Abstract: A ceramic heater including a plate member made of insulating ceramics in which one or more pair(s) of through-holes are formed, a rod member made of conductive ceramics with a power-supply terminal at one end. The rod member is inserted into the through hole in the plate member. A conductive layer made of conductive ceramics is formed on the plate member; and a coating layer made of insulating ceramics is formed on the conductive layer. One end face of the rod member has a same plane with a main surface of the plate member, the conductive layer has a heater pattern formed on the main surface of the plate member, and the rod members are electrically insulated not to be short-circuited to each other in the opposite main surface.

Abstract: A hotplate with a stainless steel top plate to support a vessel. The stainless steel top plate has an upper surface with a substantially centrally located depression having a depth and area generally sufficient to absorb upward crowning of the top plate when heated. A heating unit is in a heat transfer relation with the stainless steel top plate, and a base unit is connected to the heating plate assembly; however, the base unit is not fastened directly to the stainless steel top plate, so that the stainless steel top plate can expand more uniformly when heated.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a PTC element comprising a pair of lead terminals bonded together by thermocompression with a matrix held therebetween comprises a matrix preparing step of preparing a matrix constructed by dispersing a conductive filler into a crystalline polymer; a terminal preparing step of preparing a pair of lead terminals holding the matrix therebetween, a surface of each lead terminal facing the matrix being formed with a plurality of anchor protrusions separated from each other; a flattening step of flattening the anchor protrusions formed in respective nonoverlapping areas in the pair of lead terminals kept from overlapping the matrix; and a thermocompression bonding step of holding the matrix between respective overlapping areas in the pair of lead terminals overlapping the matrix, and securing the pair of lead terminals and the matrix together by thermocompression bonding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible electrothermal composite. In one embodiment, a flexible electorthermal composite includes a flexible polymer matrix and a number of carbon nanotubes dispersed in the matrix, the carbon nanotubes forming a plurality of conductive network in the polymer. The flexible electrothermal composite has high flexibility, resistance and intensity.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention provide polymeric compositions including PTC composites that exhibit highly non-linear PTC effects together with extremely rapid, repeatable switching within a predetermined temperature range. In one embodiment, the polymer composite includes a polymer base material with dispersed conductive particles that have very low densities and very low thermal conductivity properties. The conductive particle component can comprise hollow glass microspheres to provide low mass and low thermal conductivity properties together with a nanoscale conductive cladding of silver or gold. The conductively clad microspheres have a core portion with a bulk density of less than about 2.0 g/cm3 and a mean thermal conductivity of less than about 5.0 W/m-° K.

Abstract: A silica glass containing from 3 to 10 mass % of TiO2, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion from 0 to 100° C., i.e. CTE0 to 100, of 0±300 ppb/° C. and an internal transmittance per mm in thickness within a wavelength region of from 200 to 700 nm, i.e. T200 to 700, of at most 80%.

Abstract: An electric heating module includes an electric heater (10), a heat pipe (20) having an evaporating section (22) thermally attached to the electric heater and a condensing section (24), and at least one heat radiator (30, 40) thermally attached to the condensing section. The electric heater includes a pair of electrode plates (12, 14) and a heating element (16) sandwiched between and electrically connecting the electrode plates. An insulation frame (19) encloses the electrode plates therein for electrically insulating the electric heater from the heat radiator. For the non-linear PTC heating element, the electric heater can rapidly heat up to and stay at a desired stable temperature. The heat pipe can transfer heat from the electric heater to the heat radiator rapidly and timely by phase change.

Abstract: In order to make it possible to produce a secure and permanent contact connection between an electrical conductor made from a soft material, in particular an aluminum conductor, and a contact element made from a harder material, the conductor is encapsulated at least partially in a contact region by an electrically conductive material. The electrically conductive material is harder than the soft material of the conductor. The electrically conductive material is applied with the aid of a thermal spraying process, with the result that there is a pressure-free electrical connection between the soft material and the sprayed-on material. Electrical contact is made with the contact element indirectly via the sprayed-on material. The thermal encapsulation by the spraying in the contact region makes it possible for a reliable electrical contact to be made even in the case of soft materials having a tendency towards cold flow.

