Abstract: An assembly for isolating and protecting the head and shaft of sprinklers from the surrounding soil, vegetation and external impacts, once it is installed into the ground. The assembly including a tubular chamber having an upper opened end and a lower threaded opening that allows the connection of the sprinkler with the water supply, the dimensions inside the tubular chamber are enough for a user's hand to manipulate the sprinkler shaft. This assembly further includes a retention ring mounted into a shield member that in turn is mounted to the tubular chamber and kept in place by a locking mechanism. The sprinkler shaft is housed inside the tubular chamber while the sprinkler head is protected in a recess defined by the inner lateral wall of the shield and a rubber gasket.

Abstract: A spray chamber has a spray system and a ventilation system. The spray system includes a compressor and stationary spray jets that are positioned 360° about a user, from head to toe. The spray system operates in a spray mode and a drying mode. In the spray mode, the composition is sprayed onto the user through the spray jets in the form of a mist. In the drying mode, air is blown through the jets to dry the user. The spray chamber also has a shower spray. In the rinse mode, chlorinated water is emitted from the shower spray to disinfect the spray chamber. The ventilation system includes exhaust fans that operate in the drying mode to draw air and remnant spray mist into a ventilation housing. The spray is un-filtered to maximize the exhaust of air and remnant composition from the spray booth. The remnant spray condenses on the walls of the ventilation system to create droplets that are siphoned by a sump pump as waste to a sewer system.

Abstract: A lawn irrigation sprinkler head that internally incorporates an alert and retrieval device which indicates the position of the head if damaged, and facilitates in-situ repair of the damaged head. The sprinkler head has a hollow body containing a pop-up riser connected to a nozzle. The alert and retrieval device is positioned between the base of the riser and the nozzle. Should the nozzle become damaged or dislodged, the alert device telescopically extends from the riser and signals the location of the damaged sprinkler head. The device facilitates the repair of the head by lifting the riser from within the sprinkler head so that a replacement nozzle can be attached. In an alternative embodiment the alert device has an integral shut-off valve which prevents the discharge of water in the event that a subsequent irrigation cycle occurs before the damaged head is repaired.

Abstract: In this design of a garden sprayer, a foot pump and the tank of a sprayer are connected to a common base. The tank is pressurized by stepping repeatedly on the foot-operated air pump, pushing air through the airline of the foot pump, then through an air inlet in the upper section of the tank. The built up air pressure in the tank pushes the liquid in the tank out through the sprayer hose, then through the sprayer nozzle when the nozzle valve is opened.

Abstract: Sprinkler head spacer systems for preventing a sprinkler head from being positioned too close to a sidewalk or curb. The spacers include a body and attachment fingers for attachment of the spacers to a sprinkler. Various styles are disclosed, including some in which the fingers are detachable from the body. In other versions the spacing between the fingers is adjustable to accommodate sprinklers of different diameters.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to irrigation devices, and, more specifically, to wall mounted irrigation systems for compost. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a compost irrigation system is provided, including a first wall and a second wall defining a first compost compartment. The compost irrigation system also includes an irrigant source, a first nozzle mounted on at least one of the first and second walls and arranged to direct an irrigant into the first compost compartment, and an irrigant flow system fluidly connecting the irrigant source to the first nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying surfaces is equipped with a piston rod centrally arranged in a feeding duct. The piston rod has an impact plate which is held by a spring in a position aligned with the surface to be sprayed. As a result of liquid pressure, the impact plate arrives in a second end position at a distance from the surface to be sprayed in which. As a result of a ring gap on an input side around the piston rod, the impact plate becomes a deflecting part for the spraying liquid exiting in a ring shape, which, in a circular spraying cone directed at a flat angle with respect to the surface to be sprayed, is then emitted onto the surface to be sprayed.

Abstract: A sprayer device includes a post having an upper portion for supporting a hose, and having a tip formed in the lower portion for engaging into ground. A foot pedal has an opening for receiving the post, and for moving the foot pedal along the post to the required position, and has a peripheral edge for engaging with the post and for forcing the post into the ground when the foot pedal is moved downwardly by users. The post includes an orifice formed in the upper portion for receiving the hose or a coupler. A hose receiver device may be attached to the post for receiving the hose.

