Abstract: A method of heating a greenhouse by means of an immersed water-bed (basin) which act as a heat radiator sit underneath the complete surface of the cultural soil; this immersed water-bed (basin) filled with gravel is heated by means of hot water or steam heating coil.

Abstract: A low mass hydronic radiant floor heating system for heating a room by circulating a liquid includes a metal deck having a plurality of regularly spaced troughs to provide structural strength. The deck is adapted to be secured directly to a plurality of floor joists. Tubing is placed in the troughs to distribute heat by circulating warm liquid through the tubing. The troughs of the metal deck support structural floor loads while providing a housing for the tubing. Flat portions of the deck between the troughs distribute heat laterally.

Abstract: A heat exchanger construction for melting snow, heating buildings or objects and transferring solar heat. The construction embodies a flexible, multilayered, reinforced composite hose embedded in or affixed to a slab or other body. The composite construction combines the advantages of metal, extruded rubber and plastic piping to produce substantial durability, pressure rating, resistance to oxygen permeation, temperature tolerance, and corrosion resistance, while remaining extremely flexible and thus easy to install. Three embodiments are described and illustrated.

Abstract: A manifold which is useful in receiving a heated liquid such as warm water from a suitable source and for distributing that liquid to a plurality of floor heat exchangers and for receiving liquid from the heat exchangers and returning that liquid to the source. The manifold includes a plurality of separate manifold elements that can be stacked adjacent one another, each element having a first and second chamber. The first and second chambers of the elements together define first and second distribution vessels within the manifold. Each manifold element includes inlet and outlet ports communicating with the respective distribution vessels for carrying liquid to and from the heat exchangers. The manifold elements desirably are integrally formed from plastic or other material exhibiting a coefficient thermal conductivity of less than 1.0 kcal/M h .degree.C.

Abstract: A linear panel unit for use on walls or ceilings capable of providing radiant heating and/or cooling. The panels have an external panel shell, which itself can be used as a passive panel, an extruded aluminum radiator panel resting in the shell with outward side in contact with the shell and an inward side in contact with a copper tube capable of containing fluids of varying temperature. Clips between bilateral troughs in the sidewall of the panel shell and the inward side of the radiator panel secure contact between rediator panel and the shell. The copper tube is grasped by projecting channel walls in the inward side of the radiator panel which also are tapered to facilitate positioning of the clips and a groove near the intersection with the radiator panel to secure placement of the clip. A panel unit wall or ceiling is created by interspersing radiant linear panels with identically appearing passive panel shells, the copper tubes of the active radiant panel units communicating with one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement in an interior panel (2) or the like having a rearwardly located space through which air which has been heated is arranged to flow, to eliminate the radiation of cold from a wall, a floor or the like. In accordance with the invention, the space is confined and divided into at least two thin air cavities (4,5), by means of an intermediate plate (3) which extends parallel to the interior panel (2) and which comprises a material having good heat-insulating properties. The heated air is arranged to be circulated in the air cavities, around the intermediate plate. A heater is provided for heating the air passing to the air cavity (4) adjoining the interior panel, to a temperature of at most some few degrees above the room temperature. A fan (10) is controlled by an air flow control regulator (10') which is actuated by a thermostat (14) which compares the temperature of the air as it moves out of the inner space (4) with the intended room temperature.

Abstract: An energy efficient system for controlling the environment in a greenhouse. The system includes an infrared heater, having a burner, a heat disbursement means and an exhaust means, and a layer of reflective and insulative material selectively deployable below the roof and inside the walls of the greenhouse to retain heat within the greenhouse, to prevent excess heat from the sun from entering the greenhouse and to reflect light into the greenhouse from the sun. The system also includes an air-to-water heat exchanger, connected at the exhaust end of the heater, that transfers heat from the heater's exhaust to water used in the greenhouse. The heated water is stored in an underground tank. A series of connected pipes, in communication with the tank, are set into the floor of the greenhouse to circulate the water through the floor to remove excess heat from the water.