Abstract: A device for generating infrared radiation includes at least one heating element and at least one radiating element for irradiating the infrared radiation. The heating element is a micromechanical, two-dimensional heater structure. The heating element may be applied on the radiating element using hybrid technology such that the radiation element has at least one side facing the heating element and at least one side facing away. The radiating element may be ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A window pane has a substrate formed from glass and includes an electrical device. The electrical device includes an electrical conductor. An electrical connector is operatively connected to and in electrical communication with the conductor for transferring electrical energy to the conductor. The substrate has a first coefficient of expansion and the connector has a second coefficient of thermal expansion. A difference between the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion is equal to or less than 5×10?6/° C. for minimizing mechanical stress between the connector and the substrate due to thermal expansion of the connector and the substrate resulting from changes in temperature.

Abstract: A defrost heater, in which the strength of an insertion force needed for inserting a second glass tube in a plug is specified to be smaller than that needed for inserting a first glass tube in a plug. Thereby, dispersion in the insertion force needed for attaching the plug with a double glass tube can be reduced, and the assembling efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A patterned foil sheet heating element has a first discrete region patterned with a first plurality of holes forming multiple conductive ribbons and having a first sheet resistivity. It also has a second discrete region patterned with a second plurality of holes forming multiple conductive ribbons and having a second sheet resistivity. At least some of the multiple conductive ribbons in the first discrete region are in electrical continuity with at least some of the multiple conductive ribbons in the second discrete region, and the first discrete region and the second discrete region both adjoin a first junction strip of the foil heating element. An electrothermal heating assembly may be formed using such a patterned foil sheet sandwiched between two layers of material which may be thermally conductive and electrical insulative.

Abstract: To provide a door mirror heater for a vehicle such as a motor vehicle or the like on which a high voltage battery is mounted, a door mirror heater compliant to a high voltage battery having a heat generating circuit provided with a PTC layer corresponding to a heating element and electrodes for applying a current to the PTC layer is structured such that an initial resistance value of the heat generating circuit is set between 20 and 200 ?, more preferably between 50 and 100 ?, a lower limit value of a PTC characteristic R100° C./R25° C. is set to 10, more preferably, to 50, and a rubber is added to a main material polymer of the PTC layer, and a metal oxide is added as a filler.

Abstract: A protection structure of a ceramic resistor heating module, and more particularly a protection structure of a heating module, which utilizes a ceramic resistor having a positive temperature coefficient and is consisted of cooling fins, includes insulation layers that are heat-insulated. Using the insulation layers, electricity and external hazardous substances such as acids, alkalis and salt are shielded to accomplish all-round protection.

Abstract: Ceramic igniter compositions are provided that contain components of conductive material and insulating material, where the insulating material component includes a relatively high concentration of metal oxide. Ceramic igniters of the invention are particularly effective for high voltage use, including throughout the range of from about 187 to 264 volts.

Abstract: A heater system is provided with a layered heater in communication with a two-wire controller, wherein a resistive layer of the layered heater is both a heater element and a temperature sensor. The two-wire controller thus determines temperature of the layered heater using the resistance of the resistive layer and controls heater temperature through a power source. Furthermore, a heater system using a layered heater in communication with a two-wire controller for a specific application of a hot runner nozzle in an injection molding system is provided by the present invention.

Abstract: A method for the production of a heating element that is composed essentially of molybdenum silicide and alloys of that basic material, and a heating element formed from such material. A material is produced that contains substantially Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3 by mixing a molybdenum aluminum silicide Mo(Si1-yAly)2 with bentonite clay in a known manner. The bentonite clay contains impure or contaminating substances with which molybdenum silicide cannot be alloyed and with which the symmetry of the crystal lattice of the molybdenum silicide is retained with a combined content of less than 2000 ppm.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heating element having a glow zone and two power supply terminals. The glow zone of the element is tubular. A tubular union is provided between each of the power supply terminals and a respective end of the glow zone, wherein the inner diameter of the union is smaller than the inner diameter of the glow zone. A transition region extends between each union and a respective glow zone end and has a progressively decreasing wall thickness in the direction from the union toward the glow zone.

Abstract: A printing apparatus may include a heating element with at least one of a contact fuser, a radiant fuser, a substrate preheater, an image bearing member heater, and a transfuser, the heating element including a lattice of filaments wherein the filaments are separated from each other by a spacing and the spacing is such that an energy input into the heating element is radiantly output in a specific frequency band. A method of using a printing apparatus may include providing a heating element that is part of the printing device and that includes a lattice of filaments wherein the filaments are separated from each other by a spacing and the spacing is such that an energy input into the lattice is radiantly output in a specific frequency band, and performing at least one printing operation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided through which a radio-frequency dielectric heater has a cylindrical form factor, a variable thermal energy deposition through variations in geometry and composition of a dielectric, and/or has a thermally isolated power input.

