Abstract: A water heating and treatment system with UV lamp and anti-scale water treatment sanitation for suppression of pathogens and undesired bacterial content in a domestic hot water system includes an anti-scale device, and a UV sanitation lamp. A single or multiple mixing station supplies heated water to one or multiple temperature zones. A water heater sanitation loop includes a sanitation loop pump to circulate hot water within the water heater. A three-way return water diverter valve allows for safe sanitation of a domestic hot water system by diverting over temperature re-circulated water away from the mixing valve to a drain, as needed. A method for treating hot water to suppress pathogens and undesired bacterial content in a domestic hot water system is also described.

Abstract: A fluid sterilizing device includes a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber, a communication chamber and a light source. The first reaction chamber is connected to a fluid inlet. The second reaction chamber is connected to a fluid outlet. The communication chamber is connected the first reaction chamber with the second reaction chamber. The light source is configured to emit sterilization light to enter the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber. The fluid inlet allows a fluid to enter the first reaction chamber, the communication chamber allows the fluid to pass through and enter the second reaction chamber, and a flow velocity distribution of the fluid in the second reaction chamber is different from that of the fluid in the first reaction chamber.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a tank for storing an aqueous solution; and a UV light decontamination module configured for decontaminating aqueous solution stored in the tank. The UV light decontamination module is arranged in a wall of the tank. The UV light decontamination module includes a light source compartment which is accessible from an external area outside of the tank; and a light transmission member configured to transmit UV light from the light source compartment to a liquid space in fluid communication with aqueous solution stored in the tank. The light source compartment includes a light source to emit UV light through the light transmission member to the liquid space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of remediating wastewaters, preferably agricultural wastewaters resulting from animal production or contained animal feeding operation sites. The water is treated to promote assimilation of nutrients into algal biomass, which can be harvested and sold, and the resultant wastewater is then purified. According to the invention, short wavelength UV radiation (less than 280 nm wavelength) is used to pretreat wastewater, with the dose determined by absorbance of the water, not by bacterial load. Pretreated water exhibits changes in chromophoric dissolved organic matter that allows for improved and increased algae production by as much as 88%.

Abstract: A fluid processing apparatus includes: a casing having a fluid inlet pipe and a fluid outlet pipe; multiple rectifying plates with holes in parallel with each other provided within the casing on a side of the fluid inlet pipe, the rectifying plates being perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the casing; and a light source for irradiating fluid passing from the fluid inlet pipe through the casing to the fluid outlet pipe with ultraviolet rays.

Abstract: A device for monitoring and controlling water disinfecting systems having at least one broadband UV emitter arranged in a channel, wherein the device has at least one sensor, which is arranged in the water at a distance from the broadband UV emitter, and wherein the sensor is connected to a control unit, which is set up to control the output of the broadband UV emitter or the volumetric flow of water through the channel, wherein the sensor has a maximum sensitivity to UV radiation in a wavelength range between 200 nm and 240 nm.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include an elongate chamber. A UV source includes a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including an active layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The active layer emits radiation having a peak wavelength in a UV range. The semiconductor device is positioned on a wall of the elongate chamber. An inner surface of the elongate chamber is reflective.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an ozone contact tank, which includes a water inlet gallery (1), an aeration gallery (2), a water distribution zone (3), a reaction zone (4) and a water outlet trough (5) which are disposed according to the intake order and are communicated in sequence; the top of the water inlet gallery (1) is communicated with the top of the aeration gallery (2); the bottom of the aeration gallery (2) is communicated with a water inlet end of the water distribution zone (3) via a narrow passage (6); the top of the water distribution zone (3) is communicated with the bottom of the reaction zone (4) via a perforated plate (41); the top of the reaction zone (4) is communicated with the water outlet trough (5). The disclosure also provides an ozone contact method using the ozone contact tank, which can greatly improve the disinfection effect.

Abstract: A multi-chamber continuous tubular reactor for the transesterification of oil (e.g., waste cooking oil and the like) and methanol into glycol and fatty acid methyl (ethel) ester. The reactor includes a plurality of tubes, a plurality of fluidly coupled chambers, an inlet fluidly coupled to a first chamber of the plurality of chambers for receiving reactants, and an outlet fluidly coupled to a second chamber of the plurality of chambers for receiving products generated during a reaction within the plurality of chambers. At least one of the plurality of tubes is at least partially disposed within a lumen of another one of the plurality of tubes. The plurality of fluidly coupled chambers are defined, at least in part, by the plurality of tubes. The reactor is configured to generate a generally helical flow pattern through at least one of the plurality of chambers.

