Abstract: Technologies are described for methods and systems effective for flex plates. The flex plates may comprise a base plate. The base plate may include walls that define an insert location opening in the base plate. The insert location opening in the base plate may be in communication with a securement area. The flex plates may comprise an insert. The insert may include a reservoir region and a crystallization region separated by a wall including channels. The reservoir region and the crystallization region may include a backing. The insert may further include securement tabs. The securement tabs may be configured to secure the insert to the base plate at the securement area.

Abstract: Apparatus, processes, and systems for removal of solids from a hydrocarbon stream. The present disclosure utilizes a surfactant to reduce interfacial tension between a hydrocarbon phase and a water (or aqueous) phase to promote solids to be pulled by gravity out of the hydrocarbon phase and into the water phase.

Abstract: Making a salt substitute includes forming a salt substitute precursor, providing the salt substitute precursor to a centrifuge, and centrifuging the salt substitute precursor to yield a salt substitute in the form of a solid and a centrate. The salt substitute precursor includes water, a chloride salt, a food grade acid, and an anticaking agent. The chloride salt includes potassium chloride. A pH of the salt substitute precursor is between 2 and 4, and the salt substitute precursor is a saturated or supersaturated solution, a suspension, or a slurry. The salt substitute includes a chloride salt, a food grade acid, and an anticaking agent. The salt substitute includes potassium chloride and is in the form of a crystalline solid including at least 95 wt % of the chloride salt, up to 1 wt % of the food grade acid, and up to 1 wt % of the anticaking agent.

Abstract: Technologies are described for methods and systems effective for flex plates. The flex plates may comprise a base plate. The base plate may include walls that define an insert location opening in the base plate. The insert location opening in the base plate may be in communication with a securement area. The flex plates may comprise an insert. The insert may include a reservoir region and a crystallization region separated by a wall including channels. The reservoir region and the crystallization region may include a backing. The insert may further include securement tabs. The securement tabs may be configured to secure the insert to the base plate at the securement area.

Abstract: Technologies are described for methods and systems effective for flex plates. The flex plates may comprise a base plate. The base plate may include walls that define an insert location opening in the base plate. The insert location opening in the base plate may be in communication with a securement area. The flex plates may comprise an insert. The insert may include a reservoir region and a crystallization region separated by a wall including channels. The reservoir region and the crystallization region may include a backing. The insert may further include securement tabs. The securement tabs may be configured to secure the insert to the base plate at the securement area.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a semi-humic composition comprising one or more humic substance which has been chemically interacted with one or more organic non-humic nitrogenous molecules, methods of use thereof, and a process for obtaining the same. The compositions provided herein are useful for enhancing crop growth, and in particular, in the area of organic farming.

Abstract: An inerting system for an aircraft includes an inert gas generation apparatus, an air supply line, a compressor and an inert gas line. The compressor supplies the inert gas generation apparatus with air from the air supply line at a pressure necessary for operation of the inert gas generation apparatus. The inert gas line carries the inert gas produced by the inert gas generation apparatus on to an inert gas consumer. The air supply line is connected to an exhaust air system of the aircraft. A method for supplying an inert gas in an aircraft includes tapping of air from an exhaust air system of the aircraft, compression of the tapped air, and production of inert gas in an inert gas generation apparatus from the compressed air. An aircraft is disclosed in which such an inerting system is arranged and/or used.

Abstract: The present invention provides highly water soluble products derived from humin, as well as methods of obtaining such products. Humin is first blended with water and a nitrogen source, such as urea, under intense agitation and heating, in order to disperse the nitrogen source. Thereupon, the blend is incubated for an extended period to create nitrogen-reacted humin having the desired solubility properties. The products may be used as aqueous dispersions, or dried in the form of particulates.

