Abstract: The present invention provides for an ice-nucleating particle for cloud seeding and other applications, which can initiate ice nucleation at a temperature of ?8° C. Further, the ice nucleation particle number increased continuously and rapidly with the reducing of temperature. The ice nucleating particle in the present invention is a nanostructured porous composite of 3-dimensional reduced graphene oxide and silica dioxide nanoparticles (PrGO-SN). The present invention also provides for a process for synthesizing the PrGO-SN.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining a seeding effect area and a non-seeding effect area in accordance with a wind system according to the present invention can use numerical simulation data, radar precipitation data, and ground precipitation data to systematically specify the steps of determining the seeding effect area and the non-seeding effect area in accordance with the wind system. Moreover, the method according to the present invention can easily divide the seeding effect area and the non-seeding effect area according to the physical properties of clouds and quantitatively verify the effectiveness of artificial precipitation experiments conducted by purpose in the future.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for seeding a cloud cell, comprising means for conveying an active substance and means for delivering said active substance. In order to comply with standard and safety requirements, said device comprises aerostatic means that cooperate with the means for conveying said active substance. The invention further concerns a system for seeding a cloud cell, comprising a seeding device according to the invention and a remote electronic entity capable of communicating with said device via communication means over a wired or wireless link.

Abstract: An aeronautical car includes a ground-travel system including a drivetrain; an air-travel system including a detachable portion configured to house a propulsion device configured to provide thrust and to be driven by the drivetrain when the detachable portion is connected to the aeronautical car, and at least one flight mechanism configured to provide lift once the aeronautical car is in motion; and a weather manipulation device. The weather manipulation device may be configured to manipulate at least one aspect of a weather condition while the aeronautical car is in the air.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for generating low altitude clouds saturated with moisture above bodies of water including oceans, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers to generate rain down wind of the location of rain cloud generation.

Abstract: The system uses a specifically modified spray assembly to spray electrically charged fluid below selected clouds so that an updraft carries the charged fluid into the cloud and induces precipitation. The size, charge, and design of the sprayers are specifically designed to elicit precipitation.

Abstract: An aeronautical car comprises a ground-travel system including at least one traction device, an air-travel system including at least one flight mechanism configured to be selectively moved between a first position when the aeronautical car is in a driving mode and a second position when the aeronautical car is in a flying mode, and a weather manipulation device. The weather manipulation device may be configured to manipulate at least one aspect of a weather condition while the aeronautical car is in the air.

Abstract: This invention concerns an aircraft propulsion system in which an engine has an engine core comprising a compressor, a combustor and a turbine driven by a flow of combustion products of the combustor. At least one propulsive fan generates a mass flow of air to propel the aircraft. An electrical energy store is provided on board the aircraft. At least one electric motor is arranged to drive the propulsive fan and the engine core compressor. A controller controls the at least one electric motor to mitigate the creation of a contrail caused by the engine combustion products by altering the ratio of the mass flow of air by the propulsive fan to the flow of combustion products of the combustor. The at least one electric motor is controlled so as to selectively drive both the propulsive fan and engine core compressor.

Abstract: A system for use in inducing rainfall is provided. The system includes an aircraft configured to travel through an ambient environment at a first temperature, and a precipitation system coupled to the aircraft. The precipitation system is configured to form a particle from a substance in the ambient environment, and is configured to discharge the particle at a second temperature lower than the first temperature such that moisture in the air condenses on the particle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fog-generating device comprising a reagent (1), ignition means (2), a reservoir (3) containing a fog-generating material (4), and a heat exchanger wherein gas generated by ignition of the reagent (1) drives fog-generating material from said reservoir to said heat exchanger. Further it relates to a removable housing for a fog-generating device comprising a reagent and a reservoir containing a fog-generating material, wherein in that said removable housing further comprises means to allow transmission of an ignition signal from said fog-generating device to said reagent. The invention further provides the use of said device and/or removable housing for the generation of fog, in particular to protect against intruders and physical treat by persons. In a particular embodiment, the fog-generating device of the present invention or the removable housing therefore comprises depressurizing means (18).

