Abstract: A sheet member with a heater wire comprises a sheet-like base cloth and a cylindrical containing portion containing the heater wire therein and attached at one surface of the base cloth in a meandering shape.

Abstract: A heating pad system useable in one embodiment for warming a person on a support structure. In this embodiment, the heating pad system comprises an upper foam pad, a lower foam pad, and a thermal-electric heating element sandwiched between the upper and lower foam pads. A form-fitting waterproof cover encloses at least a portion of the upper and lower foam pads and the thermal-electric heating element. In one aspect of this embodiment, the heating pad system includes a power unit for providing electrical power to the thermal-electric heating element, the power unit including a control panel having at least one temperature selector, the temperature selector for selecting at least one heating pad temperature.

Abstract: A resistive heating conductor having at least one strand, a first electrical insulation surrounding the resistive heating element, a sensor conductor helically disposed around the first electrical insulation and a second electrical insulation surrounding both the sensor conductor and the first electrical insulation.

Abstract: A wire-based heating element is provided having first and second portions twisted about each other such that magnetic flux emitted from one portion is substantially cancelled by magnetic flux emitted from the other portion. A bonding material that fixedly connects the two portions of the heating element and restricts their movement relative to each other to thereby maximize the cancellation of magnetic flux. A substrate-based heating element is also provided having traces on opposed sides of a substrate and overlying each other to cancel magnetic flux. Electrical connection pads are located on the same side of the substrate, and the second trace extends passed the first trace to connect to the second connection pad. A lead connected to the first connection pad overlies the portion of the second trace that extends to the second connection pad to thereby cancel magnetic flux emissions from this portion of the second trace.

Abstract: One or more current sensors are mounted externally of a heating member so as to simplify construction of the heating member. The sensors are particularly useful in safety control circuits for heating members using PTC wire as resistance heating elements.

Abstract: A PWM-based controller for controlling a voltage applied to a DC-powered electric heating blanket from a power source includes a square wave producing circuit for connection in the circuit with the battery and the blanket. The square wave producing circuit produces a variable duty cycle square wave for controlling application of power to the blanket in accordance with the duty cycle of the square wave. The square wave producing circuit has a control input for varying the duty cycle of the square wave in response to a voltage at the control input. The voltage at the control input may be set manually using a voltage varying circuit connected to the power source. A low voltage detection circuit may also be connected to the power source and coupled to the control input of the square wave producing circuit for automatically producing a voltage that decreases the duty cycle of the square wave when the battery voltage decreases to or below a predetermined level.

Abstract: An electrically operated heating device such as an electric blanket, mattress pad, heating pad or throw, includes a power supply, a controller and a heating member that can be selectively engaged and disengaged with each other, to provide a modular construction. The controller and the power supply can be used with different types of heating members, to provide manufacturing efficiencies and to reduce assembly steps. The controller and the heating member can also be engaged with an adapter which is configured for engagement with a power source associated with a vehicle, such as a cigarette lighter-type power source. In this manner, the pliable heating member and the controller can be used with either a stationary power source or with a power source associated with a vehicle.

Abstract: An electrically operated heating device, such as an electric blanket, mattress pad, heating pad or throw having a pliable member, includes heating elements located within an interior defined by the pliable member which are configured to prevent breakage or disconnection of the heating elements in the event the pliable member is subjected to a concentrated load that applies tension to the heating elements. The interior of the pliable member includes a series of passages within which the heating elements are located. The heating elements have a non-linear configuration such that the overall length of the heating element contained within each passage has a length greater than that of the passage, which enables the heating elements to stretch and flex when the blanket portion is subjected to a concentrated load.

Abstract: An electrically operated heating device, such as an electric blanket, mattress pad, heating pad or throw having a pliable member, includes heating elements located within an interior defined by the pliable member which are configured to prevent breakage or disconnection of the heating elements in the event the pliable member is subjected to a concentrated load that applies tension to the heating elements. The interior of the pliable member includes a series of passages within which the heating elements are located. The heating elements have a non-linear configuration such that the overall length of the heating element contained within each passage has a length greater than that of the passage, which enables the heating elements to stretch and flex when the blanket portion is subjected to a concentrated load.