Abstract: A method for preparing particles of alkali metal bicarbonate by crystallization from a solution of alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate in the presence of an additive in the solution, selected from the sulfates, sulfonates, the polysulfonates, the amines, the hydroxysultaines, the polycarboxylates, the polysaccharides, the polyethers and the ether-phenols, alkali metal hexametaphosphate, the phosphates, the sulfosuccinates, the amidosulfonates, the aminosulfonates, preferably selected from the polycarboxylates having a mean molecular weight lower than 8000 g/mol, and such that the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm and preferably of at most 200 ppm.

Abstract: A method for preparing particles of alkali metal bicarbonate by crystallization from a solution of alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate in the presence of an additive in the solution, selected from the sulfates, sulfonates, the polysulfonates, the mines, the hydroxysultaines, the polycarboxylates, the polysaccharides, the polyethers and the etherphenols, alkali metal hexametaphosphate, the phosphates such as the organophosphates or the phosphonates, the sulfosuccinates, the amido-sulfonates, the aminosulfonates, preferably selected from: the phosphates, the organophosphates or the phosphonates, and such that the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm and preferably of at most 200 ppm.

Abstract: A filter press system for water desalination may comprise: a frame; a plurality of filter plates configured to form a stack of parallel plates, each of filter plates being movably attached to the frame, the filter plates further being configured to form a multiplicity of chambers, each of the chambers being formed by adjacent filter plates, each of the chambers being lined by filter cloths and substantially filled with beads, wherein the plurality of filter plates, the multiplicity of chambers and the filter cloths are configured to allow water vapor to escape from the chambers while retaining salts from the water to form a filter cake; a heater, for heating the water in the chambers; a condenser for condensing the water vapor; and a separator for separating the beads from the filter cake after the filter cake is released from the chambers.

Abstract: A granulation method may include feeding a graded powder into a granulator. The powder may have a particle size distribution (PSD) of at least 98% ?115 mesh and at most 50% ?200 mesh. The powder may have a PSD of at least 98% less than or equal to 4.2% of a median product particle size and at most 50% less than or equal to 2.5% of the median product particle size. The powder may have a PSD of between 40% and 80% between 3% and 6% of the median product particle size, between 5% and 30% between 2% and 4% of the median product particle size, and between 10% and 40% between 1% and 3% of the median product particle size. A liquid binder may be fed into the granulator. Wet granules may be discharged from the granulator and may have a moisture content of between 7% and 12%.

Abstract: A method for the additive manufacturing of inorganic crystalline materials, including: physically combining a plurality of starting materials that are used to form an inorganic crystalline compound to be used as one or more of a semiconductor, scintillator, laser crystal, and optical filter; heating or melting successive regions of the combined starting materials using a directed heat source having a predetermined energy characteristic, thereby facilitating the reaction of the combined starting materials; and allowing each region of the combined starting materials to cool in a controlled manner, such that the desired inorganic crystalline compound results. The method also includes, prior to heating or melting the successive regions of the combined starting materials using the directed heat source, heating the combined starting materials to facilitate initial reaction of the combined starting materials.

Abstract: Evaporative crystallization process to make salt compositions which comprises a step wherein a mother liquor is formed containing water and the salt to be crystallized and 1-5 ppm of an additive, based on the weight of the mother liquor, said additive being a water-soluble acrylic polymer, and a further step of evaporating the water to form crystallized salt.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for producing a granular material containing a metal oxide includes the steps of feeding a metal oxide sol that contains colloidal particles of a metal oxide as a dispersoid and water as a dispersion medium and that has a pH of 7 or higher, into an aqueous electrolyte solution, so as to aggregate the colloidal particles of the metal oxide, form aggregates containing the metal oxide in the aqueous electrolyte solution, and make the aggregates settle out in the aqueous electrolyte solution; and separating the aggregates from the aqueous electrolyte solution after formation of the aggregates. Thus, a highly productive method for producing a granular material containing a metal oxide can be provided.

Abstract: A CBN grinding particle included in a CBN grinding wheel has a single crystal CBN grinding particle having a tetrahedron construction and a multi crystal CBN grinding particle. The single crystal CBN grinding particle is blended with a ratio of equal to or more than 50% to a total summed volume of the single and multi CBN grinding particles. A CBN grinding wheel having the CBN grinding particle is especially suitable for rough grinding.

