Abstract: An automated descaling system can be integrated into a tankless water heater or can be a separate system that is connected to a tankless water heater. The automatic descaling system comprises a cleaning media chamber and a valve with a motor. The descaling system can be set on an automatic cleaning schedule.

Abstract: A method of automatically ensuring against chloramine contamination in purified product water includes supplying input water to the system and purifying the water to generate the purified product water. The purifying includes removing chlorine and chloramine contamination from the water using a carbon filter and supplying chlorine-depleted water to a deionization filter, and deionizing the chlorine-depleted water using said deionization filter. The product water is supplied to a sensor for continuous monitoring of the resistivity of the purified product water by the first sensor, and an alarm is generated indicating possible chloramine breakthrough when the resistivity of the product water falls below a predetermined resistivity level, which is selected to provide a reserve filter capacity before breakthrough would occur. The carbon filter is replaced at least responsively to the alarm to ensure excess capacity of said carbon filter sufficient to prevent chloramine breakthrough in said product water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter device (100), particularly a filter cartridge (10), for water filters in aircraft comprising a housing (11), wherein the housing (11) comprises an entry region (12) for water to be filtered and a discharge region (24) for filtered water, and wherein a first filter unit (26) and a second filter unit (27) are arranged in the housing (11). The first filter unit (26) comprises an activated charcoal filter (28) and the second filter unit (27) comprises a microfilter (30).

Abstract: Multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC) systems include valve configurations that enable a flow containing analytes in the eluent of a first dimension liquid chromatography system to be modulated such that the analytes can be captured in fluidic loops and subsequently provided to a second dimension liquid chromatography system. Optionally, a single detector is used for both first and second dimensions. In addition, the systems can enable dilution of the analytes and enable incompatible mobile phases and mobile phase flow rates to be used in the first and second dimensions.

Abstract: A solar powered sediment capture system is disclosed for collecting sediment at environment sites such as lakes and rivers. A mechanical pump directs water from a containment basin to an upper tank and an antistatic pressure tank, both which are elevated. Gravity flow from the upper tank generates vacuum to establish a syphon for drawing a flowable sediment slurry from an environmental borrow site to a filter. Effluent from the filter passes down to the containment basin, which has water level at a lower elevation than that of the borrow site. Anti-static and driller conduits permit gravity flow from the anti-static tank to suspend the sediment and to maintain the slurry at the syphon inlet in a flowable state.

Abstract: An exhaust device for a saddle-type vehicle having a pipe section with respect to a vehicle body and housing a catalyzer therein, and a muffler connected to a rear end of the pipe section includes an upstream oxygen sensor disposed on the pipe section and positioned upstream of the catalyzer and a downstream oxygen sensor disposed on the pipe section and positioned downstream of the catalyzer. The pipe section includes a larger-diameter portion having an increased diameter for housing the catalyzer therein. The downstream oxygen sensor is disposed in the larger-diameter portion. The upstream oxygen sensor and the downstream oxygen sensor are positioned upwardly of a central line of the larger-diameter portion with respect to the vehicle body as viewed in side elevation of the vehicle body.

Abstract: Dialysis apparatus including a blood treatment unit having a dialysate chamber and a blood chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane, a dialysate circuit presenting a supply line and a discharge line connected to the blood treatment unit, a preparation device for preparing a dialysate containing a substance present in the blood too and a regulator regulating the concentration of the substance in the dialysate. A blood circuit to circulate extracorporeal blood through the blood chamber; a controller that determines a value representative of the concentration of the substance in the blood and are programmed for driving the regulator as a function of the determined value representative of the substance concentration in the blood such that the substance concentration in the dialysate tends towards the substance concentration in the blood.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for the separation of solids from a biowaste slurry before heat treatment, and for heat treatment of the separated solids. The device comprises a chamber with a main inlet port for feeding slurry, and outlet ports. A unit for separating solids is adapted to an outlet port so, that liquid leaving the chamber has passed through the separation unit. A second outlet port is provided directly from the chamber to allow removal, following sterilization, of solids collected in the chamber. The sterilization is secured by temperature monitoring at representative locations.

