Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since the pressure space of the cylinder is bisected into a vacuum state and a pneumatic state to alternately form a pressure difference, it is possible to generate the kinetic energy of the piston and convert the kinetic energy into other necessary energy.

Abstract: An aircraft environmental control system includes a bleed air input and a RAM air input, heat exchanger means for receiving bleed air from the bleed air input and RAM air from the RAM air input and using the RAM air to cool the bleed air, and ejector arranged to receive bleed air from the bleed air input at a nozzle shaped to reduce the pressure of the received bleed air such as to create a low pressure area in the ejector. The ejector has a port arranged such that ambient air is drawn into the ejector due to the low pressure area in the ejector. The ambient air is mixed with bleed air to provide mixed air that is further pressurised and conditioned and combined with the cooled bleed air provided to the aircraft.

Abstract: A fuel injection system of a gas turbine includes a first pilot nozzle injecting fuel in a first flow rate range, a second pilot nozzle injecting fuel in a second flow rate range that is greater than the first flow rate range, a main nozzle injecting fuel in a third flow rate range that is greater than the second flow rate range, a first valve opening or closing a first supply pipe fueling the second pilot nozzle, a second valve opening or closing a second supply pipe fueling the main nozzle, and a controller selectively opening any one of the first supply pipe and the second supply pipe or opening or closing both of the first supply pipe and the second supply pipe by reflecting a change in altitude and thus applying control signals to the first valve and the second valve.

Abstract: A downhole tool includes a slip member having an actuation surface, a bracing surface and an engagement surface. The slip member is pivotable about a pivot axis such that it can move between retracted and extended configurations. When the slip member is in the extended configuration, the engagement surface engages a bore wall. The downhole tool also includes a wedge member that has a wedge surface. The wedge member and the slip member are configured to move relative to each other such that the wedge surface of the wedge member engages the actuation surface of the slip member to cause the slip member to pivot about the pivot axis.

Abstract: A hydraulic pump assembly comprises a rotatable piston drum (20) with at least one centrifugal lever (23) pivotally attached thereto for radial movements between radial flanges (20?) under the action of centrifugal force at rotation of the piston drum. The centrifugal lever (23) is arranged to control the position of a valve member, preferably a ball (22), at the opening end of a bore (21) in the piston drum (20). There is a defined friction surface (28; 32) between the lever (23) and one of the radial flanges (20?), and there are spring means (29-31; 25, 33) for resiliently biasing the lever against said one of the flanges.

Abstract: A system for regulating pressure in a fluid supply pipe, including a valve operated by a double acting piston cylinder and in which the chamber of the cylinder, the pressure of which acts on the piston to move the rod in the direction for closing the valve, communicates with the transmission mechanism for transmitting the instantaneous hydraulic pressure at a point of the pipe. The chamber of the cylinder, the pressure of which acts on the piston to move the rod in the direction for opening the valve, is connected to an energy accumulator accumulating energy in the form of pressurized gas at a predetermined pressure P0, which can be regulated.

Abstract: A method of positioning an inlet guide vane assembly before start-up of a chiller system including a compressor, a condenser, and a cooler is provided including receiving a first input form sensors located in the cooler and the condenser. A saturation temperature is calculated based on the input from the sensors. A second input indicative of a minimum speed of a motor coupled to the compressor at start-up is received. Using the calculated saturation temperature and the second input, an allowable position of the inlet guide vane assembly is determined. The inlet guide vane assembly is then moved to the determined allowable position.

Abstract: A vapor compression refrigeration cycle system includes a compressor and an electronic expansion valve connected between first and second refrigerant ports of a compressor. An expansion valve controller is configured to control a flow of refrigerant through the expansion valve in response to a superheat temperature of the refrigerant. The controller is configured to execute a first control algorithm until a local maximum of the superheat temperature occurs, and then to execute a second control algorithm.

Abstract: A pneumatic controller configured to regulate the opening and closing of a controlled device in response to a measured variable, such as temperature. The pneumatic controller includes a sensor providing an output proportional to the measured variable as well as a gas supply inlet and a gas outlet. A pneumatic relay is disposed between the inlet and the outlet for regulating the pressure of gas passing through the inlet to the outlet to the controlled device. A pneumatic actuator system is connected to the relay and regulates the relay via cooperation between an inflatable bladder and a pneumatic pilot circuit in the relay. The pneumatic actuator system includes a first electric microvalve which selectively permits passage of a gas into the inflatable bladder and a second electric microvalve which selectively permits passage of a gas out of the inflatable bladder in response to a digital controller connected to the sensor.