Abstract: An ultraviolet irradiation apparatus includes a fluid holder including a bottom portion having an upper surface and a lower surface, the bottom portion holding a fluid on the upper surface with a substantially uniform thickness; and a light-emitting device that substantially uniformly irradiates the fluid held on the upper surface with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A water treatment device and methods of treating water such as cooling tower water, agricultural water, water used in the production of oil and/or gas, swimming pool water, and hot tub or spa water, are described. The water treatment device utilizes ultraviolet radiation, a magnetic field, and ozone fortified air to treat the water, typically resulting in reduced microbial contamination and reduced alkalinity in cooling tower water. Cooling tower water may consequently be run at higher cycles of concentration while reducing or eliminating deposition of minerals on cooling tower components. Swimming pool water and hot tub water treated with the water treatment device typically requires less chlorine, and chlorine levels are typically more stable than without the device.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to a system and apparatus which is adapted to receive components including at least one counterelectrode (e.g. cathode) and at least one photoelectrode (e.g. anode) provided or arranged around at least one UV light source, and/or receive, contain and/or circulate fluid or aqueous solution.

Abstract: A water treatment device and methods of treating water such as cooling tower water, swimming pool water, and hot tub or spa water, are described. The water treatment device utilizes ultraviolet radiation, a magnetic field, and ozone fortified air to treat the water, typically resulting in reduced microbial contamination and reduced alkalinity in cooling tower water. Cooling tower water may consequently be run at higher cycles of concentration while reducing or eliminating deposition of minerals on cooling tower components. Swimming pool water and hot tub water treated with the water treatment device typically requires less chlorine, and chlorine levels are typically more stable than without the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and also a method for determining the degree of disinfection, and for determining the time point when a defined degree of disinfection is reached by a liquid, in particular drinking water, that is situated in a container which is light-permeable at least in a UV range.

Abstract: A method and devices comprise a low frequency high energy ultrasound system having at least one sonotrode projecting into a reactor vessel through which the liquid passes via at least one inlet orifice and at least one outlet orifice. To avoid cavitation at the sonotrode, in a close region of the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface a pressure/amplitude combination close to or above the pressure-amplitude characteristic line is generated at which considerably reduced or no cavitation occurs and in the adjacent region in the vessel at least in a region and at least at times a pressure/amplitude combination is maintained below the pressure-amplitude characteristic line at which cavitation is generated. A device has an inlet orifice arranged such that the liquid impacts directly onto the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface, and is shaped that in the close region of the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface a pressure close to or above the pressure-amplitude characteristic line prevails.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for generating energized water molecules and administering same to a human or other biological subject. The system includes a humidifying apparatus, and excitation apparatus, and a control system. The system may further include a fluid management system to assist in the delivery of energized water molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of liquids, comprising a filter module with a filter, an inlet for liquid, a first outlet for liquid and a second outlet for filtered liquid, wherein the inlet and the first outlet are positioned on a first side of the filter, and the second outlet is positioned on the second side of the filter, a first UV-treatment module with a first UV-light source, wherein the first UV-treatment module is connected with the first outlet of the filter module and adapted to receive liquid from the filter module, and to expose said liquid to UV-light from the first UV-light source, and a second UV-treatment module with a second UV-light source, wherein the second UV-treatment module is connected with the second outlet of the filter module adapted to receive filtered liquid from the filter module, and to expose said liquid to UV-light from the second UV-light source.

Abstract: A reactor unit for photocatalytic treatment of fluids such as air, includes a catalyzer device (4) comprising a catalytic material support having a generally tubular shape defining a fluid flow channel extending around and along a fluid flow path and a photocatalytic material coated on at least a portion of an internal surface of the support, and a radiation source (30) received in a central portion of the catalyzer device. The catalytic material support comprises a wall portion and a plurality of tapered protrusions (8) extending from an internal surface of the wall portion to a tip proximate to the radiation source, the tapered protrusions being arranged around the radiation source and along the fluid flow channel.

Abstract: This specification relates to an improved method, process and apparatus for disinfecting and sterilizing all types of surfaces and indoor air and room air contaminated with microorganisms. The improved apparatus consists of a multi-wavelength narrow spectral width UV source that is more effective than mercury based 254 nm germicidal lamps for destroying the DNA and outer shell or membrane of virus, bacteria, spores and cists.

