Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating apparatus, which heats a substance in a chamber. The present invention further relates to a food production line and a method to heat a substance with radio-frequency waves.

Abstract: A flameless heater system is described. The flameless heater system includes an energy source configured to generate energy and a heating system operatively coupled to the energy source, the heating system being configured to convert the energy to heat. The flameless heater system further includes a humidifying system operatively coupled to the energy source, the humidifying system being configured to convert the energy into moisture and a control system operatively coupled to the energy source, the heating system and the humidifying system, the control system being configured to monitor and control the energy source, the heating system and the humidifying system.

Abstract: Microwave systems and new applications of microwave in medical, chemical and materials manufacturing and processing, food and health industries as well as in analytical chemistry instrumentation for in situ study of microwave effects are provided. In the case of medical applications, the microwave based damage is conducted in a way to diminish ablating or damaging the collateral tissue and to increase the probability of procedure achievement.

Abstract: The present invention is generally a radio frequency apparatus for warming fluids such as IV fluids. In exemplary embodiments, a uniform warming of fluids is achieved by exposing a fluid-carrying tube to Radio Frequency (RF) energy. The RF energy may be supplied by an RF generator, which is coupled to a waveguide. The waveguide typically includes an inlet into which a fluid tube may be introduced. Inside the waveguide, a pathway may be formed wherein the fluid tube may rest in a predetermined position. In exemplary embodiments, the pathway guides the positioning of the tube along a transmission-line length of the waveguide, in a manner such that the tube gradually approaches an electromagnetic field inside the waveguide and exits at a second terminal end of the waveguide. Having absorbed energy supplied from the RF generator, the fluid inside the tube exits the apparatus warmed to a desired temperature.

Abstract: Dry thawing systems and devices for thawing biological substances are provided herein. Methods for thawing biological substances are also provided.

Abstract: A method of heating and/or thawing using an RF heater is described. In some cases the heating differentially heats portions according to their dissipation ratios. Optionally, this avoids dissipating large amounts of energy into thawed portions while frozen portions are still extant and heat slowly. Optionally, this prevents overheating of thawed portions.

Abstract: Body tissue ablation is carried out by inserting a probe into a body of a living subject, urging the probe into contact with a tissue in the body, generating energy at a power output level, and transmitting the generated energy into the tissue via the probe. While transmitting the generated energy the ablation is further carried out by determining a measured temperature of the tissue and a measured power level of the transmitted energy, and controlling the power output level responsively to a function of the measured temperature and the measured power level. Related apparatus for carrying out the ablation is also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to non-aqueous, non-oil liquid compositions comprising live microbial organisms and a liquid carrier. The present invention is further directed methods of controlling pests comprising applying an effective amount of a non-aqueous, non-oil liquid composition comprising live microbial organisms and a liquid carrier to an area in need of pest control.

Abstract: The present invention is generally a radio frequency apparatus for warming fluids such as IV fluids. In exemplary embodiments, a uniform warming of fluids is achieved by exposing a fluid-carrying tube to Radio Frequency (RF) energy. The RF energy may be supplied by an RF generator, which is coupled to a waveguide. The waveguide typically includes an inlet into which a fluid tube may be introduced. Inside the waveguide, a pathway may be formed wherein the fluid tube may rest in a predetermined position. In exemplary embodiments, the pathway guides the positioning of the tube along a transmission-line length of the waveguide, in a manner such that the tube gradually approaches an electromagnetic field inside the waveguide and exits at a second terminal end of the waveguide. Having absorbed energy supplied from the RF generator, the fluid inside the tube exits the apparatus warmed to a desired temperature.

Abstract: A power supply system and method for a vehicle movable within a structure is provided. The power supply system includes at least one energy source arranged at a fixed location within the structure to transmit energy within the structure, and a receiver, arranged on the vehicle to receive the energy transmitted from the energy source, being configured to convert the energy to electrical power and/or thrust.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating plasma includes a plasma discharge tube and a conductive coil helically wound around an outer surface of the plasma discharge tube. A waveguide is coupled to a microwave cavity surrounding the plasma discharge tube to guide the microwave energy into the plasma discharge tube such that the plasma is generated in the plasma discharge tube. The waveguide is positioned such that an electric field of the microwave energy is oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the plasma discharge tube. A resulting induced electric current in the conductive coil affects power absorption in the plasma discharge tube, the predetermined angle being selectable such that power absorption in the plasma discharge tube is according to a predetermined profile with respect to the longitudinal axis of the plasma discharge tube.

