Abstract: For the treatment of waste water in the liquid treatment of a textile material, air bubbles are generated in water containing floating impurities stored tentatively in a waste water tank so as to adhere the impurities on the surface of the air bubbles, adhering the impurities together with air bubbles on the surface of a filter comprising a mesh belt or a mesh drum by pulling up the filter successively, and removing the impurities from the filter thus pulled up due to the effect of vacuum suction, and an apparatus therefor. The impurities remaining still on the surface of the filter may further be removed therefrom by washing the filter with the aid of water and air jets.

Abstract: A unit for cleaning and reclaiming contaminated coolant, including a unitary tank structure having a first storage compartment for contaminated coolant and a second storage compartment for clean coolant. A drag-type conveyor extends along the bottom of the first compartment for removing coarse contaminants in the form of a sludge. A pump supplies partially cleaned coolant from the first compartment to a filter unit disposed above the second compartment. The filter unit employs a movable conveyor belt having a filter paper extending over the belt for movement therewith. The coolant from the first tank is discharged onto the filter paper so that contaminants collect thereon and move with the filter paper for external discharge. The cleaned coolant flows downwardly through the filter paper and collect in the second compartment.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating relatively large undesirable particles from a slurry includes an endless movable filter belt mounted for movement along a horizontal path and supply means depositing slurry carrying large particles on the upper surface of the filter means. Pressurized gas jets are positioned beneath the lower surface of the filter means in the area beneath which the slurry and relatively large particles are deposited to agitate same and suction means beneath the filter belt to separate the slurry from the relatively large particles to provide purified slurry. Gas from the slurry is separated by a degasser having a spiral floor partition which slurry comprises drilling mud and said large particles comprise earth cuttings comprises a common wall between gas and slurry outflow conduits in a space-saving manner.

Abstract: Process for recovering water of reduced salinity by contacting a semipermeable hydrophilic composite sheet with high salinity water and recovering a lower salinity water from the water sorbed in the sheet by applying sufficient physical pressure to force the water out of the sheet.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for treating a permeable web with a fluid. The apparatus has a rotatable drum with a fluid permeable endless belt reeved about at least a portion of the drum circumference. Two or more spaced-apart press rolls bear against the outer surface of the belt, pressing it against the drum with sufficient force to form nip zones. A belt position control mechanism gives the belt limited freedom of radial movement away from the drum in the area between the nip zones. This permits a gap of controllable dimension to form between the drum and the belt. The gapped region defines a volume which creates a permeable web treating zone. The drum surface has at least one row of spaced apertures located entirely around its circumference. These apertures communicate with a fluid supply system which can supply treating fluid under pressure outwardly through the surface apertures into the treating zones between the press rolls.

Abstract: A method of filtering utilizes a filtering apparatus having a filter member presenting a plurality of flow paths therethrough of a form to retain at least a portion of the material to be extracted the method comprising the steps of passing a stream of fluid to be filtered in a forward direction from an inlet through the filter member, moving the filter member out of the stream of fluid, changing the geometry of the filter member under gravity, e.g. by inverting the filter member, to assist in removal of extracted material from the filter member.

Abstract: A dewatering method and apparatus is disclosed which uses a ramp at one end of a perforate conveyor in which the incline of the ramp may be adjusted while the dewatering operation is taking place. The ramp receives material to be further dewatered after the material has moved along the length of the perforate conveyor. The ramp causes the material to roll back upon itself as the material tends to move up the ramp, which rolling back action enhances dewatering. An actuator is coupled with said ramp for effecting movement of said ramp with respect to the conveyor to adjust the incline of the ramp with respect to the upper surface of the conveyor. In this way, the operator may readily optimize the rolling back action of the material to be dewatered to, in turn, thereby provide optimum dewatering. The ramp is also capable of being completely lifted out of the flow of material to be dewatered while the apparatus is in operation and while the dewatering process is being carried out.

