Abstract: A method for separating a first liquid from a second liquid, with the one liquid not being soluble in the other, the first liquid being contained as droplets in the second one, and with the two liquids having different densities. In a first step the liquid mixture is conducted during a first time interval as a turbulent flow through installations, in particular through a filler body in a packing column or through a static mixer, for coalescing the droplets. In a second step the flow rate of the mixture is reduced during a second time interval to continue the coalescence, and, in a third step, the speed of the mixture flow is further reduced and directed opposite to or with the force of gravity so that larger descending or rising droplets can be collected and separated out. The smaller droplets are carried along further by the second liquid.

Abstract: A process for cleaning up the wastewaters which originate from the preparation of alcohols. The alcohol preparation includes an aldolization reaction followed by hydrogenation and then alcohol distillation. The resulting wastewaters include 3 wastewater fractions from respective steps in the alcohol preparation. The process for cleaning up these wastewaters include the steps of (a) combining two of the three fractions and adjusting the pH of the combination, (b) bringing at least one of the fractions into contact with a coalescing filter, and (c) extracting a mixture of all three fractions.

Abstract: A separation system (10) for immiscible liquids such as oil and water. The system is particularly useful for treating bilge water on ships. The system includes a bilge water holding tank (12), pre-filter tank (14), separator (16), oil accumulator (18), coalescer (20), air refining chamber (22), and pump (24). Oily water is drawn by pump (24) from holding tank (12) and is then processed sequentially through pre-filter tank (14), separator (16), and coalescer (20) and can thereafter be pumped overboard. Separator (16) and coalescer (20) are disposed at an inclined angle so that the oil will float upwards and out into oil accumulator (18) and refining chamber (22). At each stage in the process, oil is separated out from the water and accumulates at the surface of the water in pre-filter tank (14), oil accumulator (18), and refining chamber (22). Using a second pump (28), the accumulated oil can be intermittently or continuously pumped from these vessels into a waste oil holding tank (26).

Abstract: This multi-phase extraction apparatus has at least two chambers 1, 2, which are connected at their upper and lower parts by connection channels 4, which are equipped with dispersing devices 3, and which have nozzles 12, 13, 15, 16 for the feeding and discharge of a first and a second disperse phase. Separation zones 7, which are equipped with coalescence-promoting packings 8, are situated in the region of the mouths of the connection channels 4 leading into the chambers 1, 2. In addition, the connection channels 4 can also be equipped with coalescence-promoting packings 9.

Abstract: A method for decontaminating both soil and mixed waste water polluted by hydrocarbons in a single integrated process is disclosed. Contaminated mixed waste fluid is separated into water and hydrocarbons which are then used in the thermal decontamination of polluted soil through the volatilization of hydrocarbon contaminants. Flue gases containing the volatilized hydrocarbons from the thermal soil decontamination undergo oxidation. Thermal energy from the soil decontamination process and the thermal oxidization of the flue gases can be recovered and used to facilitate the separation of hydrocarbons and water. In this integrated system, every by-product of each step is either decontaminated or consumed in another operation of the system. Energy conservation within this system is also realized by the use of heat exchangers to transfer energy from where it is created by the process to where it is used elsewhere to enhance efficiency within the process.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for separating water from a solvent during dry cleaning. Included is an inlet capable of receiving a mixture of dry cleaning fluid and water from a basket of a dry cleaning apparatus. The dry cleaning fluid includes a siloxane composition. Also provided is a flow controller for urging a flow of the mixture received from the outlet. Coupled to the flow controller is a coalescent media that receives the mixture urged by the flow controller. A chamber is coupled to the coalescent media for receiving the mixture from the coalescent media to separate the water and the dry cleaning fluid. Also coupled to the chamber is an outlet to remove the dry cleaning fluid from the chamber in the absence of the water.

