Abstract: A method and apparatus for purifying industrial waste fluids by an aerobic biological treatment is provided herein, which is capable of concurrently purifying waste gases emanating from such waste liquids. The improvement relates to the elimination or reduction of odors and volatile organic substances by enclosing all tanks and basins from the influent of the waste water treatment plant up to the aeration treatment zone for the liquid waste water and venting these gases to an aerobic digester and/or an aeration basin to biologically decompose or degrade the VOS in the waste gas by action of the microorganisms in the aeration basin or aerobic digester.

Abstract: A process for treating smoke, aqueous sewage and solid waste/refuse materials by digesting all three waste material into an odor-free pumpable slurry. The slurry is screened to separate solids from the aqueous solution. The odor-free solids may be used as fertilizers and the odor free solution may be used for irrigational purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating a photographic processing waste solution comprising concentrating the photographic processing waste solution containing at least thiosulfate ions, characterized in that there is provided at least one part selected from (i) to (v) shown below:(i) a part for adding sulfite ions or a compound capable of releasing sulfite ions into the photographic processing waste solution at the time or before heating of the photographic processing waste solution;(ii) a part for contact evaporated gas with a catalyst having a metal of the following (a) to (d) or a compound thereof carried thereon:(a) at least one selected from the group VIII elements consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum,(b) copper,(c) zinc,(d) manganese;(iii) a part for permitting a water-soluble polymer to exist;(iv) a part for permitting an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing thiosulfate ions to exist; and(v) a part for adding a pH controlling agent into the photogr

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal or reduction of inorganic contaminants, hardness, radionuclides, organic contaminants, odor, turbidity, discoloration, and objectionable taste from water, subjects the water to lime-phosphate softening, aeration, sedimentation, filtration and ion exchange in an automatic cycle especially suited for home and small commercial usage. The raw water, such as well water, is first subjected to a cold lime softening and aeration treatment, then to a phosphate treatment followed by settling and filtering. The thus treated water is supplied to a pressurized tank feeding a conventional ion exchange water softening unit as the water is tapped for use. No heat input is needed but the treated water can be heated as desired for use. An electrical control system regulates the water and chemicals input agitation, aeration, the time of chemical treatment in successive stages and the maintenance of a desired head pressure for the treated water.

Abstract: An apparatus for removal of malodorous and/or toxic components from wast gases by biological treatment of the same. Such removal is accomplished by passing the gas stream through a humidifying temperature conditioning section and then through a filter bed. The filter bed consists of a mixture of an organic biological active material, like compost, an inert fraction and additives for neutralization and organic buffening. Also disclosed is the inoculation of the filter bed with specific micro-organisms adapted to remove constituents of the gas stream which are difficulty biodegradable, e.g. methylenechloride.

Abstract: Treatment of water-containing reservoirs with a cleaning composition including a water-dissipatable polyester polymer, the polyester polymer concentration in the reservoir being in an amount effective to capture heavy metal ions, thereby inhibiting staining. In a preferred embodiment, the polyester complexes a perfume, the perfume being released in dilute solution as in the reservoir, whereby a fragrance bloom is provided to the environment.

Abstract: A method of decontaminating wastewater sludge to a level that meets or exceeds USEPA Process to Further Reduce Pathogens standards, wherein lime or kiln dust and/or other alkaline materials are mixed with wastewater sludge in sufficient quantity to raise the pH of the mixture to 12 and above for at least two hours and drying the resulting mixture by an aeration process.

Abstract: Organic sulphides are extremely malodorous compounds that are found in gaseous or aqueous effluents from many industries such as paper and pulp manufacture, hydrocarbon refinering, tanneries, and in the synthesis of organic sulphur compounds. Their removal is necessary before such effluents can be discharged into the environment.In the present invention their removal is effected using hydrogen peroxide at a pH controlled to pH 8.5 to 11.5 and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a soluble tungstate. Such a process is especially applicable to the removal of dialkyl disulphides, which are regarded as being especially difficult to remove oxidatively. In especially preferred conditions, the pH is about pH 11 and about 3-4 moles H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is used per mole equivalent of sulphur, in the presence of at least 20 ppm sodium tungstate (as W).

Abstract: Processes and oxidizing agents for oxidizing sulfide ion found in sour water to innocuous, soluble sulfur species are provided. The processes basically comprise contacting the sour water with a nitrogen halogenated triazine or a nitrogen halogenated derivative thereof for a period of time sufficient to convert the sulfide ion to sulfate ion. The processes are particularly useful for removing sulfide ion from oil field produced waters, particularly waters associated with secondary recovery or enhanced oil recovery operations.

