Abstract: A system includes a radio frequency (RF) signal source configured to supply an RF signal. An electrode is coupled to the RF signal source and a transmission path is between the RF signal source and the electrode. The transmission path is configured to convey the RF signal from the RF signal source to the electrode to cause the electrode to radiate RF electromagnetic energy into a cavity. Power detection circuitry is coupled to the transmission path and configured to repeatedly measure RF power values including at least one of forward RF power values and reflected RF power values along the transmission path. A controller is configured to determine that a load in the cavity is a low-loss load based on a rate of change of the RF power values, and cause the RF signal source to supply the RF signal with the one or more desired signal parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to method for preparing a foodstuff in a food processing system (100), the system comprising solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) that transmits an electromagnetic wave to a food substrate and a cavity where the food is cooked, the method monitoring the return power losses, which are the difference between the power emitted by the solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) and the reflected power in the cavity, for optimising the delivery of the radio frequency power to the food substrate by controlling and adjusting at least two parameters: the emitted frequency of the solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) and the distance of the cooking means (51) to the food substrate. In the method of the invention, the dielectric properties, the water content and/or the compaction of the food substrate are monitored throughout the preparation method.

Abstract: A system and method for defrosting a load are presented. Radio frequency (RF) signals are supplied to a transmission path that is electrically coupled to one or more electrodes that are positioned proximate to a cavity to cause the one or more electrodes to radiate RF electromagnetic energy. An RF power value of the RF signal along the transmission path is periodically measured resulting in RF power values and a rate of change of the RF power values is determined. A low-loss indicator value is determined using the RF power values, wherein the low-loss indicator value is at least partially determined by a dielectric loss of a load in the cavity. A controller determines, using the rate of change of the RF power values and the low-loss indicator value, that the load is in a defrosted state and stops supplying the RF signals.

Abstract: A flexible molding process and system for a magnetic pole protective layer. The molding process is as follows: assembling magnet steels at respective positions on a side wall surface of a magnetic yoke, laying a reinforcing material and a vacuum bag in the listed sequence on the magnet steel and the side wall surface of the magnetic yoke, wherein the vacuum bag, the magnet steels and the side wall surface of the magnetic yoke form a sealed system; performing an impregnation process, including vacuumizing the sealed system to allow the impregnation liquid to be injected into the sealed system, to achieve infiltration and impregnation; heating the sealed system and/or emitting ultrasonic waves to the sealed system while performing the impregnation process; and performing a curing process after the impregnation process, wherein the impregnation liquid and the reinforcing material are cured to form a protective layer.

Abstract: The present invention includes a directional coupler that detects at least part of a reflected wave inside a waveguide. When an object to be heated is absent, a reflected wave is strong, because there is nothing to absorb a microwave. When the object is present, the reflected wave is weak, because the microwave is absorbed by the object. As a quantity of the object becomes greater, a larger amount of microwave is absorbed by the object, and thus the reflected wave is weakened. It is thus possible to determine the quantity of the object from a reflected wave detection amount detected by the directional coupler without using a detector that detects a load.

Abstract: Detection accuracy of a power of a progressive wave and detection accuracy of a power of a reflection wave can be improved. In a plasma processing apparatus, a first directional coupler is provided in a first waveguide which is configured to connect a microwave generating unit and a first port of a circulator. A first detector is connected to the first directional coupler. A second port of the circulator is connected to a plasma generating unit via a second waveguide. Further, a second directional coupler is provided in a third waveguide which is configured to connect a third port of the circulator and a dummy load. A second detector is connected to the second directional coupler.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a field of microwave energy for the processing of a material is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, a first microwave transmitting device radiatingly coupled to the elongate chamber at a first position, and a second microwave transmitting device radiatingly coupled to the elongate chamber at a second position. The first microwave transmitting device is oriented so that a first portion of the microwave energy is directed toward the longitudinal axis. The second microwave transmitting device is disposed so that a second portion of the microwave energy is directed toward the longitudinal axis. The second microwave transmitting device is coupled to the elongate chamber at a position relative to the longitudinal axis that ranges from about 30 degrees to about 150 degrees relative to the position of the first microwave transmitting device relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: To provide a pressure-resistant explosion-proof container in which a wireless circuit housed inside the pressure-resistant explosion-proof container can transmit and receive a high frequency signal, without installing an antenna outside. A pressure-resistant explosion-proof container includes a container made of metal, a slit functioning as an explosion-proof clearance that is formed by penetrating a wall surface of the container, and a cavity resonator that is provided in the container and in which an antenna is built that transmits and receives a high frequency signal by using the slit as a waveguide.