Abstract: A heater comprising a conduit made of corundum (e.g. synthetic sapphire) and having a wall forming a closed cross-section with an interior surface, and an exterior surface. At least one of the interior and exterior surfaces may have a roughened portion comprising inclusions and corresponding protrusions formed substantially continuously therethroughout. An electrically resistive coating may extend substantially continuously over, in, and around the inclusions and protrusions of at least a part of the roughened portion to form a conformal cross-section having a thickness selected to promote bending thereof to accommodate annular expansion and contraction occurring in response to a differential in the coefficients of expansion between the electrically resistive coating and the conduit.

Abstract: A ceramic heater is provided which may be employed in a gas sensor. The ceramic heater includes a heating element disposed inside a ceramic body, a connector assembly, and a cover coating. The connector assembly consists of an external terminal, a connector terminal, and a metallic joint layer. The external terminal is affixed to an outer surface of the ceramic body in electrical connection with the heating element. The joint layer is formed on the external terminal to establish an electrical joint between the external terminal and the connector terminal. The cover coating is wrapped over a surface of the connector assembly and made of a metallic material containing a main component of one of Au, Pt, and Cr, thereby ensuring a corrosion resistance of the connector assembly.

Abstract: A carbon wire heating element sealing heater is provided. Therein, a carbon wire heating element using carbon fibers is sealed in a quartz glass member, wherein absorption water quantity of the carbon wire heating element is 2×10?3 g/cm3 or less.

Abstract: A far infrared tubular porous ceramic heating element which is suitable for various kinds of catalyst, heater and electric conductor . . . etc. Inside the body, a plurality of via holes is formed, and the crossing portions of the walls of via holes are formed in arc shape so as to prevent breaking and disturbance to heat flow.

Abstract: A method of producing a heating element made from molybdenum silicide and alloys thereof, and which includes aluminum oxide on its surface. A material is produced that contains substantially Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3 by mixing a mixture of a silicon and molybdenum compound with an aluminum compound. Either of the silicon and molybdenum compounds include Mo(Si1-yAly)2 and are mixed with one or both of an aluminum compound in the form of Al2O3 or Al(OH)3 and optionally the compounds SiO2, Si, and MoO3, or by virtue of the mixture of the silicon and molybdenum compound containing MoO3 and Al and Si and/or SiO2. The input components together have a degree of purity corresponding to at least 98%. The mixture reacts exothermically and/or by being sintered, so that exchange reactions take place to form the compounds Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3, where x lies in the range of 0.4–0.6.

Abstract: The far-infrared heating device has a far-infrared element and two pieces of cloth. The far-infrared element has a wire grid and two membranes. The wire grid is connected to a power supply. When electricity is fed to the wire grid, the wire grid generates heat that passes through the membranes, and the heat becomes far-infrared rays.

Abstract: A baking method for heating an object (an inner pipe, an outer pipe) having a vacuum layer formed therein to remove gas molecules occluded in the object, wherein the object itself is made to be a heat production element for heating. By making the baking object a heat production element, the object can be heated directly and the heating can be energy-efficient. Moreover, additional heating means such as a heater or gas is unnecessary, which enables simplification of a configuration of a baking device. Therefore, a baking method is obtained which enables energy-efficient heating and, in particular, uniform heating of a long or large object.

Abstract: A heating apparatus has a spectral selective type heat radiating material having a high emissivity in a specific wavelength region. A film of the spectral selective type heat radiating material is formed on a surface of a heat radiant while leaving at least one region of the surface of the heat radiant with nothing formed thereon. The film is applied so it is possible to identify whether or not the heating apparatus is operating and to prevent the temperature of a surface of the heat radiant from rising excessively. The spectral selectivity of spectral emissivity is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the film of the spectral selective type heat radiating material.

Abstract: A crenellated resistor made from a carbonaceous material and having the shape of a hollow cylinder for use in furnaces working at high temperature. The resistor is characterized by the thickness of the cylinder walls which follows a profile determined so as to produce an even temperature on the surface of the resistor when it is working. Thus, the wall has a radial thickness which decreases in a transition section from the peripheral edge to the internal edge. The resistor configuration allows elimination of hot spots which may appear when electricity flows through the resistor.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum nitride sintered body which has excellent mechanical strength and in which ceramic particles is prevented from coming off from the surface and/or side thereof and generation of free particles is suppressed. The aluminum nitride sintered body of the present invention is wherein it contains sulfur.

