Abstract: A microwave cooking grill comprises a grill element which is a continuous conductive loop shaped into a plurality of linear segments. Substantially the entire loop is capable of collecting microwave energy without the use of designated antenna portions. In one embodiment, the grill elements are provided within a microwave cooking grill and steamer which has a bottom tray and a top lid. A pair of grill assemblies are provided each of which includes a plurality of the grill elements attached to a rack. One of the grill assemblies is placed within the tray and the other grill assembly is attached to the lid. A comestible is placed between the grill assemblies whereby the continuous grill elements of each grill assembly contact the comestible and grill the comestible as the grill elements absorb microwave energy. Alternatively, the grill assemblies may be flipped whereby the grill elements face away from the comestible and the comestible is sandwiched between flat steaming surfaces of each rack.

Abstract: A continuous conveyor oven process for fully cooking bone-in poultry food items is provided. A single conveyor line is provided at a constant belt speed having a first microwave oven stage and a second convection oven stage, each stage includes an infeed end and a discharge end. The bone-in poultry food item is cooked within the first microwave stage to an outlet temperature and is discharged to a convection oven, wherein the bone-in poultry food item continues to be cooked to a convection out temperature at its discharge end. The bone-in poultry food item from the microwave infeed end to the convection oven discharge end is conducted at a constant belt speed for improved throughput and food item yield with improved consistent food item quality.

Abstract: A method for processing samples in a sealable container which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, includes a) the sample and a polar non-solid medium being introduced into the container, b) the container being placed in a vessel which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation and which is filled with a nonpolar coolant which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, and c) the vessel being irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, the temperature of the coolant being maintained lower than 5.degree. C. and a vessel being used which is provided with an insulating material which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for cooking or heating a food product with combined steam and microwave energy having a microwave oven with a carrousel for moving the food product into and out of the oven. The food product is placed in a steaming compartment with a volume of water. As the compartment moves through the oven, the microwave cooks or heats the food product and converts the water to steam for steam cooking or steam heating the same food product.

Abstract: A method for sanitizing minced meat consisting in quickly heating the minced meat by microwave heating and hot air under a pressure increasing from atmospheric pressure to an overpressure which prevents liquid evaporation, in subsequent heating of the minced meat by microwave heating up to a sterilization temperature and under constant overpressure for preventing liquid evaporation, and in finally cooling the minced meat under a pressure gradually decreasing to the atmospheric pressure, with the sterilization temperature being maintained below a threshold temperature at which the meat changes organoleptic characteristics with respect to its raw meet state.

Abstract: Conventional food treatment processes utilized for food preservation generally involve heat treatment and usually result in some degree of thermal damage. A process has been developed for the non-thermal treatment of liquid food products which results in a significant reduction in the microbial population, thus reducing spoilage and extending shelf life. The novel process involves the rapid application of electromagnetic energy (EME), such as microwave or radio frequency energy, and the simultaneous removal of any thermal energy which may be generated by the process through the use of circulating cooling medium and an efficient heat exchanger.

Abstract: A microwave oven baker assembly including a main cooking base assembly with a top cover member releasably mounted thereon and being operable to cook a food product utilizing a cooking medium therewith. The main cooking base assembly includes a pair of adjacent cooking container members of a generally cylindrical cup-like shape separated by an intermediate separator wall; outer side walls and outer end walls; a pair of laterally extended handle members, and a top cover sealing surface engageable with a top cover member. Each cooking container member has a bottom wall with upwardly, outwardly tapered inner walls. The top cover member is provided with a cover body section integral with a top handle section and having a sealing rim section and a sealing flange section.

Abstract: An apparatus intended to be used for cooking or heating various products in combination with an oven including a cavity (5) accessible through a door (7) and an energy generator (2). The apparatus includes an element (8) made of a fluid-retaining and energy-permeable porous material of which at least one of its portions is Interposed between the generator (2) and the cavity (5), and a fluid-impervious and energy-transparent spacer element (13) interposed between the porous element (8) and the generator (2) to protect the generator (2) from steam in the cavity 5. According to the invention, the apparatus includes a mechanism (9) which causes a relative displacement between the porous element (8) and the generator (2) to change the portion of the porous element placed opposite the generator (2).