Abstract: In a magnetron and a plasma waveguide through which a microwave oscillated from the magnetron moves, there is provided a plasma waveguide including a plurality of step parts formed at any one side on an inner side surface of the waveguide, and a block part of a predetermined height formed at any other side on the inner side surface of the waveguide, wherein the block part is formed at a side opposite to a boundary part between the plurality of step parts.

Abstract: An engine assembly (6) of the type running on liquid air or another gas that is substantially inert in liquefied state, for a vehicle in general and for an urban motor vehicle in particular, such as a bus (1) or a taxi, comprises a Stirling engine (9), in which the gasification of the liquid air takes place, with transformation into kinetic mechanical energy of the latent heat relative to the change in state of the air from liquid state to compressed gas state, as well as a volumetric or flow motor (11), in which the air in compressed state expands up to a pressure substantially equal to atmospheric pressure, with transformation of the mechanical pressure energy into kinetic mechanical energy.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating a sample includes a microchip; a microchannel flow channel in the microchip, the microchannel flow channel containing the sample; a microwave source that directs microwaves onto the sample for heating the sample; a wall section of the microchannel flow channel that receives the microwaves and enables the microwaves to pass through wall section of the microchannel flow channel, the wall section the microchannel flow channel being made of a material that is not appreciably heated by the microwaves; a carrier fluid within the microchannel flow channel for moving the sample in the microchannel flow channel, the carrier fluid being made of a material that is not appreciably heated by the microwaves; wherein the microwaves pass through wall section of the microchannel flow channel and heat the sample.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating a sample includes a microchip; a microchannel flow channel in the microchip, the microchannel flow channel containing the sample; a microwave source that directs microwaves onto the sample for heating the sample; a wall section of the microchannel flow channel that receives the microwaves and enables the microwaves to pass through wall section of the microchannel flow channel, the wall section the microchannel flow channel being made of a material that is not appreciably heated by the microwaves; a carrier fluid within the microchannel flow channel for moving the sample in the microchannel flow channel, the carrier fluid being made of a material that is not appreciably heated by the microwaves; wherein the microwaves pass through wall section of the microchannel flow channel and heat the sample.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a microwave heating device. A material conduit runs into and out of a microwave irradiation cavity through a cavity wall of the microwave irradiation cavity. A waveguide tube for guiding microwave is installed on the cavity wall. A heat exchange tube is disposed inside the material conduit and enters and leaves the material conduit from the nozzle or wall of the material conduit. The microwave heating device is used in chemical reactions. The microwave heating device may control the temperature of the material inside the material conduit under continuous irradiation of microwave.

Abstract: A microwave heater and method of heating are provided. The microwave heater includes a non-resonant enclosure and a continuous helical antenna within the non-resonant enclosure. The continuous helical antenna is configured to receive therein a load to be heated by microwaves radiated from the continuous helical antenna.

Abstract: An enhanced flash chamber with a flash chamber; a microwave source in communication with the flash chamber for providing a quantity of energy to a plurality of antennas within the flash chamber; a fluid chamber positionable within the flash chamber capable of holding a liquid and the plurality of antennas; and transport tubing for transporting a target material for extraction through the fluid chamber where the quantity of energy from the microwave source interacts with the plurality of antennas to heat the liquid held in the fluid chamber to a superheated state and the superheated state of the liquid transfers a portion of the quantity of energy to the target material to extract an extraction product from the target material.

Abstract: A heating system for hot water and conditioned air uses electromagnetic energy created by one or more magnetrons operated by high voltage transformers. The heating system includes oil cooled transformers and magnetrons. Using radiators in the form of heat exchangers, heat recovered from the transformers and magnetrons is dissipated directly into the path of the return air and the air handler blower. The magnetron heating system includes a coiled conduit sized to allow complete heating of the fluid flowing therethrough. The conduit has a conical shape to allow upper magnetrons to heat the outside of the conduit and lower magnetrons to heat the inside of the conduit.

Abstract: A heating unit can reduce the rate of power consumption for heating a vehicle, so that the running distance of the vehicle is increased and hence the battery charging cycle of the vehicle is prolonged. A heating unit of a vehicle heating system includes a casing made of a metal material capable of electromagnetically shielding microwaves, a support arranged in the hollow section of the casing, a plurality of microwave absorbing/heat emitting members arranged at the support and a microwave outputting unit arranged in the casing to output microwaves toward respective microwave absorbing/heat emitting members, blown air being heated by heat generated as a result of absorption of microwaves by the microwave absorbing/heat emitting members at the time for blown air to flow from the upstream side to the downstream side in the hollow sections of the microwave absorbing/heat emitting members.