Abstract: A controlled irrigation system can include a control device for determining whether to irrigate soil and at least one irrigation structure having an actuator for controlling water flow. The actuator can be communicably coupled to the control device for delivering water to irrigate a region. The controlled irrigation system further can include at least one time domain reflectometry sensor (“TDRS”) located in the soil and communicably coupled to the control device for measuring soil moisture where the control device determines whether to irrigate the soil based on data from the at least one TDRS. Additionally, a method for controlling an irrigation system can include providing multiple TDRS's having probes, distributing each TDRS at a different soil depth, measuring soil moisture content, and irrigating soil based on the measuring step.

Abstract: An adjustable riser for adjusting the elevational position of an irrigation sprinkler with respect to the surrounding ground level and/or with respect to the height of surrounding vegetation to be irrigated. The riser includes a movable cartridge within an internal bore of a housing having a plurality of catches outwardly projecting from the exterior wall of the cartridge and adapted to resiliently snap into or out of notches carried on the inner wall surface of the bore movably supporting the cartridge. The sprinkler is carried on a tube for discharging water while the opposite end of the tube includes an impact plate against which water pressure from the supply impinges. Upon impact, the tube with the sprinkler is forced upward within a housing against expansion of a spring, which normally urges the tube and sprinkler into a storage position within the housing.

Abstract: An underground irrigation system which has a controller with multiple inputs, that is, more than one common wire. More zones can be irrigated with this system than would be possible using a comparable total number of wires in conventional irrigation systems.

Abstract: A hollow bar is provided in a bathroom and connected with a faucet 10 and a shower head 1. The hollow bar comprises a slide bar 3 for the hook 2 of the shower head or a grip bar 15 for a user. Water treating material such as a filter medium, ion exchange resin and ceramics is placed in the hollow bar and water jetted from the faucet 10 passes the water treating material in the hollow bar. The water is treated by the water treating material and the treated water is guided to and dispensed from the shower head.

Abstract: A rotary sprinkler system for both above-the ground and pop-up rotary sprinkler systems that controls the rate of nozzle rotation is disclosed. To maintain a relatively constant and controlled nozzle rotation, one or more chamfered spokes are included on the turbine of the sprinkler system. This turbine configuration together with a stator assembly that regulates fluid flow to the turbine control nozzle rotation despite variations in fluid flow. In particular, the chamfered spokes counteract the spin of the turbine in direct relation to the amount of water that bypasses the driving blades of the turbine.

Abstract: A system for providing a predetermined minimum spacing between a sprinkler head and a sidewalk, curb or the like when installing a sprinkler head in a lawn or other landscaped area. The system includes a spacer or guide which can be attached to the sprinkler head at the time of installation. The spacer includes an inner portion and an outer portion which is intended to be positioned adjacent to (or in close proximity to) the edge of a sidewalk or curb. The width of the spacer determines a minimum distance of spacing between the sprinkler head and the sidewalk or curb. The spacer may include a vertical tab to assure that the spacer is sufficiently far below the ground surface that it will not be contacted by a lawn edging tool. Use of the spacer assures that there will be sufficient spacing between the sprinkler head and the sidewalk, etc. for a lawn edging tool to be used there without damaging the sprinkler head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the effective precipitation rate of an irrigation sprinkler during an irrigation cycle without disrupting the supply of pressurized water from the source opening and closing the inlet to the sprinkler riser at timed intervals through the use of a flow stop valve assembly disposed at the base of the riser, and which includes a lost motion piston and cylinder assembly and first and second flow control devices which control the time the flow stop valve is in the open and closed conditions during the irrigation cycle.

Abstract: A sprinkler head assembly comprised of a base located at the upper end of a riser tube and which base carries a screen allowing for distribution of water. In accordance with the present invention, a control valve is located directly at the sprinkler head assembly. In one embodiment, the sprinkler head assembly may constitute a shrub or stationary head connected to the upper end of the riser tube. In this embodiment, the control valve would be preferably located in the body of the base of the stationary sprinkler head. In another embodiment, the sprinkler head assembly constitutes a pop-up sprinkler head and the control valve would be located in the pop-up shaft forming part of that sprinkler head. In still another embodiment of the invention, a retrofit coupling or adapter may be provided and which would be located between a riser tube and a sprinkler head forming part of that assembly. In this case, the adaptive coupling would include the control valve.