Abstract: There is described a method for heating a sample material in a sample holder, the method comprising receiving the sample holder in a heating chamber of a heating system, the sample holder having at least one sample recipient with the sample material therein; dynamically forming an individual mini microwave cavity around the sample recipient; and applying microwaves generated by at least one microwave generator directly to the sample.

Abstract: A heating chamber is divided into a plurality of spaces by barrier sections including a conductive material. Phase shifters having different lengths with respect to a direction and including a dielectric body having permittivity higher than air are inserted in positions of a terminal section, in the spaces except for at least one space, to differentiate positions of bottoms of standing microwaves formed in the respective spaces from each other with respect to the direction. In addition, impedance adjusters having different lengths with respect to the direction and including a dielectric body having permittivity higher than air are inserted in positions on an upstream side of a region passed by the object to be heated, in the spaces except for at least one space, to reduce differences in impedance of the spaces from an entrance of the heating chamber to the terminal section including the phase shifters.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling drying of ceramic greenwares accounting for the load presented to a radio-frequency (RF) source of an RF applicator to reduce the risk of overheating greenware during drying. The method includes partially drying the greenware and then substantially drying the greenware with RF radiation. The RF radiation provided to an electrode region is controlled based on the number of greenware pieces within the electrode region at a given time. The system includes a control unit electrically connected to the electrode and configured to provide a select RF voltage to the electrode based on the number of greenwares within the electrode region. The system adjusts at least one input voltage from a power supply. The adjusted voltage is stepped-up, DC-rectified to form a plate voltage, and then converted by a high-frequency DC/AC convertor to the select high-frequency AC RF voltage needed to dry the greenwares without overheating.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are described herein. A vacuum multi-chamber deposition tool can include a degas chamber with both a heating mechanism and a variable frequency microwave source. A method for degassing a substrate can include positioning a substrate comprising a polymer or an epoxy within a processing chamber maintained between a degas temperature and a glass transition temperature, exposing the substrate to variable frequency microwave radiation, exposing the substrate to a plasma comprising an inert gas, removing oxygen containing compounds from the chamber, raising the pressure of inert gas in the chamber, and maintaining the pressure of inert gas while cooling the substrate to a temperature lower than the degas temperature.

Abstract: An electromagnetic heater for heating an irregularly shaped object, including: a cavity within which an object is to be placed; at least one feed which feeds UHF or microwave energy into the cavity; and a controller that controls one or more characteristics of the cavity or energy to assure that the UHF or microwave energy is deposited uniformly in the object within ±30% over at least 80% of the volume of the object.

Abstract: A heating system for hot water and conditioned air uses electromagnetic energy created by one or more magnetrons operated by high voltage transformers. The heating system includes oil cooled transformers and magnetrons. Using radiators in the form of heat exchangers, heat recovered from the transformers and magnetrons is dissipated directly into the path of the return air and the air handler blower. The magnetron heating system includes a coiled conduit sized to allow complete heating of the fluid flowing therethrough. The conduit has a conical shape to allow upper magnetrons to heat the outside of the conduit and lower magnetrons to heat the inside of the conduit.

Abstract: A semiconductor microwave oven and a microwave feeding structure thereof are provided. The microwave feeding structure of the semiconductor microwave oven includes: a chamber body having a door; a semiconductor power source configured to generate a microwave; and a microwave feeding assembly connected between the semiconductor power source and the chamber body, and configured to feed the microwave generated by the semiconductor power source into the chamber body and to convert a first microwave mode output by the semiconductor power source into a second microwave mode adaptive to microwave heating.

Abstract: A microwave heating device includes a microwave generating portion outputting a microwave, a conductive heating chamber into which the microwave is led and having a short-circuited terminal end in a traveling direction of the microwave, and a tuner provided between the microwave generating portion and the heating chamber. The heating chamber has an opening for passing a member to be heated therethrough. The tuner re-reflects the microwave reflected at the terminal end of the heating chamber onto the heating chamber side. The microwave output end of the microwave generating portion and the tuner are connected by a square tubular waveguide made of a conductive material. The tuner and the terminal end of the heating chamber are connected by a square tubular waveguide, which is made of a conductive material except for the opening for passing the member to be heated therethrough.