Abstract: Method for treating sewage, comprising at least one step of electrolytically treating sewage, an energy transfer step comprising at least one selected in the group comprising: a temperature raising treatment, an ultrasound treatment. The electrolytic treatment and energy transfer steps determining the dissociation from the sewage of gas comprising nitrogen. Further, the method comprises a step of separating gases comprising nitrogen from the mass of sewage.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for thermally treating flowable materials using electromagnetic radiation, and foods and materials obtained thereby. Also provided are methods of continuous flow thermal treatment of biomaterials, apparatuses for performing the same, and products prepared using the methods and/or apparatuses.

Abstract: The Microwave System and method of reactivation is designed to provide an indirect, safe and energy efficient source of heat and temperature rise required in the reactivation section of the desiccant unit for the release into atmosphere of the water vapors which are accumulated in the desiccant rotor. This microwave reactivation system and method is based on heat transfer produced from a heated fluid which is pumped through a closed loop coil assembly. This closed loop coil assembly is located and runs through both the isolated heating chamber of the microwave section and the reactivation/regeneration section in the dehumidification system. The airstream passing through the reactivation intake section comes in contact with the coil assembly and is heated to the desired temperature prior to reaching the desiccant rotor.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to semiconductor wafer fabrication and more particularly but not exclusively to advanced process control methodologies for controlling oxide formation using pressure. The present invention, in one or more implementations, includes a pressure stabilization system to dynamically adjust scavenger pressure in a furnace during wafer fabrication in relation to a pressure formation range, value, or one or more pressure indicators in a wafer fabrication process.

Abstract: Systems and method for thermal preservation (sterilization) of heterogenous and multiphase foods and biomaterials in order to achieve their shelf stability at ambient level temperatures. Flowing heterogenous, multiphase foods and biomaterials are exposed to single or multiple stages of electromagnetic energy under continuous flow conditions within conduits passing through the electromagnetic energy exposure chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing food products is provided. The product conditioning system includes an inlet assembly, a pressurizeable tunnel and an outlet assembly. The inlet assembly and outlet assembly include a pair of vertically extending pressure vessels having entry and exit openings which are both sealable by doors to provide liquid and gaseous tight seals. The inlet and outlet assembly pressure vessels further include a pair of vertically extending parallel screws for transporting food products from one end of the pressure vessel to the other. The pressurizeable tunnel includes a heating stage having microwave sources for irradiating food products so as to pasteurize or sterilize prepackaged food. The pressurizeable tunnel further includes a heat maintenance stage and product cooling stage. Both the heat maintenance stage and product cooling stage include vertically extending pressure vessels.

Abstract: Systems and methods for thermal preservation (sterilization) of heterogeneous and multiphase foods and biomaterials in order to achieve their shelf stability at ambient level temperatures. Flowing heterogeneous, multiphase foods and biomaterials are exposed to single or multiple stages of electromagnetic energy under continuous flow conditions within conduits passing through the electromagnetic energy exposure chambers.

Abstract: A heating system for hot water and conditioned air uses electromagnetic energy created by one or more magnetrons operated by high voltage transformers. The heating system includes oil cooled transformers and magnetrons. Using radiators in the form of heat exchangers, heat recovered from the transformers and magnetrons is dissipated directly into the path of the return air and the air handler blower. The magnetron heating system includes a coiled conduit sized to allow complete heating of the fluid flowing therethrough. The conduit has a conical shape to allow upper magnetrons to heat the outside of the conduit and lower magnetrons to heat the inside of the conduit.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of generating electrical power utilizing hot surface air as the heat source, high atmosphere as the heat sink and a microwave beam aimed upward providing updraft to initiate and control the large-scale air circulation. The frequency of the microwave beam is centered at approximately 60 GHz, within the absorption band of molecular oxygen, so as to result in beam penetration to an altitude of several kilometers. The power plant comprises a high-power microwave source, e.g. a bank of gyrotrons, one or more turbine-generator sets, and—optionally—a condenser/cyclone (if on a floating platform). The plant can also provide clean water from condensation out of humid, sea level air. The plant could also be used to remove atmospheric carbon dioxide from large quantities of air.