Abstract: In a system for coating human skin, a coating composition, such as a cosmetic or medical formulation, is uniformly coated over the entire body or selected parts of the body of the person being coated. The system includes atomization of the coating composition, containment of the atomized spray, and residual recovery which together yield a novel method for applying coating compositions.

Abstract: A spray chamber has a spray system and a ventilation system. The spray system includes a compressor and stationary spray jets that are positioned 360° about a user, from head to toe. The spray system operates in a spray mode and a drying mode. In the spray mode, the composition is sprayed onto the user through the spray jets in the form of a mist. In the drying mode, air is blown through the jets to dry the user. The spray chamber also has a shower spray. In the rinse mode, chlorinated water is emitted from the shower spray to disinfect the spray chamber. The ventilation system includes exhaust fans that operate in the drying mode to draw air and remnant spray mist into a ventilation housing. The spray is un-filtered to maximize the exhaust of air and remnant composition from the spray booth. The remnant spray condenses on the walls of the ventilation system to create droplets that are siphoned by a sump pump as waste to a sewer system.

Abstract: A pop-up sprinkler of the type that includes a riser that moves upwardly out of a sprinkler housing when water pressure is applied and that allows manual adjustment of the angular orientation of the riser with respect to the housing to adjust angular orientation of the spray from the sprinkler, and provides for such angular adjustment by having a toothed flange associated with the riser in the housing which engages tabs associated with the housing, provides for longer life of the toothed flange and/or the tabs by providing slots extending radially inwardly in the toothed flange to reduce its rigidity to the extent that the teeth and/or tabs do not wear as quickly.

Abstract: The adjustable arc spray nozzle allows adjustment of the spray arc, the radius, and flow of the water spray provided by the nozzle. The nozzle includes a top member, a base member, and a discharge orifice defined therebetween. A rotatable external upper collar controls the radius of the pattern, an internal helix member controls the arc of the spray pattern, and an internal flow adjustment screw and an optional rotatable external lower collar control the flow of the nozzle.

Abstract: A sprinkler head housing encloses, supports, and provides access to a sprinkler head in order to allow maintenance and access to the sprinkler head. The sprinkler head housing includes a top and a wall descending therefrom. The sprinkler head housing can accommodate sprinkler heads having differently sized diameters.

Abstract: A pop-up sprinkler assembly includes a cylindrical housing having a cap on an upper end thereof, the cap having an opening, a lower end of the cylindrical housing having an internal thread for attachment to a source of pressurized water. A stem is mounted in the cylindrical housing with a spring radially between the stem and the cylindrical housing for normally biasing the stem to a retracted position within the cylindrical housing. The stem is extendable through the opening in the first cap to an extended position when water under pressure is supplied to the cylindrical housing. The stem has a threaded upper end to which an alternative sprinkler head is attached. An adapter housing is received over the cap and secured to the cylindrical housing, the sprinkler housing having an open upper end, the adapter housing having a diameter sufficient to receive the alternative sprinkler head when the stem is in the retracted position.

Abstract: A drain system for watering plants using run off water from air conditioning units and the like. The system includes a first and second container for water storage, tubing, pump, timer, pump controller, filter, pressure reducer, and emitters for watering the plants. The system can be used to water home lawns or business' planters. The system does not require additional water usage from the user; it merely recycles the drain off from an air conditioning to make the water usable for plants.

Abstract: A sprinkler head assembly comprised of a base located at the upper end of a riser tube and which base carries a screen allowing for distribution of water. In accordance with the present invention, a control valve is located directly at the sprinkler head assembly. In one embodiment, the sprinkler head assembly may constitute a shrub or stationary head connected to the upper end of the riser tube. In this embodiment, the control valve would be preferably located in the body of the base of the stationary sprinkler head. In another embodiment, the sprinkler head assembly constitutes a pop-up sprinkler head and the control valve would be located in the pop-up shaft forming part of that sprinkler head. In still another embodiment of the invention, a retrofit coupling or adapter may be provided and which would be located between a riser tube and a sprinkler head forming part of that assembly. In this case, the adaptive coupling would include the control valve.

