Abstract: A vehicle air vent clamping device is disclosed. The vehicle air vent clamping device includes a base, a supporting arm, a hook for hooking a blade of a vehicle air vent, and an adjustment mechanism for driving the hook to move. The rear end of the supporting arm is connected to the base, and a blocking portion is disposed at the front end of the supporting arm. The hook can be located on the supporting arm in a front-rear movement manner, and when the hook moves to the position of the blocking portion, the hook is hidden in the blocking portion. The adjustment mechanism is connected between the base and the hook.

Abstract: A vehicle canister mounting structure for a vehicle, the vehicle including a frame and an upper structure, such as a cabin, mounted on the frame, includes a primary bracket and a secondary bracket. The primary bracket is fastened to the frame by a primary fastener. The secondary bracket is fastened to the primary bracket by a secondary fastener and is attached to a canister. One of the primary fastener and the secondary fastener is configured to allow fastening to be performed from above the frame. The other of the primary and secondary fasteners is configured to allow fastening to be performed from below the frame.

Abstract: Display assemblies for supporting displays on stands or support arms have mount portions to removably attach to the displays using magnetic assemblies and latches. The magnetic assemblies and latches can improve user experience and allow the display to be installed on a support arm from the viewing side of the display and without having to see or reach behind the display. Magnetic structures can center a mount portion of the support arm and a recess of the display and can attract them to each other. Laterally-extending latches can ensure the display is not inadvertently removed. Locking mechanisms can prevent the display from being rotated to a portrait orientation when sufficient space around the display and the necessary user intent is not provided.

Abstract: An auxiliary fixing device for a bicycle includes a body and a supporting rod unit. The supporting rod unit includes first and second supporting rods coupled to the body. Each of the first and second supporting rods includes a connecting portion, a supporting portion, and an extension portion between the connecting portion and the supporting portion. The extension portion of the first supporting rod has an end adjacent to the connecting portion of the first supporting rod and another end extending away from the second supporting rod. The extension portion of the second supporting rod has an end adjacent to the connecting portion of the second supporting rod and another end extending away from the first supporting rod.

Abstract: An automated storage system for receiving, storing, and dispensing items is herein proposed. The system has an enclosure, which defines a storage volume, and a port which selectively connects the storage volume to the ambient space for deposit and retrieval of items. The system also includes a plurality of containers for containing at least one item being stored as well as a support structure for supporting the plurality of containers in the storage volume. The containers feature a base, an envelope extending from the base, and an opening opposing the base and providing access to an inner volume defined by the base and envelope for containing at least one item. The system includes a manipulator for transporting the containers between an access position at the port and a storage position at the support structure.

Abstract: A tray table apparatus includes a table carrier structure releasably mountable to a console element, wherein the table carrier structure is configured as a housing. The tray table apparatus further includes an adjustment mechanism housed within the table carrier structure, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a table support element movable relative to the table carrier structure. The tray table apparatus also includes a table element coupled to the table support element and together movable between at least a retracted stowed position in which the table element is housed within the table carrier structure and a deployed use position in which the table element protrudes from the table carrier structure.

Abstract: An automated storage system for receiving, storing, and dispensing items is herein proposed. The system has an enclosure, which defines a storage volume, and a port which selectively connects the storage volume to the ambient space for deposit and retrieval of items. The system also includes a plurality of containers for containing at least one item being stored as well as a support structure for supporting the plurality of containers in the storage volume. The containers feature a base, an envelope extending from the base, and an opening opposing the base and providing access to an inner volume defined by the base and envelope for containing at least one item. The system includes a manipulator for transporting the containers between an access position at the port and a storage position at the support structure.

Abstract: Display assemblies for supporting displays on stands or support arms have mount portions to removably attach to the displays using magnetic assemblies and latches. The magnetic assemblies and latches can improve user experience and allow the display to be installed on a support arm from the viewing side of the display and without having to see or reach behind the display. Magnetic structures can center a mount portion of the support arm and a recess of the display and can attract them to each other. Laterally-extending latches can ensure the display is not inadvertently removed. Locking mechanisms can prevent the display from being rotated to a portrait orientation when sufficient space around the display and the necessary user intent is not provided.

