence of the respective species to its highest valency state thus causing the ion specie to form the insoluble hydroxide, then removing the precipitated hydroxide from the aqueous solution by appropriate steps of settling and press filtering. A magnetic field is imposed between the electrodes which improves the efficiency of the ion state modification step.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for reducing the viscosity of the settled mud or underflow of a raked thickener thereby reducing the torque necessary to move the rake blade through the settled mud. The method includes the step of delivering a viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade by pumping the viscosity modifier down the rake arm to an area in front of the rake blade. The method also includes an improved rake mechanism that includes a means for delivering viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade. The present invention also includes a method for increasing the rate of consolidation of flocculated solids in a slurry.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a solid waste slurry formed from solid waste particles mixed with a liquid includes delivering a solid waste slurry to a first solid-liquid separation means for separating a first amount of the solid waste particles from the slurry, followed by delivering the solid waste slurry from the first solid-liquid separation means to a tank where the solid waste slurry is stirred to maintain the solid waste particles in suspension. The solid waste slurry is then discharged from the tank with a portion of the solid waste slurry being recirculated back to the tank while a second portion of the solid waste slurry is delivered to a second solid-liquid separation means for separating a second amount of the particles from the slurry.

Abstract: Process for the physico-chemical treatment of effluent, especially of surface water intended for consumption, comprising the successive steps of coagulation, flocculation and settling, a contacting mass being introduced into the water coming from the coagulation step, and therefore during the flocculation step, and this contacting mass consisting of part of the densified sludge resulting from the settling step and recycled in the flocculation step, this process being characterized in that at least part of the polyelectrolyte ensuring flocculation is injected into a sludge-recirculation circuit.

Abstract: Process and apparatus to strip volatile contaminants from a liquid supply stream in which the contaminants are dissolved. A gas inducing mixer-injector injects a stripping gas into the stream to form a mixed stream of liquid with its contaminants and bubbles of the stripping gas. The mixed stream is passed through a tangential degasser separator, withdrawing separated gas and water, while maintaining the flow part from the injector to the outlets of the separator at sub-atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to desalination of Sea water and of brakish water, and removal of harmful CO2 gas in exhaust from combustion apparatuses. The exhaust, rich in carbon dioxide (CO2) is diverted to a process chamber, where Sea water, after being mixed with Ammonia, as a catalyst to weaken the salt molecules, is pumped into the chamber and dispersed at many points near the top, as a fine spray, exposing the salt to the CO2 gas there. The internal bond of the salt molecules (NaCl) are weaker by the Ammonia in the water attaching and pulling on their Cl atom. The CO2 in the chamber is attaching and pulling on the Na atom of the salt molecules and are further reduces the bond, breaking them apart. Two heavy solids are formed, they settle in a clarifier below and are removed. Desalinated Sea water, in large quantities per ton of salt, over flows from the clarifier, for use in communities and for agriculture.

Abstract: An aqueous solution, for example, effluent from an off-gas scrubber, is treated to remove metal and metalloid ions by in situ precipitation of ferrous ions by the addition thereto of a ferrous ion-containing solution, salt or other such ferrous ion-containing source and a hydroxyl-yielding base in the presence of the metals and metalloids. The reaction conditions include a temperature of at least about 60° C., and a pH of from about 6 to about 10.

Abstract: A process of thickening an aqueous suspension of mineral solids by sedimentation comprising adding to the suspension water-soluble anionic bridging polymeric flocculant having intrinsic viscosity at least 5 dl/g and water-soluble cationic polymeric flocculant, allowing the solids to settle under gravity so as to form a lower underflow fraction containing a concentration of solids greater than that of the suspension and an upper overflow fraction containing a concentration of solids lower than that of the suspension and removing the underflow fraction, characterised in that the anionic and cationic flocculants are added to the suspension as an aqueous composition formed by blending 1 part by weight of the cationic polymeric flocculant with 2 to 99 parts by weight of the anionic polymeric flocculant and sufficient water to give a total polymer concentration of below 5 wt % and under conditions whereby counter-ionic precipitation can occur and in the aqueous composition substantially all of the anionic polymer