Abstract: System for controlling the temperature of rooms of a building by frame elements consisting of metal uprights and cross-beams, for example for building openings, such as windows and doors, in which with fluid conducted in a pipe line (1) running through the hollow interior space of the uprights and cross-beams, the faces facing the interior of the building of the frame elements are controlled in temperature by indirect heat transfer. The indirect heat transfer occurs between the pipe lines (1) and the heat transfer profiles (5) formed by the frame elements by engagement of the pipe line (1) on heat conducting contact surfaces (6) which are connected in one piece over crosspieces (7) for heat conduction with the heat transfer profile (5).

Abstract: An energy efficient system for controlling the environment in a greenhouse. The system includes an infrared heater, having a burner, a heat disbursement means and an exhaust means, and a layer of reflective and insulative material selectively deployable below the roof and inside the walls of the greenhouse to retain heat within the greenhouse, to prevent excess heat from the sun from entering the greenhouse and to reflect light into the greenhouse from the sun. The system also includes an air-to-water heat exchanger, connected at the exhaust end of the heater, that transfers heat from the heater's exhaust to water used in the greenhouse. The heated water is stored in an underground tank. A series of connected pipes, in communication with the tank, are set into the floor of the greenhouse to circulate the water through the floor to remove excess heat from the water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a foot warmer for use in a car which is located at the floor of the car, the foot-warmer comprises a concave groove formed in a meandering form on one surface of a heat insulating material; a heat radiating sheet connected to the surface on which the groove is formed; and a tube disposed in the groove so as to transfer the heat of water flowing therein to the heat radiating sheet, wherein cooling water is heated by an engine and then is circulated through the tube into the foot warmer. In the foot warmer, although the groove may be provided in a meandering form, a plurality of parallel spaced grooves may be also formed on the heat insulating material in place of the meandering groove. In this case, the tube has portions exposed from the sides of the heat insulating material and, at the portions, is bent in a U-shaped form.

Abstract: A device for melting snow and ice from outdoor surfaces is disclosed in which a plurality of mats are provided. Each mat includes lengths of hose tubing in which flows a warmed mixture of water and antifreeze, which mixture is heated by a heating unit operatively connected with the mats through appropriate supply and return lines. The mats themselves are grouped into three classes: Driveway mats, walkway mats, and sidewalk mats, all of which may be arranged to adapt to many different outdoor surface configuration. Most of the mats are also provided with a set of three valves which are used to control the flow of mixture, so that mats down-line may either be supplied with the mixture or may be cut off from it, so that selected surface areas may be warmed to have the snow and ice thereon melted. Each mat is further comprised of an upper mat portion and a lower mat portion, where each portion is made up of three separate layers designed to conserve as much heat energy as practicable.

Abstract: A heat exchange mat comprises at least a pair of mat members respectively including a heat exchange element and arranged side by side with their one side edges opposed, an elongated link member acting as a partition and linking between the opposed side edges of the mat members while allowing the interior of the respective members to communicate with each other at one longitudinal end of the link member, and means for supplying and discharging a heat exchange fluid to one of the mat members and out of the other member through supply and discharge tubes provided close to each other, the means being mounted to the mat at the other end of the link member, whereby substantially uniform thermal distribution overall the heat exchange mat is attained with remarkable improvement in the heat exchanging efficiency at its installing place.

Abstract: A system for tempering a room is accommodated in a closure of said room, preferably in the floor. On the side of the closure facing away from the room an insulating plate (103) is located, which possibly has projections (18) arranged in the direction of the room. On the side facing the room a wall or floor covering (6) is foreseen. In the interspace between the insulating plate (103) and the outer layer (6), possibly between the projections (18), air can be circulated and a heating and/or cooling line (1) extends, said heating and/or cooling line being at least partially in connection with a thermal conductive sheet (17). The total surface of the thermal conductive sheet (17) exposed to the air flow is about twice as large at the surface of the thermal conductive sheet (17) which directly envelopes or contacts the line (1) and which is exposed to the air flow.

