Abstract: A cross-tie for a railroad rail assembly and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the cross-tie includes a plurality of recycled tire treads stacked along one of the width and height dimensions of the cross-tie, and secured to one another via an interposed adhesive material.

Abstract: A cross-tie for a railroad rail assembly and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the cross-tie includes a plurality of recycled tire treads stacked along one of the width and height dimensions of the cross-tie, and secured to one another via an interposed adhesive material.

Abstract: A cross-tie for a railroad rail assembly and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the cross-tie includes a plurality of recycled tire treads stacked along one of the width and height dimensions of the cross-tie, and secured to one another via an interposed adhesive material.

Abstract: A cross-tie for a railroad rail assembly and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the cross-tie includes a plurality of recycled tire treads stacked along one of the width and height dimensions of the cross-tie, and secured to one another via an interposed adhesive material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a railroad crosstie made from used tires. The tires are cut radially and the sidewalls are removed. Longitudinal and lateral cuts along the inner surface are preferably made to facilitate flattening. Opposing inner surfaces are joined as sets and then stacked and bundled to form a railroad crosstie.

Abstract: Railroad ties may be refurbished or have their usable life extended by overwrapping with fibrous reinforcement containing a cured matrix associated with the fibers. The ties may be machined prior to overwrapping, and are preferably sawn along their length, and conduit inserted into channels machined therein prior to adhesively bonding the sawn portions together. The conduits may be used to provide signal and power cable passages with lessened likelihood of damage thereto.

Abstract: A plurality of elongated, substantially planar, elastomeric members are assembled together in a stack such that the members are generally aligned with each other. The members are made of tire treads. An elongated, substantially planar, rigid first plate is positioned on top of and aligned with the stack of members. An elongated, substantially planar, rigid second plate is positioned beneath and aligned with the stack of members. Fastening apparatus is provided for holding the first plate, the second plate and the stack of members together. The fastening apparatus includes bolts or rivets which penetrate the plates and the stack of members, forming a non-perpendicular angle with a longitudinal axis of the members. An anchoring apparatus is provided for anchoring a first rail to a first end of the crosstie, and for anchoring a second rail to a second end of the crosstie.

Abstract: Turbulence in a wall-bounded fluid flow field having a turbulent wall region characterized by a system of roll pairs extending in the direction of flow, and propagating structures interacting with the system of roll pairs, is controlled by introducing into the turbulent flow, a disturbance that changes the character of the propagating structures directed at an inclined angle to the direction of flow. Where the disturbance increases the amplitudes of the propagating structure, turbulent mixing or heating is increased; and when the disturbance decreases the amplitude of the propagating structure, the turbulent drag is decreased.

Abstract: A combination railroad tie for supporting railroad track rails on a ballast or concrete roadbed. The main body portion of the tie is wood, having a rectangular cross section and a flat upper and lower surface. A plurality of flat plastic plies made of shredded wood fibers or wood chips bonded together by a thermal setting resin are, in turn, bonded to the upper and lower surfaces of the main body portion.

Abstract: A composite railroad tie of structurally distinct components adhesively joined in layers to form a unit. At least one of the components being of high density phenolformaldehyde bonded particleboard manufactured in a platen press with heat. At least two elements disposed close to and parallel the broad surfaces are composed of lumber with grain direction oriented parallel the long axis. A remaining centermost element, affixed to the above two lumber elements, is relatively non-critical, being selected from lumber or particleboard of adequate shear and compressive strength on the basis of availability, cost, ease of treatment with preservative, etc.

Abstract: An improved railroad tie member is formed of two wooden half-ties which are secured together with one or more reverse threaded bolts arranged in parallel with the tracks. The bolts are preferably inserted in the tie halves whereby the bolts may be turned to resecure the two halves while the tie assembly is installed in the track.