Abstract: A microwave heating device enhances heating efficiency by a simple configuration. A microwave is led from one end of a conductive heating chamber in direction d2. The heating chamber is provided with an opening. A pair of conveying members are provided. A member to be heated sandwiched between the conveying members is moved in direction d1, and passes through the opening in direction d1 non-parallel to microwave traveling direction d2.

Abstract: A voltage calibration routine for an oven, particularly a microwave oven, enables a field technician to enter a voltage calibration mode to display on the oven a pre-established default voltage to which the oven is calibrated. The technician then measures the actual line voltage applied to the oven and, if different than the default voltage displayed, inputs the actual line voltage into the microwave oven control, such as via a keypad. Thereafter, an offset value is calculated to correct the voltage measurement, allowing for a correct tap selection when the microwave oven is running. An additional function is available to check the oven voltage reading upon accessing a voltage reading mode wherein the oven measures and displays the line voltage which is compared to a volt meter reading such that a simple comparison can be made, while avoiding certain steps associated with the voltage calibration mode.

Abstract: A system for heating materials, such as wood products, is provided. The system may include waveguide having one or more slots along a longitudinal axis of the waveguide. The slots may be slanted at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis and spaced at an interval of about one half of a wavelength along the longitudinal axis. The system may further include windows covering the slots. The windows may serve as a barrier. Moreover, the windows may allow electromagnetic energy to be transferred from the waveguide to the material being heated. The waveguide and window may be contained in a microwave reactor to heat materials, such as wood products.

Abstract: A microwave applicator system exposing a material flowing through multiple applicator stages to a different radial heating pattern in each stage for uniform heating. A two-stage applicator system has a pair of back-to-back applicators, each having offset, outwardly jutting walls on opposite sides of a material flow path through a microwave exposure region. The offset, cylindrical juts formed in the wide walls of the generally rectangular waveguide cause hot spots to occur in material flowing through and between the narrow walls of the waveguide at opposite radial positions on a radial line oblique to the longitudinal direction of the waveguide. Uniform product heating can be achieved by directing a material sequentially through these two applicators in opposite directions. A cascaded applicator in which each wide wall has a pair of outward juts offset from each other and from the pair of juts on the other side wall may be used.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device for heating a sample by microwave radiation comprising a source of microwave radiation, a first waveguide for guiding said microwave radiation to an applicator space adapted to receive said sample to be heated, wherein said applicator space is defined by a terminal portion of said first waveguide and an initial portion of a second waveguide extending from said terminal portion of said first waveguide and being arranged at an angle with respect to said first waveguide.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to coupling microwave energy into a tuned multi-section WR-975 waveguide assembly, connected to a waveguide containing a ceramic cylindrical applicator, terminated in a dummy load, for pre-heating fuels to improve vaporization, combustion efficiency, and soot reduction in combustion chamber(s). Designed primarily for processing liquid byproducts produced during biodiesel fuel manufacturing, this invention establishes a charge density in a cross-coupled applicator, according to the applicator's volume, dielectric characteristics of the materials being processed, applied frequency, and voltage. This invention may also be used for preheating or polarization of solids within a pipe-conveyed slurry, such as biosolids, bituminous coal, crude oil sludge, paper pulp or shale oil rock.

Abstract: A microwave heating apparatus in which microwaves from a single microwave generator is branched to a plurality of reaction tubes, a heating target material is irradiated with the microwaves while being continuously supplied into respective reaction fields, the reaction fields is heated and controlled simultaneously, parallelly and independently while eliminating the influence of reflected waves generated in the other reaction fields, and a very high throughput is obtained. In the apparatus, branch waveguides for branching microwaves generated from a microwave generator into N branch waves, N being an natural number, are provided, isolators for absorbing reflected waves generated in the reaction fields are provided between the branch waveguides and applicators, power monitors for measuring magnitudes of incident and reflected waves are provided between the isolators and the applicators, and tuners for adjusting impedances in waveguides are provided between the power monitors and the applicators.

Abstract: A cooking device includes a cooking chamber; a first deodorization region along which air from the cooking chamber flows and in which a plasma discharge is generated for removing odor-producing materials generated in the cooking chamber from the air; and a bypass region along which air from the cooking chamber flows to bypass the first deodorization region.

Abstract: A speed cooking with improved gas flow by-pass mechanism for radiant cooking mode. A speed cooking oven with radiant mode is disclosed comprising a cooking cavity, a controller, thermal heating source, blower assembly, air directing means, a vent assembly and a single door gas by-pass system. Hot gas is circulated by the blower motor assembly into the oven cavity where the hot air is directed in a manner wherein a conflicting, colliding turbulent gas flow is directed at a food product providing for the rapid cooking of food products. Alternatively, a single movable door may be utilized that operates between an open position wherein gas flow exhausts from the top of the oven or in the closed position wherein gas is diverted through a conduit and back to the blower mechanism.