Abstract: A container for food includes a paper-based substrate, and at least one grease and moisture resistant coating applied in liquid form to the paper-based substrate. The liquid coating is preferably formed from an aqueous-based dispersion of acrylic-based material. The liquid coating remains resistant to grease and moisture issuing from food at temperatures in the range of about -20.degree. F. to 425.degree. F.

Abstract: An assembly of elements is provided for cooking elongated foods in a microwave. The assembly having a lid, a base and a tray. Food is placed on the tray which is then placed on the base. The base contains a steam producing liquid at a level below the bottom of the tray. The lid placed on the base covering the tray and food. The assembly is then placed in a microwave. As the liquid is heated, steam passes through the tray, through apertures, over the food and out the lid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for cooking and/or heating a food product rapidly with the use of microwave and hot oil heating, which are applied simultaneously during the entire or partial period of the cooking and/or heating time. The food product may be frozen prior to processing, and may consist of an outer wrapper and an inner filling. It is desirable that after a relatively short cooking and/or heating process, the outer wrapper becomes crispy with a uniform golden-brown color while the inner filling reaches a desired temperature.

Abstract: A welding method for steel reinforcements, wherein electric current flows through the reinforcements, an electroslag pool formed from a solder melted by an electric arc generates a lot of heat to melt the reinforcements, pressure is applied to combine the same; the method uses a clamping device, wherein a sliding chuck is adjustably rotated by means of a bolt handle thereon to enhance a movable clamping seat to clamp the upper reinforcement, then a fixed chuck is adjustably rotated by means of another bolt handle to enhance another movable clamping seat to clamp the lower reinforcement, a crank provided at one side of a main body can be optionally rotated forwardly or backwardly to raise or lower the upper reinforcement, or the upper and the lower reinforcements can be compressed for combining.

Abstract: A container for food includes a paper-based substrate, and at least one grease and moisture resistant coating applied in liquid form to the paper-based substrate. The liquid coating is preferably formed from an aqueous-based dispersion of acrylic-based material. The liquid coating remains resistant to grease and moisture issuing from food at temperatures in the range of about -20.degree. F. to 425.degree. F.

Abstract: A microwave fryer includes a magnetron in the machine body; an oil vessel for storing oil to be heated by radiation of microwaves from the magnetron which is detachably disposed in a heating chamber of the machine body; and a detachable frying container, provided over the oil vessel in the heating chamber, having a screen portion which allows microwaves to pass therethrough when the container is immersed in the oil and which prohibits almost all microwaves from passing therethrough when the container is in the air. The frying container has a top opening which is sealed against microwaves. The apparatus further includes a lifting mechanism for moving one of the frying container and the oil vessel relative to the other, and a temperature detecting device for detecting the temperature of the cooking oil. In this arrangement, the oil held in the oil vessel detachably disposed in the heating chamber is heated by radiation of microwaves.

Abstract: A microwave cooking apparatus having a steam generating chamber constructed to receive microwaves and a cooking chamber constructed to be shielded from microwaves but which communicates with the steam generating chamber so that the food is cooked by exposure to steam heat rather than microwaves. Alternatively, microwave transmitting areas in the shield of the cooking chamber permit partial transmission of the microwaves so that the food is cooked by a combination of steam and microwave heat.

Abstract: An oven with a humidity conditioner is capable of cooking food by appropriately humidifying or dehumidifying it while the amount of steam contained in an oven cavity is being regulated. The oven includes a heater or magnetron for heating the food accommodated in the oven cavity, a humidity regulator for regulating the humidity inside the oven cavity, a cooking method selector for selecting a cooking method, and a controller for controlling the humidity regulator in response to a signal from the cooking method selector to selectively humidify and dehumidify the interior of the oven cavity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for cooking and/or heating a food product rapidly with the use of microwave and hot oil heating, which are applied simultaneously during the entire or partial period of the cooking and/or heating time. The said food product may be frozen prior to processing, and may consist of an outer wrapper and an inner filling. It is desirable that after a relatively short cooking and/or heating process, the outer wrapper becomes crispy with a uniform golden-brown color while the inner filling reaches a desired temperature.

Abstract: Cooking elements for cooking foods in a microwave oven include provisions for a water reservoir in an outer cooking element, with an inner cooking element holding food to be cooked. Again, there is a provision for a filter to prevent condensed water droplets from directly falling onto the food. Different embodiments are disclosed, and different types of elements for containing or holding food to be cooked are also disclosed.