Abstract: A unit heater for heating large volume premises. The heater includes a motor-ventilator unit mounted vertically in an expansion enclosure open at its upper and lower ends. Air is drawn downwardly through this expansion enclosure across a lower outlet orifice and a convex central bottom in the lower end of the enclosure. Air distribution is directed across fins with adjustable orientations. The heat exchange unit includes spirally-wound electric heating resistors, hot fluid radiators, or other equivalent means.

Abstract: A liquid surface-heating arrangement for heating floors is comprised of a plurality of heating tubes arranged and secured in relatively wide longitudinal passages formed as recesses in heat-isolating elements which form the primary layer of the floor. The heating tubes are arranged in the longitudinal passages so that they do not project upwardly from the upper surface of the heat-isolating elements and upon the application of the floor finish onto the floor primary layer all the channels receiving the tubes are entirely filled with the finish.

Abstract: The system for controlling the temperature of a room, which comprises at least one duct provided in a surface of the room, especially in the floor, and at least one temperature-controlling device extending in this duct whereby the air can be circulated through this duct, provides for at least one baffle (3) in the duct (4) which deflects or diverts the air from its main direction of flow defined by the connection of the intake opening with the discharge opening. The duct (4) can be limited on the side facing the room by a covering made of heat-conducting or heat-retaining material. In a particularly suitable embodiment the temperature-controlling device (1) is disposed in the duct (4) in the form of a cable or hose; its outside diameter--or the outside diameter of a heat-conducting plate (27, 27') which preferably encompasses the device at least partly and which is in particular at least partially black--is slightly larger than the distance between the alignments of the baffles (3).

Abstract: A furnace for burning sawdust wherein combustion of the fuel is complete and recovery of heat of combustion is high, which incorporates an aspirator for controlling combustion of the fuel and for secondarily recovering heat from the products of combustion, and additionally for cleaning the exhaust gases. The invention incorporates primary and secondary heat exchange chambers.

Abstract: A heating system including a hollow body having a part of a low pressure and low temperature heating circuit therein. The hollow body has a plurality of parallel juxtaposed fluid channels formed by a pair of spaced thermoplastic wall members connected by webs to form the channels. A plurality of the channels are connected to an inlet manifold and to an outlet manifold whereby the flow of fluid in said channels is parallel over substantially the complete area of the wall members.

Abstract: A solar heating system for supplementary heat in a building and preheating a supply of domestic water which collects significant quantities of heat at low temperatures to provide an efficient system which minimizes heat loss. A water preheating system is disposed within a larger solar enclosure to provide higher temperatures to preheat water with high efficiency. The structure of the building, i.e. the basement or crawl space, is used to store heat, thereby eliminating the need for bulky heat storage devices and reducing capital investment. High efficiency is afforded by the low temperature differentials which significantly reduce radiant heat loss.

Abstract: A double floor with framed floor plates of heat-conductive and/or heat storage materials, particularly a mineral material such as anhydrite in a metal vat-shaped outer armature. A system of pipes carrying a heating or cooling medium is held in heat-conductive contact with the bottom surfaces of the framed floor plates.

Abstract: Low grade heat is supplied to heat air which is used to provide an insulating sheath for a building or the like. The low grade heat is obtained from the ground below the hard frost line from either air or water, or from solar collectors, biomass or any other suitable source of such heat, and is used to heat air which is then circulated in a space within the walls of the building, thereby maintaining the internal temperature within the walls at approximately 45.degree.-65.degree. F. The air insulating sheath so provided reduces the driving force which takes heat out of the building in winter and which permits heat entry in summer. The energy required to bring the internal building temperature to a comfortable degree in winter or summer is thereby drastically reduced, as is the cost associated therewith.