Abstract: A sample dispatcher is disclosed and is configured for individually introducing a plurality of portions of one or more sample fluids into a flow of a mobile phase of a liquid separation system. The liquid separation system is configured for separating compounds of the sample fluids and comprises a mobile phase drive configured for driving the mobile phase through a separation unit configured for separating compounds of the sample fluids in the mobile phase. The sample dispatcher comprises one or more sample reservoirs, each configured for receiving and temporarily storing a respective sample fluid portion or at least a part thereof, and a bypass channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of liquid effluents laden with hydrocarbons, which comprises: feeding the effluents into a treatment tank; supplying the treatment tank with a reversible sorbent having a defined particle size; mixing the effluents with the reversible sorbent in the treatment tank in order to load said reversible sorbent with the hydrocarbons in the effluents; removing the hydrocarbon-laden reversible sorbent from the top of the treatment tank; extracting the treated effluents from the bottom of the treatment tank; and separating the hydrocarbons from the laden reversible sorbent from the treatment tank.

Abstract: Methods, systems and kits for production of autologous blood products are provided. Such methods, systems and kits comprise a blood collection set, a serum dilution set, and an aliquot set. The blood collection set includes a collection container and a serum container. The serum dilution set includes a serum measurement device, a serum dilution bag, and a mixing device enabling serum to be mixed with balanced saline solution in a defined dilution ratio. The aliquot set includes at least one filter and aliquot tubing having periodic segment length markings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating on skimmed oil/water picked up from a body of water to separate the oil from the water and discharge the oil-free water back into the body of water, first feeds the skimmed oil/water into a gravity settling tank wherein the oil tends to settle above the water, removing relatively oil-free water from the bottom of the tank and measuring its oil content with an oil concentration sensor, and either returning the oil/water flow to the settling tank for further processing if the measured concentration of oil exceeds predetermined limits or discharging the water back into the body of water if the oil concentration is measured to be less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A method of producing sterile water from raw water during a production cycle in a production plant P, including adding a disinfectant to the produced sterile water during the production cycle to permanently monitor the condition of the sterile water and/or the production plant, and determining and evaluating a reduction of concentration of the disinfectant directly in the production stream. In a production plant suited for carrying out the method, a sterile sensor is provided directly in the production stream through which the reduction of concentration of the disinfectant added to the produced sterile water can be permanently measured and evaluated to provide a sterility evidence.

Abstract: A chromatography system for separation of a biopolymer is described, comprising at least one feed tank, at least one hold tank, at least one elution buffer tank, at least one eluate tank, at least two packed bed chromatography columns and at least one pump and at least one outlet detector both fluidically connected to said each packed bed chromatography column, wherein the feed tank, the hold tank(s), the elution buffer tank and the eluate tank are each fluidically connected to the packed bed chromatography columns via a system of valves.

Abstract: A water treatment system comprising an ion exchange vessel, a cationic resin located within the ion exchange vessel, and an anionic resin located within the ion exchange vessel.

Abstract: A blood based solute monitoring system for measuring at least one blood solute species that has a first recirculation flow path in fluid communication with a dialyzer. The first recirculation flow path is configured to allow a fluid to recirculate through a dialyzer such that the concentration of at least one solute species in the fluid becomes equilibrated to the solute species concentration of the blood in a blood compartment of the dialyzer. The blood solute monitoring system has at least one sensor to measure a fluid characteristic.

Abstract: A system for measuring at least one fluid characteristic at various stages within a sorbent system that has a sorbent cartridge that has at least one material layer and at least one fluid passageway in at least one location in the sorbent system to provide a diverted sample stream from the various stages. At least one fluid characteristic of the diverted sample stream is measured.