Abstract: Disclosed are a warm cloud catalyst, a preparation method and an application thereof. The warm cloud catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: plant powder/plant ash/plant carbon powder 80-120 parts; surfactant dry powder 0.5-5 parts or a surfactant solution 15-32 parts; and a thickening agent 2-10 parts. All the components of the catalyst are easily wettable. The plant powder/plant ash/plant carbon powder is used as a dispersing agent and a vapor condensation nucleus; the surfactant can reduce surface tension of some cloud droplets and facilitate combination of the cloud droplets with other cloud droplets upon collision, so as to expand the cloud droplet spectrum; the thickening agent can absorb water and continuously expand to become large droplets in cloud. The catalyst is non-corrosive, is not easily agglomerated, is easy to store, produce and process, and is safe and nontoxic, available in material, and convenient and simple in use.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are directed to a system including a tracer delivery device and a detector. The tracer delivery device is operative to emit a tracer including at least one of a terpene and a terpene alcohol into air. The detector is operative to detect the tracer in the air. In one or more embodiments, the tracer may include limonene mixed with isopropyl alcohol (LIPA). The corresponding detector may consist of a photoionization detector. The use of LIPA results in no emissions of global warming or environmentally dangerous chemicals, and the LIPA may be measured by photoionization with high sensitivity and in almost real time.

Abstract: This invention consists of a unique apparatus and system consisting of devices, materials and methods specially engineered to perform high precision and smart cloud seeding by the dispersion of micro and nanoparticles of sodium chloride and similar chemistry compounds at specific locations with the purpose of rain induction and related applications. A safe and precise unmanned aerial vehicle UAV device instrumented with portable thermometer, hygrometer, barometer, anemometer and 3D visual register will scrutinize these internal cloud climate parameters. By means of these real time measurements and communications, a meteorological ground operating team is enabled to perform the data acquisition and processing from the clouds. This device and system be enabled to select the locations suitable for rain induction and perform on site accurate particulate seeding dispersion from a device mounted on the same UAV within the eligible clouds.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method of delivering fuel to an aircraft engine 60, which involves providing a plurality of distinct fuel sources 20, 22, a first fuel source 20 comprising a first fuel having a first aromatic content and a second fuel source 22 comprising a second fuel having a second aromatic content. One or more ambient atmospheric condition is determined for at least a portion of a flight path of the aircraft, said condition being indicative of a likelihood of contrail 135 formation by the engine 60. A desirous fuel composition for combustion by the engine is determined based upon the one or more ambient atmospheric condition and a ratio of the first and second fuels from said respective fuel sources is selected according to said desirous fuel composition. The selected ratio of the first and second fuels is delivered to the aircraft engine 60.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for destabilizing and reducing the strength and even destroying tornadoes are disclosed. Rather than over-powering a tornado, tornado vulnerabilities in stability maintenance are identified and turned against the tornado. Embodiments include attacking tornado vulnerabilities chemically without the use of explosives. Selected chemicals are introduced into a tornado adjacent to the wall of the funnel, advantageously above the height of entrained debris, to reduce the transmission of local angular velocity of the funnel toward the earth and to attack the local generation of energy from the tornado's air/water mixture.