Abstract: A joint container for forming a weld joint utilizing multiple adjacent metal plates which are spaced apart and positioned angularly to each other. One of the plates forming the joint may extend continuously through the joints along a straight line. At least first and second plates of the multiple plates may be at an acute angle to each other. A dam member is placed in each of the spaces between each two adjacent plates. The dam member between adjacent plates has a concave contour surface viewed in a direction toward the weld joint container. Thereby stress inducing sharp corners in the finished weld joint are minimized due to the reduction of the angles of the corners provided by the contour of each dam surface when it engages one of the plates. Also, the plates having ends at the joint have such ends cut parallel to and spaced from the plate extending continuously straight through the joint.

Abstract: A microwave cooking system for releasing moisture comprised of a microwave plate and spherical shaped container. The microwave plate includes a planar circular bottom section with upper and lower surfaces. The periphery of the upper surface of the bottom section includes coupling means for attachment thereupon. It further includes an annular top section formed as a hollow rim, with the hollow interior including a contiguous space extending the entire length of the rim. The rim extends upward from the bottom section, and has interior and exterior side walls shaped to follow the contour of the perimeter of the bottom section. The rim also includes an upper surface and open lower surface adapted to couple to the upper surface of the bottom section. A plurality of apertures in the upper surface of the rim extend into the hollow interior. The system further includes a generally spherical shaped container formed as a hollow sphere.

Abstract: A piece of microwave-active tape which is odor-free and physiologically inert can be adhered to a food package and remains strongly adhered during cooking at temperatures of at least 200.degree. C. The tape has layers of microwave-active material and a pressure-sensitive adhesive which is a polymeric .alpha.-olefin that has been cured to afford a "Peel Value" of at least 5 N/dm and a "Shrink Back" at 220.degree. C. of less than 5%. The tape can have a flexible backing such as a low-adhesion carrier web which can be stripped off from a piece of the tape that has been applied to a microwave food package, or when the backing is heat-resistant, it can be left in place.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a specially designed container for cooking foods. In a preferred embodiment, the container has a centrally located segregated receptacle for containing a liquid. Upon heating, steam is formed from the liquid in the receptacle and circulates throughout a chamber wherein the food is contained. The combination of circulating steam and microwave energy yields reduced cooking times for many foods and preserves the aesthetic qualities of food cooked in the container disclosed herein.

Abstract: A microwave radiation source is introduced into a fry basket within the fry tank of a deep fat fryer to reduce the cooking time of food products within the fry basket. Microwave energy is generated outside the fry tank and coupled into the fry basket by a microwave tuned transition, waveguide and antenna. Microwave chokes seal the basket top cover and microwave antenna to basket interface to confine the microwave energy to the fry basket. An electrical safety interlock prevents generation of microwave energy unless the fry basket is sealed.

Abstract: Microwaveable packing compositions exhibiting improved temperature control are provided. These compositions comprise a dielectric substrate having at least a portion of at least one of its surfaces coated with a matrix composition containing susceptor particles as well as particles of a blocking agent selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, zinc salts, zinc oxide, lithopone, silica and titanium dioxide. Also disclosed is a microwaveable ink composition useful for the preparation of such packaging compositions as well as a process for manufacturing such packaging compositions.

Abstract: A gas-flushed microwavable easy-to-open food package is provided which is resistant to impact under temperatures at or below freezing and which is comprised of a flexible lidding film having oxygen-barrier properties hermetically and peelably sealed to a food compartment formed from a polypropylene copolymer material. The lidding film is preferably comprised of oriented polyester, and the food product compartment further comprises a peelable oxygen, barrier film, preferably formed of ethylene vinyl acetate, PVDC and a peelable polyethylene layer. The package is designed to contain a perishable food product, such as a wiener in a bun or other proteinaceous-farinaceous food combinations, and is preferably entirely or partially transparent so as to allow the consumer to readily observe the condition of the food product before purchase.

Abstract: A microwave susceptor which includes a dielectric substrate and a dry layer of microwave active coating material overlaying at least a portion of the substrate is provided. The coating material includes a silicate binder and an active constituent and the weight ratio of the silicate to active is about 98:2 or less (i.e. less silicate). The dry layer is electrically continuous and has a surface concentration of active constituent of about 1 gram per square meter or greater. Sodium silicate is preferred as the binder and graphite is preferred as the active constituent. In addition additives such as saccharides, glycerine and plasticizers can be added to inhibit thermal shut down and to increase the flexibility of the dry layer. The susceptor can exhibit moderate heat performance or even high heating performance if desired.