Abstract: A spray application system is disclosed having an enclosure with a spray chamber a spray applicator within the chamber and at least one liquid barrier within the chamber, disposed upstream or downstream of the spray applicator. The liquid barrier may take the form of a sprayed water curtain. The water forming the liquid barrier is preferably sprayed in a downward direction to create a vacuum for drawing the treating substance downward into the liquid barrier. Each liquid barrier is also preferably disposed so that it does not contact the workpieces as the workpieces pass through the chamber, the workpieces instead passing above each liquid barrier. Independent pressure gauges and flow regulators may be used for the upstream liquid barrier the downstream liquid barrier and the spray applicator.

Abstract: A fountain which allows interaction by the viewer which alters the fountain's water display. An apparatus and method are disclosed wherein a person viewing the fountain may provide a control indication which causes the fountain display to vary. The preferred embodiment uses an ultrasonic sensor to determine the height of a viewer's hand above a sensor and the water pressure delivered to the fountain is adjusted according to position of the viewer's hand. The invention may use a single or a plurality of sensors to control different groups of jets thereby allowing a large variety of fountain design options.

Abstract: A protective device for a riser connected to an underground water pipe and sprinkler head attached at a top portion thereof includes an elongate hollow body member having an upper portion with an upper opening and a lower portion with a lower opening, each opening being defined by a rim on respective upper and lower portion. The body defines an interior space for housing a riser and sprinkler head therein and has a lower portion including a pair of slots formed therein for fitting the body over an underground water pipe, and an upper portion further including a concave hood member extending laterally outwardly and downwardly of the rim of the upper opening and defining a cavity. The hood member has a lower edge portion for engaging a ground surface to limit downward travel of the device. The slots have an open lower portion and an arcuate upper portion for engaging the upper surface of an underground water pipe.

Abstract: A flashing article for sealing out and draining away moisture from all types of stucco coated exterior wall surfaces, and for impeding the ingress of termites, rodents, and other animal infestation, having a generally flat sheet of a rigid material having a first section, a second section extending from and angled with respect to the first section, and a third section extending from and angled with respect to the second section, the third section having at least one aperture defined therein, and a hollow tube that passes through the aperture. A perforated conduit for distributing a pesticide or other fluid is carried by the second section and fastened to a conduit connector which extends through an aperture in the third section to provide access for injection of the pesticide.

Abstract: In a dispense tip adapter system, an adapter unit provides for compatibility between high-performance dispensing needles and conventional dispensing pump systems. The dispensing pump includes an outlet through which dispensed material is delivered, and includes an output body with alignment pins extending therefrom and first threads about the body. The dispensing needle includes a longitudinally-disposed body and neck, the body and neck including a longitudinal port providing a path for delivery of the dispensed material through the dispensing needle. The body of the dispensing needle includes an outer surface that is keyed for angular positioning of the needle with respect to the pump. The adapter includes an alignment plate, and index plate and an adapter nut. The alignment plate comprises a plurality of alignment holes for mating with the alignment pins, a material aperture aligned with the pump outlet, and a plurality of index pins extending from the body of the alignment plate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provides a controlled, continuous up-and-down motion of a pop-up sprinkler head device during an irrigation period to approximate a modified sine wave output from the pop-up sprinkler device assuring uniform coverage of an area to be irrigated without excessive watering.

Abstract: This invention provides an attachment which may be secured to the closure of the housing for an irrigation outlet, the attachment including a plastics disc having a display surface for displaying information the disc being securable to the irrigation outlet.

Abstract: A dirt-resistant bearing system for a sprinkler unit with a rotatable turret having a central shaft extending into a support channel formed within an inner housing. The central shaft may be formed with a relatively upper shaft portion and a relatively lower shaft portion, and the support channel may be formed with an upper channel region and a lower channel region. A first bearing and sealing assembly may be fitted substantially around an outer perimeter of the upper shaft portion and in communication with the upper channel region, and a second bearing and sealing assembly may be fitted substantially around an outer perimeter of the lower shaft portion and in communication with the lower channel region. Another aspect of the invention provides a sprinkler head with a fitted serrated seal assembly. The fitted seal assembly may include an outer case having an interior region, and a pop-up sprinkler head turret mounted on a riser sleeve slidably mounted within the interior region of the outer case.