Abstract: An Oil/Water Separator apparatus includes a portable container advantageously having rigid sides, including spaced apart side walls and rigid floor. Within the rigid container are defined at least two, advantageously, three chambers in an adjacent array in a downstream direction. The chambers are separated by rigid separating partitions or baffles rigidly mounted to, so as to extend between, the opposite side walls of the container. Adjacent chambers are connected in fluid communication therebetween so that influent water containing oil to be separated may enter into a first upstream reservoir chamber. The influent water is deposited into the reservoir chamber. A downstream partition or baffle separates the reservoir chamber from the downstream coalescing chamber. The first partition has an opening under a lowermost edge thereof. Water passes under the partition from the reservoir chamber into the coalescing chamber.

Abstract: A system is described for separating first and second liquids that are present in an intimate mixture consisting primarily of the first liquid, which enables recovery of a high proportion of the second liquid in a system of moderate cost for construction and operation. The system includes a screen formed of a single woven pattern of metal threads that have been woven in a uniform pattern, and that are backed by back-ups having holes larger than those of the screen. The mixture is pumped through the screen, causing the microscopic droplets of the second liquid to coalesce into much larger drops, so the drops can be rapidly recovered. The screen is very fine, with a thread count of at least 500 per inch (20 per millimeter), and the liquid is passed very slowly through the screen, at a velocity of no more than 12 inches per minute (30 cm./min.), to recover at least 70% and preferably at least 75% of the second liquid.

Abstract: An oil-water separation method to separate oil-contaminated water into clean, filtered water for use. The method comprises filtering prefiltered, coalesced oil-water in an oleophobic depth-type filter.

Abstract: A coalescer for separating a first liquid component from a multiple component liquid mixture wherein the first liquid component has a lower specific gravity than the liquid mixture. The coalescer comprises a generally rectangular housing defining an entry port and an exit port and a flow path therebetween. A grid contained within a removable cartridge is received within the housing and includes a plurality of parallel inclined plates residing along the flow path to separate the first liquid component from the liquid mixture. A second liquid port in communication with the flow path via an outlet causes the first liquid component to flow into a separate container. The liquid mixture continues to flow through the coalescer until all of the first liquid component is removed.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating water contaminants from a fuel which has a specific gravity which is lower than that of water. Contaminated fuel is drawn from a bottom of a tank and passed into a separator. The water stays at the bottom of the separator and is drained off. The fuel is forced upwardly from which any droplets of water flow along collector plates and fall to the bottom of the separator. The fuel is passed through a filter which removes any particles of matter then the fuel is directed back to the tanks. The process can be repeated for as many times as necessary to cleanse the fuel of water and contaminates.

Abstract: A method for the removal of organic compounds from columns of air or water. The method utilizes a solidifying organic polymer-based filtration media and activated carbon placed in separate containers and arranged in an in-line, two phase process to extract organic compounds and metals from feed streams containing emulsified or suspended concentrations of organic contaminants by absorbing and solidifying the organics into an easily retrievable, disposable mass. The treated feed streams exit the process containing acceptable limits of the organic compounds and metals within the fluid columns to permit their free release into the environment.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for coalescing microscopic droplets of organic (principally hydrocarbons) that are present with particles in an aqueous stream (primarily water), which avoids frequent shutdowns for backwashing. The system includes two anthracite beds (56, 58, FIG. 2) and apparatus for connecting the beds in series. Most of the time, the stream flows down (60) through the first bed and up (64) through the second bed, and to a separator, while particles (74) accumulate at the top of the first bed. When the particles begin to seriously block flow through the first bed, the flow is reversed for a period while the particles are transferred from the top of the first bed to the top of the second bed. After several minutes, the flow is reversed again, causing particles at the top of the second bed to flow to the separator for removal.

Abstract: An oil absorption filter for extracting free oil from the used wash water of a laundry has platforms which extend in parallel and laterally across a tank, but do not reach across the total length of the tank so as to provide an avenue of fluid flow between the platforms.. Multiple entrances are provided into the tank to resulting in a slow flow of used wash water into the tank so as to encourage free oil to separate from the used wash water. Hydrophobic socks are vertically arranged in rows and placed through holes in the platforms. A partitioned pumping chamber is provided with an entrance proximate to the bottom of the tank which is the only avenue of entry for oil-filtered water to access the pumping chamber. A sump pump connected electrically connected to a level float pumps the oil filtered water out of the pumping chamber and out of the oil filter.