Abstract: A control unit for a softening device, comprising a primary inlet for untreated water, a primary outlet for blended water, a sensor for determining the water hardness of the untreated water WHraw, or the blended water WHblend, a secondary outlet, a secondary inlet, a bypass line, a blending means which can be automatically adjusted for mixing a blended water flow Vblend(t) from a first partial flow (V(t)part1soft of the secondary inlet and a second partial flow V(t)part2raw of the bypass line, and an electronic control means, wherein the control means is designed to readjust the adjustment position of the blending means by means of the determined water hardness in such a fashion that the water hardness in the blended water flow Vblend(t) is adjusted to a predetermined desired value, enables partial softening of water on the basis of fully automatic blending, thereby utilizing already existing softening devices.

Abstract: Blood separation systems and methods are provided for controlling the interface between separated blood components. The system includes a blood separation chamber configured to separate blood into first and second blood components and an outlet line for removing at least a portion of the first blood component from the blood separation chamber. A primary optical sensor assembly is associated with the blood separation chamber to directly monitor the interior of the blood separation chamber. A secondary optical sensor assembly is associated with the outlet line to monitor the first blood component in the outlet line. The system also includes a controller programmed to select between the primary optical sensor assembly and the secondary optical sensor assembly for monitoring contamination of the first blood component. The system is particularly advantageous for preventing contamination of separated plasma which is lipemic or hemolytic.

Abstract: This is a method for analyzing the purity of water at the outlet from a purification device. It includes the following steps: a) sending the liquid at the outlet from the filter means to a resistivity measuring cell to determine its resistivity ?UPW; b) establishing a reference mode by exposing a portion of the liquid to said oxidation means (2) during a given number of significantly different time periods; c) determining by regression the resistivity at infinity ??REF of said liquid in this reference mode; d) establishing an analysis mode by causing said liquid to be analyzed to pass through the resistivity measuring cell; e) determining the resistivity at infinity ?? of said liquid in this analysis mode by successive iterations; and f) calculating the quantity of organic compounds contained in the purified liquid from this resistivity at infinity ?? and at least the values ?UPW and ??REF.

Abstract: It is disclosed a controller for a blood treatment equipment comprising at least a treatment unit including a semipermeable membrane separating the treatment unit in a first compartment for the circulation of blood and in a second compartment for the circulation a of a treatment liquid; the controller is adapted to receive one or more entries of measured information measured during the course of a treatment procedure, calculate from said measured information a value of at least a significant parameter indicative of the progress of an extracorporeal blood treatment carried out by the equipment, wherein the controller is also adapted to compare said calculated significant parameter to at least a prescribed reference value for the same parameter, and to generate at least one output control signal responsive to said comparison for automatically controlling one or more operations performed by the equipment.

Abstract: A pipe coupling (10) which comprises a coupling body (12) having an inlet end (22) for connection to a water outlet; an outlet end (24) for connection to a water inlet, and a liquid flow passage (26) which connects the inlet and outlet ends (22, 24) and which defines a water flow path (28) through the coupling body (12); a sealable filter and flow detector access opening (14) which is provided on the coupling body (12); and a filter element (16) and a flow detector device (20) which are removably receivable in the coupling body via the access opening and positionable on the flow path to extend across at least a part of the lateral extent of the liquid flow passage.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment having a dialyzer which is divided into a first and a second chamber 29, 30 by means of a semipermeable membrane wherein the first chamber 29 is arranged in a dialysate path and the second chamber 30 can be connected to a patient's blood circulation by means of a blood supply line 32 and a blood discharge line 31, an inlet 20 for fresh dialysate, an outlet 36 for spent dialysate, a measuring device 37, wherein the measuring device 37 has at least one radiation source 1 for substantially monochromatic electromagnetic radiation. Thereby the measuring device 37 for determination of a luminescence of the spent dialysate flowing through the outlet 36 has at least one detector system (5) for detecting the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation generated by luminescence.