Abstract: A microwave radiation source is introduced into a fry basket within the fry tank of a deep fat fryer to reduce the cooking time of food products within the fry basket. Microwave energy is generated outside the fry tank and coupled into the fry basket by a microwave tuned transition, waveguide and antenna. Microwave chokes seal the basket top cover and microwave antenna to basket interface to confine the microwave energy to the fry basket. An electrical safety interlock prevents generation of microwave energy unless the fry basket is sealed.

Abstract: Microwave oven apparatus includes provisions for adding moisture to foods being cooked in a microwave oven to reduce drying of the food during the cooking procedure. Different embodiments of a microwave oven include a microwave oven with mister elements, one mister element providing a cold mist and another mister embodiment providing a hot or steam mist derived from the heating of water in a reservoir of the microwave oven. A microwave oven may also include a water tray at the bottom of the oven, with water in the tray comprising the source of moisture for food being cooked in a dish within the oven. At the top of the oven, or above the mister elements, is a filter, preferably made of paper, or the like, through which moisture may permeate, but which prevents moisture condensing on the top of the microwave from falling onto the food in the form of droplets.

Abstract: A microwave cooker capable of cooking an assortment of foods by a variety of methods while maintaining constant pressure. The cooker of the present invention boils and steams foods continuously without pressure build up and without the need to shut off the microwave oven. Food spattering and spillage are prevented by a unique internal baffle rib design and a mechanism that releaseably locks the top cover.

Abstract: In a method of automatically welding rails, welding of bottom portions of the rails is carried out as root pass welding of a first layer according to CO.sub.2 gas shielded arc weld technique, and as continuous multilayer welding of layers above the first layer according to CO.sub.2 gas shielded arc weld technique without discontinuing the welding of a second layer and upper layers. In welding of ankle portions (R2) of the rails, a flux is rapidly added to promptly shift to electroslag weld. Then, welding is conducted to head surfaces (R5) of the rails by continuing electroslag weld technique. This automatic welding method enables high efficiency field welding of rails, obviating the need for any complicated switching operation of the electric power source and use of several kinds of welding materials.

Abstract: A process for automatic fusion welding of rails by a combination of submerged arc welding and electroslag welding, comprising a root run for welding a rail base by submerged arc welding and, without interruption of the welding, subsequent runs for welding the rail base and welding a region from a rail web to a rail head by electroslag welding; wherein, during all of the runs, a metal mold is mounted on an upper surface of the rail base and a metal shoe is mounted on the metal mold to prevent an outflow of molten slag and molten metal and, during all of the runs, welding is performed by using a DC welding transformer having constant potential characterisitcs, a filler-wire having a diameter of from 1.2 to 2.0 mm, and a fused-type flux. The inventive process avoids the use of different fluxes and an alteration of welding machine conditions during the whole sequence of welding from the rail base through to the rail head.

Abstract: Equipment for the electroslag surfacing of rolls. A roll to be surfaced is held in vertical position. One or more vertical supports are provided of which a first platform or lower carriage carrying a rotatable sleeve with an annular crystallizer surrounding the roll is located to permit vertical travel thereof, and an upper platform or upper carriage, carrying a swivel plate with bus bars for supplying generally vertically disposed welding electrodes with welding currents equipped with rollers on the bottom resting on a circular guiding path is provided, each electrode having a fixing mechanism with a support. A rotary mechanism for the guidance of welding electrodes into the weld gap is mounted on one or more upper sleeves, and is insulated from the crystallizer, while the bus bars are provided into three segments insulated from each other, each bus bar being connected with its respective phase of a three-phase current supply.

Abstract: A gas shield chamber for enclosing a welding joint of a pair of rails during the arc welding of the welding joint. A pair of side backing plates are each held in contact with the groove at one side of the rails within the chamber and the side backing plates are respectively movable independently of each other by a pair of drives having manual-powered operation change-over means. The ratio of respective flow rates of each shielding gas from respective injectors into the chamber is varied in accordance with the movement of the side backing plates. A pair of ground terminals of a welding power source are arranged on the sides of the rails.