Abstract: A spin-on element includes a cylindrical housing, a tap plate at one end of the housing, and an adapter ring supported by and bounding the other end of the housing. A collection bowl can be threadably attached to the adapter ring. An imperforate inner support tube in the housing fluidly separates a central opening in the tap plate from peripheral openings. The inner tube has an inner surface defining a central chamber in fluid communication with the central opening. A perforated outer support tube surrounds the inner support tube, and has an outer surface defining a peripheral chamber in the housing. The inner and outer support tubes together define an intermediate chamber, in fluid communication with the peripheral openings in the tap plate. A nylon water coalescing mesh surrounds the outer support tube, and is curled over the ends of the outer tube. A first end cap comprising a foam gasket with openings to allow fluid to enter the intermediate chamber is disposed at one end of the support tubes.

Abstract: A system for extracting free oil from industrial processing fluids comprises a coalescing cartridge having a plurality of vertically oriented polymeric elements therein past which fluid is free to flow without obstruction thereby supplying fluid to a tank having a plurality of settling chambers. Free oil is removed from the processing fluid through oleophilic attraction between the free oil and the surface of the polymeric elements. Remaining free oil is further separated from the processing fluid through gravitational attraction. A plurality of weirs and baffles interposed between the settling chambers provide continuous return of purified processing fluid to the system. A plurality of solenoid actuated valves provide periodic decanting of separated free oil.

Abstract: A Vertical Combined Production Facility, or gas-well production system, in which the separation of each phase (hydrocarbon gas, hydrocarbon liquids, and produced water), dehydration of natural gas, removal of minute traces of water from the hydrocarbon liquids, and polishing of produced water, are performed in a single pressure vessel. Additionally, the pressure vessel is installed in a vertical configuration such that the pressure vessel shell also serves as the structural support for a small deck and helideck. Additionally, the inlet heating of the well flow-stream is accomplished by a heat exchanger installed in the dehydration/regeneration heater (reboiler).

Abstract: A particle separator having a housing, a radially centered core, helical augers which force a fluid stream in a helical flow direction, and separator devices for the progressive separation of particles from a particulate contaminated fluid stream.

Abstract: An oil-water separator system and method to separate contaminated oil and water into clean water and free coalesced oil for collection and removal. The system includes a process tank for the oil and water, a pump to pump the oil and water through first and second stage oil-coalescing filters and through a full depth, fibrous filter under back pressure to provide filtered clean water of selected purity; typically, less than 20 ppm. The coalesced and filtered oil-water is returned and recycled to the process tank wherein a free coalescing oil layer forms on the surface, which free coalesced oil is removed by a belt skimmer for collection and removal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating immiscible liquids and solids from a influent stream employing a pre-coalescing unit to remove solids and larger liquid particles followed by a coalescing function which separates any remaining oil, grease and the like from the influent stream. The separator tank comprises three chambers, one of which comprises a series of debris plates made of perforated oleofilic material which traps solids and large particles in the first chamber and passes the partially separated liquid to a second chamber containing closely spaced coalescer plates which remove the remaining unwanted particles. In the third chamber, the effluent stream is prepared for reintroduction into the environment. The separator unit of this invention uses the combination of enhanced coalescing and gravitational separation to improve the separation process and reduce the frequency of maintenance and cleaning of the unit.

Abstract: Pretreated tubular members, preferably in the form of hollow fiber segments, and a method for suppressing the formation of a colloid of fuel oil in sea water or visa versa in a ballast/fuel oil tank of a ship. The fuel oil-pretreated members are hydrophobic having a resultant density such that, when disposed into the fuel oil/ballast tank which is initially substantially colloid free, the pretreated tubular members sink in the fuel oil and become suspended at the interface of, or boundary between, fuel oil and ballast sea water to form a physical barrier which substantially maintains separation between fuel oil and sea water during subsequent ship movement at sea.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removal of contaminants from fluid columns utilizes a solidifying polymer-based filtration media to extract pollutants, such as organic compounds and metals. Dissolved, emulsified or suspended contaminants are absorbed and solidified into an easily retrievable mass and retained within a replaceable filter container. Solidified contaminants may not leach when exposed to pressure limits currently used to determine landfill acceptability, may be incinerated as fuel for their BTU content or used as a component in the production of asphalt, roofing material or other tar-like compounds. Treated fluid columns exit the process containing acceptable levels of contaminants to permit free release into the environment.