Abstract: Embodiments of simulated moving bed systems for separating a preferentially adsorbed component from a feed stream and processes for determining a pump-around profile of the simulated moving bed systems are provided. The process comprises the steps of rotating a rotary valve to a first valve position to direct the feed stream to a first adsorbent sub-bed. An intermediate stream between two adsorbent sub-beds in direct fluid communication with each other is irradiated with laser light that is directed from a probe of a Raman system positioned for inline sampling of the intermediate stream. Scattered light from the irradiated intermediate stream is collected with the probe. A spectrum of the scattered light is generated with the Raman system to determine concentrations of the preferentially adsorbed component and one or more other components in the intermediate stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) for capturing odor- and/or taste-generating substances present in water flowing continuously in a water distribution network via a pipe (12). In characteristic manner, the device comprises: capture means (22) for capturing said substances; at least one chamber (18) containing said capture means (22) and suitable for having network water flow therethrough; and hydraulic link and connection means (14; 42) between said chamber (18) and said pipe (12). The invention is applicable to networks for distributing drinking water.

Abstract: Detection device for quantitative detection of predetermined molecules, in particular medium size protein molecules, in a sample liquid with a light source for emitting measurement radiation, a section for irradiating the sample liquid and a light detector for measuring the detection radiation exiting the section for irradiating the sample liquid, as well as an analysis stage located downstream of the light detector for analyzing the detector signal, wherein the light source is designed such that the measurement radiation has a spectral range exciting the intrinsic fluorescence of a molecule to be determined, and the light detector is designed such that at least one spectral range of the detection radiation is measured, in which the molecule emits intrinsic fluorescence radiation.

Abstract: A water quality analyzer comprises: sensor electrodes 1a, 1b made of different metals from each other, the electrodes in a liquid of inspecting object generating a sense voltage in proportion to the liquid's impurities concentration; an operational amplifier OP1 amplifying the sense voltage without inverting to provide for a CPU 3; a resistor R0 whose one end is connected to the electrode 1a; and a voltage divider 2 applying a voltage obtained by dividing the sense voltage by a prescribed division ratio to R0's another end. The CPU 3 calculates input signal from OP1 to obtain chlorine concentration and displays the calculated result on a LCD 4 in a measurement mode, and sets the division ratio of the divider 2 so that sense voltage across electrodes 1a, 1b soaked in a liquid including prescribed concentration chloride approximately agrees with a reference voltage of prescribed concentration in a sense-voltage calibration mode.

Abstract: A visual bilgewater quality indicator for use in a bilgewater filtration system which includes a filtration stage for removing oily contaminants. The quality indicator utilizes one or more filtration status chambers which are provided with a fluorescent or phosphorescent dye or pigment treated filtration media. The status chamber has a transparent outer wall. Flow through the status chamber is from the outer lateral wall toward its central axis, whereby oily contaminants in the flow collect selectively at the outer portions of the filtration media which are highly visible to an observer. Oil droplets as small as one micron, are captured and immobilized by the primary filter and are instantly visible against the background of the exemplary dye. If two status chambers are used in series, the second chamber is always kept transparent until complete loading and supersaturating breakthrough at the primary chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing fluorinated hydrocarbons and/or perchlorate species from groundwater which can utilize ion exchange media comprising a hydrophobic polymeric matrix. Fluorinated hydrocarbons can be reduced to a parts per trillion level and perchlorate to a low parts per billion level, rendering the groundwater suitable for consumption as drinking water under regulatory standards.

Abstract: A visual bilgewater quality indicator for use in a bilgewater filtration system which includes a filtration stage for removing oily contaminants. The quality indicator utilizes one or more filtration status chambers which are provided with a fluorescent or phosphorescent dye or pigment treated filtration media. The status chamber has a transparent outer wall. Flow through the status chamber is from the outer lateral wall toward its central axis, whereby oily contaminants in the flow collect selectively at the outer portions of the filtration media which are highly visible to an observer. Oil droplets as small as one micron, are captured and immobilized by the primary filter and are instantly visible against the background of the exemplary dye. If two status chambers are used in series, the second chamber is always kept transparent until complete loading and supersaturating breakthrough at the primary chamber.