Abstract: A microwave applicator assembly includes a microwave applicator that excites TE modes and provides a generally circular heating pattern in a lossy dielectric material. The microwave applicator has a processing chamber bounded by a circumferential wall in which a plurality of indents are formed. The microwave applicator assembly may further include a feed waveguide coupled to the microwave applicator for inputting microwaves into the processing chamber. The microwave applicator assembly may further include one or more choking sections in communication with the processing chamber to enhance heating efficiency and reduce microwave leakage.

Abstract: A speed cooking oven (1) has a cooking cavity (2), and a microwave waveguide (20a) with slotted antenna (70) which efficiently emits electromagnetic energy (51a) to assist with the speed cooking of food product (10).

Abstract: Heating and drying devices including generally rectangular waveguide applicators forming exposure chambers for uniformly heating materials. Material to be heated enters and exits a microwave exposure region of the chamber through entrance and exit ports at opposite ends of the chamber. Various techniques are used to achieve uniform or preferred heating effects.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a microwave generator includes a variable voltage provided from a first transformer to a second transformer having a secondary winding split into a filament winding cathode low AC signal and a secondary winding providing a high voltage which is doubled and rectified in a half-wave voltage doubler for providing a pulsed DC signal through a ballast resistor to a magnetron anode responsive to an electromagnetic field. In still further accord with the present invention, a microwave sample cavity includes a waveguide, and a hole for receiving a sample to be microwave-heated, and an inductive tuning post all on a straight line, wherein the hole is adjacent the waveguide and the post is distant from the waveguide.

Abstract: A microwave arrangement for affixing the toner onto a printing material by heating, wherein a resonator chamber for feeding printing material therethrough includes at least one element, which extends into the resonator chamber and is used for tuning the resonance state in the resonator chamber. The element includes at least a first portion of a material with properties that essentially do not absorb the microwave radiation and a second portion of a material with mechanically stable properties and a slightly higher absorption of the microwave radiation than the first portion.

Abstract: In an even numbered polygonal microwave resonator wherein a high mode microwave mode is formed and in the resonator volume a homogeneous field distribution is established for the thermal processing of workpieces, a microwave in-coupling structure pair is provided along a joining edge of two wall segments alternately at opposite sides and the in-coupling structure pairs or in communication, via a rectangular microwave guide channel, with a microwave sources supplying microwaves to the in-coupling structure pairs so that the microwaves entering the resonator from each in-coupling structure are directed toward an opposite corner area of the resonator and are reflected from the opposite corner area back into the center area of the resonator in the form of separate beams.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating uniform heating of an microwave absorptive target. A microwave housing has a longitudinal axis and propagates a waveguide mode at an operating frequency. The target is located in an axial cross-sectional area relative to the longitudinal axis. First layer conductive strips are layered proximal to an inner wall of the microwave housing, substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and being separated from an adjacent first layer conductive strip by a respective first layer gap, the inner wall acting as a ground plane. Second layer conductive strips are layered proximal to the first layer of conductive strips, parallel to the longitudinal axis and being separated from an adjacent second layer conductive strip by a respective second layer gap. Each first layer gap is centered under a respective second layer conductive strip and each second layer gap is centered over a conductive layer.