Abstract: A source for reducing drift of a hot spot by producing infrared (IR) light with an insulating housing; an electrical power supply; first and second resistance elements having first and second resistivities; a third resistance element having a third resistivity; the third resistance element disposed between the first and second resistance elements, with the resistivity of the third resistance element having a value greater than the resistivity of both the first and second resistance elements. Alternatively, the first and second resistance elements can have cross-sectional areas that are greater than that of the third resistance. A method of reducing drift of a hot spot in a radiating element of a source of IR illumination by applying constant polarity substantially constant direct current from the power supply and reversing polarity in less than 24 hours, by a square wave AC source, or a Class E amplifier at constant power.

Abstract: A method of increasing the useful life of heating elements that consist essentially of molybdenum silicide and alloys thereof, wherein the heating elements operate at high temperatures in heat treatment processes and generally rest against the floor and/or the ceiling of a furnace. The heating elements contain aluminum to an extent sufficient to maintain a stable, slowly growing layer of aluminum oxide on the surfaces of the heating elements, and the heating elements are placed in direct abutment with an aluminum oxide brick material.

Abstract: A method of increasing the length of life of heating elements that consist essentially of molybdenum-silicide, and alloys thereof, when the elements are operated at a low temperature, such as at a temperature ranging from 400-600° C. The heating element material contains Mo(Si1-xAlx)2, and that material contains sufficient aluminum to substantially prevent the formation of pest.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heating apparatus with electrostatic attraction function 1, comprising at least a supporting base 2, an electrode for electrostatic attraction 4 and a heating layer 5 that are formed on the supporting base, and an insulating layer 6 that is formed on the electrode for electrostatic attraction and the heating layer, wherein the electrode for electrostatic attraction and/or the heating layer are/is composed of pyrolytic graphite containing boron and/or boron carbide of 0.001-30% by weight in terms of boron concentration, and the insulating layer has an electric resistivity of 106-1015 ?cm. There is provided a heating apparatus with electrostatic attraction function, which has a high thermal shock resistance, no problem of delamination, a proper resistance value, and a sufficient electrostatic attraction force even in a medium and high temperature range of 500-800° C.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heating element operable at extremely high temperature, up 2300° C. when used in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere, and up to bout 1200° C. when used in an oxidizing atmosphere. The element is formed substantially from titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2), which is readily workable to enable it to be produced in different forms. It also has a higher mechanical strength than that of graphite heating elements.

Abstract: Method for producing a resistive heating element by coating a substrate with an electrically insulating material from the gaseous phase, depositing an electrically conducting material from the gaseous phase onto the layer of insulating material deposited onto the substrate, wherein the layer of conducting material deposited onto the layer of insulating material is subsequently partially mechanically removed thereby forming at least one conductor path. The substrate is machined before depositing the insulating material thereby forming at least one recess provided for receiving the conductor path. The layers of insulating material and conducting material are deposited onto the mechanically processed substrate. Finally, the layer of conducting material is evenly removed until at least the conducting material has been completely removed from the elevated regions of the substrate delimiting the recess of the conductor path, thereby forming the conductor path.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic substrate which can keep a sufficiently large breakdown voltage even if the pore diameter of its maximum pore is 50 ?m or less to be larger than that of conventional ceramic substrates, can give a large fracture toughness value because of the presence of pores, can resist thermal impact, and can give a small warp amount at high temperature. The ceramic substrate of the present invention is a ceramic substrate for a semiconductor-producing/examining device having a conductor formed on a surface of the ceramic substrate or inside the ceramic substrate, wherein: the substrate is made of a non-oxide ceramic containing oxygen; and the pore diameter of the maximum pore thereof is 50 ?m or less.

Abstract: A carbon wire heating element sealing heater is provided. Therein, a carbon wire heating element using carbon fibers is sealed in a quartz glass member, wherein absorption water quantity of the carbon wire heating element is 2×10?3 g/cm3 or less.

Abstract: An electric assembly using powdered media for generating heat.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to sterilization by infrared radiation to eliminate pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, E. Coli 0157:H7 and E. Coli (EXEC) from articles such as medical, dental and veterinary instruments, as well as from tableware and eating utensils. The invention further relates to sterilization of soil, military and agriculture equipment to eliminate pathogenic bacteria such as hepatitis, AIDS, and anthrax, and prions such as mad cow disease using infrared radiation. Sterilization is performed by exposing the article to infrared radiation generated from heating elements positioned in an enclosed chamber.