Abstract: A surface heating device comprises a heating element fabricated by braiding plural conductors on a flexible supporter. The surface heating device employs a heating element member which is reduced in thickness or diameter, and thus can be inhibited from providing an uncomfortable touch when sat upon or appearing as a relief on a surface cover of a seat. Also, because a pad is reduced in thickness, the surface cover of the seat can be heated up rapidly. The heating element is fabricated by braiding the conductors, and thus, when loaded with a weight when sat upon, the heating element allows a resultant stress exerted thereon to be dispersed through the conductors, hence being stronger against bending. Moreover, the conductors are inhibited from separating from each other and need no insulating coat.

Abstract: An electrically heating cable of the invention comprises a central core formed from the assembly of a plurality of graphite fibers. The central core is covered with a nylon layer. Around the nylon layer is wound a temperature sensing wire made of nickel in a helicoid manner. Ultimately, the electrically heating cable is encapsulated within an insulating layer made of polyvinyl chloride. Thereby, the electrically heating cable is provided with a sufficient toughness and flexibility to prevent cracks and ensure a safe use.

Abstract: An electric heating wire and applications thereof with the electric wire consists of a core made from a plurality strands of graphite fibers. The core is wound by an oblate insulation layer which has two wing flaps on the left and right sides for stitching and anchoring use. The core of the electric wire that consists of graphite fiber can generate heat when energized. The electric wire thus made may be anchored on blankets quickly to form an electric blanket, and can prevent rupture resulting from fatigue caused by temperature variations. The electric wire and the electric blanket thus formed have improved safety when in use and have a greater durability.

Abstract: A warming fabric that utilizes a multiplex circuit to provide heat to at least two different zones of the warming fabric. A controller for the warming fabric may alternate power supplied to the separate zones during a duty cycle. For example, the controller may supply power to a first zone of the warming fabric for a specified time based upon the heat setting for the first zone. During this specified time period, a second zone would not be supplied power. When the on time for the first zone is finished, the controller may apply power to the second zone for a specified time. If desired, separate zones may operate at different lengths of time during the duty cycle so that the separate zones would be supplied different levels of heating.

Abstract: An electric blanket connectable to a power source is provided. The electric blanket includes first and second heating wires connected in series and a monitoring wire positioned therebetween. The monitoring wire is engageable with at least one of the heating wires in response to a predetermined temperature. The cutout interconnects the heating wires to a power source. A monitoring circuit triggers the cutout so as to disconnect the heating wires from the power source in response to engagement of the monitoring wire with one of the heating wires.

Abstract: Disclosed is a warming blanket system having a fabric comprising a heating element, a data temperature mechanism configured to provide ambient air temperature data, a user input configured to provide user heat output preference data for a given normal ambient temperature, and a control system configured to input said air temperature and user heat output preference data and adjust heat output to said heating element based upon a deviation of a measured ambient temperature from said normal ambient temperature.

Abstract: A warming blanket having a temperature sensing element for sensing the temperature of the warming blanket. The temperature sensor may be a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element that is threaded throughout the blanket. In one embodiment, the temperature sensing element runs perpendicular or transverse to the heating wires in the warming blanket, permitting the temperature sensing element to measure an average blanket temperature. In another embodiment, the heating element is supplied as a pair of buss wires extending along opposite sides of the warming blanket and having a number of heating wires extending therebetween. In this embodiment, the temperature sensing elements may run either parallel to or transverse to the heating elements. Temperature changes/signals in the temperature sensing element are sent to a microprocessor, which in turn changes the wattage of the heating elements to prevent overheating of the warming blanket.