Abstract: A method and a device for dehydrating a heavy oil wherein an emulsion of water and a heavy oil is mixed in a stirring chamber together with a suitable amount of an emulsion breaker, the mixture is subjected to separation in a two-phase separation tank to a heavy oil-rich component and a water-rich component, the heavy oil-rich component is then fed to a dehydrator of a high voltage charge type in which separation to a dehydrated heavy oil and a water-rich component is effected, the water-rich component fractions supplied from the two-phase separation tank and the dehydrator are mixed in a pipeline, the mixture thus obtained is admixed with an O/W emulsion breaker and then, fed to a stirring chamber and finally separated to a heavy oil-containing component and a heavy oil-free water layer in a second separation chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treatment of acid waste waters or acid drainage waters containing metals comprising ferrous and ferric ions, the method comprising increasing the pH of the acid waste to at least 7.5 by addition of an alkaline reagent under conditions such that ferrous ions are stable with respect to oxidation to ferric ions, to form a precipitate and collecting the precipitate.

Abstract: A magnetic system and apparatus having a multi-dimensional gradient for continuous, on-line separation of components from a mixture of chemical entities which comprises at least one separation chamber with a plurality of channels and a plurality of magnets, and a method is provided for continuously and magnetically separating and treating components of a mixture of chemical entities using a multi-dimensional gradient.

Abstract: A treatment process for recovering protein, fatty and water component products from a float material produced by a waste water treatment system, wherein the protein and fatty components possess improved stability and are suitable for further processing for inclusion in various products, such as animal feed. The recovered water component can also be further processed before discharge into a sewer system.

Abstract: A new process for simultaneous extraction of dispersed and dissolved hydrocarbon contaminants from water. The process is based on the principle of injecting natural hydrocarbon gas to the water feed stream under pressure and temperature conditions which permit the gas to act as a solvent for dissolved and dispersed hydrocarbon contaminants. The dispersed particles "swell" and have a reduced density which markedly improves the efficiency of the downstream separation by liquid--liquid-hydrocyclones.

Abstract: In a process for the extraction of organic compounds contained in an aqueous solution of non-ionic surfactants which contain the organic compounds to be extracted, the aqueous solution is intensely mixed with a liquid which is not miscible with water whereby the organic compounds transfer to the liquid which is not miscible with water, and the blend of the aqueous solution and the liquid which is not miscible with water is then separated, the mixing and the separation process being performed in a centrifugal extractor.

Abstract: A solids separation system may be used to separate solids, such as cuttings from drilling fluids used in well drilling operations. The system includes a settling tank having transverse baffles defining a fluid receiving chamber, a fluid output chamber and one or more intermediate chambers. Fluid introduced into the fluid receiving chamber can flow in a sinuous path through apertures in the baffles to the fluid output chamber. Solids settle to the bottom of the settling tank. A material conveyor, preferably an auger, extends along a bottom surface of the settling tank to an outlet port in the fluid receiving chamber. A centrifuge is connected to the output port to receive fluid in which solids have been concentrated. Fluid output from the centrifuge is reintroduced into the settling tank. The apparatus and method of the invention permit a single centrifuge to be used to handle a higher volume of fluid than is possible with conventional methods and apparatus. This provides significant cost savings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating liquids or slurries includes first and second nozzles each having an inlet coupled to a liquid or slurry source and an outlet. A first vortex nozzle rotates a first liquid or slurry stream received from the first nozzle and delivers a first rotated liquid or slurry stream into a chamber. A second vortex nozzle rotates a second liquid or slurry stream received from the second nozzle and delivers a second rotated liquid or slurry stream into the chamber. The first and second vortex nozzles are positioned in an opposed relationship to collide the first rotated liquid or slurry stream with the second rotated liquid or slurry stream.

Abstract: A method for accelerating the treatment of chemical wastes, particularly recalcitrant wastes such as spent caustic, from the oil, gas, chemical, and petrochemical industries, in which normally slow physical mass transfer of different fluid phases, as well as other chemical reactions, are facilitated. The method involves mixing together the different fluid phases and delivering the mixture to a reaction vessel in the form of an aerosol and froth which provides a large surface area between the phases. The aerosol and froth mixture is maintained and replenished for a period of time sufficient to effect mass transfer and stripping of the contaminants to a selected level of completion. The method enables the provision of more environmentally acceptable wastes for disposal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for providing absorption of two fluid phases with one another and for the magnetic treatment of the phases for molecular realignment for effective separation of contaminants.