Abstract: A method of electroslag welding consists in mounting parts to be welded with a required gap, assembling a forming device, introducing an electrode into the gap between the parts to be welded, filling the gap with a flux, setting a slag pool with subsequent melting of the electrode and the edges to be welded, and formation of the weld.A flux for electroslag welding contains calcium fluoride, calcium oxide. According to the invention, the flux further contains calcium chloride, the ratio between calcium fluoride and calcium oxide being of 3:1.

Abstract: A method of pool-slag welding is carried out in the well-known manner and arrangement, however, with determined altering current intensity and/or voltage. A control unit is used which is suitable for the pulsewise altering of the values of current intensity and/or voltage which are necessary for welding. Altering current intensity is carried out advantageously by regulating the speed of feeding of the welding filler wire. The method and apparatus makes the production of intermittent welds possible, which are of better quality, greater toughness and better impact strength than the welds produced by known methods and apparatus.

Abstract: Ground metallic adding material is fed into the welding gap. Electrodes are introduced into the gap in pairs, one electrode in a pair opposite the other, at an angle equal to the angle of divergence of the end faces being welded together. The electrodes are positioned so that their larger faces are parallel with the end faces being welded together and the smaller faces extend beyond the side surface of the workpiece being welded.

Abstract: A method of electroslag welding of light metals wherein parts to be welded, a forming device, and an electrode are successively mounted with the provision of a required gap between said parts, following which the gap is filled with a flux, and then a slag pool is set up with following melting of the electrode and the edges with the formation of a metal pool, which is accumulated, maintained in the liquid state and utilized for filling the welding gap with the liquid metal with subsequent solidification of the liquid metal. According to the invention, the metal pool is accumulated outside the gap above the parts being welding, and filling the gap with the liquid metal is carried out after the termination of fusion of the electrode and the parts being welded and accumulation of the metal pool in a volume required for filling the gap considering weld reinforcement.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for electroslag welding of light metals, which includes establishing a slag bath, fusing an electrode and edges to be weld-joined, and filling with molten metal the gap between the edges, the weld metal being held in a liquid state after switching off the welding current with concurrently increasing the slag bath heat capacity.The method employs a flux of the following composition (in wt. %):______________________________________ barium fluoride 60.0 to 90.0 calcium fluoride 5.0 to 15.0 lithium fluoride 1.0 to 5.0 sodium fluoride 1.0 to 10.0 potassium fluoride 1.0 to 15.

Abstract: A method for electroslag welding of metals by a large-section electrode includes establishing a slag bath, fusing the electrode and the edges being weld-joined, filling with molten metal the inlet metal mould and the gap between the edges, and subsequently removing the inlet shrinkhead. The electrode is, in establishing the slag bath and filling with metal the inlet metal mould, fused at a rate lower than the electrode fusion rate in filling with metal the gap between the edges being weld-joined at constant electrical parameters of the electroslag welding. A brittle interlayer is formed between the inlet shrinkhead and the weld in the course of welding, and the weld is made so that it has a low electrical resistance.

Abstract: A method for electroslag welding of railroad rails under field conditions employs a special mold bottom member and a special guide tube structure. The mold bottom member includes a metallic insert which is supported by heat-insulating means, e.g. ceramic material in a cavity in a bottom copper block. The ceramic effectively heat insulates the insert from the copper block so when arcing takes place at the start of the welding, the heat is retained by the insert, which forms part of the weld. The guide tube structure is flared toward the bottom and guides two continuously fed electrodes. The structure includes wing-like members near its bottom end. The bottom of the structure is designed wth sharp corners, so that when arcing takes place some of the guide structure metal melts to form a uniform layer of molten metal, which aids in the melting of flux into a slug bath of uniformly distributed temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing electroslag T-joints where fillets are required is provided by utilizing a water-cooled copper shoe with a slag relief notch placed along the weld joints to provide a dam for the fillet material; the location of the slag relief notch in the shoes of various radii is determined according to a precise formula which provides the required results.

Abstract: An apparatus for safeguarding a welding pool in mechanized welding in a constrained position, for example a vertical position, comprises sliding blocks pressed against the surfaces of the work pieces to be welded and supplying the welding current and the welding electrode and moving at the welding rate. The sliding blocks comprise two segments which are closely adjacent in the perpendicular center plane of the welding gap between the work pieces and are mutually movable. The sliding block segments are pressed in a yielding manner against the surface of each work piece and are individually and independently movable.