Abstract: A multi-zone bedding system includes a blanket (or sleeping bag, pad, medical heating enclosure, or the like) defined by two or more zones having independent insulation values. In one embodiment, the bedding system includes a controller configured to independently modify or regulate the insulation value of one or more of those zones to suit the personal preferences of the individual or individuals using the system. The insulation value of the zones may be altered by modifying, for example, the density, material type, air content, internal chemical reaction, electrical current, and/or the thickness of the blanket.

Abstract: A heating unit is presented for use in a heating device for surface heating of a body to enable maintaining a required temperature of the body. The heating unit is composed of first and second elements each made of a material with a specific resistivity in a range of about 0.01-0.01 Ohm·mm2/m, thereby enabling substantial flatness and flexibility of the heating unit. The first and second adjacent elements are accommodated in spaced-apart planes, are electrically insulated from each other, and have different resistance and different surface areas as compared to each other. The first element having the relatively high resistance and the relatively low surface area serves as a heater, and the second element, which is located closer to the body, when the heating unit is in the operation, serves as a distributor of heat created by the first element when connected to a power source.

Abstract: Heat losses from electric heating pads, blankets and pillows are reduced by aligning heat reflective strips or coatings over the top of a heating wire arranged inside the pads, blankets and pillows. By reducing heat losses, lower wattage can be applied to the heating wire to transfer the same amount of heat to a user as equivalent higher wattage blankets which do not have the heat reflective strips. By lowering the applied wattage, a more efficient blanket results.

Abstract: A warming fabric having temperature compensation controls that vary the heat output of the warming fabric to adjust for changes in ambient temperature. A thermistor or another mechanism that is configured to generate information about the temperature of the location of the blanket is used to generate temperature data. A microcomputer uses the temperature data to determine how the heat output of the warming fabric should be modified due to ambient temperature. To do so, a look up table or an algorithm may be used to calculate the appropriate heat output.

Abstract: A heating pad system is useable in one embodiment for warming a person on a support structure. In this embodiment, the heating pad system comprises an upper foam pad, a lower foam pad, and a thermal-electric heating element sandwiched between the upper and lower foam pads. A form-fitting waterproof cover encloses at least a portion of the upper and lower foam pads and the thermal-electric heating element. In one aspect of this embodiment, the heating pad system includes a power unit for providing electrical power to the thermal-electric heating element, the power unit including a control panel having at least one temperature selector, the temperature selector for selecting at least one heating pad temperature.

Abstract: A highly flexible and reliable electric heating cloth and method for providing a stable elevated temperature to an environmental site. The heating cloth is comprised of conductive resistive threads which are interwoven with non-conductive threads. One characterizing feature of the cloth is that the diameters of the threads are less than 0.7 mm. Another distinguishing feature is that the conducting resistive threads have thin outer shells containing a matrix of a thermally stable, elastomeric, high temperature polymer and dispersed particles of carbon formed from acetylene and colloidal graphite. A third distinguishing feature is that an arrangement of conductive bus bars and conductive distributing bars in the heating cloth make it possible to divide the cloth into multiple heating zones. A method is disclosed for producing the heating cloth.

Abstract: A manufacture or cell (20) formed by a closed case (21) of fabric material (23) in which a multiple number of meltable plastic pellets (24) are disposed and with which an electrical line (25), here in the form of lines (25-1, 25-2), combine in an interwoven assembly. Heat is applied to the pellets (24) via the electrical line (25) to melt them into a mass of substance that solidifies into a solid wall or thickness while concurrently adhering to the fabric material (23) so that the resulting structure is in a cast condition, transformed from its flexible state prior to application of the heat to pellets (24) into a wall-like member. The cell (20) is useful in application of constructing a habitable temporary living housing or shelter for victims arising out of a catastrophe.

Abstract: A thermoconductive rubber patch includes a thermoconductive rubber piece which is encased by an insulating casing and is made of rubber, carbon black granules and metal granules. The thermoconductive rubber piece is provided with an electric circuit and is capable of generating heat at the time when an electric current flows over the electric circuit. The thermoconductive rubber piece has a resistance, with the magnitude of the resistance being dependent on a ratio by which the carbon black granules and the metal granules are contained in the thermoconductive rubber piece.