Abstract: The device includes a pressure-reducing chamber arranged immediately upstream of an air conditioning diffuser. It includes a shutter which pivots about an axis and which tends to reduce the useful area of the diffuser in question, under the action of a counterweight.The air introduced into the chamber, by means of a normally open motorized damper, exerts on one of the faces of the shutter, a pressure which tends to oppose the effect of the counterweight and tends to increase the useful area of the diffuser.A sensor which serves as a stop during the opening of the shutter, reacts on the motorized damper to tend towards a balance of the forces applied on the shutter, for a particular area of diffusion defined by the position of the sensor.The displacement of the sensor, operated by an ambient thermostat for example, enables the variation of the airflow by changing the free area of circulation.The speed of circulation is practically constant and depends on the counterweight acting on the shutter.

Abstract: In a VAV terminal local control loop including a bellows controlled orifice in which the bellows inflation is controlled by a bleed thermostat, a signal is produced indicative of terminal satisfaction/dissatisfaction which can be used in controlling the air handler. Specifically, the position of the opening in the bleed plate is detected and compared with the position of the bleed plate permitting the maximum amount of conditional air to be supplied by the terminal to the zone. A signal indicating whether or not the bleed plate is in the maximum bleed position is generated which can be used to furnish information for controlling the air handler.

Abstract: A pneumatic subbase for modifying the operation of a pneumatic thermostat is disclosed having a first nozzle to be connected to a source of main pressure, a second nozzle for supplying branch output pressure to the device being controlled, a third nozzle connected through the subbase to the first nozzle for supplying main pressure to a thermostat and a fourth nozzle connected to receive the output from the thermostat, the subbase having a dwell relay therein for providing a dwell in the branch output pressure of the second nozzle as a function of the pressure received from the thermostat at the fourth nozzle.

Abstract: A dual thermostat apparatus includes two thermostats which generate fluid control signals proportional to room air temperature. The thermostats are matched leakport pressure sensors having a signal orifice and a bimetal lid element to generate back pressure signals linearly related to temperature. The bimetal elements have adjustment cams to set the reference position with respect to the orifice. The cams are connected to a common shaft and dial to provide simultaneous and opposite readjustment with respect to the reference pressures. The signals are applied to separate signal chambers of the duplex relay, with a pressure regulator connected to the heat signal chamber to limit the operative pressure level of the heating signal to a selected maximum switchover pressure. The duplex relay controls a pressure supply valve for supplying a proportional pressure signal to a common output line to pneumatic operators of a heating valve and a cooling valve.

Abstract: An adjustment mechanism for adjusting the maximum flow rate of conditioned air in an air distribution system controlled by a pneumatic control circuit. An air bladder controls the distribution of air, and the pressure is bled from the bladder under the control of a diaphragm against which pressure is fed back from the downstream side of the bladder. The control orifice through which the bladder pressure is exhausted is formed in the end of an exhaust tube that is axially adjustable. A cam and set screw arrangement serves to extend and retract the exhaust tube to move the control orifice toward and away from the diaphragm for adjustment of the maximum flow rate.

Abstract: A thermostat construction having a valve unit for directing a pneumatic signal to a pneumatically operated control device in relation to the force differential between the temperature sensed by the temperature sensing unit thereof and the temperature setting of a temperature setting unit thereof, a lever being pivotally mounted to the construction and being operatively interconnected to the valve unit at a first portion of the lever and to the temperature setting unit and the temperature sensing unit at a second portion of the lever.

Abstract: A detector for sensing the compressor inlet temperature of a gas turbine engine and for producing an output pressure signal which is used by the fuel control of the engine. The magnitude of the output signal is determined by the position of a valve which changes positions in response to changes in temperature. The response time of the detector is made faster by causing a feedback pressure which acts on the valve to initially change at a slower rate than the output pressure (i.e., to lag the output pressure) when the output pressure changes as a result of temperature variations. The invention can be incorporated either in a self-contained sensor or in an add-on unit which can be retrofitted to existing sensors having relatively slow response characteristics.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for providing reset action in a controller, having an averaging circuit for supplying a pilot signal which is the average of an input signal and a feedback signal, a relay having an input connected to receive the pilot signal for providing an output signal which bears a predetermined relationship with the pilot signal, the output signal being connected in a feedback circuit to supply the feedback signal to the averaging circuit, and a capacity which is either connected to the feedback circuit to delay only the feedback signal or connected between the averaging circuit and the relay to delay both the output signal and the feedback signal. The input signal may be a controller output such as a control variable and the output signal may be used to control a control element such as a condition affecting the control variable.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus of an air conditioner for automobiles, which comprises a blower for feeding air through a cooling unit and a heating unit disposed in an air passage, an air mix door for controlling the amount of air passing through the heating unit, an actuator for actuating said door, a negative pressure source for applying a negative pressure to said actuator through a controller, a sensor emitting a negative pressure signal in response to the temperature in a cab of an automobile and a regulator emitting a negative pressure signal in response to the change of the position of said door, wherein the output negative pressure signal of the temperature sensor is compared with the output negative pressure signal of the regulator by said controller and a negative pressure is applied to the actuator according to a deviation between said two output signals to control the degree of opening of said air mix door so as to maintain the temperature in the cab at a substantially constant level.