Abstract: In a method of treating an untreated flow of liquid charged with particles and/or colloids, the flow is caused to flow in a coagulation zone that is kept turbulent and in which the flow is mixed with a coagulant. The untreated flow and a granular material which is insoluble in and more dense than the flow are caused to flow in an intermediate zone in which the granular material is maintained in suspension. The flow with substantially all of the added granular material and the colloids or particles aggregated therein is caused to flow in a sedimentation zone in which a clarified effluent is separated from sludge consisting of the granular material and the aggregated particles or colloids. The sedimentation zone has an undivided flow cross section, with no separator plates and the effluent is caused to flow therein at an average settling speed of at least 15 m/h.

Abstract: Metal ions and/or complexes of metal ions are removed from a solution by formation of an insoluble chelated complex of the metal ions and a polymeric precipitating agent. A two-step process of mixing the influent with the precipitating agent is used to induce rapid precipitation and obtain large, self-agglomerated precipitate without addition of flocculating agent and/or pH adjustment. In addition, parallel loops are employed to simultaneously discharge treated metal-free solution and effectively collect/remove the precipitate-containing sludge without interfering with each other. The metal capturing capacity of the polymeric precipitant is maximized by forcing the influent solution through layers of the collected precipitate and by recycling unsaturated metal-precipitant complexes in the processing loop.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus in which a distribution head 6 is arranged in a sludge pipe 1, through which a wastewater or sewage sludge stream 2 flows, is associated with a rotational plane 18 and includes flocculation liquid outlets (10) and mixing blades (11). It is desirable to provide for a better admixing of the flocculant liquid to the wastewater or sewage sludge. This is achieved by forming the flocculant liquid outlets 10 as slots and the mixing blades 11 as strips which extend transverse to the rotational plane 18 and have a length equal to at least half of the width of the sludge stream. The flocculant liquid exits from each slot as a broad strip into which a following blade extends and pulls along its outer edge the flocculant liquid in a form of a foggy strip through the wastewater or sewage sludge. The water content of the flocculant liquid should be such that maximum 3 parts of the flocculant liquid is admixed to 100 parts of the wastewater or sewage sludge.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the uninterrupted transfer of oil and gas well drill cuttings from a collection point, such as a shale shaker trough, to several types of variously configured on rig and off rig receptacles. Two or more hoppers are arranged for alternating receipt and discharge of cuttings, the cuttings being continuously drawn to the hoppers by a suction force from an upstream blower. The receptacles utilized in the various embodiments are varied, such as barges, box containers, and slurry units. The hoppers are, in some embodiments, moved to remote locations, such as off rig barges, prior to beginning the cuttings transfer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating waste water to generate clarified water for reuse in industrial processes which includes the steps of adding agents to the waste stream to generate floccules, aerating the waste stream to cause a portion of the floccules to float, decanting floating floccules and lighter than water immiscible pollutants from the top surface of the waste stream, directing the waste stream through an incline clarifier so as to permit heavier than water floccules to form sludge in a bottom region of the clarifier. Sludge and decanted pollutants are sent to a bioremediation tank where hydrocarbons are decomposed and the remaining sludge is dewatered and compacted to a solid condition for disposal in a public waste facility. The clarified water is transferred to a steam generator or pressurized water delivery system for reuse. The invention is particularly useful for equipment cleaning operations such as in truckyards or airports.

Abstract: A method and a system which enable simple and inexpensive removal of heavy metals from a heavy-metal-containing substance. In this method, a substance containing heavy metals and water are introduced into a mixing bath in proportions by weight of 1:3 to 1:6. A strong acid is added to the mixture, and the mixture is stirred while its pH is maintained at a pH lower than 4. As a result of stirring of the substance at a pH 4, heavy metals are extracted into the liquid as metal ions. The metal-ion-containing liquid is input to a heavy metal precipitation bath, and the pH of the liquid is increased to a pH higher than 10 by addition of alkali to the liquid. Gas bubbles of carbonic acid gas are input to the liquid from a lower portion of the heavy metal precipitation bath, and they are broken into a large quantity of small gas bubbles of carbonic acid gas by turbine blades. The large quantity of gas bubbles of carbonic acid are brought into contact with the metal-ion-containing liquid having a pH higher than 10.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating waste liquids containing body fluids so as to prevent problems such as nosocomial infection due to such waste liquids containing body fluids discharged from patients under (surgical) operation or treatment, particularly those waste liquids containing blood or an irrigation liquid used to irrigate the body cavity of such patient. The method includes collecting a waste liquid containing body fluids into a container, separating the waste liquid into a supernatant liquor and a flocculate within the container, discharging the supernatant liquor from the container, and disposing of the flocculate remaining in the container together with the container.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for purifying water wherein a highly dispersed, hydrophobic flocculant is produced in situ. In the preferred methods, a dispersion of a water-insoluble, metallic soap is produced in situ by the reaction of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble, multivalent metal salt with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble, alkali soap. The apparatus of the present invention includes a first mixing chamber for producing in situ an aqueous dispersion of a hydrophobic flocculant. The apparatus further includes a second mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber and a flocculation/separation basin. The hydrophobic flocculant is evenly dispersing within the contaminated water by introduction into the second chamber through a high pressure pump and sparger.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving the dewatering and odor reduction characteristics of a liquid wastewater sludge, sediment, or soils to ultimately form a dewatered solid residual that includes nutrition enhancement of a resultant material that is suitable for distribution and marketing, and for incorporation in a fertilizer blend. The material meets Class A pathogen reduction by achieving disinfecting conditions. The method includes the addition of selective acids and bases to the liquid sludge which forms insoluble precipitates, and enmeshes the solids in the sludge to form a granular product. The method's applicability includes municipal, agricultural, food processing, industrial liquid and semi-liquid sludges, sediments, and soils.