Abstract: A system and method is described generally for providing a high altitude structure including an elongated structure coupled to the ground and extending skyward. The elongated structure at least partially supported by buoyancy effects, the elongated structure including at least one lumen, the at least one lumen configured to transport at least one material and to vent the at least one material to the atmosphere. The system and method also include a gas having a density that is less dense than that of the atmosphere outside of the elongated structure; the gas is disposed in one or more voids of the elongated structure. The system and method includes the use of an introducer configured to provide the gas into the one or more voids. The system and method further include a payload coupled to the elongated structure and being held aloft by the elongated structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hail warning and prevention. An automated method of wide-ranging anti-hail protection including reception of sky proper radiothermal emission in M sites, its comparison with corresponding thresholds, generation command signals to detonate combustible gas and to direct shock waves upwardly to the sky, generation and transmission alert signals, reception of transmitted alert signals in each M sites, comparison with proper code-signals of that site and setting alert operational mode of sonic generator. An automated network of anti-hail protection including M hail preventing sonic set in M sites of anti-hail protection area any of which comprises an antenna, a radiometric receiver, a controlled compensation device, a controlled multi-channel threshold system, a warner a transmitter, a receiver, a code-signal comparison device, a first controlling switcher, a controlled single-channel thresholder and a second controlling switcher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for reducing electromagnetic pollution (1) which measures the electromagnetic radiation amount in the environment, and enables to reduce radiation when the radiation amount exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: This invention describes a system whose operation can change the track and intensity of atmospheric storms. The invention uses arrays of wind turbines which are being built for power generation. Using existing atmospheric and storm tracking models, calculations of a storm track may be determined to establish a baseline track calculation. The storm track may then be calculated for a number of permutations where various groups or individual wind turbines are curtailed (e.g., feathered). The optimal storm track may be determined based on damage estimate calculations. Signals may be sent to individual or groups of wind turbines to curtail the turbines to alter the track of the tropical storm.

Abstract: A system for facilitating cloud formation and cloud precipitation includes a controller and a beam emitter that is responsive to the controller. The beam emitter is configured to emit a beam to form charged particles within an atmospheric zone containing water vapor. The charged particles enhance the formation of cloud condensation nuclei such that water vapor condenses on the cloud condensation nuclei forming cloud droplets. The system further includes a sensor configured to detect a cloud status and output a signal corresponding to the cloud status to the controller.

Abstract: A method is generally described which includes environmental alteration. The method includes determining a placement of at least one vessel capable of moving water to lower depths in the water via wave induced downwelling. The method also includes placing the at least one vessel in the determined placement. Further, the method includes generating movement of the water adjacent the surface of the water in response to the placing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and system for accelerated dissipation of a tropical cyclone and/or a hurricane specifically as it makes a landfall in order that its strength and access to further geography are significantly reduced in an irreversible manner. A storage tank and pipeline-based system for forcefully dispensing large amounts of cool dry air into the landfalling cyclone and/or hurricane system is the key embodiment proposed herein by which large scale dilution of the cyclone/hurricane fuel (vapor) is achieved. Other embodiments suggest augmenting this system with dry air drawn from adjoining arid or desert territories, and introduction of seeding materials or cloud condensation nuclei.

Abstract: In like manner that winds intersect and deflect each other in space we can intersect and deflect the hurricanes and storms at the area of thrusting between their steering winds and their outer edge, with blasting explosion waves of non-nuclear high-power propellant fuel missiles thrown in vertical perpendicular alignment, against the routing of the steering wind current at N equal number of levels, first for testing a 300 pounds missile thrown, by adequately equipped air-vehicles for missiles launching, to observe the effect on the hurricane configuration, then decide to adjust the explosive quantity to thrust successfully, all blasts of each round of missiles should be detonated in a timely manner, then continue the rounds of explosives at intervals approximately similar to the time required by the prior blast to travel twice the diameter of its explosion, repeating as necessary, hitting always at the thrusting area until achieving success.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a mass of water vapor includes a water film maker and a device which prevents the water film maker from drifting. The water film maker floats on a surface of a water source and absorbs water of the water source by virtue of a capillary mechanism or a moisture-holding ability to make a thin water film on a surface of the water film maker. The thin water film is exposed to sunlight. The water film maker comprises a first hollow body capable of being filled with air, and a sheet having said capillary mechanism or having said moisture-holding ability, said sheet covering said first hollow body. Water in the thin water film is vaporized by sunlight energy to thereby produce a mass of water vapor in the sky.

Abstract: A procedure for moderating the intensity of a hurricane in regions of the seas that are host to the oil and gas industries is described, using the Gulf of Mexico as an example of such a region, and snow-making machines as the instruments for carrying out the procedure. These machines are carried on moving platforms that follow the hurricane and on fixed platforms that are located in the path of the hurricane. In the described procedure snow-making machines are installed on fixed platforms throughout the region, and only those machines that are in the path of an approaching hurricane are turned on, while the snow-making machines on the moving platform(s) are operating continually.