Abstract: A turf irrigation distribution and reservoir product and method ecosystem employing a substantially continuous mat on the soil surface on which turf is placed or produced, the mat having a primary, lateral water distribution structure which distributes water from a water charging inlet throughout the lateral area to the mat periphery where it is restrained, the water then being distributed vertically above and below the lateral distribution structure.

Abstract: A riser assembly for an irrigation system, including a first riser segment attached to a supply line and a second riser segment attached to the first riser segment at a first end and to a sprinkler at the second end. The riser assembly also includes a control valve which may be inserted between the second riser segment and a sprinkler gun. The various segments and the control valve and sprinkler are all coupled employing mechanical couplings which permit a degree of flexion at the coupling or joint. The first riser segment is formed of a section of PVC pipe and the second riser section is formed of a segment of copper alloy pipe.

Abstract: An automatic water sprinkler assembly is provided. A main conduit is connected to a source of water pressure, at least a portion of the main conduit is buried underground with a releasably connected vertical portion extending above ground. A main horizontal feeder conduit having at least four vertical output conduits is connected to a source of electrical power for operating electrically controllable valves associated with each of said at least four vertical output conduits for selectively controlling fluid flow therethrough. Each of the four vertical output conduits has an end portion terminating above ground and releasably connected to a primarily horizontally extending discharge conduit. The vertical portion of the main conduit, the horizontal feeder, and the vertical output conduits are all releasably connected above ground so that the entire distribution assembly is portable. Alternatively, the valves may be manually operated.

Abstract: A sprinkler system for a vehicle running test course having an incline in the direction of the width of the vehicle running test course such that said vehicle running test course has a higher side and a lower side. The sprinkler system including a concave placement channel constructed on one or both sides of the vehicle running test course; multiple sprinklers capable of sprinkling water over the vehicle running test course being installed in the concave placement channel; a concave installation channel constructed on the higher side of the vehicle running test course; and multiple water sprinkler nozzles placed in the concave installation channel. The water sprinkler nozzles sprinkle water onto the higher side of the vehicle running test course such that the sprinkled water flows downward along the surface of the vehicle running test course toward the lower side of the vehicle running test course.

Abstract: An irrigation system includes a water tower connecting with a water storage tank, a lift device mounted on the bottom of the water storage tank for lifting/lowering it, a first suction pipe having a first end portion connecting to the water storage tank, a discharge pipe having a first end portion connecting to the second end portion of the first suction pipe, a first motor controlled valve mounted on the first suction pipe for opening/closing the connection between the first suction pipe and the discharge pipe, a sprinkler head mounted on and connecting to the second end portion of the discharge pipe, a second suction pipe having a first end portion connecting to the water tower and a second end portion connecting the first end portion of the discharge pipe, and a second motor controlled valve mounted on the second suction pipe for opening/closing the connection between the second suction pipe and the discharge pipe.

Abstract: An irrigation system is disclosed. The system features a pair of lines placed generally parallel and proximate to each other in the subsurface. Only one of the lines is directly connected to the water source. The other line serves as an auxiliary to permit the system to be flexibly adapted or expanded to meet changing irrigation demands or landscape conditions. The auxiliary line is separated into discrete segments, each segment pertaining to a selected zone or area to be separately irrigated. Feeder lines run from each discrete segment to sprinklers. Water is provided to the segments via valved bridges extending from the main line to the segment, so that water flows to the segments only by way of the bridges, the bridges permitting separate segments to be activated in a planned manner.

Abstract: A spray arch for a vehicle wash system having a pair of side supports and a continuously curved pipe extending upward above the side supports and over the path of travel for a vehicle being washed. The arch is preferably made of a flexible PVC pipe that is hand-manipulated to the curved position spanning over the path of travel and held in this shape by the side supports. Spray nozzles on the pipe all extend radially inward such that all nozzles are directed toward a vehicle beneath the arch regardless of the size of the vehicle.