Abstract: A method for treatment of water in which an aqueous solution containing a freshly made polymerised iron substance is produced, the produced polymerised iron substance is aged sufficiently long to provide for efficient treatment of water, and the aqueous solution containing aged polymerised iron substance is added to the water to be treated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solids and liquids effluent chemically enhanced treatment system comprising: (a) a pump for grinding solids and pumping ground solids and liquid effluent; (b) an inlet for introducing flocculant and coagulants into the solids and liquid effluent and mixing the flocculant with the solids and liquid effluent; (c) a mixing chamber having an inlet connected to an outlet of the pump, the mixing chamber having sufficient length to enable the flocculant and coagulants to fully mix with the solids and liquids effluent and form flocs which settle from the liquid effluent; (d) a settling chamber connected to an outlet of the mixing chamber, the settling chamber promoting laminar flow to the solids and liquid effluent and having sufficient length to enable the flocs in the liquid effluent to settle from the effluent; (e) a mechanical propulsion device for moving the solids and liquid effluent through the length of the settling chamber; and (f) a clarifier chamber connected to an outlet of the

Abstract: A plant for conditioning and dewatering a suspension comprises a belt press, centrifuge or other continuous dewatering apparatus (3), a flow-line (1) leading to the dewatering apparatus, a pump (2) for causing suspension to flow along the line (1), means (5-9) for dosing conditioner into he suspension at a dosing point (4), means (12) for measuring density D, means (10) for measuring the flow rate V and thereby for calculating the dry mass per unit time M, and control means (16, 17, 18) for automatically dosing a mount A of conditioner into the suspension where A-kM and k is a constant and for automatically varying V in response to D and for automatically varying the constant k in response to D.

Abstract: Method and equipment for purification of a liquid, where the liquid is polluted by other liquids or solid material, e.g. removing oil from oil contamined water, comprising a flocculation device (2) and a flotation device (8). The method comprises adding one or more chemicals to the liquid in a flocculation device that comprises one or more pipe loops (2) with built-in agitators (3, 20, 21) providing turbulence and plug-type flow through the loop. Thereupon purified liquid and pollutants are separated in the flotation device or in a sedimentation device (8). The equipment according to the invention comprises a pipe loop (2), provided with built-in agitator(s) (3, 20, 21), connected to the flotation device (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating ferrous ions from an iron-containing tinning electrolyte on the basis of methanesulfonic acid or phenolsulfonic acid, comprising the following steps:(a) providing a concentrated tin and iron-containing electrolyte containing 0.75 mols/l or more methanesulfonic acid phenolsulfonic acid(b) agitating and cooling the concentrated electrolyte to temperatures at which an insoluble Fe-salt preciptates(c) separating the insoluble precipitate to recover an electrolyte with a reduced iron concentration.and a recovery plant for tinning electrolytes on the basis of methanesulfonic acid or phenolsulfonic acid wherein this method is employed.