Abstract: A chicane system is provided in a belt filter press in a gravity drainage zone. The gravity drainage zone includes a movable filter belt, an inlet for distributing a suspension on the filter belt and an outlet for discharging separated liquid and solid components of the suspension. A support rod is mounted over the filter belt and has a longitudinal axis generally perpendicular to the filter belt movement. A plurality of flow turners depend from the support rod and engage the filter belt to prevent clogging of the filter belt by the suspension solid component. Each flow turner includes a plow portion extending into the suspension and engaging the filter belt and a leaf spring portion fixed at one end to the support rod and at an opposite end to the plow portion. Each leaf spring portion is stressed to bias and force its plow portion against the filter belt.

Abstract: A method of filtering coolant for a central coolant system supplying clean coolant to a plurality of machining stations. The method simultaneously filters the coolant in a single tank through both a perforate drum filter and a paper filter to obtain clean coolant of two distinct clarity levels. The coolant of enhanced clarity resulting from the operation of the paper filter either can be supplied to a machine requiring such coolant clarity (e.g., a gun drill) or can be used as a "polishing filter" to remove fines from the coolant in the central system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a water sludge suspension is initially separated from the water by skimming and then is conveyed to a dewatering station at which the sludge is oscillated or vibrated to separate mechanically the water from the solid sludge material. Preferably, at the dewatering station, the sludge is dropped a predetermined distance onto a sieve, the impact of the falling sludge producing a squeezing action on the sludge to initially exude the occluded water. The sieve, which is inclined, is then oscillated or vibrated to work the sludge to further exude water therefrom and to urge the sludge down the inclined surface of the sieve. After traveling to the bottom of the sieve, the sludge, now substantially dewatered, is received by a container for disposal.

Abstract: A level measuring sensor is arranged at the start of the straining zone in the perforated belt press and this in particular measures the level change and then regulates the flocculant inflow. In order that the level in the straining zone is stabilized, the perforated belt press must operate in the overflocculation zone. If the flocculant inflow is reduced to the technically possible operating limit, the dry substance content of the filter cake has an optimum value. Thus, the optimization of the control of the operation of the perforated belt press can be reduced to a relatively simple measurement of a level or the time changed thereto.

Abstract: In a dewatering machine for dewatering wet solids in which an elastomeric covered roll applies pressure upon one or more dewatering valves, the improvement whereby the elastomeric roll covering is a multi-layer covering having a graded hardness across the covering layer. A typical covered roll of such a machine is one in which a soft rubber-like material adheres to the surface of the roll and is covered by a harder outer covering.

Abstract: A method of, and washing machine or washer for, washing stock suspensions, wherein a rotatable cylinder having a solid smooth surface is encircled along a portion of its circumference by a movable endless wire or filter band. The stock suspension to be dewatered and washed is infed by a flat jet nozzle between the rotatable solid cylinder and the movable endless wire. The fiber web formed between the rotatable solid cylinder and the movable endless wire has a weight of less than 100 grams per square meter, preferably 30 to 70 grams per square meter. The wire speed and the circumferential speed of the rotatable solid cylinder is in the order of about 400 to 1,200 meters per minute. After through-flow of the stock suspension between the rotatable solid cylinder and the movable endless wire, the dewatered and washed fiber material is removed from the movable endless wire and the rotatable solid cylinder, respectively, collected in a collecting container and delivered for further processing.

Abstract: An aircushion and fluid film bearing arrangement particularly suitable for supporting the undersurfaces of the outer edges of the transport belt in a horizontal belt vacuum filter is disclosed wherein the respective air box sections beneath the edges are fabricated into parallel members each exteriorly rectangular in form and having an air pressure chamber therein triangular in cross-section with its apex forming a longitudinal slot centrally disposed in the flat upper surface of the box, which slot communicates the air pressure admitted to the chamber to the upper surface of the box. Longitudinal sealing guides are upstandingly mounted on the upper edges of each air box and form fluid-pressure chambers above the flat upper surfaces in cooperation with the undersurface of the transport belt, which chambers contain the communicated air pressure and create a fluid cushion exerting evenly balanced supporting forces across the outer undersides of the belt.