Abstract: Alkali metal nitrite controls sulfate-reducing bacteria and odors in flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludges.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of reducing the amount of hydrogen sulfide in hydrogen sulfide-containing aqueous or wet gaseous mediums without solids formation. This invention comprises adding an effective amount for the purpose of glyoxal or glyoxal in combination with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde to the desired hydrogen sulfide-containing medium.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for eliminating grease, sewage odor and hydrogen sulfide from restaurant grease traps and municipal sewage systems using xeronine. Xeronine works by stimulating the metabolism of the resident anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.

Abstract: A process for neutralizing chloramines, chlorine and ammonia in marine and fresh waters by adding an alkali metal formaldehydebisulfite in a dry or solution form in which the alkali metal formaldehydebisulfite is selected from the group consisting of sodium formaldehydebisulfite and potassium formaldehydebisulfite. Preferably, the alkali metal formaldehydebisulfite is sodium formaldehydebisulfite added in the amount at least equal to the greater of the quantity required to react on a one to one molecular basis with 4 times the stoichiometric amount of ammonia, 12 times the stoichiometric amount of monochloramine, 10 times the stoichiometric amount of dichloramine or 12 times the stoichiometric amount of chlorine in the form of hypochlorites present in the water to be treated.

Abstract: Waste water from the preparation of salts of dithiocarbamic acid is detoxified by acidifying the waste water to promote hydrolytic decomposition of organosulfur compounds, passing an inert gas through the acidified water to aid in expelling decomposition gases thereby increasing the decomposition rate, and, optionally, adjusting the pH of the resulting solution toward neutral.

Abstract: An improved process for the wet oxidation of malodorous gases obtained from sewage sludge drying operations is provided. Organic-enriched water having an oxygen demand of at least 5 mg per liter is utilized for the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating human waste by solidification. The method performed by the disclosed embodiment comprises receiving the waste in a toilet or receptacle, liquidizing the waste with a macerating pump, adding to the liquidized waste a solidification agent, mixing the liquidized waste and the solidification agent, and transferring the mixture of waste and solidification agent to a disposable container. The disposable container can be discarded through conventional solid waste handling procedures or discarded in sanitary landfills. The disclosed apparatus introduces a quantity of solidification chemicals into a liquidized waste provided from a holding tank of a recirculating toilet, and directs the mixture of waste and solidification agent into the disposable container.

Abstract: A self-contained sewage waste disposal system is provided including a housing structure and a toilet bowl adapted to receive human waste and fluid for diluting the waste, transporting the waste and rinsing the bowl is provided in the housing structure. A removable filter cassette is placed in the housing structure in communication with the toilet bowl. The bowl is adapted to be flushed to dump the contents into the filter cassette and to be subsequently refilled. The coarse and fine particles of solid waste material are separated from the fluid received from the bowl by filter material in the cassette. The solid material is stored in the cassette in a compact manner for subsequent disposal upon removal of the cassette from the housing.

Abstract: Method for scrubbing gases containing oxygen, that are polluted by biodegradable substances, by bringing them into contact with an aqueous suspension of microorganisms such that:(a) the period of contact between gas and suspension is 0.5-5 seconds;(b) the suspension is brought into contact with the gas again after a retention time of 3-10 minutes has been attained;(c) the suspension is continuously supplied with active biomass in amounts between 0.5% and 5% of the aqueous suspension whereby(d) the excess suspension is drawn off.

Abstract: Sludge, especially sewage sludge is deodorized, particularly to obtain the biomass by treating the waste water sludge (pollution sludge) with an active oxygen developing compound at 5.degree. to 40.degree.C.

Abstract: There are employed water soluble low molecular weight polycondensation products produced by the condensation of acrolein and formaldehyde in a molar ratio between 1:1 and 1:10 in aqueous or aqueous-organic medium in the presence of a basic catalyst for the elimination of hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide present in aqueous systems. The condensation reaction can also be carried out in the additional presence of water soluble monohydric or polyhydric alcohols and/or acid amides.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulphide in the waste water from a coal gasification installation is subjected to an oxidizing treatment in the presence of the very fine-grain residual coke which, being washed out of the product gas, is suspended in the waste water, the residual coke particles thus serving as a catalyst. When using air for the oxidation treatment, with the usual period of treatment, it is possible to achieve virtually quantitative conversion of the hydrogen sulphide to sulphate. If the solid particles are to be removed from the waste water by a flotation step, the flotation operation and the oxidizing treatment can be performed simultaneously in a common apparatus.

Abstract: Use of ferri-magnetic reactive iron oxide particles to react hydrogen sulfide in water, hydrocarbon liquids or drilling mud affords quick, effective scavenging of these liquids without accumulation of particulate matter and without wasting the reactive particles. The reaction product is environmentally safe, so that it may be disposed of on a simple waste heap.A quantity of the magnetic iron oxide particles, principally a synthetic porous Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, is suspended in the liquid. The quantity added is in excess of that required for the reaction with the hydrogen sulfide in order to speed the reaction time and provide a large margin of safety. In use, the reactive iron oxide particles contact and react the hydrogen sulfide, forming a non-magnetic particulate product of reaction. Thus, if used to scavenge a drilling mud, this contact and reaction occurs as the mud, bearing the drill cuttings, rises through the drilling formation.