Abstract: A closed loop process is shown for treating oil and saline contaminated particulate materials such as drilling cuttings such as are encountered in oil and gas well bore drilling operations. The process includes at least two washing stages and three solids separation stages. A process fluid tank utilizes an auger to remove deposited solids from the process fluid while hot gases being bubbled through the tank facilitate separation and skimming of oil and hydrocarbon components from the tank surface.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treatment of sludge is provided. The process includes providing sludge in a substantially liquid form and an alkaline additive to a preferably substantially closed reactor vessel, mixing the sludge and additive to ensure said pH is greater than about 12, maintaining the pH for a predetermined period of time, optionally applying supplemental heat to the sludge mixture in the reactor vessel to a predetermined elevated temperature for a predetermined period of time, maintaining the sludge mixture in a substantially fluid liquid condition, and discharging the sludge and additive mixture from the reactor vessel in a substantially liquid form such that it lends itself to be handled by gravity flow. The apparatus provides means to accomplish the above process.

Abstract: In a method of treating an untreated flow of liquid charged with particles and/or colloids, the flow is caused to flow in a coagulation zone that is kept turbulent and in which the flow is mixed with a coagulant. The untreated flow and a granular material which is insoluble in and more dense than the flow are caused to flow in an intermediate zone in which the granular material is maintained in suspension. The flow with substantially all of the added granular material and the colloids or particles aggregated therein is caused to flow in a sedimentation zone in which a clarified effluent is separated from sludge consisting of the granular material and the aggregated particles or colloids. The sedimentation zone has an undivided flow cross section, with no separator plates and the effluent is caused to flow therein at an average settling speed of at least 15 m/h.

Abstract: The present invention discloses, in certain embodiments, a method for treating a concrete slurry to recover constituents thereof, the constituents including water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and cement solids, the method comprising removing aggregate from the concrete slurry with aggregate separation apparatus, the aggregate separation apparatus producing a secondary slurry containing cement solids, feeding the secondary slurry to a clarifier in which cement solids settle out from the secondary slurry to a bottom of the clarifier and a liquid which is primarily water is disposed above the cement solids, removing the liquid from the clarifier, feeding settled out cement solids in liquid from the clarifier to a centrifuge, separating settled out cement solids from the liquid in the centrifuge producing an amount of liquid and an amount of settled out cement solids with liquid.

Abstract: Water is recovered from sludge, such as from sewage treatment plants, or wood processing or food processing industries, by either electrically ionizing the sludge or treating the sludge with ultrasound, and then adding coagulant to the sludge to effect coagulation. Prior to or substantially simultaneously with coagulation, the sludge is vigorously mixed, and then the sludge is flocculated and water is mechanically removed from the flocculated sludge. Water removal can be optimized by adding news print pulp, or a tenside, to the sludge just prior to mechanical removal. Free water may also be removed by filtering just prior to mechanical removal, and mechanical removal can take place in two consecutive stages, first a low pressure (1-5 bar) stage to produce a cake, and then the cake is broken up and subjected to a high pressure (5-60 bar) stage.

Abstract: A recycling apparatus which preferably treats used antifreeze/coolant in four cycles is disclosed. The recycling apparatus includes a number of tanks for storing the antifreeze/coolant during the various treatment cycles, a number of containers for storing chemical reagents used to chemically treat the antifreeze/coolant and a number of filters used to capture impurities suspended in the treated antifreeze/coolant. During a fill cycle, the used antifreeze/coolant is introduced into a treatment tank and the concentration of the antifreeze/coolant is adjusted, if necessary, to a predefined range. During a mix cycle, the used antifreeze/coolant is mixed with various reagents to adjust the pH value, as well as to coagulate and flocculate the impurities. A reverse mixing and aspiration of the antifreeze/coolant in the tank during the mix cycle ensure that the reagents will mix well and react with the impurities in the used antifreeze/coolant to form a sludge.

Abstract: A sedimentation device for treating water and wastewater utilizing differential sedimentation and recirculation in an internal recirculation reactor with an upflow zone and a downflow zone within a settling tank. Inert particles are added to the internal recirculation reactor to increase the growth rate of forming flocs and increase the differential sedimentation of the flocs in the downflow zone.

Abstract: A separating device for extracting cholesterol from plasma uses a spinner to disperse plasma into an extracting solvent in the form of fine droplets to improve separation efficiency, thereby making it suitable for delipidating blood plasma. Blood plasma is delipidated by providing the plasma to the spinner and dispersing the plasma into the extracting solvent in fine droplets. A de-emulsification step removes residual solvent from the plasma. Blood is removed from an animal and the blood plasma is delipidated. Delipidated plasma is de-emulsified and combined with the animal blood, which is then reintroduced into the animal.