Abstract: Heating a printing substance and/or toner, in an electrophotographic printer, with a standing microwave formed by at least one cavity resonator, with the printed matter being caused to move through the resonator gap. The power distribution of the microwave applied by the resonator is shaped and configured for specific application requirements.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for heating a sample, such as chemical reaction mixtures are disclosed. The apparatus may include at least a microwave generator, a waveguide for guiding the generated microwaves to an applicator, and a deflector formed by a closed loop defining a plane. The deflector may have an inherent resonance frequency and a thickness in a direction normal to the plane. The deflector may be rotatable around an axis being at least substantially parallel to the plane, and positioned in the waveguide so as to form a resonant cavity with the sample and the waveguide applicator. The resonance conditions of the resonant cavity and the coupling factor of radiation from the waveguide to the cavity may be easily adjustable by rotating the deflector. The resonance conditions and the coupling factor may be adjusted in response to the dielectric properties of the sample in order to optimize the amount of absorbed power and thereby obtain control of the sample heating process.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and article of manufacture for providing electromagnetic drying of printed media. A resonant cavity allows support of standing waves along many radial axes throughout the resonant cavity. The electromagnetic drying unit allows forced air to be introduced into the resonant cavity, thereby reducing moisture within the resonant cavity and extending the life of the resonant cavity. Input and output openings may be arranged longitudinally along the resonant cavity and may be designed to substantially reduce the amount of electromagnetic radiation emanating from them during operation. A honeycomb feature at the end of the resonant cavity may allow egress of the forced air, while substantially reducing the amount of electromagnetic radiation emanating from the end of the resonant cavity.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and article of manufacture for providing electromagnetic drying of printed media. A resonant cavity allows support of standing waves along many radial axes throughout the resonant cavity. The electromagnetic drying unit allows forced air to be introduced into the resonant cavity, thereby reducing moisture within the resonant cavity and extending the life of the resonant cavity. Input and output openings may be arranged longitudinally along the resonant cavity and may be designed to substantially reduce the amount of electromagnetic radiation emanating from them during operation. A honeycomb feature at the end of the resonant cavity may allow egress of the forced air, while substantially reducing the amount of electromagnetic radiation emanating from the end of the resonant cavity.

Abstract: A device for heating relatively wide planar materials is formed by at least two parallel waveguides. Each waveguide has an opening that forms a single opening for a planar material. The planar material is propelled in a direction parallel to the propagation of an electronic wave. If each waveguide is kept in TE mode, heating is uniform across the planar material. Power splitters, septums, tuning stubs, and impedance matching can be used to control the heating in each waveguide.

Abstract: An apparatus for the heating of pressed stock in the manufacture of boards of material or in the manufacture of veneer panels. The apparatus includes a microwave preheating device having rod antennae disposed in series, reflective shields, and a heating cell configured as a continuous oven in which the introduction of microwaves into the pressed stock takes place via the rod antennae. The rod antennae are attached to lie horizontally and transversely to the direction of production above, below, or above and below the pressed stock within the heating cell. The reflective surfaces are assigned to the rod antennae on the opposite sides of the pressed stock.

Abstract: An elliptical exposure chamber has an extended focal region. A plurality of cylindrical reactors (25) form the extended focal region. Reducing the size of the opening (58) to each reactor (25) reduces the amount of energy reflected and increases the overall heating. In order to efficiently deliver the electromagnetic energy to the reduced opening (58), a tapered waveguide (55) has a concave end (56). A power splitter (42) divides power from a central waveguide (52) to the plurality of reactors (25). The power that is delivered to each reactor (25) can be adjusted by adjusting the impedance of each reactor (25), the width of each reactor (25) or the width of the opening (58) to each reactor (25). The width of the opening (58) to each reactor (25) can be controlled by a movable metal plate (44). A dielectric wheel can be used to shift hot spots along the focal region.

Abstract: A microwave applicator for heating a moving fluid includes a heating chamber having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and through which the fluid to be heated flows. The applicator also includes a microwave energy source and a microwave circuit having at least one wave-guide element. The microwave circuit transforms microwave energy from the microwave source into a cylindrical wave-guide mode within the heating chamber for uniformly heating fluid flowing through the heating chamber. This technology is also applied as a method for applying microwave energy for heating a moving fluid. This method includes passing a fluid from a fluid inlet, through a heating chamber, and out a fluid outlet; and applying a microwave energy source through a microwave circuit including at least one wave-guide element to transform microwave energy from the microwave energy source into a cylindrical wave-guide mode within the heating chamber to uniformly heat the fluid flowing through the heating chamber.

Abstract: An instrument is disclosed for microwave-assisted chemical processes that avoids tuning discrepancies that otherwise result based upon the materials being heated. The instrument includes a source of microwave radiation, a waveguide in communication with the source, with at least a portion of the waveguide forming a cylindrical arc, a cylindrical cavity immediately surrounded by the cylindrical arc portions of the waveguide, and at least three slotted openings in the circumference of the circular waveguide that provide microwave communication between the waveguide and the cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method, for using circular mode magnetic microwave energy to heat the food product in a continuous microwave process. The microwaves are generated and transmitted as rectangular waveguide mode microwave energy, and are converted by mode converters to circular magnetic mode microwave energy. As circular magnetic mode microwave energy, the microwave energy passes through a food material and is reflected on the other side back into the food material, thus travelling through the food material a second time. Reflected microwave energy from the main reflected wave as well as reflections from other structures, surfaces and layers in the system travel back toward the microwave source. They are sensed, and a computer tuning system causes capacitive probes to generate offsetting microwave reflections, which are opposite in phase and equal in magnitude to the sum of all of the reflected waves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for adjusting the distribution of microwave energy density in an applicator which forms a resonator chamber and in which the radiation generated by microwave generators is guided to the applicator wall by waveguides; and to a use for this device. According to the invention, several electroconductive coupling pins (31) are used, each of these extending preferably vertically into both the waveguide chamber and the applicator resonator chamber, in order to feed in the microwaves with as little loss as possible and to enable the field distribution in the resonator chamber to be modified. The invention is especially suitable for producing a plasma.