Abstract: A method of treating contaminated air, gas and surfaces is accomplished through the nebulization of gas and/or liquid oxidants through a field of electromagnetic radiation or sonic waves. The contaminated gas and/or liquid streams are blended with gaseous and/or liquid oxidants by the nebulizer and directly injected in the energy field. Free radicals produced from oxidants in the presence of the energy field instantaneously oxidize a large effective surface area of the contaminated media. Surfaces are treated more efficiently with the energy field situated directly above and parallel to but not on the surface; a high-frequency energy field may be used to create a large concentration of free radicals without damaging the surface in a collimated beam of the field situated parallel to the surface. A catalyst may be employed at the tip (i.e. discharge orifices of gas and/or liquid) of the nebulizer or blended into the nebulized cloud to increase the formation of free radicals.

Abstract: Provided is a purifying apparatus, which includes ultraviolet lamps and an ozone lamp having different wavelengths from one another and disposed in tubes to remove bacteria, VOC, bad odors in water or air, and these tubes are arranged in a serial or parallel way. Folds are formed at inner ends of the spiral photocatalytic sheets which are in contact with the lamps and the respective lamps are inserted into to increase the contact area with air or water and the one with the lamp, thereby preventing the lamp from being damaged. The purifying apparatus includes: an outer case having an inlet and an outlet; a spiral photocatalytic sheet to be inserted into the outer case; a UV lamp to be inserted into the spiral photocatalytic sheet, wherein folds are disposed at an inner side of the spiral photocatalytic sheet where a space for inserting the UV lamp is formed.

Abstract: A method for sorting particles, in particular cells A and B. The method uses a single channel with only one input and only one output. A particle mix A and B in a fluid is introduced into the channel and particles within the channel are sorted.

Abstract: A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system and a free radical removal system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The free radical removal system can comprise use of a reducing agent. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized to regulate addition of the precursor compound, the intensity of the actinic radiation, and addition of the reducing agent to the water.

Abstract: A smell-diffusing cell array substrate, an apparatus configured to transfer smell information and an electronic device are provided, the smell-diffusing cell array substrate includes at least one smell-diffusing cell having a microcapsule with a core-shell structure. A shell of the microcapsule includes a wall material and a photocatalyst dispersed in the wall material. A core of the microcapsule includes a smell-diffusion material and a hydrophilic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photo-responsive layer and layer assembly which can be used for controlling a flow of liquid for example in a water-purification device. The photo-responsive layer according to the invention comprises a first domain comprising a first material comprising molecules having a photo-responsive moiety, wherein the first domain of the photo-responsive layer is capable of undergoing a reversible geometrical change when said photo-responsive moiety is exposed to photo-activating illumination, such as UV-radiation. The photo-responsive layer is useful in UV controlled membranes e.g. for water purification.

Abstract: A method of supplying engineered water for drilling or hydraulic fracturing of wells, where the water comes from either fresh sources or is recycled from drilling or hydraulic fracturing operations whereby the water is treated for example with a mechanical vapor recompression unit or other treating apparatuses and methods to significantly reduce the concentration of constituents that are deleterious to drilling or hydraulic fracturing chemistries while keeping desirable constituents, such as semi-volatile antimicrobial constituents. The final composition of the engineered water is designed to contain constituents that are optimal for drilling or hydraulic fracturing operations.

Abstract: Systems and methods for versatile water purification. The methods may include floating a raft on a source of water to be purified. The raft may provide inlet for the water. The methods may include pumping the water and selectively pre-treating the pumped water by chemical injection prior to filtration. The methods may include passing the pumped water, sequentially, through a multi media filter to produce filtered water, into a plurality of reverse osmosis columns to produce osmosis water, and into a buffer tank. The methods may include injecting ozone into water pumped from the tank, and selectively returning the ozone-injected water to the tank via a first valve. Via a second valve, the ozone-injected water may be passed to a bottle washing station for washing and sterilization of receptacles to receive purified waters pumped from the tank. Methods may include Ultra Violet and chemical treatment of water prior to dispensing.

Abstract: Water purification apparatus, comprising an elongate UV source and a conduit for water to be purified formed of a UV transmissive material, wherein the conduit has an inlet and an outlet and positioned so that part of it is wrapped around at least part of the UV source thereby to sterilize water within the conduit, further comprising reflective means for UV radiation to be reflected onto one or more parts of the conduit which extends beyond the part which is wrapped around the UV source.

Abstract: A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. The system and method protect other components of the water system from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. The system and method also recycle ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge to further treat the water. A gas infusion system upstream of or inside a plasma reaction chamber may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation.