Abstract: An apparatus for inhibiting the formation of tropical cyclones, comprising an elongated rigid tube through which cooler water is pumped from below to the near-ocean surface, thereby depriving incipient tropical cyclones of the heat energy they require for further development. The tube contains a pump comprising a fixed flap valve and a movable flap valve. The movable flap valve is attached to a drive disk encircling the tube at a depth where ambient waters have little vertical motion. The wave-driven vertical motion of the elongated tube causes the movable flap valve to oscillate with respect to the fixed flap valve, thereby pumping seawater upward onto the near-ocean surface. The apparatus also can navigate to alternative locations by means of a propulsion/steering system, and it can submerge to a safe depth to avoid oncoming vessels and potentially damaging seas. A fleet of apparatuses is required to provide the necessary cooling effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an artificial freezing apparatus and a freezing method therefor. The present invention includes a supporter for vertically moving a water ice maker over and under the surface of water; and the water ice maker for producing an ice while being vertically moved by the supporter and to fall down thus-produced ice into the surface of water. In accordance with the present invention as described above, the present invention can separate some from the water and expose it to the atmosphere to naturally freeze the separated water and return thus-produced ice to the surface of water to thereby accelerate the freezing process on the surface and thus make some ice on the surface when it is difficult to ice, and creating various additional effects such as preventing global warming, preserving ecosystems and the like.

Abstract: Modification of tropical storms or hurricanes by mixing the upper layer of a section of a body of water with water from a lower section of the body of water. Rapidly mixing the warmer upper layer with the cooler lower layer cools the surface of the water, thereby reducing the amount of heat energy available to fuel the intensity and movement of storms. By cooling selected sections of water, the frequency, intensity or direction of storms may be altered. In one embodiment of the invention, a bluff shaped object is attached to a submarine to facilitate rapid mixing of the upper and lower layers of the body of water.

Abstract: A method and system for protection against natural temperature-dependent dangerous phenomena connected with huge streams mainly water, mud, locust. The method allows weakening these streams and allows protecting against these dangers at least at of the first two stages of development of said phenomena: forming these masses and their moving, as far as possible. The method allows protecting ecology and increasing CO2 absorption. The system allows also transporting the electrical energy that is received from solar radiation with help of solar cells flying in stratosphere to ground-based reception stations.

Abstract: The invention provides and systems, materials, and methods for environmental modification using climate control materials. Climate control materials may be applied locally and may have various material properties that may alter a local albedo and/or evaporation rate, and thereby affect the local environment. Climate control materials may also be reversible. The climate control materials may be deployed in different manners.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing intensity of a cyclone over water. The apparatus includes a body having buoyancy sufficient to float in a fluid and a conduit extending from the body into water to an inlet at a depth where the water has a temperature of at least forty degrees Fahrenheit below that of water at the surface. The apparatus includes a pump in fluid communication with the conduit for drawing water from the depth and a sprayer operatively connected to the pump for spraying droplets of water drawn from the depth into air above the water.

Abstract: Self-initiated cooling of the troposphere occurs by enriching the same with at least one substance from the group of inorganic chloride and bromide compounds. The substances used to this end are characterized by at least one of the properties: -gaseous, -vaporous below 500° C., -hygroscopic, -hydrolysable. The formation of the substances used to this end is further characterized in the process in accordance with the invention by at least one of the steps: -forming the substance using salt water electrolysis, -forming the substance outside of combustion processes, -forming the substance in the free troposphere.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the mitigation of rotating wind storms. A preferred embodiment creates a rising column of warm air through the use of a heater combined with a fan or compressor. The rising column of warm air is created directly in the path of a naturally occurring rotating wind storm to help alleviate an atmospheric imbalance and to cool the surface of the Earth and the surrounding air which effectively robs the oncoming naturally occurring rotating wind storm of the warm air it needs to build strength. As a result, there is less energy available to facilitate the growth and destructive ability of the natural rotating wind storm where the Earth was cooled by the man-made column of warm air.