Abstract: Blood separation systems and methods are provided for controlling the interface between separated blood components. The system includes a blood separation chamber configured to separate blood into first and second blood components and an outlet line for removing at least a portion of the first blood component from the blood separation chamber. A primary optical sensor assembly is associated with the blood separation chamber to directly monitor the interior of the blood separation chamber. A secondary optical sensor assembly is associated with the outlet line to monitor the first blood component in the outlet line. The system also includes a controller programmed to select between the primary optical sensor assembly and the secondary optical sensor assembly for monitoring contamination of the first blood component. The system is particularly advantageous for preventing contamination of separated plasma which is lipemic or hemolytic.

Abstract: An apparatus for conducting single-pass filtration of ink waste is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a filter connected to a housing unit and a plurality of absorbent layers within the housing unit, wherein the plurality of absorbent layers are in any order and include: a layer for removing metal and polar compounds, a layer for removing non-polar color impurities, a layer for removing acid functional components, a layer for removing additives with polar or protic functional groups, and a layer for removing residual water. A process and a system that include or utilize the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: An integrated bioreactor and its applications as well as a method for treatment of highly-concentrated organic wastewater using the same. The integrated bioreactor with a concentric columnar structure includes an inner layer and an outer layer, in which the inner layer is an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the outer layer is a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The effluent of the MBBR is recycled into UASB via a reflux pump mounted between a water tank and the integrated bioreactor. A water outlet of the UASB is arranged with an on-line pH monitor and a mechanical agitation device is arranged on the top of a bottom water distributor. The bioreactor is low in cost, features friendly maintenance, stable operation, and high degree of automation, and can be applied under low temperature.

Abstract: A dehydrating system is designed to maintain the availability of a plant having the dehydrating system using a water separation membrane by allowing a water separation membrane unit to be replaced while the plant is in operation. The dehydrating system comprises at least two water separation membrane units in use arranged parallel to the direction of flow of a fluid to be processed, is configured so that at least one spare water separation membrane unit can be installed parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid to be processed with respect to the at least two water separation membrane units, having monitoring devices for the product fluid to be taken out, and maintains the properties of the product fluid by operating the spare water separation membrane unit depending on the properties of the product fluid monitored by the monitoring devices.

Abstract: A filtrate monitoring device and a filtrate monitoring system, which can monitor a membrane-type water filtrating/purifying system at all times and which can flexibly adjust themselves to the contents and sizes of impurities, are provided. The filtrate monitoring device monitors the filtrate having passed through the membrane-type water filtrating/purifying device. The filtrate monitoring device comprises: imaging/detecting means for shooting images in the filtrate having passed through the filtrating/purifying device, on the filtrate flowing in an observation bath of a filtrate observing cell disposed midway of the branched filtrate pipeline, thereby to specify the particles contained in the filtrate, and/or optical detecting means disposed midway of the filtrate pipeline before or after branching.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filtered water monitoring device used for detecting damages in a filtration medium installed inside a membrane filtration water clarification device, thereby monitoring degradation of a performance thereof, in order to secure safety of filtered water flowing out from the membrane filtration water clarification device, comprising a branch filtered water pipeline system which is branched from a filtered water pipeline system connected to an outlet of the membrane filtration water clarification device, a filtered water observation plate which is installed in a certain position of the branch filtered water pipeline system, imaging means which takes an image of the filtered water in an observation tank of the filtered water observation plate and outputs image information thereon, and image analyzing means which receives the image information output from the imaging means, and compares the image information with a stored image pattern to identify impurities contained in the filtered

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring a blood constituent in blood for an extracorporeal blood treatment device, comprising a dialyzer or a filter, and a hose line system comprising hose lines that are pervious to electromagnetic radiation. The kinetics of a liquid flowing at a measuring site in one of the hose lines of the hose line system is varied by varying the flow properties of the liquid in the hose line at the measuring site, particularly by stopping a blood pump arranged in the hose line and/or by closing a shut-off member in the hose line. The invention analyzes the intensity of the light entering the hose line at the measuring site and the light exiting the hose line at the measuring site.