Abstract: Some aspects of the invention may be related to an ultraviolet (UV) water disinfection system and a method of assembling such system. The system may be designed to treat, inactivate, disintegrate and/or remove at least two predetermined different types of contaminations. The system may include a chamber to carry the water containing the predetermined types of contaminations. The system may further include one or more first-type UV lamps having a first UV emission spectrum and one or more second-type UV lamps having a second UV emission spectrum different than the first spectrum. A location of the one or more first-type UV lamps and the one or more second-type UV lamps may be determined such that a combined UV impact function matches with a combined sensitivity response function of the two or more predetermined different types of contaminations in the water each having a different response function.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for purifying liquids, in particular for purifying ballast water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying water, without the addition of salts, for treating swimming pool water, which comprises the simultaneous application of electrolysis and ultraviolet radiation techniques on the water to be treated, which takes place in a single reactor. It also relates to a reactor for purifying water, without the addition of salts, according to the preceding method comprising, within a tubular body, at least one bundle of electrodes with at least two electrodes each, at least two ultraviolet lamps, and a water inlet connection and a water outlet connection.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed toward a novel pressurized vapor cycle for distilling liquids. In an embodiment of the invention, a liquid purification system is revealed, including the elements of an input for receiving untreated liquid, a vaporizer coupled to the input for transforming the liquid to vapor, a head chamber for collecting the vapor, a vapor pump with an internal drive shaft and an eccentric rotor with a rotatable housing for compressing vapor, a condenser in communication with the vapor pump for transforming the compressed vapor into a distilled product, and an electric motor with motor rotor and magnets hermetically sealed within the fluid pressure boundary of the distillation system.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating wastewaters and sewage slurries, and for converting them to disinfected and stabilized sludge by irradiating with electrons and mixing with a base which steps produce a sludge that conforms to the EPA's requirements, and that is usable in agriculture.

Abstract: The disclosed water purifier comprises an outer wall, a RAW water inflow section that allows inflow of RAW water from outside said outer wall, a purifying section, an ultraviolet ray sterilizing section that has an ultraviolet ray source, a purified water outflow section that allows purified water that has been purified in said purifying section and sterilized in said ultraviolet ray sterilizing section to flow to the outside of said outer wall, a condition-detecting unit, and a control unit that controls generation of ultraviolet rays from said ultraviolet ray source according to the detection by said condition-detecting unit.

Abstract: A UV Disinfection System is provided comprising a wastewater treatment device in combination with a UV treatment device. Multiple embodiments provide that the UV treatment device is contained substantially within the wastewater treatment device. Embodiments include those wherein the UV treatment device is substantially vertically oriented and extends downward from an outlet shared by the wastewater treatment device and the UV treatment device, thereby requiring all flow exiting the wastewater treatment device to pass through the UV treatment device.

Abstract: The installation comprises three reaction vessels (100, 200, 300) in series, each containing an aqueous phase and a specific bacterial population. The vessels serve in succession to dissolve the liquid feedstock for treatment by enzymatic hydrolysis, then to biodegrade the resulting effluent by biological digestion, and finally to reduce the residual bacterial components by biological action. The vessels are mutually isolated by tangential filters (108, 208, 308) and by centrifugal separators (212, 312) for filtering the biomass from the reaction products. The result is a final liquid effluent (EFF/N) that is essentially non-organic, with the filtered biomass downstream constituting an ultimate organic waste (DU) of reduced volume.

Abstract: A method for reducing fecal coliforms in waste water wherein the flow of water is directed through a reactor having removable cover, inlet and outlet, two UV lamps, six irradiating chambers, each interconnected by apertures, a UV lamp control box, and a heat a conducting pipe to transfer heat from the control box into the flowing water.

Abstract: A water filter will sterilize and detoxify water by taking advantage of two technologies in the field of water disinfection and detoxification—ultraviolet “C” (UVC) and photocatalytic oxidation (PCO). The water filter includes a filter body that contains a water inlet, a flow header and granular activated carbon. A UVC lamp sleeve extends into the filter body into which a UVC lamp is disposed. The filter body, the UVC sleeve and the granulated activated carbon are coated with titanium dioxide, turning all these surfaces into a semi-conductor that triggers a powerful PCO process when UVC photons comes in contact therewith. The carbon media adsorbs organic compounds present in the incoming water, allowing the PCO and UVC ample time to complete the oxidation process. Continuous break down of organic compounds by PCO and UVC allows the carbon media to self-regenerate itself indefinitely. The technology is scalable to any size and application.

Abstract: A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system and a free radical removal system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The free radical removal system can comprise use of a reducing agent. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized to regulate addition of the precursor compound, the intensity of the actinic radiation, and addition of the reducing agent to the water.