Abstract: This invention is about an efficient, but simple method and apparatus designed to break-up/annihilate disastrous natural phenomena, like typhoons, tornadoes, cyclones or hurricanes in the forming and deployment stages, on ground or on sea, by using a controlled implosion principle, which absorbs forced and fast air and water as displaced by typhoons, tornadoes, cyclones or hurricanes; the method and apparatus can be employed on sea, on ground or in the air.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for weather modification. The apparatus comprises an emitter electrode, means for providing the emitter electrode with an electric charge, electrically coupled to the emitter electrode, an insulating support for supporting the emitter electrode at a predetermined height, and means for earthing the apparatus. The emitter electrode comprises a Malter film. According to another aspect of the present invention an apparatus for weather modification is provided, which comprises a lighter-than-air craft suitable for carrying an emitter electrode, means for providing the emitter electrode with an electric charge, electrically coupled to the emitter electrode, and means for earthing the apparatus. According to still a further aspect of the present invention, a method of increasing the amount of precipitation in a target region is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of weakening a hurricane. In one aspect of the invention, hurricane development is weakened by identifying pre-hurricane systems and inducing rainfall therein. In another aspect of the invention, a hurricane is weakened by disrupting the inner winds surrounding the hurricane's eye with a water-absorbent substance such as oatmeal. In another aspect of the invention, the hurricane is weakened by cooling the air in front of the hurricane system.

Abstract: A method is claimed to provide experiential nonlocal real time interaction between or among a participant or participants, observer or observers, participant-observer or participant-observers, and phenomenon or phenomena by means of presentation of sensory information or semantic mapping, by direct observation or using sensory or semantic representation for example by imaging methods or technology including without limitation, image projection over a distance, e.g.

Abstract: A method for producing elongated, rotating, dynamically controllable, cyclostrophically balanced, fluid virtual siphon columns, wherein: the term fluids covers any media capable of flow, including particulates; the fluid/s can be a single medium or a mixture of materials capable of flow; the fluid/s entrain such flow in themselves and/or other fluid/s preferably by means of initialising near axially-fed outwardly spinning, centrifugal, upward motion with coherent convection, thus creating largely self-sustaining, rising updraft, rotational, cyclostrophically balanced fluid virtual siphon columns of considerable length. Such columns can be made visible by means of condensed water, bubbles, smoke or particulate matter and may be illuminated for greater visual effect. Other uses for employing such controllable upwardly flowing fluid columns are explored.

Abstract: The invention concerns environmentally compatible methods and apparatuses for local modification of atmosphere, and in particular, for causing precipitation, dissipating fogs and/or clouds, removing air-pollutants in a target area. SUBSTANCE: the method involves applying air ionizers (1a, 1b, 1c) to generate ion flows into atmosphere to form convective flows and/or spatial charges. To control characteristics of the ion flow, it is proposed to use one or multiple air ionizers (1a, 1b, 1c) provided with variable-inclination electrode working cells. EFFECT: wide application of an air ionizer (1) with variable layout (inclination angle) of the electrodes in weather condition modification over a target area.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of limiting sea level rise. In a first step heat that would otherwise cause thermal expansion of the ocean and resultant sea level rise is extracted to produce energy. The energy is used to convert a portion of the liquid ocean water to the gaseous elements hydrogen and oxygen by the process of electrolysis. The ocean level is reduced by the volume of water converted to gas. The hydrogen is captured for use as an energy source and is transported to a desert to be recombined with resident oxygen to produce energy and water for irrigation.

Abstract: The apparatus for producing a mass of vapor water includes a water film maker floating on a surface of a water source, the water film maker 1 absorbing water of the water source by virtue of capillary mechanism or moisture-holding ability to make a thin water film on the surface, the thin water film being to be exposed to sunlight, and a device for preventing a plurality of the water film makers arranged on the surface, from drifting. Moisture absorbed in the thin water film is vaporized by sunlight energy to thereby produce a mass of water vapor in the sky. The mass of water vapor is heated by an apparatus for heating atmospheric air, including a plurality of heaters each having a colored surface, to thereby cause the mass of water vapor to climb with the result of artificial stimulation of rain.