Abstract: A pocket is structured to be removably securable to a vehicle door. In one arrangement, the pocket includes at least one positioning element receiving cavity structured to extend horizontally or substantially horizontally when the pocket is attached to a vehicle door.

Abstract: A refuse bag support apparatus for use with a vehicle is provided. The support apparatus includes a base member having a frame and a first pad slidably mounted to a second pad, the first pad and the second pad oriented substantially parallel to each other and able to adjust to create space sufficiently large to permit a tire of the vehicle to be disposed between the first pad and the second pad to support the base member, and a collar mechanically coupled to the frame of the base member. The collar supports a refuse bag.

Abstract: A cargo retention apparatus for a vehicle includes a vehicle panel defining an interior, an exterior, and an elongate slot open between the interior and exterior that extends in a first direction therealong. A track member is disposed on the interior of the panel and is aligned with the slot in the first direction. The apparatus further includes a hook having a base received through the slot and slidably coupled with the track member.

Abstract: A device and method is presented that attaches a tablet computer to a vehicle headrest. A two-piece mount has a headrest coupling and a tablet housing. The tablet housing has a rigid core attached to a flexible rim portion that secures the tablet computer within the tablet housing. The rigid core has a circular cavity in the rear. The headrest coupling mounts to headrest posts in a vehicle using hinged arms and locking clips. The headrest coupling further has a circular attachment disk that fits within the circular cavity of the tablet housing. Retractable tabs in the circumference of the attachment disk fit within tracks in the walls of the circular cavity. The tabs prevent accidental separation of the tablet housing from the headrest coupling, and allow rotation of the tablet housing when attached to the headrest coupling.

Abstract: A safety hammer (1) for breaking glass, comprises a housing (2) comprising at least two shell parts (2a, 2b); a hammer head (3) having at least one end (4) for breaking the glass, wherein the hammer head (3) is at least partly enclosed by the shell parts (2a, 2b) such that the at least one end (4) of the hammer head (3) extends outside the housing (2); wherein the hammer head (3) is arranged for cooperation with the shell parts (2a, 2b) for fastening the shell parts (2a, 2b) via the hammer head (3). A safety tool holder comprises a base holder element and at least one intermediate holder element arranged for removable coupling to the base holder element at one end and for removable coupling to a safety tool at another end; wherein the intermediate holder element is provided with a single connecting element for removable connection to the safety tool.

Abstract: Vehicle trunk mounting systems and methods are disclosed. A mounting system comprises a frame adapted to be secured within the trunk and a platform adapted to support a device thereon. The frame comprises a hinge portion and a guide portion. The platform is movably secured within the frame. The frame is rotatable around the hinge portion between a first position in which the platform is substantially horizontal and a second position in which the platform is substantially upright. The platform is slidable within the guide portion when the frame is in the first position. A mounting method comprises mounting the device on the platform, slidably repositioning the platform within the frame, and rotating the frame between the first position and the second position.

Abstract: An accessory mounting apparatus is provided for coupling to a vehicle roll bar. The accessory mounting apparatus illustratively includes a driver side clamping device configured to be secured to a driver side upright of the roll bar, and a passenger side clamping device configured to be secured to the passenger side upright of the roll bar. Protective sleeves cooperate with the clamping devices to protect the roll bar from damaging contact therewith. A laterally extending cross member extends between the driver side clamping device and the passenger side clamping device.

Abstract: A side trunk mounting structure which enhances the external appearance of a two-wheeled motor vehicle. Mounting holes (113F, 113r) for mounting the side trunk (111) are formed in a rear fender (17). The side trunk mounting holes are located below a rider's seat (15).

Abstract: An adapter bracket for supporting a saddle bag on a motorcycle. A strut for securing a rear motorcycle fender includes a vertical section, a lower horizontal section, and an upper horizontal section. The vertical section has bolts extending through it for attachment to the fender. The adapter bracket includes a lower attachment portion with bores, an intermediate strut coupling portion, and an upper connection plate with an aperture. One of the fender bolts is removed, and the coupling portion is slid over the lower horizontal section of the strut from the strut's inner side. The aperture in the connection plate is aligned with the hole in the strut corresponding to the removed bolt. The bolt is reinstalled, securing the strut, bracket, and fender together. An inner sidewall of the saddle bag provided with a backing plate, and bolts secure the backing plate, the inner sidewall, and the attachment portion together.