Abstract: An electric heater assembly suitable for heating molten metal, the electric heater assembly having a sleeve comprised of a closed end suitable for immersing in the molten metal. The sleeve is fabricated from a composite material comprised of titanium alloy and having an outside surface to be exposed to the molten metal coated with a refractory resistant to attack by the molten metal having a sealant metal applied thereto; and an electric heater located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith.

Abstract: An infrared ray lamp having a structure wherein a groove is formed in the vicinity of each of both end portions of a substantially plate heating element formed of a carbon-based substance, a carbon-based adhesive is applied to a region including the groove, and the end portion of the heating element is inserted into a slit formed at the end portion of a heat-emitting block having high conductivity so as to be sandwiched; by forming a reflection film on the glass tube of the infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp having a desired emission intensity distribution is provided; a heating apparatus using this infrared ray lamp and method of producing the infrared ray lamp are also provided.

Abstract: A MoSi2 arc-shaped heater formed in a continuous waveform, characterized in that U-shaped heater members having parallel parts are connected alternately to each other at the end parts, and the parallel faces of the U-shaped heater members have an angle relative to each other and an arc-shaped face with a specified curvature in a connecting direction, wherein a large number of parallel U-shaped heater members having heating parts are connected to each other and welded so that the heater can have a generally arc-shaped curved surface to install the heater onto the inner wall of a heating furnace, whereby the arc heater having an excellent joining strength and capable of being manufactured stably, and a method and a device for manufactured the heater can be provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods are provided for heating and sensing the temperature of a chemical reaction chamber without direct physical contact between a heating device and the reaction chamber, or between a temperature sensor and the reaction chamber. A plurality of chemical reaction chambers can simultaneously or sequentially be heated independently and monitored separately.

Abstract: An emitting source capable of radiating substantial energy in the near infrared spectrum and suitable for use in non-dispersive infrared gas analyzers or other devices is described. Operation can be steady state (DC) or pulsed at high frequency with excellent modulation characteristics. The device consists of a tungsten filament mounted across the pins of a small transistor outline header and centered at the focal point of a parabolic or other shaped reflector. The header assembly is enclosed by a resistance-welded cap and window assembly having a specially sealed sapphire or other suitable IR transmissive window. Fundamental to the operation of the inventive IR emitter is the incorporation of a getter within the header package configured to prevent oxidation degradation of the tungsten filament. An inert gas backfill limits filament evaporation and further extends apparatus lifetime.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infrared radiation source having at least one electrical heat conductor situated in a long, two-ended casing tube made of quartz glass, the casing tube having at least one elevation made of quartz glass on its wall which faces the at least one heat conductor, which locally reduces the inner diameter of the casing tube. At least one heat conductor is designed as a heating coil. The casing tube has a constant outer diameter in the region of the heating coil, the elevation has a convex shape on its surface facing the heating coil, and the heating coil contacts the elevation only at the highest point of the elevation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided through which a radio-frequency dielectric heater has a cylindrical form factor, a variable thermal energy deposition through variations in geometry and composition of a dielectric, and/or has a thermally isolated power input.

Abstract: The present invention provides a soldering iron with a graphite tip having two separate halves that are electrically isolated from one another. When both halves of the tip are applied to an electrically conductive material, such as the material to be soldered, an electrical circuit between the tip halves and an electrical power source is completed. Therefore, the tip can reach operating temperatures quickly. When the tip is removed from the joint, the electrical circuit is broken and the tip material may quickly cool to a temperature safe for human contact. The tip material permits higher power outputs than other battery operated portable soldering irons and permits over 300 joints for each full charge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision of materials intended for use in an oxidative medium at high temperatures, including the manufacture of high-temperature electric heaters, parts, sensors and tools operating at temperatures of up to 1900° C. and higher. On the basis of suicides—solid solutions (Mo,W)5Si3 and (Mo,W)Si2 as well as Novotn{grave over (y)} phase (Mo,W) 5Si3C containing molybdenum and tungsten, a heat-resistant material is proposed, which makes it possible to produce parts fully made therefrom and a broad range of other heat-resistant materials for the provision of protective coatings and soldered joints: “REFSIC” composite materials, carbon, silicon carbide materials, refractory metals and their alloys.

Abstract: A method of fracturing or breaking rock includes the step of directing high intensity white light (radiation) at the rock to induce thermal stress sufficient to fracture the rock. The intensity of the energy source may be varied to control the manner in which the rock fractures. An approach for generating high intensity white light includes an elongate arc chamber and an elongate concave reflector. The arc chamber and reflector may be shielded from airborne particulate matter by an air shield or a rotating or reciprocating translucent shield.