Abstract: A solute is precipitated from a solution of a solute, a solvent, and a non-solvent by preparing the solution and introducing the solution into a precipitation chamber contain a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: An inkjet printable media comprises a paper base containing a surface coating comprising calcium chloride and a synergistic amount of a sulfate salt. When the printable media is printed with an inkjet ink containing a black pigment, a KOD value of the printed media is equal to or greater than that of a comparative inkjet printed media comprising up to 12 kg calcium chloride/T media and lacking the sulfate salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods to increase the output of a high quality product from the precipitation liquor crystallization process exemplified through the aluminum hydroxide recovery processes such as the Bayer process. The invention is a method of increasing the size of precipitates from a liquor. The invention in one embodiment relates to the use of a crystal growth modifier compositions added to the precipitation process to increase the particle size distribution of the precipitated alumina trihydrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the destruction of chemical weapons. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for treating hydrolysates of chemical agents. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for heating solids resulting from precipitation of organophosphorus compounds to make them un-recombinable. In another embodiment, the invention relates to solidification of hydrolysate into a solid with or without the presence of an oxidizer.

Abstract: Low sodium salt compositions containing a blend of sodium chloride and one or more magnesium, sodium and potassium salts are provided. Also provided are methods for making and using the compositions. Further provided are food products containing the compositions.

Abstract: A magnesium treatment for removing water-soluble impurities in a process for making crystalline sodium carbonate, bicarbonate, or sulfite. A waste comprising such impurities is treated with a magnesium compound to form water-insoluble matter which is removed to form a purified solution. The treatment may be performed on a solution which contains the waste and optionally dissolved calcined trona. The purified solution may be used as a feedstock to form crystalline soda ash, and/or used as a reactant to produce crystalline sodium sulfite or bicarbonate via reaction with SO2 or CO2. In preferred embodiments, the waste may comprise a purge or weak liquor, a reclaimed solid, or combinations thereof. The water-soluble impurities may be silicates and/or foam-causing impurities, and the waste may contain sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and/or one or more sodium carbonate hydrates, such as decahydrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the purification of an ionic liquid by means of fractional crystallization in which a part of the ionic liquid is crystallized and the crystallizate formed is separated from the liquid remainder. In this respect the ionic liquid is charged with a certain amount of at least one entrainer substance.

Abstract: A method of crystallization is provided. The method includes providing a solution comprising a solute dissolved in a first solvent. The method includes providing a dispersion comprising a plurality of nanoparticles in a second solvent. The first solvent and the second solvent are mutually miscible. The method includes combining the solution and the dispersion to form a mixture. The nanoparticles remain dispersed in the mixture and the solute remains dissolved in the mixture at or below a saturation concentration. The method includes cooling the mixture such that the solute exceeds the saturation concentration forming crystals in the presence of the dispersed nanoparticles. The method includes separating the crystals from the mixture, wherein the nanoparticles remain dispersed in the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates ways to increase the output of a high quality product from the precipitation liquor crystallization process exemplified through the aluminum hydroxide recovery processes such as the Bayer process. The invention is a method of increasing the size of precipitated of a liquor. The invention in one embodiment relates to the use of a crystal growth modifier compositions added to the precipitation process to increase the particle size distribution of the precipitated alumina trihydrate.

Abstract: Process for preparing a cocrystal of an active substance and a cocrystal former, the process involving precipitating the active substance and the cocrystal former together from solution or suspension, in the presence of a supercritical or near-critical fluid, in particular using a GAS, SAS, SEDS or SAS-EM process. The invention also provides a cocrystal prepared using such a process, and its use as a seed crystal in a subsequent process for precipitating a cocrystal of an active substance and a cocrystal former.