Abstract: Microwave heating apparatus comprising a dielectric microwave applicator provided with a microwave coupling device adapted to feed microwave energy to the applicator. The applicator is provided with a load chamber 8 extending coaxially with regard to the centre axis of the applicator from an upper end to a predetermined distance from a lower end of the applicator, the load chamber is adapted to receive a load to be heated. The dielectric applicator comprises two sections, an upper section 4 provided with the load chamber and a lower section 6 for impedance matching between the coupling device and upper section. In a preferred embodiment the lower section has an increasing cross-sectional area from the coupling device to the intersection to the upper section.

Abstract: An instrument for microwave-assisted chemical processes is disclosed that provides greater flexibility in carrying out microwave-assisted chemistry under varying conditions. The instrument includes a source of microwave radiation, and a cavity in communication with the source, with the cavity including at least one wall formed of two engaged portions that form a barrier to the transmission of microwaves when so engaged. The engaged portions are disengagable from one another, and one of the portions includes a microwave-attenuating opening.

Abstract: A source provides an electromagnetic wave that has a range of frequencies. The source sweeps the frequency of the electromagnetic wave between a cutoff frequency and double the cutoff frequency. The location, angle, or effective angle of an opening is adjusted by an opening adjuster. A path for an electromagnetic wave has a short for creating a standing wave. The path has a movable surface that can push and pull the peaks and valleys of the standing wave so as to achieve more uniform heating of the material. A dielectric wheel pushes and pulls the peaks and valleys of a standing wave so as to achieve more uniform heating of a material. A dielectric structure has a surface that has a short side and a long side. A motor rotates the dielectric structure to push and pull the peaks and valleys of a standing wave so as to achieve more uniform heating of a material. A path has a first choke flange that has a width w1 and a second choke flange that has a width w2.

Abstract: An instrument for microwave-assisted chemical processes is disclosed that provides greater flexibility in carrying out microwave-assisted chemistry under varying conditions. The instrument includes a source of microwave radiation, and a cavity in communication with the source, with the cavity including at least one wall formed of two engaged portions that form a barrier to the transmission of microwaves when so engaged. The engaged portions are disengagable from one another, and one of the portions includes a microwave-attenuating opening.

Abstract: The invention is directed at apparatus for microwave heating of a ceramic, comprising an adjustable power microwave source for directing microwave power into a continuous throughput microwave cavity. The apparatus further includes a microwave power control system for variably controlling the power of that is delivered to the microwave cavity. The first component of this system comprises a reflected power detector for detecting the microwave power reflected from the ceramic material in the cavity. The reflected power detector measures the value of the reflected power from the cavity and compares that reflected power output value to a preset reflected output value to generate an output signal indicative of the difference in measured and set reflected values.

Abstract: A source provides an electromagnetic wave that has a range of frequencies. The source sweeps the frequency of the electromagnetic wave between a cutoff frequency and double the cutoff frequency. The location, angle, or effective angle of an opening is adjusted by an opening adjuster. A path for an electromagnetic wave has a short for creating a standing wave. The path has a movable surface that can push and pull the peaks and valleys of the standing wave so as to achieve more uniform heating of the material. A dielectric wheel pushes and pulls the peaks and valleys of a standing wave so as to achieve more uniform heating of a material. A dielectric structure has a surface that has a short side and a long side. A motor rotates the dielectric structure to push and pull the peaks and valleys of a standing wave so as to achieve more uniform heating of a material. A path has a first choke flange that has a width w1, and a second choke flange that has a width w2.

Abstract: An apparatus that enables a homogenous heating and an efficient measurement of organic as well as a mixture of organic and inorganic materials. The apparatus is characterized in that a load, placed in a cavity with very small dimensions in relation to the wavelength in vacuum at applied frequency, is heated by a generated pulsating near field.