Abstract: An oil processing vessel for cleaning oil and the associated produced water utilizing the principle of capillary attraction in lieu of heat and/or electric coalescence to dehydrate the oil and in lieu of induced gas flotation to extract oil from the water. The oil processing vessel also includes a means for mitigating the foam often encountered when processing crude oil and if required an integral means to split the oil discharge from the vessel into disparate proportional flow streams. There also can be included a means for extracting extraneous material that accumulates inside the vessel at the water/oil interface.

Abstract: This invention provides a "one-size-fits-all" water-removing funnel insert having a filter and a supporting body, comprising a porous surface, that upholds the filter. When inserted into a base funnel, the water-removing finnel insert moves automatically to a position that provides maximal stability for the water-removing funnel insert. Hydrocarbon emulsions are poured into the base funnel and dehydrated by the water-removing funnel insert upon passing through the filter placed on the supporting body. The supporting body may be attached to a support tube, to an upwardly-extending bar or to both the support tube and the upwardly-extending bar. Another option in designing the supporting body is to use a support tube that is an extension of the upwardly-extending bar. For the dehydrated hydrocarbon stream to flow through the upwardly-extending bar into the support tube, openings are needed in a section of the upwardly-extending bar existing below the porous surface of the supporting body.

Abstract: A method and improvement for extracting free or "tramp" oil from an oil contaminated fluid wherein oil contaminated fluid entering an oil separator is injected with a fraction of free oil. Coalescence of minute oil globules within the inlet stream is significantly enhanced thereby improving oil separation.

Abstract: An elongated, cylindrical oil, water and gas separator with end closures for receiving a flowing mixture of oil, water and foamy gas improved by means for defoaming the gas, separating the oil, water and gas into distinct laminar layers and a means for absorbing the impetus and energy of the flowing water layer as it impacts the end closure near the water outlet conduit, and can include a heating means for reducing the viscosity of the mixture with increased heat exchange surface, an electric field through which the oil can flow downward for coalescing water droplets that may be entrained within the oil and further can contain a series of coalescing baffles having a spray jet washing system and hinged bottom segments to expedite cleaning and maintenance.

Abstract: A method for the removal of organic compounds from columns of air or water. The method utilizes a solidifying organic polymer-based filtration media and activated carbon placed in separate containers and arranged in an in-line, two phase process to extract organic compounds and metals from feed streams containing emulsified or suspended concentrations of organic contaminants by absorbing and solidifying the organics into an easily retrievable, disposable mass. The treated feed streams exit the process containing acceptable limits of the organic compounds and metals within the fluid columns to permit their free release into the environment.

Abstract: A method for decontaminating both soil and mixed waste water polluted by hydrocarbons in a single integrated process is disclosed. Contaminated mixed waste fluid is separated into water and hydrocarbons which are then used in the thermal decontamination of polluted soil through the volatilization of hydrocarbon contaminants. Flue gases containing the volatilized hydrocarbons from the thermal soil decontamination undergo oxidation. Thermal energy from the soil decontamination process and the thermal oxidization of the flue gases can be recovered and used to facilitate the separation of hydrocarbons and water. In this integrated system, every by-product of each step is either decontaminated or consumed in another operation of the system. Energy conservation within this system is also realized by the use of heat exchangers to transfer energy from where it is created by the process to where it is used elsewhere to enhance efficiency within the process.