Abstract: A cradle winch assembly for easy attachment to and detachment from a vehicle frame is disclosed. The cradle assembly includes a winch cradle for mounting a winch thereon, two drawbars fixed to the winch cradle and extending a distance from the cradle, two receiver brackets configured to be affixed to the vehicle frame and to allow insertion therein of the two drawbars, and a locking mechanism connected to the winch cradle. The disclosed locking mechanism includes a lever, two opposing load-bearing pins, and linkage connecting the lever to the pins wherein the locking mechanism is configured to move between a locked and unlocked position with the pins moving in a direction transverse to the insertion direction of the drawbar into the receiver bracket. The locking mechanism locks the cradle to the vehicle frame when actuated to a locked position by the lever.

Abstract: A stretcher receiving system is provided for installation in an interior compartment of a vehicle, as well as a method of converting a vehicle to a stretchered passenger carrying vehicle. An example of the system includes a plurality of adjustable mounting assemblies, capable of being attached to an interior surface of the vehicle compartment. The mounting assemblies support an adjustable frame assembly which may have at least two vertical posts. Interconnecting these vertical posts is at least one stretcher receiver adapted to hold an end of a stretcher.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic flight bag mounting system a cockpit mounting member coupled to an electronic flight bag mounting member. The cockpit mounting member is configured to mount to a cockpit of an aircraft, while the electronic flight bag mounting member is configured to be coupled to an electronic flight bag. The electronic flight bag mounting member is movable from a deployed position in which a display of the electronic flight bag faces a cockpit seat configured in the cockpit to a storage position in which the electronic flight bag faces away from the cockpit seat.

Abstract: A load panel shelf assembly includes a shelf frame, at least one panel, a mounting rail, and a hinge assembly. The shelf frame is composed of a plurality of frame segments. The at least one panel is fitted within the shelf frame to form a shelf surface. The mounting rail is configured to attach to a sidewall of a transport vehicle and includes a shelf support configured to support a portion of the shelf frame. The mounting rail includes a mounting rail receiver and the at least one of the frame segments includes a frame segment receiver. The hinge assembly includes first and second hinge segments which are pivotally connectable by a pivot pin disposed through both the first and second hinge segments. The first hinge segment and the second hinge segment each have a cross-section profile that is configured to fit into the cross-section profiles of the mounting rail receiver and the frame segment receiver, respectively.

Abstract: A target thrower mount attachable to a hitch on a vehicle. The target thrower mount may comprise a reconfigurable frame having an adjustable height and length and a universal attachment bracket removably attached to the frame. The frame may comprise horizontal and vertical support structures. The universal attachment bracket may comprise an E-shaped bracket and a base plate attached to and spaced apart from the E-shaped bracket. The E-shaped bracket and the base plate may have aligned holes formed therethrough with a configuration that allows attachment of a plurality of types of target throwers. The spacing between the E-shaped bracket and the base plate may also allow for a portion of an attachment piece of some target throwers to be slid therebetween.

Abstract: A support structure for detachably mounting a display unit to a vehicle structure, a headrest, and a vehicle are described.

Abstract: A holder for a mobile telephone headset includes a base and arm members extending outwardly from the base with a receiving member attached to ends of the arm members. The receiving member includes spaced apart upright members forming a gap for loosely receiving an ear bud of the mobile telephone headset. A clip may be removably attached to the base for removably securing the holder to a support structure within a motor vehicle. The holder further includes illumination for locating it or the headset in a darkened environment. Yet further, the arm members are spaced apart to form an opening sufficient for receiving an ear hook of the headset, the holder thus providing ease for a user to safely store the mobile telephone headset.

Abstract: A storage box and a supporting bracket assembly are provided for use in the bed of a pickup style truck. The storage box has a base with a bottom and a plurality of side walls. The bracket assembly includes a box engaging portion, a hook portion and an adjustable support leg. The box and bracket have an installed position wherein the hook portion engages the upper rail of a bed of a pickup style bed, the outer end of the adjustable support leg engages a wall extending downwardly from the upper rail of the bed and the storage box is supported on the bracket assembly adjacent the wall of the bed.