Abstract: An electric blanket connectable to a power source is provided. The electric blanket includes first and second heating wires connected in series and a monitoring wire positioned therebetween. The monitoring wire is engageable with at least one of the heating wires in response to a predetermined temperature. The cutout interconnects the heating wires to a power source. A monitoring circuit triggers the cutout so as to disconnect the heating wires from the power source in response to engagement of the monitoring wire with one of the heating wires.

Abstract: An electrically heated blanket which is able to adjust temperature by means of a controller comprising a main blanket body composing of fabrics, two heater cables arranged over the main blanket body which form a configuration of a concave or a U-letter in a plan view. The two heater cables are arranged adjacent and in parallel to each other, beginning ends thereof being connected to the controller and the terminal ends thereof being connected to each other in which electric current flows in opposite directions.

Abstract: An electrically heated blanket which is able to adjust temperature by means of a controller comprising a main blanket body composing of fabrics, two heater cables arranged over the main blanket body which form a configuration of a concave or a U-letter in a plan view. The two heater cables are arranged adjacent and in parallel to each other, beginning ends thereof being connected to the controller and the terminal ends thereof being connected to each other in which electric current flows in opposite directions.

Abstract: An apparatus for warming a patient includes a patient support surface having an outer cover configured to contact the patient, an electrically conductive fabric located within the cover, and a controller electrically coupled to the conductive fabric to heat the electrically conductive fabric to a selected level.

Abstract: An electrical heating device of low electromagnetic wave effect comprises a power wire connected to a power source and a corresponding heating wire connected in series to the power wire. Said heating wire and said power wire each have two ends, one of the ends of said heating wire and one of the ends of said power wire being connected in series and the other one of the ends of said heating wire and the other one of the ends of said power wire being connected to said same power source, and said heating wire and said power wire being in spaced arrangement at a predetermined distance. The electrical heating device further comprises an insulator for providing a common spaced arrangement of the heating wire and the power wire inside the insulator. According to such structure, the present invention can effectively offset the electromagnetic wave and thereby lower the overall electromagnetic wave effect.

Abstract: An electric heating blanket control circuit assembly is constructed to include an electric heater, a sensor adapted for detecting the temperature level of the electric heater, a controller, the controller having a monitoring circuit adapted for monitoring normal functioning of the sensor and the electric heater and a main control circuit adapted controlling the operation of the electric heater subject to the detection result of the sensor to keep the temperature of the electric heater to be maintained within a limited range, and a power adapter adapted for providing low voltage DC to the electric heater, the sensor, and the controller for working.

Abstract: A sheet member with a heater wire comprises a sheet-like base cloth and a cylindrical containing portion containing the heater wire therein and attached at one surface of the base cloth in a meandering shape.

Abstract: A heating element, including a sensor conductor, two resistive conductors, with one resistive conductor arranged on one side of the sensor conductor and an other resistive conductor arranged on an other side of the sensor conductor such that the sensor conductor and the two resistive conductors are substantially parallel and plastic electrical insulation surrounding the sensor conductor and each resistive conductor.

Abstract: Electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles have a fabric layer having a first surface and an opposite, second surface, and an electric resistance heating/warming element in the form of a conductive yarn mounted upon first surface of the fabric layer, e.g. in embroidery stitching, and adapted to generate heating/warming when connected to a power source. A barrier layer may be positioned, for example, at least adjacent to the first or second surface of the fabric layer. Methods of forming electric resistance heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described.

Abstract: An electric blanket remote control system according to the present invention includes a remote control device and a base unit. The remote control device includes a case, a digital display, an RF transmitter, electronic circuitry, a microprocessor and a power supply connection. The base unit may include a container, an RF receiver, a variable current control circuit, a safety detection circuit, blanket connection circuitry, electronic circuitry, a microprocessor, and power supply connection circuitry. The remote control device transmits command controls to the base unit, and the base unit modulates an electric current flowing through the electric blanket in accordance with the command controls.