Abstract: Provided are processes for the production of titanium dioxide from ilmenite. In these processes, ilmenite is digested with aqueous ammonium hydrogen oxalate. Iron from the ilmenite precipitates as a hydrated iron oxalate and is removed by filtering, leaving a titanium-rich solution. The titanium-rich solution can be further processed to form titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to encapsulation of crystallization solutions in pierceable reservoirs in order to prevent evaporation of the crystallization solutions, thereby allowing safe transport/shipping, from a workstation to another workstation, and safe storage of pre-filled microplates used to carry large number of vapor-diffusion crystallization experiments.

Abstract: An antibody that specifically binds a three dimensional epitope on the IC3 loop of a GPCR is provided. The antibody may be employed in a method that comprises: contacting a GPCR with a monovalent version of the antibody binding conditions to form a complex; and crystallizing the complex.

Abstract: A phosphorus recovery method and a phosphorus recovery system which can make equipment size small, and can be added easily also to an existing wastewater treatment facility, and can recover phosphorus by low cost, are provided. A phosphorus compound adsorption material includes a nitrogen containing compound which has an amino group at an end of molecular structure, a carrier supporting the nitrogen containing compound, and zinc ion or iron ion fixed to the nitrogen containing compound. After passing water to be treated containing phosphorus to an adsorption tower filled up with this phosphorus compound adsorption material to make phosphorus stick to the phosphorus compound adsorption material, a drug solution for desorption is supplied to the adsorption tower, and phosphorus is desorbed in liquid and is recovered.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for preparing nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, in particular rutile nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, comprising: (a) precipitating a mixture comprising hydrated titanium oxide and a separable filtering agent; (b) filtering the precipitated mixture to form a filter cake comprising the precipitated hydrated titanium dioxide and a separable filtering agent, (c) calcining the precipitated hydrated titanium oxide and separable filtering agent at a temperature of greater than about 300° C.; and (d) removing the separable filtering agent thereby recovering titanium dioxide particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates ways to increase the output of a high quality product from the aluminum hydroxide recovery processes such as the Bayer process. The invention is a method of increasing the size of precipitated aluminum hydroxide while not reducing the total production amounts. The invention relates to the use of a crystal growth modifier compositions added to the precipitation liquor to increase the particle size distribution of the precipitated alumina trihydrate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the controlled precipitation of organic molecules which comprises the use of apparatus that is normally used in the field of photography.

Abstract: In a synthetic method for porous silica crystals through a hydrothermal reaction, a method for synthesizing porous silica crystals with a size of 0.5 mm or larger in high reproducibility and efficiency is provided using a method for manufacturing the porous silica crystals, wherein a high concentration area with silicon is formed as a partial area inside a hydrothermal synthesis vessel, and at least a part of a surface-smoothed bulk material is present in the high concentration area with silicon to perform the hydrothermal reaction, the bulk material comprising a compound containing both silicon and oxygen as a supply source for a part or a whole of the structure composition elements of the porous silica crystals.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method of use for an inert gas rebreather used in furnace operations, such as melting and/or casting high purity silicon for solar cells and solar modules. The apparatus includes a process chamber, a reservoir in fluid communication with the process chamber, and a motive force device in fluid communication with the process chamber and the reservoir. Recycling or reusing the inert gas reduces operating expenses of the casting process while maintaining low impurity levels in the cast silicon.

Abstract: A process related to sodium chemicals production, including the processing of bicarbonate containing solutions obtained by solution mining of trona, nahcolite or wegscheiderite reserves and the lake waters containing bicarbonates, includes the steps of purification, evaporation-decarbonation, crystallization, centrifuging, and drying.

Abstract: Reactor vessel for an apparatus for forming particles of a target substance, includes: a first tube having an inlet end for receiving a supercritical antisolvent fluid and an outlet end for transmitting particles formed within the reactor vessel, and a second tube, coaxial with the first tube and having an inlet end for receiving a solvent containing a solute of a target substance to be precipitated and an outlet end within the first tube for allowing contacting the supercritical antisolvent fluid with the solvent. The reactor vessel may be easily scaled up by connecting the outlet end of each first tube of a plurality of first tube/second tube pairs to a single container for receiving the formed particles.