Abstract: An electro-slag welding method and apparatus has been developed for butt-joint welding of steel rails or other metallic pieces having irregular cross section, in which the head and the web of the rail is surrounded with a conventional water cooled copper mold and the flange area is surrounded by a ceramic lined crucible. In addition to the conventional single central welding electrode, two or more electrodes are inserted through the lids of the ceramic crucible adjacent the outer ends of the rail flange so as to reduce the total welding current required to produce a complete flange weld and spread the welding energy, thereby reducing excess power and overheating at the central electrode, resulting in better metallurgical quality welds.

Abstract: A method of electroslag welding and a flux used in the welding process are intended for welding heavy leads of electric installations, particularly busbars of electrolyzers used in non-ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry where intense magnetic fields act.The method consists in the component parts to be welded being brought together to form a gap therebetween such that the area "B" of the gap relates to the area "A" of the horizontal cross-section of the welding electrode and to the area "C" of the projection of the surface of the welding bath to the horizontal plane as A:B:C=1:(1.2 to 1.5):(2.5 to 4.5).The flux used in the welding process and comprising lithium fluoride and sodium fluoride further comprises potassium fluoride and calcium fluoride in the following ratio, % by weight:______________________________________ lithium fluoride 60.0 to 90.0 sodium fluoride 5.0 to 20.0 calcium fluoride 1.0 to 5.0 potassium fluoride 4.0 to 15.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroslag surfacing of cylindrical components, such as a rolling-mill roll for iron production. The invention seeks to solve the problems of the electrodes for supplying a high current to the slag, and; how to prevent excess fusion-penetration of the base metal from occurring during the thick surfacing which results in an increase in heat input and a decrease in welding speed or the speed of rising the metal pool. In the present invention, a multi-phase alternating current is supplied to the slag via a plurality of consumable electrodes each in the form of a bar having a large cross section, and further the surfacing is conducted while rotating the workpiece and continuously adding molten metal to the surface of the slag bath. The invention can be mainly utilized for the production and repairing of cylindrical composite components.

Abstract: A welding method in which two metal bars are disposed such that the opposing ends of these bars are placed in a welding mold with a predetermined welding gap preserved therebetween, and are jointed to each other by filling the space formed between the opposing ends of the bars and the inner surface of the welding mold with a molten welding metal. Also, disclosed is a welding apparatus having a welding gap setting device for placing the metal bars with a predetermined welding gap therebetween and an arc welder for jointing the bars by filling the welding gap with molten welding metal.

Abstract: An electro-slag welding method using as a consumable electrode a strip of mild steel and an electric insulating material. The steel strip has a width substantially equal to the thickness of the plate material to be welded. The electric insulating material is composed of a slag-forming agent, a deoxidizing agent and an alloying agent and is disposed between the steel strip and the material to be welded, and also between the strip and shoe, if necessary.The electric insulating material used in the welding method is provided in the form of two plates disposed on opposite sides of the steel strip, or in a hollow rectangular form to enclose the steel strip.The electric insulating material is molded from powdered slag-forming agent, deoxidizing agent and alloying agent with a net of a mild steel material, which is used as core.

Abstract: In an apparatus for electroslag welding of steel sheets with the aid of at least one wire electrode pair, a welding gap defined between the electrodes of the electrode pair, current-carrying conduits for the electrode pair, and a supply tube for supplying metal in a powdered state, and welding flux into the welding gap, the improvement includes a shielding device creating a duct along the current-carrying conduits. The duct, owing to the shielding device, is substantially free of any magnetic field, and the supply tube is positioned in the duct.

Abstract: Large metal structures for heavy duty machines are prefabricated from subassemblies. The subassemblies are made with matched grooves, and held together. The subassemblies are machined taken apart transported to the field reassembled and electroslag welded in the area of the grooves.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automatic welding apparatus for upward welding of curved joints having a plurality of welding nozzles mounted on an arm for independent or separate movement in directions tangent and normal to the welding line, the arm being carried by a column for free vertical and horizontal movement, and a nozzle orientation controlling mechanism adapted to rotate the welding nozzles on the arm to put the welding wire fed from the welding nozzle in parallel with a line tangent to the welding line, upon detecting the inclination of the tangential line.