Abstract: A method for improving the manufacture and reliability of new, remanufactured, repaired or reconditioned Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and providing such units with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the step of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying RF energy to an object, including at least one slower-scanning, frequency source and at least one faster-scanning frequency source, and a controller which sweeps a range of frequencies using the faster-scanning source to measure RF absorption and controls the slower-scanning frequency source based on the sweep.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to coupling microwave energy into a tuned multi-section WR-975 waveguide assembly, connected to a waveguide containing a ceramic cylindrical applicator, terminated in a dummy load, for pre-heating fuels to improve vaporization, combustion efficiency, and soot reduction in combustion chamber(s). Designed primarily for processing liquid byproducts produced during biodiesel fuel manufacturing, this invention establishes a charge density in a cross-coupled applicator, according to the applicator's volume, dielectric characteristics of the materials being processed, applied frequency, and voltage. This invention may also be used for preheating or polarization of solids within a pipe-conveyed slurry, such as biosolids, bituminous coal, crude oil sludge, paper pulp or shale oil rock.

Abstract: Systems and methods for thermal preservation (sterilization) of heterogeneous and multiphase foods and biomaterials in order to achieve their shelf stability at ambient level temperatures. Flowing heterogeneous, multiphase foods and biomaterials are exposed to single or multiple stages of electromagnetic energy under continuous flow conditions within conduits passing through the electromagnetic energy exposure chambers.

Abstract: A heating unit can reduce the rate of power consumption rate for heating a vehicle, so that the running distance of the vehicle is increased and hence the battery charging cycle of the vehicle is prolonged.

Abstract: The resonance chamber (1) has the form of an elongated closed shape. Microwave generators are fastened to the walls (1.1,1.2) of the chamber (1), their antennae (3,4) directed to the inside of the chamber (1). The microwave generators with antennae (3) are fastened to the chamber wall (1.1), while the microwave generators with antennae (4) are fastened to the wall (1.2) of the resonance chamber. The microwave generators on the wall (1.1) of the chamber are fastened so that in an orthogonal projection into the opposite wall of the chamber the antennae of two neighboring magnetrons are situated on the opposite sides of the product flow conduit (2). The antennae (3) of the successive magnetrons of the first series are situated alternately on the left and on the right side of the product flow conduit (2). Similarly distributed are the antennae (4) of the successive magnetrons of the second row.

Abstract: In a heating device having a microwave generator for generating microwaves, a waveguide for propagating the microwaves, a matching element for adjusting the impedance inside the waveguide and a flow pipe for passing a substance to be heated, an outer pipe of low dielectric constant is arranged to circulate a heat transfer medium for heat exchange around the flow pipe adapted to pass the heated substance and a circulation constant temperature bath is provided for adjusting the temperature of the heat transfer medium for heat exchange and for circulating it, so that microwaves are irradiated while adjusting the temperature of the heat transfer medium for heat exchange to a desired value by means of the circulation constant bath and circulating the heat transfer medium around the flow pipe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described comprising of a plurality of electromagnetic resonant structures coupled to a common process or reaction volume, such that resonance of each structure is maintained while the process or reaction volume is a part of each resonant structure. At the same time, each resonant structure is matched to its respective electromagnetic generator. Such a system allows each generator and its delivery system to run at rated power, with summation of all the powers occurring in the common process or reaction volume. In various embodiments of this invention, the various electromagnetic generators can run at the same or different frequencies. The various resonant structures can be single mode or multimode, or a mixture of single mode and multi mode. The various resonant structures can be arranged spatially in order to couple several structures to the process or reaction volume.

Abstract: In the present invention, dialysis tubing is placed in a chamber, where an ultrasonic or a other mist producer is present. The ultrasonic mist producer will produce mist and small water droplets will be attached to the surface of dialysis membrane (sheet or tubing) and will condense and the water drops will fall back in the solution tank, where the ultrasonic probe produces the mist. When the droplet is attached to the membrane surface, the dialysis will take place.

Abstract: A method for reconditioning Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and returning them to operation with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the step of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dehumidification equipment and more specifically to a microwave reactivation system and new method of reactivation/regeneration of the desiccant dehumidification system and desiccant rotor for use in conventional desiccants as well as the explosion-proof dehumidification system used in hazardous locations and or applications. The dehumidification system incorporates a desiccant rotor assembly which is located in the cabinet and the rotor rotatively mounted inside this cabinet. The desiccant rotor core is impregnated with a desiccant type material. Mechanical means are provided for rotating the desiccant rotor within the cabinet. The Microwave System and method of reactivation is designed to provide an indirect, safe and energy efficient source of heat and temperature rise required in the reactivation section of the desiccant unit for the release into atmosphere of the water vapors which are accumulated in the desiccant rotor.