Abstract: The subject invention is a movable solar panel apparatus adapted for slidable movement from areas outside of a building to areas inside such building; the invention comprising a generally spatial zone constructed inside the building generally adjacent a floor or ceiling area. Inside the spatial area are longitudinally extending guide members affixed on each side, such guide members being adapted to receive a longitudinally extending solar panel member adapted to move inside such internal spatial area, and then outside of the building to collect solar heat.

Abstract: A network of adjacent aggregate containing mesh bags provides structural support to the slab or floor of a building. The network, encased in a sheath of plastic film, also functions as a path for air to be directed by a blower. The openings within the network are filled with gravel, sand or earth packs. At the perimeter of the network an air return system leads to the interior of the building. Thus, the blower can circulate air from the building interior through the network and air return system and back into the interior. Air circulating in the network can undergo heat exchange through the plastic film at the interfaces of the slab, the packs, and the underlying ground. Peripheral ground insulation minimizes lateral heat transfer. Preferably the aggregate containing mesh bags have indexing means to indicate their respective heights from above as they rest on a supportive planar surface.

Abstract: A heating system for an inhabitable enclosure having a first heating system that maintains a first temperature in the absence of persons in the enclosure and a second heating system that maintains a second elevated temperature using outside fresh air with control means to detect the presence of a person in the enclosure to energize the second system.

Abstract: A shaped mounting module for a liquid-type panel heating system is provided on which a heater pipe is mounted by means of discrete holder devices. In one embodiment, the panel is provided with a grid of flanges for supporting the heater pipe above the surface of the panel. In another embodiment, the panel is provided with a plurality of protrusions having their upper surfaces approximately level with the top of the mounted heater pipe to form a plurality of intersecting channels through which the heater pipe passes. Each of the holder devices has a plurality of opposite paired axially symmetrical openings formed by a plurality of axial symmetrical fingers having recesses therebetween. The heater pipe is either pressed into or passed through a selected pair of openings during assembly of the heating system. The holder devices are affixed to the panel either during the panel forming process or by adhesive bonding of the base into circular depressions on the panel during assembly of the heating system.

Abstract: A kind of radiating floor board is disclosed which radiates heat. The floor board has a stratified structure comprising a metallic surface plate, a depressed metallic tube for hot water circulation located meanderingly under the plate, a heat insulating material and a base board.

Abstract: Apparatus for climatizing a building comprising means including elements of a structural frame adapted to provide a portion of a facade for such building, at least a portion of said elements being hollow, said hollow elements being formed to provide for movement therethrough of fluid for supplying heat thereto or extracting heat therefrom, means for the delivery of fluid to and for the direction of fluid from said hollow elements, and said hollow elements being arranged for the mounting of facade elements to extend in bridging relation thereto and to be conditioned thereby.

Abstract: A channel beam is characterized by a base portion having upper and lower surfaces thereon with first and second legs depending from the lower surface thereof. A cross piece is disposed between the first and second legs and cooperates with the legs and the lower surface of the base portion to define a region adapted to carry a heat transfer fluid. End caps are provided at the ends of the channel beam to enclose the region and define an enclosed interior volume. Each channel beam is adapted for interconnection with a next-adjacent channel beam such that the upper surfaces thereof define a substantially continuous surface area useful as an athletic playing area. The interior volume of each next-adjacent channel beam may be interconnected through inlet and outlet means so as to define a continuous heat transfer fluid conduction path beneath the athletic playing area so that heat energy incident on the surface area may be transferred to the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Platform paddle tennis court including suitable base support structure, marginal enclosing taut screening and a platform deck. This deck may be made up of a plurality of parallel, hollow deck panels extending in one of the directions of transversely and longitudinally of the usual court area and defining at least one section or one of a plurality of sections, which may constitute a deck portion margined on one side by the central transverse net line. Each deck panel is substantially rectangular in cross section and defined by lateral top and bottom sheets and laterally-spaced upright side sheets of heat transfer material successively connected together along meeting corners thereof in substantially fluid-tight joints for defining together an elongated, hollow, tubular duct-defining interior.