Abstract: Tightness device between the conveyor belt and a fixed vacuum box in a belt filter, wherein said device comprises a single endless friction belt, which is not integral with the conveyor belt but which is driven by it and guided over the vacuum box, said friction belt comprising cavities provided with communication apertures which correspond with an upper opening of the vacuum box, said cavities being wider than the discharge holes provided substantially in the center of the conveyor belt.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a method of dehydrating a wet sludge. The wet sludge which is subjected to a preliminary dehydration by gravity dehydration or the like, is pelletized by a pelletizer, and obtained pellets of the sludge are subjected to compression dehydration with a pair of endless filter fabrics.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rejuvenating oil well drilling mud is provided by an endless filter which is supported by a pair of spaced driven drums; drilling mud is distributed onto a moving flight of the filter at spaced locations so as to provide layers of the drilling mud on the filter. Passage of the drilling mud through the filter is assisted by spraying the drilling mud with drilling mud which has passed through the system (filtrate) and by applying suction to the underside of the filter. The drilling mud, after passing through the filter is degassed in a second stage degasser. The filter is cleaned by a solution spray, and by back washing with air and either water or diesel oil.

Abstract: The washing efficiency of removal of cooking and bleaching chemicals from cellulose paper pulp on horizontal belt washing filters is improved by disrupting the filter mat adjacent the belt intermediately of soft, displacement wash liquor applications to the filter mat topside. The objective may be achieved by directing a line of low volume, high pressure jets of filtrate or wash liquor against the belt underside. Alternatively, sonicly vibrated foils extended transversely of and adjacent to the belt are effective to disrupt the filler mat pursuant to the invention objective.

Abstract: A method for the draining of sludges utilizing a filter aid composed of a mixture of porous organic materials capable of absorbing large amounts of liquid to absorb the sludge particles and a ballast liquid containing particles larger than the sludge particles is disclosed. The filtering aid prevents the redissolving of the sludge particles normally observed in chemical flocculation and chemical contamination of the agent.

Abstract: A perturbed feedback control system for a process. Inputs to the process include a feed stream and a manipulated variable. The manipulated variable is controlled by a feedback controller. Measurements of a parameter measured "downstream" of the process are taken periodically and fed back to the controller. The feedback controller generates a control response on the basis of a comparison of the two most recent values of the downstream parameter. The comparison is made by calculating a perturbed set point which includes the values of the downstream parameter taken at the two most recent sampling periods. In a specific embodiment, the perturbed set point also includes measurements of the most recent and preceding values of the manipulated variable. A control response is applied to the manipulated variable by the feedback controller based on the value of the perturbed set point. The control system has been applied to optimize the feed rate of chemicals for sludge dewatering on a twin belt filter press.

Abstract: An endless moving filter belt of fine mesh, woven polymeric fibers is provided through which is passed a liquid containing particles, such as from an oil cooking bath. The particles are filtered from the oil bath, and deposited on the belt. The particles are then continuously scraped off the filter belt and onto an endless moving discharge belt where they are dried and carried to waste. The filter belt is continuously flushed by hot, filtered recycle oil.The system also may be used for filtering sewage, in water clean-up, for separating water and metal particles from milling machines, etc.