Abstract: A heating blanket reduces the possibility of electrical arcing by providing a series of individual heating elements each carrying a low current.

Abstract: Heat losses from electric heating pads, blankets and pillows are reduced by aligning heat reflective strips or coatings over the top of a heating wire arranged inside the pads, blankets and pillows. By reducing heat losses, lower wattage can be applied to the heating wire to transfer the same amount of heat to a user as equivalent higher wattage blankets which do not have the heat reflective strips. By lowering the applied wattage, a more efficient blanket results.

Abstract: One or more current sensors are mounted externally of a heating member so as to simplify construction of the heating member. The sensors are particularly useful in safety control circuits for heating members using PTC wire as resistance heating elements.

Abstract: A heating blanket, pad or pillow is produced from a continuous roll of substrate material over which a continuous length of resistance heating wire is arranged. Predetermined lengths of the resulting substrate and heating element are cut from the roll to produce individual heating products. PTC wire is preferably used for the resistance wire and facilitates a continuous manufacturing process.

Abstract: A fabric article that generates heat upon application of electrical power is formed, for example, by joining stitch and loop yarns to form a fabric prebody, with the loop yarn overlaying the stitch yarn at a technical face and forming loops at a technical back of the fabric prebody. An electrical resistance heating element, e.g., in the form of a conductive yarn, is incorporated into the fabric prebody at symmetrical and/or asymmetrical spaced-apart intervals as the stitch yarn, the electrical resistance heating elements extending between opposite edge regions of the fabric and conductor elements, e.g. located along edge regions, connect the electrical resistance heating elements to a source of electrical power. The technical face and/or the technical back of the fabric body may have fleece formed by finishing in a manner to avoid damage to electrical conductance of the electrical resistance heating elements.

Abstract: A thermo-sensitive heater and heater driving circuit are disclosed. The thermo-sensitive heater comprises a cord-shaped nylon thermistor that surrounds a heating element, such that the thermistor detects the temperature of the heating element and controls the driving current for a heating coil. Also, the present invention includes electromagnetic shielding material, which is formed by winding an electric conductor around the outer surface of the nylon thermistor, or formed as a wire mesh. This shielding material is advantageous for discharging the electric field radiated from inside of the heater to an external electric field, thus safely eliminating harmful electric fields. Also, the present invention further provides a driving circuit for safely driving the heater, which includes a temperature controller or an overheating prevention circuit.

Abstract: A flexible heater or cooler which includes a flexible, conformal, thermally conductive container filled with thermally conductive material. A thermal element within the container or in contact with the outside of the container provides heat to the container or removes heat from the container. The thermal element is powered by a low voltage direct current electrical source. A sensor for determining the temperature of the thermally conductive material is also included. The thermal element, electrical source, and sensor are in communication by connectors with a solid state continuous temperature controller. In operation, the electrical source provides power to the thermal element, thereby heating or cooling the thermally conductive material within the container. The temperature in the container is determined by the sensor and the controller controls the power delivery to the thermal element in response to the setting on the controller and the temperature in the container.

Abstract: A thermal warming garment for user temperature management having at least one heating element matrix associated therewith, wherein the thermal warming garment has a top portion and a lower portion, wherein the lower portion has integral feet portions. The thermal warming garment is preferably powered by a battery power pack operatively connected to the at least one heating element matrix via a conductive wire.

Abstract: A fibrous article that generates heat upon application of electrical power is formed, for example, by joining stitch and loop yarns to form a fibrous prebody, with the loop yarn overlaying the stitch yarn at a technical face and forming loops at a technical back of the fabric prebody. An electrical resistance heating element, e.g., in the form of conductive elements, is joined with the stitch and loop yarns in the prebody at symmetrical and/or asymmetrical spaced-apart intervals as the stitch yarn, the electrical resistance heating elements extending between opposite edge regions of the fibrous article and conductor elements, e.g. located along edge regions, connect the electrical resistance heating elements to a source of electrical power. The technical face and/or the technical back of the fabric body may have fleece formed by finishing non-conductive fibers of the stitch yarn and/or loop yarn in a manner to avoid damage to electrical conductance of the electrical resistance heating elements.