Abstract: There is provided an accessory mounting device for a saddle riding type vehicle. An accessory mounting device for mounting a navigation device on a fuel tank comprises a base body on which the navigation device is mounted, and permanent magnets caused to stick to the fuel tank and thus allowing the base body to be mounted thereon. The permanent magnets are provided on the base body via spherical joints. In this sense, the permanent magnets are caused to stick to the fuel tank in a manner such that directions thereof are changed depending on a shape of the fuel tank, thus obtaining a stable mounting structure. Further, since there is no need to provide flexible members around the permanent magnets, an excellent durability is achieved. Furthermore, the base body comprises a bracket for holding the car navigation device, and an angle of the bracket can be adjusted.

Abstract: An auxiliary tank for a liquid is removably mounted on a rod extending from a support attached to selected threaded studs supporting a spare tire on a vehicle. A plurality of snaplock elements retain the tank locked with the support. A second tank for a liquid may be mounted on the rod adjacent the first tank. A further plurality of snaplock elements interlock the two tanks with one another. To prevent unauthorized removal of the tank(s), a conventional padlock is engaged with a passageway at the end of the rod. A variant support includes a flange for attachment to a bumper, running board, or the like, of a vehicle.

Abstract: A fastening device for a bicycle includes a fixed assembly and a fastening assembly. The fixed assembly is fixedly mounted to the frame of the bicycle, and the fastening assembly is used for supporting an article. The first moveable socket and the second moveable socket of the fastening assembly are snapped into the first fixed holder and the second fixed holder of the fixed assembly correspondingly, so that the fastening assembly and the supported article are detachedly mounted to the frame of the bicycle. The fastening device for a bicycle can facilitate the disengaging and engaging of the article, prevent wear of the surface of the article, and enhance the fixing strength of the fastening assembly.

Abstract: An attachment mechanism is described for attaching accessories to a stake hole in the sidewall of a cargo area of a vehicle, such as a pickup truck. The mechanism comprises of a base plate with a grove formed in the top of the base plate having the shape of an inverted T. An attachment plate having a connector, also having the shape of an inverted T, is attached to the bottom surface of the attachment plate. An attachment such as a tie down ring, a tie down anchor, a flag pole or tent pole holder or the like is attached to the top surface of the attachment plate. The attachment plate can then be attached to the base plate by sliding the inverted T shaped connector into the inverted T shaped groove in the base plate. Another attachment mechanism is described which can be used to attach accessories to vehicles without stake holes or to other regions of a vehicle.

Abstract: An anchor and an attachment base assembly comprises a base having at least one base aperture, and an anchor selectively operatively connected to the base. The anchor is selectively inserted at least partially into the at least one base aperture and optionally into an aperture of an accessory. The anchor has a base part movable between a locked position where the anchor is secured to the base and an unlocked position where the anchor is free from the base. An accessory part is operatively connected to the base part. The accessory part is adapted to selectively connect at least partially to a brim of the aperture of the accessory for bracing at least partially the accessory to the base when the anchor is in the locked position. The anchor has other features. A vehicle having an anchor and an attachment base assembly is also presented.

Abstract: A receiving member is provided on a face of a casing and includes an insertion port and first and second abutment portions. An insertion portion of each of the brackets is inserted through the insertion port. The insertion port is shaped to have at least one step varying in a width of the insertion port such that the width is narrower as the at least one step is farther away from the face of the casing. Each of the first and second abutment portions has such an inner shape that, when the insertion portion is inserted through the insertion port, the abutment portion abuts against the leading end of the insertion portion in the insertion direction to restrict a movement of the leading end in association with the corresponding one of different widths of the insertion portions.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a fastening device for the fastening of an attachment part on a carrying part, for a motor vehicle, with at least one hooking-in device, which includes a carrying element that is fastened or can be fastened to the carrying part. The fastening device further includes an attachment element that is configured to be fastened to the attachment part, and also has a securing element.

Abstract: A trash collector for vehicles in which trash produced in the vehicles are collected and processed neatly and efficiently. The trash collector includes: a body having a space for containing trash and an opening portion; a fixing clip which is detachably installed on an inner side surface of the body; and a roll of vinyl bags which are hung on the hanging portions of the fixing clip and are successively supplied downwards in the body. Here, shield wings are formed on the inner side surface of the body and are inserted into the roll of vinyl bags to thus prevent trash from being exposed. A plurality of leaf springs extend along the opening portion, to enable the space of the body to be maintained at an opened state and with an elastic force, if flexural strengths of the leaf springs exceed threshold points of the leaf springs.