Abstract: In the treatment of a zeolite suspension to separate solids from the mother and/or washing liquor, a vibrator is used in the suction drying zone of a vacuum filter in order to partially liquefy the filter cake material through the introduction of shear forces into the solidified filter cake, so that further separation of the pure liquid phase can take place in the suction drying zone of the vacuum filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to the dewatering of naturally moist crude peat. In the method disclosed, dewatering is accomplished in stages. In the first stage, the peat is passed through a press (A) to produce an intermediate product which is passed to a filter press system (B) where the peat is further dewatered in at least two successive filter press chambers (11,13). In passage between the press chambers the peat is loosened and in the last dewatering stage (13) the peat is compacted. The resultant product can be handleable and transportable with minimal risk. In addition to being largely independent of weather and temperature, the method is considerably more economical than previous processes which were inefficient in terms of time and/or energy consumption.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with the clarification of waters that contain usable sludge, fibres or equivalent. The objective is to recover the usable material, e.g., as fuel and at the same time to prevent pollution of waters. According to the invention, the separation of the solids, such as fibres and any other utilizable material, from the water takes place so that the water containing solid material is fed into or onto a mobile and utilizable layer of material placed on a perforated moving base, e.g. a wire-bottom conveyor (5), so that this material layer functions as a filter.The invention is in particular suitable for the wood processing industry, wherein the water coming from the barking drum (1) is passed into a clarifier tank (7), from which the water containing fibres is pumped onto a layer of bark material carried on a wire-bottom conveyor (5), whereby the bark layer filters the water passing through the bark layer.

Abstract: A mixture containing oleophilic surfaced mineral particles and oleophobic gangue particles in an aqueous phase is separated by means of an apertured oleophilic endless sieve supported in a separation zone by a revolving cylindrical cage having apertured sidewalls and supported in a recovery zone by a support roller, each section of sieve surface alternately revolves through the separation zone and recovery zone. The aqueous mixture is introduced as a slurry into the rotating cage. The endless sieve partly covers the outside surface of the cylindrical cage sidewall. An oleophilic adhesive is placed on the sieve as a coating or added to the aqueous slurry in the cage or both. The mixture tumbles inside of the cage and passes through the cage sidewall apertures to the sieve surface. The oleophilic mineral particles of the mixture adhere to the oleophilic adhesive and are captured by the sieve upon contact and conveyed out of the separation zone into the recovery zone.

Abstract: A method of, and wire machine for, washing stock suspensions is disclosed wherein a cylinder having a solid smooth surface is encircled along a portion of its circumference by an endless wire or filter band. The stock suspension which is to be dewatered is infed between the solid cylinder and the wire by means of a flat jet nozzle. After throughflow of the stock suspension between the cylinder and the wire the dewatered fiber material is removed from the wire and the cylinder, respectively, collected in a collecting container and delivered for further processing.

Abstract: The representative web presses disclosed in the specification include a press drum and a pair of webs to convey a suspension partly around the press drum and two pressure belt means for applying substantially constant pressure against the outer web in the direction radial to the drum along pressure paths which are spaced so as to be substantially symmetrical with respect to the press drum.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for rinsing soluble materials from the filter cake formed in a double belt press. The belts with the filter cake therebetween are suspended between two spaced apart rollers to relieve pressure on the filter cake and the filter cake is simultaneously exposed to a rinse medium. Pressure is thereafter re-applied to the filter cake to extract the rinse medium therefrom.

Abstract: A method and mechanism for dewatering fine coal or the like by a filtering operation including a horizontally disposed cylindrical housing defining a pressure chamber within, an intermittently movable filter belt wrapping support rolls for the belt at each end with the rolls having driving and braking devices, movable sealing devices positioned at openings to the chamber to seal the belt where it extends into and out of the chamber, a support for the belt with means for draining filtrate dewatered from the coal, and means to apply pressure to the chamber above the belt for dewatering the coal and for providing pressure beneath the support for the belt to balance forces within the housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatuses for expressing the liquid phase from a wet mixture such as a clay-like mixture includes a primary roll (12, 104) with a plurality of smaller pressure rolls (13, 112-118) biased against its surface at circumferentially spaced intervals and at increasing pressures. The primary roll and at least the upstream one (112) of the pressure rolls have a thick outer covering of a substantially deformable elastomeric material. A pair of opposed filter belts (22, 23 or 142, 144) are trained about the primary roll and means are provided to feed the wet mixture between the belts to carry the mixture successively through the nips between the primary roll and the pressure rolls. The mixture is initially subjected in the first nip to a relatively gradual rate of increase in pressure and in subsequent nips is subjected to progressively steeper rates of increase in pressure adapted to the different flow behavior of the mixture caused by the increasing solids content of the mixture.