Abstract: A method for reconditioning Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and returning them to operation with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the step of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to coupling microwave energy into a tuned multi-section WR-975 waveguide assembly, connected to a waveguide containing a ceramic cylindrical applicator, terminated in a dummy load, for pre-heating fuels to improve vaporization, combustion efficiency, and soot reduction in combustion chamber(s). Designed primarily for processing liquid byproducts produced during biodiesel fuel manufacturing, this invention establishes a charge density in a cross-coupled applicator, according to the applicator's volume, dielectric characteristics of the materials being processed, applied frequency, and voltage. This invention may also be used for preheating or polarization of solids within a pipe-conveyed slurry, such as biosolids, bituminous coal, crude oil sludge, paper pulp or shale oil rock.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming fibers or flakes of material comprises means (1) for producing a heated stream of molten material (9), means for feeding the stream in a substantially vertically downward direction and means (7) for receiving the downwardly directed stream and for forming fibers or flakes therefrom. The apparatus includes means (11, 13, 15, 17) for effecting a change in the temperature of the stream subsequent to the production thereof whereby fibers or flakes of a desired thickness are obtained. Instead of, or in addition to, the temperature changing means, there may be provided means for controlling the mass or volume flow of the stream. The invention also provides methods corresponding to the apparatus.

Abstract: The Rankine engine with efficient heat exchange system provides a rapidly rechargeable thermal energy storage bank operably connected to a heat engine capable of propelling a vehicle. Microwave energy is supplied to the system via a network of waveguides. Thermal storage bank has a slurry in a heat exchanger capable of sustaining operation of the engine without requiring the microwave source. The slurry provides a mixture of powdered stainless steel and silicone oils functioning as the working fluid in the hot side of the heat exchanger. The slurry may be heated by plugging the system into standard AC power for a predetermined microwave heat charging duration. A closed, triple-expansion, reciprocating Rankine cycle engine capable of operating under computer control via a high pressure micro-atomized steam working medium is provided to propel the vehicle. A variety of working fluids are capable of powering the Rankine cycle engine.

Abstract: An enhanced flash chamber with a flash chamber; a microwave source in communication with the flash chamber for providing a quantity of energy to a plurality of antennas within the flash chamber; a fluid chamber positionable within the flash chamber capable of holding a liquid and the plurality of antennas; and transport tubing for transporting a target material for extraction through the fluid chamber where the quantity of energy from the microwave source interacts with the plurality of antennas to heat the liquid held in the fluid chamber to a superheated state and the superheated state of the liquid transfers a portion of the quantity of energy to the target material to extract an extraction product from the target material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biological composition which is storable above cryogenic temperature which is comprised of a vitrification solution in a glassy state. The vitrification solution is comprised of a biological material and a vitrification agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dehumidification equipment and more specifically to a microwave reactivation system and new method of reactivation/regeneration of the desiccant dehumidification system and desiccant rotor for use in conventional desiccants as well as the explosion-proof dehumidification system used in hazardous locations and or applications. The dehumidification system incorporates a desiccant rotor assembly which is located in the cabinet and the rotor rotatively mounted inside this cabinet. The desiccant rotor core is impregnated with a desiccant type material. Mechanical means are provided for rotating the desiccant rotor within the cabinet. The Microwave System and method of reactivation is designed to provide an indirect, safe and energy efficient source of heat and temperature rise required in the reactivation section of the desiccant unit for the release into atmosphere of the water vapors which are accumulated in the desiccant rotor.

Abstract: In a heating device having a microwave generator for generating microwaves, a waveguide for propagating the microwaves, a matching element for adjusting the impedance inside the waveguide and a flow pipe for passing a substance to be heated, an outer pipe of low dielectric constant is arranged to circulate a heat transfer medium for heat exchange around the flow pipe adapted to pass the heated substance and a circulation constant temperature bath is provided for adjusting the temperature of the heat transfer medium for heat exchange and for circulating it, so that microwaves are irradiated while adjusting the temperature of the heat transfer medium for heat exchange to a desired value by means of the circulation constant bath and circulating the heat transfer medium around the flow pipe.

Abstract: A micro-electro-mechanical system for heating a sample including a substrate, a micro-channel flow channel in the substrate, a carrier fluid within the micro-channel flow channel for moving the sample in the micro-channel flow channel, and a microwave source that directs microwaves onto the sample in the micro-channel flow channel for heating the sample. The carrier fluid and the substrate are made of materials that are not appreciably heated by the microwaves. The microwave source includes conductive traces or strips and a microwave power source connected to the conductive traces or strips.

Abstract: The invention is a method and associated instrument for microwave assisted chemistry. The invention includes the steps of directing a continuous flow of fluid through a microwave cavity while applying microwave radiation to the cavity and to the continuous flow of materials therein, monitoring the pressure of the fluid in the cavity; and cooling the fluid in the cavity when the pressure exceeds a predetermined setpoint pressure.