Abstract: The invention provides a water dispensing system comprising a container having a first region adapted to store unfiltered water, a second region adapted to store filtered water, and a spout region, a meter housing adapted to receive a water meter, a reservoir disposed within the first region of the container, a filter coupled to the reservoir, the filter being adapted to filter water flowing from the reservoir into the second region of the container, a valve assembly disposed in the second region of the container, the valve assembly being adapted to dispense filtered water from the second region of the container, and a lid coupled to the reservoir. In addition, the invention provides a system for filtering and testing water, comprising a water filtering system used in combination with a water meter for testing the quality of the effluent.

Abstract: A water quality analyzer comprises: sensor electrodes 1a, 1b made of different metals from each other, the electrodes in a liquid of inspecting object generating a sense voltage in proportion to the liquid's impurities concentration; an operational amplifier OP1 amplifying the sense voltage without inverting to provide for a CPU 3; a resistor R0 whose one end is connected to the electrode 1a; and a voltage divider 2 applying a voltage obtained by dividing the sense voltage by a prescribed division ratio to R0's another end. The CPU 3 calculates input signal from OP1 to obtain chlorine concentration and displays the calculated result on a LCD 4 in a measurement mode, and sets the division ratio of the divider 2 so that sense voltage across electrodes 1a, 1b soaked in a liquid including prescribed concentration chloride approximately agrees with a reference voltage of prescribed concentration in a sense-voltage calibration mode.

Abstract: A system that is suitable for extracting plasma from blood received from a blood supply is provided. The system comprises a housing, an inlet opening for receiving the blood, a filtration chamber comprising a membrane, and a plasma compartment. The membrane forms a barrier between the blood and the plasma extracted from the blood, and the plasma compartment collects the plasma extracted from the blood. In some embodiments, the system comprises a plasma flow path compression chamber for pulling plasma across the membrane. In some embodiments, the system comprises a blood flow path compression chamber for facilitating blood flow. Some embodiments of the system further comprise means for measuring plasma and blood analytes using spectroscopic and biosensor techniques.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an effective technique for achieving a higher level of water quality control in a water treatment apparatus. Representative water treatment apparatus according to the present invention may include a purifying section, a sterilizing section, a water storing section and a water quality detection sensor. The water quality detection sensor is immersed in the water storing section. The water quality detection sensor not only serves as a means for detecting the quality of water in the water storing section, but also as a means for detecting deposition of biomembrane on the detecting section of the water quality detection sensor due to deterioration of the sterilizing performance of the water storing section. As a result, an efficient water quality control system can be realized.