Abstract: The heater is in the form of a hot water carrying pipe coil supported on a suitable base, such as a sub-floor, and having spaced parallel pipe ducts interconnected by pipe bends. A pair of parallel supporting laths, preferably in the form of flat bars, are fixed on the sub-floor in spaced relation to the opposite side walls of a room to be heated, and circularly curved members are secured to the laths at spacings therealong equal to the spacing between the pipe ducts, the curved members on one lath being staggered longitudinally relative to the curved members on the other lath. The connecting bends of the pipe coil are looped around these curved members, which latter thus serve as a pipe laying gauge. Stop members are secured to the laths in spaced relation to the free ends of the curved members to form, in effect, troughs for the connecting pipe bends.

Abstract: An apparatus for the storage of thermal energy and for the distribution of such thermal energy to the interior of a building. The preferred system utilizes prestressed, precast concrete decking panels with hollow cores through which a fluid conducting conduit extends to form a grid within the decking panels. Selected cores have spaced ports communicating with face surfaces of the panels to provide an air flow passage through the selected cores. Fluid from a primary heat storage is controllably circulated through the conduit so that the fluid and the panels provide a secondary storage as well as a heat radiator for continuous even heating while the air flow passages permit forced or gravity flow heating of air for rapidly compensating for an extreme or sudden heat loss.

Abstract: A metal building with an integrated hot water heating system includes a heater for heating water, pipes connected between the heater and heating grids in the floor of the building and the structural columns and beams of the frame of the building for circulation of hot water through the frame and floor of the building to heat the building primarily with radiant energy, wherein a substantially uniform temperature is maintained throughout the building, and a savings of up to 70% in energy required to heat the building is realized.

Abstract: In a building heating system having a furnace, the instant invention incorporates a furnace enclosure for spacedly enclosing the furnace, an inlet air duct for conducting fresh air to the enclosure space for supporting combustion in the furnace, a combustion products outlet duct extending from the furnace, radiant heating duct means extending from the combustion products duct in radiant heat exchange relation with building space, and flue means communicating with the radiant heating duct for exhausting flue gas.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a dwelling structure includes a floor heating structure including copper piping embedded within a concrete slab having insulation thereunder, having hot water circulated to the concrete slab conduits from a solar cell unit arranged along an upright outer wall of the dwelling at an elevation substantially beneath the floor heating structure and with a hot water containing reservoir vessel located at an elevation substantially above the floor heating structure in flow series in closed circuit for flow from the vessel to the floor heating structure downwardly to a lower portion of the solar cells and upwardly from an upper portion of the solar cells to the reservoir vessel, by heat convection flow, the solar cells being arranged substantially along the upright outer wall of the dwelling, and the individual cells being cylindrical rotatable cells rotatable around the elongated axis thereof, adapted such that the angle of incidence of sunlight rays is adjustable intermit

Abstract: A built-in combination cooling and heating device for a residential building comprising peripheral wall members, a floor member and a ceiling member which are high thermally conductive and define a room of said residential building, an outer jacket surrounding said room defining members in a peripherally spaced relationship to the members to define an annular air space therebetween and having a hole in the center of the funnel-shaped lower end portion and the conical upper end portion provided with exhaust ports, a heater disposed in said center hole of the outer jacket lower end portion, a tunnel provided below said floor in communication with said center hole, a porous heat radiation plate suspended from said floor member right above said heater, a cooler suspended from the center of said upper end portion of the outer jacket, a porous cooling air dispersion plate suspended from said upper end portion of the outer jacket and a ventilator provided in the attic defined between the roof of said building and up

Abstract: A hydronic heating system that includes a tube or series of tubes placed on modular composite panels. The panels are fabricated with a grooved surface to permit the flush embedment of the tubes on the panels.