Abstract: A system for extracting solids and free or "tramp" oil from an industrial machining fluid comprises a pressurized tank having a plurality of horizontally orientated polymeric elements therein past which fluid is free to flow without obstruction. Free oil is removed from the machining fluid through oleophilic attraction between the free oil and the surface of the polymeric elements when the tank is filled with fluid. The free oil and solids are removed from the machining fluid in a gravity separation chamber.

Abstract: A washing apparatus includes a bubbling wash section for impinging bubbles in washing liquid to a material such as a machined work to be washed so as to remove solids such as sludges and oils adhered to the material to be washed, and a sludge removal and oily water separation section for removing sludges or the like mixed with the washing liquid at the bubbling wash section and for separating oily water in the washing liquid, the washing liquid passed through said sludge removal and oily water separation section being returned to the initial bubbling wash section for circulation. An activated carbon filtration section for connection with the bubbling wash section is optionally provided.

Abstract: A reconditioning system which withdraws coolant from a machine tool sump, filters solids from the coolant, removes tramp oil from the coolant, kills bacteria in the coolant, and returns the reconditioned coolant to the machine tool sump. The reconditioning system includes a separator tank having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a coalescer pack located between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet to separate tramp oil from the coolant. An ozone generator is connected to the separator tank for dissolving ozone into the coolant to kill bacteria, yeast and fungus. An in-sump pickup includes a flexible intake hose connected to the separator tank coolant inlet, a suction nozzle having a generally rigid tube attached near an angled or fluted inlet end of the intake hose, and a ring-shaped float encircling the rigid tube. A discharge hose connects the separator tank coolant outlet and the sump.

Abstract: A coalescing oil/water separator for removing free and dispersed oil from a wastewater stream with increased separation efficiency and producing a substantially oil-free effluent. The coalescing oil/water separator is self-contained in a tank shell and includes an improved oil coalescing medium for separating oil out of wastewater and a series of baffles and weirs to direct flow, skim the separated oil and control the liquid level in the separator. The improved oil coalescing medium is uniquely designed and sized to maximize the coalescing surface area in and the flow rate through a given volume of medium by including a plurality of molded, stackable perforated sheets or plates having an oleophilic surface and increased coalescing surface area for inducing impingement of oil droplets on the medium surface.

Abstract: A porous coalescing filter element of conical configuration is disposed within a substantially cylindrical filter housing such that the area between the element and the wall increases in the direction of the primary phase flow to keep the annular velocity substantially constant or decreasing in the direction of primary fluid flow. The element may be manufactured with a round end and tapered walls terminating to a pointed apex, but is more preferably manufactured and secured within the filter housing using flat end caps on both ends. The filter element may be vacuum formed, or manufactured from media in a flat sheet form, which may be pleated if desired.

Abstract: A separator for a mixture of two liquids of different density. A container holds the mixture, which separates by gravity into a layer of lighter liquid on a layer of heavier liquid in the container. The mixture is supplied through a delivery pipe which extends from above the layer of lighter liquid down into the heavier liquid. Lighter liquid is removed through a line which includes a ball valve to provide a variable weir for controlling flow of lighter liquid from a first outlet. Heavier liquid is removed from a second outlet through an upwardly extending drain pipe connected at its lower end to the second outlet. The upper end of the drain pipe is in the vicinity of the interface between the two layers. A riser pipe disposed around and spaced from the drain pipe has an open upper end disposed above the layer of lighter liquid, and a lower end opening into the heavier liquid.

Abstract: A device for separating liquids of differing density including a container 10 for the liquid, the container having at least two outlet openings 12, 14. In addition, at least one coalescer element 16 is provided to which the liquid to be separated can be fed. The container 10 and/or the coalescer element 16 and/or additional elements 18, 20 have a modular construction and may be assembled together in any desired sequence.

Abstract: A method of removing dispersed oil from an oil in water emulsion is accomplished by the steps of dissolving gas in water to form an aerated solution, introducing the emulsion and aerated solution into a treatment vessel in which is positioned a coalescing media formed by an assembly of closely spaced corrugated plates of oleophilic material, the emulsion and aerated solution passing in contact with the plates to cause oil droplets to coalescence on the plates and small gas bubbles carried with the aerated solution to adhere to the oil droplets to increase the buoyancy of the oil droplets so that the oil droplets more readily rise to the surface of the emulsion, accumulated oil being removed from the surface.