Abstract: In method for the dewatering of naturally moist, coarse lump peat or of a similar material, the material is continuously fractured into particles to approximately 2-3 cm diameter and is dispersed onto a lower screen belt. With the leading in of a provided upper screen belt the material is conveyed between the two screen belts through a preliminary dewatering zone, where at a pressure which is only given through the tension of the screen belts in a loop on at least one pair of rolls, a homogeneous filter cake is produced. The latter is pressed in a subsequent dewatering zone of a number of pairs of nip rolls at a pressure increasing along the zone between screen belts, whereby in each case between the screen belt and the nip roll a pressure belt, equal in width to the screen belt, is carried long, consisting of an elastic, watertight material, but which is designed to receive and carry away the filtrate and to stabilize the material which is to be pressed.

Abstract: In order to progress belt 10 in stepwise manner without the need for a heavy tensioning roller towards the end of return run 19, ram 58 is displaced to the left thereby moving first stepping roll 55 to its dotted line position and extending bight 59 to draw the forward end of upper run 13 into said bight 59. Movement in the opposite direction of belt 10 is prevented by a unidirectional devices, e.g. pawl and ratchet mechanisms (not shown), on rollers 53, 54. Simultaneously, second stepping roll 56 is noved to its dotted line position to correspondingly reduce the extent of bight 60, thereby permitting part of return run 19 of belt 10 to move back into upper run 13. Subsequently, ram 58 is displaced to the right to return rolls 55 and 56 to their initial positions, reduce bight 59 and extend bight 60.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus and method is disclosed adapted to filter suspended solids from a liquid, consisting of a filter housing which receives a flexible belt filtering element into a filter chamber, the liquid to be passed through the belt to filter out solids. The flexible belt is movably mounted to be passed through end openings on either side of a filter chamber to enable removal of accumulated solids after each filter cycle. The end openings are sealed during filtering cycles by flexible tube segments extending across the openings which are pressurized to effect a seal and evacuated to allow removal of the belt. A series of such filters may be stacked together with a traveling roller assembly utilized for simultaneously moving the belts of each filter in and out of the chamber.

Abstract: A squeeze roll arrangement and method is disclosed for high expression squeeze roll liquor expression of non-woven fiber batts. An auxiliary conveyor belt is provided to squeeze the batt before passing through the nip of the squeeze rolls with the batt. In this way, a portion of the liquor carried by the batt is expressed prior to passage of the batt through the nip. Since the batt is carried by the auxiliary conveyor belt, disruption of the batt is minimized. Preferably, chains are provided on either side of the batt to maintain a preferred orientation of the batt. Various sprockets and pulleys are provided as desired to guide the chains with various turn rollers provided to carry the conveyor belt. The chains are flexibly attached to the edges of the belt to continuously guide the belt. In this way, alignment of the belt on the turn and squeeze rolls is maintained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dewatering a slurry of fine particles including a dewatering table and a forming fabric passed across the table. Vacuum is applied to the table and the forming fabric. A first slurry of particles is introduced through a primary headbox to the forming fabric. A second slurry of finer particles is introduced through a secondary headbox to the forming fabric. The primary and secondary headboxes are positioned relative to each other and the table so that the first slurry is introduced to the forming fabric before the second slurry as the fabric moves across the table. Vacuum is applied to the first slurry to form a mat of first slurry particles upon which the second slurry of finer particles is deposited to be dewatered thereby minimizing the loss of fine particles through the forming fabric and maximizing the amount of retained dewatered particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dewatering a slurry of fine particles including a dewatering table and a forming fabric passed across the table. Vacuum is applied to the table and the forming fabric. A first slurry of particles is introduced through a primary headbox to the forming fabric. A second slurry of finer particles is introduced through a secondary headbox to the forming fabric. The primary and secondary headboxes are positioned relative to each other and the table so that the first slurry is introduced to the forming fabric before the second slurry as the fabric moves across the table. Vacuum is applied to the first slurry to form a mat of first slurry particles upon which the second slurry of finer particles is deposited to be dewatered thereby minimizing the loss of fine particles through the forming fabric and maximizing the amount of retained dewatered particles.