Abstract: A dehydrating system is designed to maintain the availability of a plant having the dehydrating system using a water separation membrane by allowing a water separation membrane unit to be replaced while the plant is in operation. The dehydrating system comprises at least two water separation membrane units in use arranged parallel to the direction of flow of a fluid to be processed, is configured so that at least one spare water separation membrane unit can be installed parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid to be processed with respect to the at least two water separation membrane units, having monitoring devices for the product fluid to be taken out, and maintains the properties of the product fluid by operating the spare water separation membrane unit depending on the properties of the product fluid monitored by the monitoring devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing mud from being hardened in a drain holding tank, in an apparatus that treats drains generated during the marine drilling of petroleum or gas. The apparatus for preventing mud from being hardened in a drain holding tank includes a drain holding tank which gathers a drain being generated in a drilling process; a mud re-compounding pump which circulates a fluid having a pressure that is higher than a predetermined value by spouting the fluid to an area of the drain holding tank where the mud is stored, to prevent mud included in the drain from being hardened in the drain holding tank; a transfer pump which transfers the mud; and a waste mud tank, configured to gather the mud. The apparatus for preventing mud from being hardened in a drain holding tank can circulate the mud at an area of the drain holding tank in which the mud is stored for a period of time, to prevent the mud from being hardened.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a cleaning solution. Specifically, the apparatus of some embodiments includes a reservoir for containing sodium chlorite. A disposable ion exchange cartridge is placed in fluid communication with the sodium chlorite reservoir via a conduit. The ion exchange cartridge is selectively disconnectable from fluid communication with the sodium chlorite reservoir or from the conduit. Generally, the ion exchange cartridge will be disconnected and replaced when the ion exchange materials in the cartridge are depleted or exhausted. A catalyst can also be placed in fluid communication with the sodium chlorite reservoir. The catalyst can be contained in disposable or selectively disconnectable cartridge that can be easily replaced when depleted. In another aspect of the invention, a color comparison chart is positioned adjacent a conduit to allow one to compare the color of the solution to the chart and determine the concentration of the solution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing fluorinated hydrocarbons and/or perchlorate species from groundwater which can utilize ion exchange media comprising a hydrophobic polymeric matrix. Fluorinated hydrocarbons can be reduced to a parts per trillion level and perchlorate to a low parts per billion level, rendering the groundwater suitable for consumption as drinking water under regulatory standards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dialysis liquid circuit with conduits for conducting dialysis liquid and with means for detecting air in the dialysis liquid, wherein the means comprise at least one gas sensor traversed continuously by the dialysis liquid, which is configured such that it measures at least one property of the dialysis liquid which depends on the presence of air bubbles in the dialysis liquid, and which is arranged downstream of a region to be monitored of the dialysis liquid circuit, in which during operation of the dialysis liquid circuit a negative pressure exists with respect to atmospheric pressure, wherein the means comprise an evaluation unit which is connected with the gas sensor and which is configured such that the property measured by means of the gas sensor is evaluated with regard to the presence of air bubbles in the dialysis liquid.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for desolvating flowing liquid streams while retaining temporal resolution of dissolved substrates are disclosed. A novel small-scale self-regulating spray dryer preserves temporal resolution while desolvating a liquid chromatography eluent stream and depositing the solute onto an optical surface for infrared spectrographic analysis. The liquid eluent is pumped through a heated nebulizer to create a high-speed jet of solute containing liquid and solvent vapor. This jet is directed circumferentially inside a hot cylindrical cavity. Centrifugal force causes the larger liquid droplets to travel along the outer diameter of the cavity. The cavity surface is heated to cause the droplets to film boil. Film boiling reduces droplet contact with the cavity surface thereby retaining the solute in the droplets. The solute temperature is limited by controlling the pressure into which the solvent evaporates from the droplets.

Abstract: A filter apparatus in a container containing non-clarified contaminated liquid, especially wastewater, for clarifying this liquid consists of several spaced filter elements arranged in a circle or a polygon on a rotatably supported hollow shaft. The filter elements are connected to the hollow shaft in order to remove clarified liquid as permeate through the hollow shaft out of the container via a stationary pipeline. The rotating hollow shaft separates the wastewater from the permeate via at least two sealing elements. A blocking medium is arranged between the sealing elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filtered water monitoring device used for detecting damages in a filtration medium installed inside a membrane filtration water clarification device, thereby monitoring degradation of a performance thereof, in order to secure safety of filtered water flowing out from the membrane filtration water clarification device, comprising a branch filtered water pipeline system which is branched from a filtered water pipeline system connected to an outlet of the membrane filtration water clarification device, a filtered water observation plate which is installed in a certain position of the branch filtered water pipeline system, imaging means which takes an image of the filtered water in an observation tank of the filtered water observation plate and outputs image information thereon, and image analyzing means which receives the image information output from the imaging means, and compares the image information with a stored image pattern to identify impurities contained in the filtered

Abstract: A reverse osmosis system that includes a housing which receives feed water and a membrane element within the housing to filter the feed water. The membrane element includes a permeate outlet and a concentrate outlet. The reverse osmosis system further includes a sensor that monitors the condition of the water that exits from the membrane element. The reverse osmosis system further includes a first set of indicators that are located remotely from the housing. The first set of indicators showing a condition of the system based on data obtained from the sensor. The reverse osmosis system further includes a second set of indicators that are located near the housing to show a condition of the system based on data obtained from the sensor.