Abstract: A soft heating element, utilizing electro conductive textile threads as a heating means having additional safety functions as TCO (thermal cut-off) and TSL (temperature self-limiting) devices. The thermal cut-off function is achieved through melting of the electro conductive threads at the temperatures above 120° C. and below 350° C., which results in termination of electrical continuity in the heating element. The temperature self-limiting capability is achieved through a heating thread electrical resistance increase during slow elevation in its temperature, which is below its melting point. Methods of electrical and mechanical connection between heating threads and metal conductors, utilizing winding of connections with flexible strands of fibers or wires, with optional subsequent placement of a rigid mechanical fastener over the winding.

Abstract: Methods of forming an electric heating/warming composite fabric article include the steps of applying an electricity-conducting paste upon a surface in a predetermined pattern of an electric circuit, and curing the electricity-conducting paste to form an electric heating/warming element in the form of a flexible, electricity-conducting film defining an electric circuit, the electric heating/warming element being adapted for connection to a power source, thereby to generate heating/warming. The fabric article includes a fabric layer, and may include a barrier layer joined to or associated with a surface of the fabric layer. The electric circuit may be formed directly upon a surface of the fabric layer or upon a surface of the barrier layer. The circuit may be formed and cured upon the barrier layer before or after it is joined to the fabric layer.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for heating diesel fuel so as to prevent coagulating or gelling during extremely cold temperatures. The apparatus comprises a cover, made of a flexible material, containing within it a heating element. A cord is connected to the heating element capable of supplying power thereto. The cover is attached to the diesel fuel tank by releasable straps and the cord is connected to a power source for maintaining the fuel in a liquid state.

Abstract: A fabric article that generates heat upon application of electrical power is formed, for example, by joining stitch and loop yarns to form a fabric body, with the loop yarn overlaying the stitch yarn at a technical face and forming loops at a technical back of the fabric body. An electrical resistance heating element, e.g., in the form of a conductive yarn, is incorporated into the fabric body at symmetrical and/or asymmetrical spaced-apart intervals as the stitch yarn, the electrical resistance heating elements extending between opposite edge regions of the fabric and conductor elements, e.g. located along edge regions, connect the electrical resistance heating elements to a source of electrical power. The technical face and/or the technical back of the fabric body may have fleece formed by finishing in a manner to avoid damage to electrical conductance of the electrical resistance heating elements.

Abstract: An internally temperature controlled heat blanket. The heat blanket includes an outer layer of protecting foam fiberglass that affords operator safety, a layer of closed cell silicone foam which provides thermal and electrical insulation, a layer of thermally conductive mesh, another layer of thermally conductive silicone with holes cut into it, the holes containing positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements, another layer of conductive mesh, a layer of thermally conductive silicone, and an inner layer of moderately conductive cured silicone or foam.

Abstract: A heating appliance such as an electric heating blanket having a control circuit which controls the application of power to the heating element of the blanket based on the condition of the heating element. The circuit senses the voltage at the end of the heating element in order to determine if the heating element has a short or an open circuit condition therein. Under normal conditions, the sensed voltage will be above a predetermined threshold value. If the sensed voltage falls below the threshold value, the control circuit shuts off power to the heating element. The control circuit will keep power off until the fault condition has been corrected and power has been removed and reapplied to the control circuit.

Abstract: An internally temperature controlled heat blanket. The heat blanket includes an outer layer of protecting foam fiberglass that affords operator safety, a layer of closed cell silicone foam which provides thermal and electrical insulation, a layer of thermally conductive mesh, another layer of thermally conductive silicone with holes cut into it, the holes containing positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements, another layer of conductive mesh, a layer of thermally conductive silicone, and an inner layer of moderately conductive cured silicone or foam.