Abstract: A method for purifying a metal, which includes: a first step of holding a first molten metal containing impurities in a first crucible; a second step of immersing a first cooling body in the first molten metal held in the first crucible while letting a cooling fluid flow in the interior of the cooling body to crystallize a first purified metal on a surface of the cooling body; a third step of taking out the first cooling body with the first purified metal crystallized thereon from the first molten metal; a fourth step of holding in a crucible a second molten metal having an impurity concentration less than that of the first molten metal of the first step; a fifth step of melting the first purified metal crystallized in the second step and holding the molten metal in a second crucible together with the second molten metal held in the fourth step; a sixth step of immersing a second cooling body in the second molten metal held in the fifth step while letting a cooling fluid flow in the interior of the cooling bo

Abstract: A compact solid source of hydrogen gas, where the gas is generated by contacting water with micro-disperse particles of sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst, such as cobalt or ruthenium. The micro-disperse particles can have a substantially uniform diameter of 1-10 microns, and preferably about 3-5 microns. Ruthenium or cobalt catalytic nanoparticles can be incorporated in the micro-disperse particles of sodium borohydride, which allows a rapid and complete reaction to occur without the problems associated with caking and scaling of the surface by the reactant product sodium metaborate. A closed loop water management system can be used to recycle wastewater from a PEM fuel cell to supply water for reacting with the micro-disperse particles of sodium borohydride in a compact hydrogen gas generator. Capillary forces can wick water from a water reservoir into a packed bed of micro-disperse fuel particles, eliminating the need for using an active pump.

Abstract: A device and process for crystallizing a compound using hydrodynamic cavitation comprising the steps of mixing at least one stream of a solution of such compound to be crystallized with at least one stream of an anti-solvent and passing the mixed streams at an elevated pressure through a local constriction of flow to create hydrodynamic cavitation thereby causing nucleation and the direct production of crystals. The compound to be crystallized can be, for example, an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous recovery of free tartaric acid from raw materials containing potassium hydrogentartrate, the same are mixed with water and the potassium hydrogentartrate is dissolved. The process is improved in that the suspension is decanted, the clarified liquid is refiltered, the filtrate is cooled to crystallization temperature under a vacuum, the potassium hydrogentartrate crystals formed are dissolved, the solution is subjected to a cation exchange, and the tartaric acid solution obtained is evaporated.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of purifying a pesticide that includes: a) melting a pesticide, wherein the pesticide includes at least one active ingredient and at least one impurity capable of inhibiting crystallization; b) coating the pesticide on a substrate to form a pesticide particle; c) substantially reducing the amount of crystallization inhibiting impurity by an azeotropic method; and d) crystallizing the pesticide. In another embodiment, the present invention includes a method of purifying a pesticide as described above, such that the pesticide has a melting point of not more than about 90° C. Also included in the invention is the product produced by the above process for the pesticide, methyl N-(2-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl}phenyl)N-methoxy carbamate.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming particles of a target substance, comprising (a) co-introducing into a particle formation vessel, under controlled temperature and pressure, a supercritical or near-critical anti-solvent fluid; a first target substance in a first vehicle; and a second target substance in a second vehicle; and (b) using the anti-solvent to disperse the target substances in their respective vehicles and to extract the vehicles, substantially simultaneously and substantially immediately on introduction of the fluids into the particle formation vessel. The second vehicle is immiscible with the first, and contact between the first and second vehicles occurs a sufficiently short period of time before their dispersion by the anti-solvent, and with sufficient physical mixing, as to allow only insignificant, if any, phase separation to occur between the two vehicles between their contact with one another and their dispersion.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of granules from a liquid composition by spraying the liquid composition in the granulation zone of a granulating device onto or over solid particles present in the granulation zone that are being kept in motion, as a result of which these particles grow, and withdrawing a stream of particles from the granulation zone, yielding a stream of particles of the desired size, with a part of the air flow leaving the granulating device during granulation being returned to the granulating device. In this way only a small part of the air flow needs to be purified of the starting materials.