Abstract: A panel dock has a body, a retainer, and a bracket. The retainer is rotably secured to the body and includes a shaft having at least one arm extending from the shaft and at least one finger extending from the shaft. The bracket is attachable to an electronic device. The bracket includes a bar sized to be secured between the arm and the finger.

Abstract: A golf accessory for attaching to an accessory mounting system of a golf car. The accessory mounting system including a bracket that is configured to connectably receive the golf accessory and a mount for attachment to the golf car and configured to connectably receive the bracket. The mount including a base that has a generally vertical surface, an aperture extending generally horizontally into the base from the vertical surface and configured to receive a portion of a fastener coupled with the bracket, and a slotted opening extending into the base and configured to receive a portion of the bracket. The base including a generally horizontal surface and the slotted opening extends generally vertically into the base from the horizontal surface. The golf accessory including a golf-related item, and means for connecting the golf-related item to the bracket.

Abstract: A mounting system for mounting an electronic device on a vehicle is disclosed herein. The mounting system includes a mounting bracket that can be attached to a vehicle. The mounting bracket has a first member defining an engaging member and a second member defining a keeper. The mounting system also includes a retainer attached to the electronic device and capable of engaging and rotating around the engaging member. Additionally, the mounting system includes a latch associated with the electronic device. The latch comprises a rotor capable of engaging the keeper and securing the electronic device to the mounting bracket after the retainer has engaged the engaging member.

Abstract: A mount is provided for fastening a motor vehicle module on a motor vehicle, having a fastening section, using which the module is fastenable on the motor vehicle, and having a support section angled therefrom, in order to place the module thereon. The support section has a receptacle, into which a pin of the module is insertable in the vertical direction (z), the pin being longitudinally displaceable in the receptacle in a predetermined direction (x) in the inserted state, the fastening section having a receptacle, into which a tab of the module can be introduced upon a movement in the cited direction (x), and having a cantilever, which is implemented to produce a positive connection with a safeguard block associated with the module.

Abstract: A modular vehicular storage system includes a sub-frame coupleable to a vehicle chassis. The sub-frame is selectively configurable between an expanded and retracted position to accommodate a variety of vehicle widths. At least one storage element, such as a storage container, is mountable to the sub-frame for securing a number of items. The storage container may include a base and a cover movably coupled to the base between an open and closed position for selective access to the interior of the storage container. The sub-frame may accommodate any number of alternative storage elements and may be configured to simultaneously support a number of different storage elements at a given time to provide the user with a number of storage options.

Abstract: A storage unit is anchored in a truck bed with an attachment system incorporating side modules forming a track for easy pull-out and yet security when moved to a storage position within the truck bed. The storage unit and/or the side modules have recesses and components shaped for function and utility, as well as security and yet easy access. For example, the side modules can include a stationary light, a pull-out spot light, an electrical plug, a storage recess with a lockable cover, and/or a tool-holding recess. The storage unit includes functionally-shaped walls, pull-out containers and drawers, repositionable dividers for the storage recess, a lockable cover, handles to facilitate carriage, wheels for rolling transport, walls with external cable anchors for tying down items, and/or an air deflector/spoiler. The side modules can be releasable for use as a suitcase-like separate unit.

Abstract: A tool mounting assembly for a motor vehicle includes a vehicle body structure, a first storage container portion that is configured to receive at least one jack operation tool, and a second storage container portion that is fixed to the first storage container portion and is configured to receive at least one wheel chock. A first bracket is attached to the vehicle body structure and fully surrounds the first storage container portion in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the first storage container portion. A second bracket is attached to the vehicle body structure and at least partially surrounds the first storage container portion. The second storage container portion is positioned between the first bracket and the second bracket.

Abstract: A connecting assembly for support frames of a bicycle saddle is fixed to the support frames under the saddle in a simple and stable way, the connecting assembly can also be used together with a connecting member which has one end engaged with the connecting assembly and the other end for clamping or carrying objects.

Abstract: A logistic container intended to be made integral with a structure, such as a vehicle, and incorporating a clasping device intended to cooperate with a matching device carried by the structure, the container being of a geometry with several faces wherein the container incorporates at least two opening flaps each arranged on a separate face.