Abstract: A clinical analyser wastewater treatment apparatus is disclosed including a carbonator section. Preferably there is also an anodic oxidation section and a UV oxidation section, as well as a heavy metal removal section. The anodic oxidation section may include a conductive diamond anode. The apparatus may include a measurement device downstream of the carbonator section and a control system to control the operation of the carbonator. The measurement device is preferably a pH sensor.

Abstract: An inline intravenous (IV) fluid sterilization system can be located within directly upstream of the patient's access point, downstream of any breach points, so as to ensure fluid sterility. The chamber space between the walls is accessed by a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port between which the fluid flows. The inlet port is connected to a conduit/tubing from the fluid source and the outlet port is interconnected with a conduit/tubing that is free of breach points and interconnects to the patient access point. The inner wall allows for transmission of UV light into the fluid space. The walls define a space therebetween that is relatively small radially, allowing for a sufficient flow rate, but providing a large surface area and small fluid depth for exposure to the UV light. The UV light is provided by an elongated lamp within a cavity of the inner wall.

Abstract: A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system and a free radical removal system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The free radical removal system can comprise use of a reducing agent. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized to regulate addition of the precursor compound, the intensity of the actinic radiation, and addition of the reducing agent to the water.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a hybrid photocatalyst which is a layered aluminosilicate, possibly organically modified, containing compounds introduced into the aluminosilicate galleries bearing groups such as porphyrin, rose bengal, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, tetracene, rubrene, naphthalene, phthalocyanines, coumarins, and methylene blue, which are organic chromophores able to absorb visible and/or ultraviolet light and sensitize photochemical reactions. The invention includes also the methods of synthesis and application of the photocatalysts for the photocatalytical degradation of water pollutants.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for continuously producing low concentrations of chlorine dioxide from dilute solutions of sodium chlorite. The low concentrations of chlorine dioxide produced allow for reduced exposure risk with direct application of the chlorine dioxide stream. The incorporation of a suitable chlorine dioxide detector permits continuous monitoring and control of chlorine dioxide production ensuring that the process stays within regulatory guidelines. Pretreatment of reaction water is preferred for achieving suitable conversion rates of the low concentrations of chlorite to chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A UV liquid treatment system comprises least one UV treatment unit including a unit container having a container interior; a liquid distribution head carried by the unit container; at least one liquid inlet passage in the liquid distribution head and disposed in fluid communication with the unit container interior of the unit container; at least one liquid outlet passage in the liquid distribution head and disposed in fluid communication with the unit container interior of the unit container; a transparent light bulb shield carried by the liquid distribution head and having a shield interior; an assembly cavity in the liquid distribution head and communicating with the shield interior of the light bulb shield; a UV light assembly having a UV light bulb removably seated in the assembly cavity, the UV light bulb disposed in the shield interior of the light bulb shield; and a power source electrically connected to the UV light bulb of the UV light assembly.

Abstract: A device is proposed for the UV disinfection of liquids in an open or closed channel, having an inflow for the liquid to be disinfected, at least one UV irradiator arranged downstream of the inflow in a main flow direction and also having an outflow arranged downstream of the UV irradiator, in which a mixing device, driven by an electric motor, is arranged between the inflow and the at least one UV irradiator, which mixing device is set up for generating a cross-flow having at least one velocity component transverse to the main flow direction in order to improve mixing of the liquid.

Abstract: A method of treating water in order to minimize scaling and biomass buildup in water conduits or containers in which the treated water is used includes pressurizing and optionally filtering ambient air, processing the pressurized ambient air in a chamber including at least one ultraviolet light source operated to generate an output flow mixture of pressurized air and reactive oxygen species (ROS) gas, mixing the pressurized ROS/gas output mixture to realize a flow of water/pressurized ROS gas/air mixture and outputting the flow of water/pressurized ROS gas/air mixture as the treated water process product. The process includes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) gas in the pressurized ROS/gas output mixture including at least one of Super Oxide (O2?), Peroxide (—O2—), Hydro peroxide (HO2?), Hydroxyl Radicals (OH.), Ozone (O3?) and Molecular Oxygen (O2).

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved sterilizing device (1) for sterilizing of a fluid by UV-radiation. The sterilizing device (1) has a modular setup with at least one flange (2, 3), an inner and an outer tube (4, 5) and comprises at least one UV-lamp (16) for emitting UV-radiation. A lamp tag (32) attached to or incorporated in the at least one UV-lamp (16) comprises information regarding the UV-lamp (16). The lamp tag (32) is interconnected with a lamp sensor unit (18) and/or a control unit (19) and may comprise sensors to control the sterilizing process.