Abstract: By efficiently lowering a water temperature of a sea surface to thereby suppress an evaporation of a water vapor from the sea surface by lowering the water temperature of the sea surface, a generation of an atmospheric depression is prevented or its strength is weakened. Further, by suppressing a rise of the sea surface temperature, a generation of a red tide or a blue tide is prevented or reduced.

Abstract: The method of gradual weakening of moving hurricane which prevents to gain in maximum energy and some means useful at protection against hurricanes and global warming weakening are offered.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for weakening a storm uses liquid or solid nitrogen. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing liquid nitrogen enclosed within at least one container, dropping the container into a storm, and dispersing the liquid nitrogen from the container starting at the top of the storm, whereby the nitrogen cools and therefore weakens the storm. In another embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing solid nitrogen pieces each sized to melt and evaporate in the time it takes to fall from the top of a storm along a major portion of the height of the storm and dropping the solid nitrogen pieces into a storm, whereby the melting and evaporating nitrogen cools and therefore weakens the storm.

Abstract: The method of interrupting a tornado comprises the step of locating an area of ongoing tornadic activity. Ultra-cold substance is then released at low altitudes in the area of ongoing tornadic activity. In preferred embodiments, the ultra-cold substance is delivered to the area of ongoing tornadic activity by an airplane. The ultra-cold substance is preferably liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a permanent and prosperous solution to both human global warming (˜0.26 to 0.74° F.) as well as natural global warming (˜7 to 9° F.). It simultan-eously employs all three of the physical laws to thermostatically regulate Earth: Macro solar energy reflection; sequestration of absorbed solar energy; and, enhanced infrared radiation from Earth. Temporal and spatial macro aerosol water evaporation is employed to triple-cool Earth's surface, by way of: 1. Low-altitude atmospheric and oceanic vapor-cooling and/or macro storage of artificial snow; 2. Automatic ascension of lightweight water vapors to high-altitudes for enhanced water-phase-change infrared radiation from Earth, and; 3. Increased cloud coverage to reflect more incoming solar energy.

Abstract: A method and device for suppressing the destructive force of a tropical cyclone, wherein the ascendant speed of wind in the eyewall of a cyclone is reduced by sea water pumped on-site from under the sea surface to above the surface, and then dispensed in the wind at the bottom of the cyclone in/near its eyewall.

Abstract: A storm may be calmed by cooling the surface of a body of non-stagnant water when the storm passes over that body of water. Optionally, the water may be cooled by circulating the water to bring cool water up from below the surface to cool the surface water. Optionally, the wind of the storm may be used to provide power to drive a pump to circulate the water. Alternatively, a liquid in a container may be mixed by placing a wind-powered pump in the container and exposing the pump to wind.

Abstract: The invention provides method for treating a tropical cyclone, a tropical storm or a tropical depression. The method includes reducing unloading of cloud parcel water in the tropical cyclone, tropical storm or tropical depression. In a preferred embodiment, unloading of cloud parcel water is accomplished by seeding with cloud condensation nuclei, such as sub-micron ammonium sulfate particles. The treatment is preferably applied to the lower parts of peripheral clouds in the tropical cyclone, tropical storm or tropical depression below the 0 C isotherm level.

Abstract: The invention describes and claims a method of interrupting a tornado. As the first step, an area of ongoing tornadic activity is located. Ultra-cold substance is then released at low altitudes in the area of ongoing tornadic activity. In preferred embodiments, the ultra-cold substance is delivered to the area of ongoing tornadic activity by an airplane. The ultra-cold substance is preferably liquid nitrogen. In alternative embodiments, detonation of explosives may be used in leu of or in conjunction with the use of the ultra-cold substance to interrupt a tornado.