Abstract: A hinge mechanism 29 that rotatably provides a luggage board 27 and an auxiliary board 28 continuously with each other while interposing an integral hinge 13 therebetween, in which a space portion S is provided between mutually opposite end surfaces 20 and 21 of the luggage board 27 and the auxiliary board 28, wherein a restoring force generation portion 30a of a spring member 30 is housed in the space portion S, and in addition, both end portions 31 and 32 of the spring member 30 are fixed to the luggage board 27 and the auxiliary board 28, respectively.

Abstract: A portable security enclosure assembly is provided for use with a vehicle of the type having a surface. The enclosure includes a base and means for fixing the base to the vehicle surface. Means are provided for detachably mounting the enclosure to the base. The mounting means includes first and second rings pivotally mounted on the base surface for movement between an upright position and a non-upright position. The rings are spaced apart. The enclosure has first and second openings adapted to align with the rings, respectively, when the enclosure is situated on the base, such that the rings extend through the openings in the enclosure when the rings are in the upright position. A locking bar, longer than the distance between the rings, is adapted to be simultaneously received through the rings, so as to secure the enclosure to the base.

Abstract: A positioning assembly for a bicycle lock has a positioning frame, a turning connector and a linking element. The positioning frame is detachably mounted on a bicycle and has a mounting segment and a controlling segment. The controlling segment is mounted on the mounting segment and has a base and two pressing devices. The base has two mounting recesses. The pressing devices are movably and respectively mounted in the mounting recesses of the base. The turning connector is pivotally and detachably connected to the positioning frame and has a pivotal segment and a linking segment. The pivotal segment has two engaging elements mounted in the mounting recesses of the base to engage the pressing devices. The linking segment is formed with the pivotal segment and has an inserting hole. The linking element is detachably connected to inserting hole of the turning connector.

Abstract: An electric charging cord is stored aboard an automotive vehicle using a cord storage unit that has at least one mounting feature. A bracket is positioned on an interior of a movable body closure, such as a hatch-back, and engages the mounting feature to removably attach the storage unit to the panel throughout movement of the body closure between open and closed positions. In a stowed position, the storage unit is held closely adjacent the body closure by a latch. When the body closure is in the raised/open position, the latch is released and the storage unit drops downward and hangs from the bracket where it may easily be removed from engagement with the bracket.

Abstract: A vehicle equipment mount for mounting one or more pieces of equipment within a vehicle, the vehicle equipment mount includes a base component that includes a floor plate, a middle plate, and an instrument mount plate, wherein the middle plate is movable with respect to the floor plate, and wherein the instrument mount plate connects with the middle plate. At least one first cradle connects to the instrument mount plate, the at least one first cradle being operable to hold a piece of equipment therein.

Abstract: A battery mounting system includes a generally planar mounting base having at least one slot. The system further includes a generally planar battery tray containing a battery and having at least one guide extending away from a bottom surface of the battery tray. The battery tray slidably engages the mounting base such that the guide engages the slot, the guide and slot cooperating to control the travel of the battery tray with respect to the mounting base.

Abstract: A universal mobile telephone headpiece holder includes a U-shaped receiver member, configured to hold an earpiece, and a generally linear support member that is capable to engage a curved member on a telephone headpiece not having an earpiece to support the headpiece within convenient reach of an operator of an automobile vehicle while the headpiece is not in use. The receiver member can be configured for mounting in different attachment members to be detachable therefrom. The attachment member can be in the form of a clip engagable with an air conditioning vent grille louver or an adhesive member that is simply stuck on a flush surface of the dashboard. Through the universal telephone headpiece holder, the headpiece can be supported at an elevated location to be accessed when the phone rings without searching for the headpiece.

Abstract: A quick connection and release assembly for releasably mounting a bicycle rack on the bumper of a motor vehicle. The assembly includes a bumper plate structure adapted to be fixedly secured to the bumper by fasteners and defining at least one tongue extending upwardly from an upper edge thereof and a bicycle rack plate structure adapted to be fixedly secured to a rear face of the bike rack base plate by fasteners and including an aperture proximate an upper edge thereof sized to receive the tongue and retractable pins proximate lower side edges thereof for positioning behind a lower edge portion of the bumper plate structure.