Abstract: A process of dewatering sludge in which raw sludge and a flocculating agent are first mixed by suitable means, then fed into a rotary filter drum or similar device to effect thickening of the sludge and partial dewatering thereof. The now thickened sludge is then conveyed through a filtering assembly in which the sludge is subjected to further dewatering forces, which could be vacuum, centrifugal, static pressure, or pressure while moving along the filter surfaces, thereby further dewatering the sludge. The filtrate discharged from the filter drum and the filtering assembly and also wash water used for cleaning the filter surfaces in the filter drum and the filtering assembly are at least partly returned to the filter drum to effect total flocculation and recapture of sludge particles contained in the filtrate and the wash waters.

Abstract: A dual-flow band screen includes a carrying frame and a screening band which is mounted so as to move in an endless loop on the frame. A support wall is associated with the carrying frame, which support wall overall extends perpendicularly to generatrices of its screening band, while possessing an opening opposite the latter, and which support wall laterally forms engagement lips by means of which it is capable of engaging with the guides in a sluice.

Abstract: A sludge condensation and dewatering apparatus is described which comprises a condensation unit and a dewatering unit. The condensation unit comprises a flocculating reaction tank (1) for forming a sludge flock, a first holding tank (2) slantingly arranged and upwardly inclined along the moving direction of the sludge, a conveyor for conveying the sludge flock from the flocculation tank to the holding tank for retaining the sludge flock produced by the flocculation reaction tank and an endless running screen belt (3) located just below and adjacent to the first holding tank, a dewatering unit, a solidification device (13) in communication with the first holding tank located between the condensation unit and the dewatering unit. The dewatering unit comprises an upper running piled filter cloth (4) and a lower running piled filter cloth (5), a plurality of rolls (R.sub.1 -R.sub.

Abstract: The invention is relating to a method of removing fluid from a mixture of fluid and solid substance, in which the mixture is guided with the aid of a conveyor belt along the outer circumference of a drum which is surrounded at least over part of its circumference by the conveyor belt, whereby the conveyor belt is positively driven in order to obtain the intended displacement thereof, while the drum is braked as well as to a device for carrying out the method of aforementioned comprising a drum and a belt extending along part of the drum, the relative dispositions of the drum and the belt being such that the mixture can be carried along between the belt and the drum, which are each or both previous to fluid, whereby the device comprises furthermore means for driving the belt and means for braking the drum.

Abstract: The drilling fluid of deviant composition is subjected to a separating process comprising two stages, including a sieving stage and thereafter a pressure filtration stage, the drilling fluid clinging to the sieve residue obtained in the sieving stage is sucked off by means of a partial-vacuum, the liquid obtained in the separating stage is used for adjusting the desired composition of the drilling fluid in the supply container thereof, and the solid material separated in the separating process is dried and further processed for recovering the solid material to be used in the drilling fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the purification of oily emulsions, solutions, industrial waste waters or the like. The apparatus includes a reaction container, at least one discharge connecting piece, an inflow trough and a band filter fitted with a fleece band, a filtrate container arranged under it and a sludge container provided at the discharge end of the band filter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating entrained particulate matter from a fluid wherein particulate matter is collected in an overlying porous layer on an upstream side of a rotatable, fluid-permeable filter in a first chamber, and rotatably conveyed into a second chamber and used as an additional filtering medium. The filter comprises a cylindrical drum having a filter surface thereon and is rotatably mounted in an enclosed housing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. Fluid pumping means operatively communicate with the housing for inducing a flow of fluid into the housing through the inlet and out of the housing through the outlet. Chamber means are disposed within the housing and sealingly cooperate therewith and with the cylindrical drum and define a first chamber fluidly communicating with the inlet and a predetermined portion of the cylindrical drum on the upstream and downstream sides thereof.