Abstract: A composition for reducing deposition of a mineral salt from an aqueous supersaturated solution onto a solid surface in contact with the aqueous supersaturated solution which composition comprises a dispersion of either (i) seed crystals of the mineral salt in an aqueous solution of the mineral salt or (ii) seed crystals of a salt isomorphous with the mineral salt in an aqueous solution of the isomorphous salt wherein the dispersed seed crystals are of Mean particle size of less than 2.5 microns.

Abstract: The invention relates to an evaporative crystallization process to make salt compositions that includes a step wherein a mother liquor is formed that contains an effective amount of a crystal growth inhibitor that is selected from oligopeptides, polypeptides, and polymers bearing two or more carboxylic acid groups or carboxyalkyl groups and optionally further phosphate, phosphonate, phosphino, sulfate, and/or sulfonate groups, such as carboxymethyl cellulose with phosphate groups, to form salt crystals with a (111) face. The salt can be washed with a reduced amount of washing water while still containing lower amounts of K, Br, SO4, and/or Ca. A wet salt can be obtained by partially drying the salt crystals that are formed.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming particles of a target substance, comprising (a) co-introducing into a particle formation vessel, under controlled temperature and pressure, a supercritical or near-critical anti-solvent fluid; a “target solution or suspension” of the target in a first vehicle; and a second vehicle which is soluble in the anti-solvent fluid; and (b) using the anti-solvent to disperse the target solution/suspension and the second vehicle, and to extract the vehicles, substantially simultaneously and substantially immediately on introduction of the fluids into the particle formation vessel, wherein the second vehicle is immiscible with the first, and wherein contact between the target solution/suspension and the second vehicle occurs a sufficiently short period of time before their dispersion by the anti-solvent, and with sufficient physical mixing, as to allow only insignificant, if any, phase separation to occur between the two vehicles between their contact with one another and thei

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a method for producing mixed crystals of disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate which comprises feeding a mixed solution of disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate which solution will become supersaturated at the below-mentioned constant temperature, to a solution or slurry of disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate charged in a crystallization bath (lower-temperature bath) and kept at a constant temperature, whereby mixed crystals of disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate are deposited from the mixed solution of disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate, according to which method 5′-GMP2Na which is difficult to handle due to the properties and powder characteristic of its crystals in particular and 5′-IMP2Na, in the form of crystals which are easy to handle, that is, I+G mixed crystals having a given I/G ratio, can be produced under simple process control and with inexpensi

Abstract: Process of crystallization of sodium bicarbonate from solution mined Nahcolite pregnant liquor comprising the use of from about 2 to 100 parts per million of lecithin, introduced full strength, made miscible in water with a soap or detergent, saponified with NaOH at a pH of 10-12, or preferably as a mixture of lecithin in pregnant or barren liquor containing HCO3−/CO3= ions at a pH in the range of from about 8 to 12, preferaby 8-10. The lecithin functions as a crystal growth modifier, producing improved crystal yields, product size classification, improved crystal shape including reduction in dendritic, branched and twinned forms, very significant scale reduction, reduction in wet cake moisture, increase in product bulk density, reduction in both oversize and undersize fractions (the classification phenomenon) and less breakage during drying and handling.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for producing films of a composite comprising a metal oxide in combination with one or more other oxides or metals as a third component, or a composite comprising a metal oxide doped with metal ions as a third component, methods for producing titanium oxide coating layers having transparency, low peeling property and weather resistance, which are comparable to or even more excellent than those of conventional ones, as well as surface hardness comparable to that of coating films produced by using sintering, on plastic substrates, and methods for producing titanium oxide which exhibits photocatalytic activity even with light of visible light range. These methods do not require a treatment at a high temperature.