Abstract: A single vessel with no moving parts is constructed to perform the functions of coalescing, vacuum dehydration, and thin film evaporation.

Abstract: This invention relates to waste water treatment, more specifically this invention relates to transportable decontamination system for water which is pumped from manholes and equipment vaults. The separation of water and contaminants is accomplished by a five module system. The first module removes 98% of the solids from the waste stream by use of staggered baffles. Module two reclamates the free oil present in the liquid flow with an coalescing water oil separator. The third module removes solids still left in the stream which are greater than 20 microns by use of a size discriminating filter. The fourth and fifth modules are bonding tanks used to encapsulate hydrocarbons and heavy metals respectively. The sequence in which the contaminated flow enters each of the modules is essential to the effectiveness and efficiency of the filtration process.

Abstract: A profile of the emulsion pad, the oil continuous and the water continuous phases present in a coalescer, such as a crude oil dehydrater or desalter, which contains sample withdrawing means such as trycocks or a swing arm sampler for withdrawing liquid samples from a plurality of known vertical positions inside the unit, is readily obtained by withdrawing samples from a plurality of known vertical positions inside the unit and passing the samples to a receiver outside the unit which contains means for measuring an electrical property determinative of the type of phase being measured and its water content. The measured electrical property may be the energy absorption of the sample, such as RF energy absorption.

Abstract: A compact multi-stage oil-water separator which has application in removing oily contaminants from bilge water in ships is disclosed. The oil-water separator has two toroidal mechanical separation stages on the suction side of a feed pump, and a cyclone separation stage and a filtration stage on the output side of the pump. The cyclone separation and filtration stages are located inside the mechanical separation stages for compactness. The oil-water separator has built-in fail-safe operation to prevent the accidental discharge of water in the case of contaminated sensors.

Abstract: The device (1) separates two components of a mixture (11) of non-miscible liquids, especially water or salt water and oils. The device (1) consists of a hollow body (2), having an inlet port (4) to feed the mixture (11) and outlet ports (5,6) to discharge the separated components, and a filter (7) formed of a loosely packed hydrophilic material (8) in fibers, and positioned between the inlet port (4) and the outlet port (5) of the separated water. The filter (7), when soaked with clean water, lets through only the water component of the mixture (11), while the oil component is repelled therefrom. The method separates the components of a mixture of non-miscible liquids, making use of the device specified heretofore.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing free and emulsified water as well as solid contaminants from an oil/water mixture produced in lubricating the bearings of a steam turbine employs a singular, closed housing having a lowermost, filter-free gravity chamber, an uppermost filter element chamber, and a filter-free water collection chamber between the gravity chamber and the filter element chamber. The oil/water mixture introduced into the housing has its free water component removed in the gravity chamber and has its emulsified water and solid contaminant components removed by coalescence in the filter element chamber. Free water, emulsified water and solid contaminants are collected, monitored and selectively drained from the water collection chamber and gravity chamber.

Abstract: A clarification system for water having entrained in solution or as an emulsion, broad spectrum contaminants. The system comprises a collision chamber having an entry aperture and an ion collider disposed in a central region therein. The ion collider treats the water and the contaminants with a plurality of free electrons. A separation chamber is disposed rearwardly of the collision chamber and is in flow communication with a first overflow weir for receiving the treated water and treated contaminants. An upstanding member in the separation chamber has a plurality of apertures sized to urge passage of the bulk of the treated contaminants through the apertures. A clarifying chamber is disposed rearwardly of the separation chamber and has a plurality of baffle plates obliquely oriented that urge upward flow of the treated water therethrough across the baffle plates. A water collection reservoir is disposed rearwardly of the clarifying chamber and is in flow communication with the clarifying chamber.