Abstract: Water, containing dispersed fats, oils and greases is treated with a water soluble melamine-formaldehyde product to effect coagulation or flocculation thereof to a product which does not stick to surfaces. Such treatment is further enhanced by the addition of a water soluble polyacrylamide.

Abstract: Waste water containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide is passed through a vessel containing redox resin which oxidizes the dissolved hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur which is removed from the waste water, preferably through filtration. The method of the present invention is also particularly desirable in that the redox-active resin may be restored to a high oxidation state by contacting the resin with an oxidizing fluid such as humidified air or oxygen. The restoration of the redox-active resin is particularly easy when the resin is disposed within a vessel as a membrane dividing the interior volume of the vessel into separate chambers: one chamber for the passage of the waste water and the other chamber for the passage of oxidizing fluid.

Abstract: In so-called rising main sewers in which sewage can be subjected to conditions when the supply of oxygen is deficient noxious sulphides can be produced which are a nuisance. The present invention provides a composition for the treatment of sewage so that the production of noxious sulphides is minimized under these conditions.The composition of the invention comprises an aqueous solution of ferric sulphate and ferric nitrate in amounts such that the molecular ratio of ferric sulphate to ferric nitrate is from 1:0.5 to 1:3. Optionally the composition may contain nitric acid in an amount of up to 2.5 molecules per molecule of ferric sulphate.These compositions are produced by reacting in aqueous solution nitric acid with ferrous sulphate in the absence of separately added sulphuric acid in such amounts that nitric acid is sufficient to produce the desired molecular ratio of ferric sulphate to ferric nitrate and the reaction is conducted at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C. and not greater than 100.degree.

Abstract: A fluid treating apparatus and method are provided which employ finely subdivided surface active particles arranged in loose bed form and confined within a treating tank by means which prevent the escape of such particles but which permits fluid flow therethrough at a high rate with a minimum pressure drop. In an important embodiment, the apparatus and method of this invention are particularly directed to the treatment of water with fine mesh ion cation exchange resin particles of below 50 mesh size, and preferably 100 to 200 mesh or smaller, measured on a dry basis.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of spent alkaline reagent containing alkali metal mercaptides obtained from the treatment of a mercaptan-containing (i.e., sour) hydrocarbon fluid with an alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide (caustic) or potassium hydroxide, is contacted with hydrogen peroxide to convert at least a substantial amount of the alkali metal mercaptides to alkali metal sulfates and carbonates thereby substantially reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the aqueous spent alkaline reagent solution.

Abstract: There is provided a continuous process for the lowering of the content of toxic materials in waste waters which also contain other oxidizable materials by quickly and continuously ascertaining the requirement of hydrogen peroxide, namely by potentiometric determination of the oxidizing agent requirement in a branched-off side-stream using a strong oxidizing agent, such as peroxymonosulfate, peroxydisulfate, permanganate, hypochlorite or ozone, which acts more quickly than hydrogen peroxide under comparable conditions.

Abstract: A process for achieving the partial dewatering of an organic sludge by isolating a batch of the sludge, acid adjusting its pH into a range from 3 to 5, and adding an oxidizing reagent in the presence of the acid in sufficient quantity so that within one-half hour the cellular structure of the sludge has been partially broken down and enough occluded water released therefrom to increase the pH by at least one, while at the same time changing the color of the sludge to a light tan and deodorizing it and killing the pathogens therein, the sludge and other solids settling down below the supernatant liquid with a clear line of demarcation therebetween.

Abstract: Iodine has long been known for its bactericidal, viricidal and cysticidal activities. Recently it has been attracting attention as an agent in water purification. Water purified with iodine is nevertheless subject to some objections. Because of its displeasing appearance iodine treated water is esthetically unacceptable. In the case of drinking water, color, odor and taste of water purified with iodine are even more detracting. The process herein overcomes these disadvantages, yet iodine, with its germicidal advantages, can still be used.

Abstract: Sewage treatment composition formed by combination of triancontanol with an organic soil improvement agent derived by digestion of milch cow excrement; and method of treating sewage to reduce sludge by addition of the composition to the sewage.

Abstract: Composition for stimulation of .[.aerobic.]. bacteria in sewage or in soil from combination of B vitamins and an agent derived from digestion of milch cow excrement; and method of treating sewage or soil to stimulate the growth of .[.aerobic.]. bacteria to improve the condition of sewage for disposal or availability of soil nutrients for plant growth by addition of the composition to sewage or soil.