Abstract: A coalescer system (10) for oil-in-water soluble oil emulsions utilized as coolants and cutting oils for machining processes in industrial plants, comprises a deep bed of granular hydrophilic media particles (24) to effect coalescence of insoluble soaps and reverse phase water-in-oil droplets. The coalesced insoluble soaps and reverse phase emulsions flow to the liquid surface in tank (12) along with other contaminants that have an affinity for the reverse phase oil droplets and insoluble soaps, all in the form of floating waste (26). The waste (26) is then discarded. Effluent coolant may be transported back into the cooling system. The system (10) increases the stable life of the oil-in-water emulsion, minimizes the formation of foam, and removes other abrasive or otherwise harmful nonhomogeneous contaminants from the soluble oil emulsion.

Abstract: Oil-separation and recovery from marine oil spills is carried out by a system which includes a containment boom, a weir and/or foil type skimmer, a separator unit and a second, fire proof containment boom for receiving separated oil in a closed containment area on the surface of the body of water from which the oil has been recovered and wherein the oil may be combusted. The separator unit uses so-called superabsorbent materials including sheets of non-woven fibers or flakes of materials including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylonitrile grafted starch absorbents, polyacrylates, copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride and copolymers of unsaturated monomers and recurring units of at least one copolymerizable comonomer comprising about 20% to about 80% pendant carboxylic acid units and about 80% to about 20% pendant carboxylate salt units blended with a monomer containing at least two hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A compact gravitational oil-water separator particularly adapted for use in small drainage systems in order to avoid pollution to the environment is provided with a plurality of separating components housed within a tank. More specifically, these components include a baffle member which provides initial separation of an incoming oil-water flow stream and distributes the flow substantially across the entire width of the tank. After the flow impinges the baffle member, the flow is directed downward towards a sediment bucket which captures any large particles separated from the flow and then the flow is directed upwardly at an angle through a coalescer unit. After exiting the coalescer unit, the flow is guided over a separation plate and then is re-directed, in a reverse direction, to an inlet opening of an outlet flow passage. By reversing the fluid flow, substantially the entire tank is utilized in the separation process.

Abstract: An oil-and-water mixture is supplied to a tank which is closed at the bottom and open at the top, generally midway between top and bottom. A closed vessel envelops the upper portion of the tank. A vacuum is drawn at the top of the tank and vessel. An oil coalescer is placed between the mixture supply and the open tank top and a water coalescer between the supply and the closed tank bottom. Separated oil spills over the open tank top into the vessel, and is discharged from there. Separated water is discharged from the closed tank bottom.

Abstract: An assembly for removing hydrophilic contaminants and a method of removing hydrophilic contaminants such as sodium included in an oil-state liquid using the removing assembly, which is able to remove positively the hydrophilic contaminants such as the sodium included in the oil-state liquid in each process of the plant such as a phenol producing apparatus as well as maintain a certain level of the removing performance for a long duration, consisting of: a coalescing element for coalescing and separating from the oil-state liquid the moisture including the hydrophilic contaminants such as sodium by being penetrated the fiber layer having the characteristics of alkali resistance and solvent resistance, typified by a carbon fiber; a liquid feeding means for feeding and supplying a mixed liquid of the moisture including the hydrophilic contaminants and the oil-state liquid; a water collecting means for collecting the moisture including the hydrophilic contaminants which is coalesced and separated; and a oil colle

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid to liquid coalescing separator (10) in which the liquid flows through sides of upright perforated tubes (20). One of the liquids coalesces on the inner walls of the tubes until large enough to break away and flow out of internal passages in the tubes, and the other liquid free of coalesced liquid flows through the tubes and to an outlet (22).

Abstract: In a non-agitated, countercurrent flow type liquid-liquid contacting tower, trays consisting of column plates and dams are installed horizontally inside the tower shell alternately in vertical direction with a suitable interval. The column plate share a part of the cross-section of the tower to provide a flow channel or channels for the liquids, and the dam extends from the end of the column plate vertically downward and has openings near the column plate. The liquid-liquid contactor has high contacting efficiency, and thus relatively small sized apparatus can have a large treatment capacity. Because the apparatus has no moving element, maintenance is easy.