Abstract: A sprinkler device for distributing water comprising a body, a nozzle, a nozzle housing rotatably and slidably mounted in the body, a fluid flow interrupter for intermittently redirecting the stream of fluid exiting from the nozzle, an interrupter drive, a flow control assembly including a free floating valve for controlling water flow to the sprinkler head, reversing mechanism for reversing the direction of movement of the nozzle housing, and a nozzle positioning system for controlling sprinkler rotation speed.

Abstract: A valve is formed by an intersection of an open ended water supply pipe and a sprinkler outlet pipe. The outlet pipe has a closed end and an outlet end that is adapted for connection to a sprinkler. A cylindrical guide post connected to the closed end extends through the intersection to a proximal portion of the outlet end. A guide assembly is slidably disposed over the guide post. In response to an excessive flow of water through the outlet end, the guide assembly is drawn through the intersection to occlude the outlet end.

Abstract: A liquid sprinkler having a substantially hemispherical shaped head at the upper end of a vertical rise pipe. The head is spaced above an area to be watered and has a plurality of nozzles on the hemispherical surface which are sized and positioned to afford even water distribution over the watered area.

Abstract: A new Automatic Sprinkler Garden Edging System for simultaneously bordering and watering a lawn thereby providing an even distribution of water to the lawn while being unnoticed. The inventive device includes a resilient water dispensing cornice, a resilient support wall secured to the resilient water dispensing cornice, and a coupling means removably securing compartments of the present invention together.

Abstract: A shut-off valve, for use with a sprinkler head affixed to a riser pipe, including a valve seat affixed within the riser pipe upstream from the sprinkler head, the valve seat having an opening and impeding flow through said riser except through the opening. A movable valve element is located within the riser pipe upstream from the valve seat, the valve element being movable between an open position, in which it is spaced apart from the valve seat, and a closed position, in which it engages the valve seat to close the opening and impede fluid from flowing through the riser pipe. A spring biases the valve element toward the valve seat, and a perforated tube extends from the valve element through the opening in the valve seat and contacts the sprinkler head to maintain the valve element in its open position.

Abstract: An irrigation system for irrigating an area comprises a pipe for delivering water to the area to be irrigated, and a pump connected to the pipe for delivering a first water supply to the pipe. A timer is operatively associated with the pump for activating the pump during a first predetermined time period. A second water supply is provided connectable to the pipe during a second predetermined time period when the pump is deactivated. A method for irrigating an area is also provided comprising the steps of: providing a water delivering pipe associated with the area for irrigating the area; delivering a first water supply to the pipe during a first predetermined time period; preventing delivery of the first water supply to the pipe during a second predetermined time period; and delivering a second water supply to the pipe during a second predetermined time period.

Abstract: A system for subsurface treatment and disposal of wastewater is described. The system comprises the conveyance of secondarily or tertiarily treated water through closed pipes having walls which are permeable to water. The invention further comprises the cleaning of the conveyance pipe via the introduction of compressed air which expands the pipe and removes debris.

Abstract: A drought relief system employs waste water as normally discharged from an appliance into a plumbing drain. A dual valve assembly is mounted in series within an existing appliance discharge line, usually exteriorly of the appliance and includes a first valve allowing for the distribution of waste water to the normal discharge line. By shutting off this first valve and opening a second valve, waste water is directed into a drought diversion conduit passing through the building wall and communicating with an appropriate distribution line. The latter may comprise a single conduit or a manifold network of conduits such as perforated pipes or hoses and thus permits utilization of water that otherwise would be discharged into the user's septic system or municipal waste system.

Abstract: A sprinkler flow control fixture for insertion between a water main and a sprinkler head contains a solid wall separating the inlet side from the outlet side with a passage therethrough calibrated to permit a flow rate of about 130% the normal flow of the sprinkler head so that removal of the head will not result in excessive water loss and drop in water main pressure.

Abstract: An irrigation system that uses porous and non-porous pipe in combination, the porous pipe having a porosity such that the flow of water therethrough is balanced to the flow of water through point source emitters connected to both the porous and non-porous pipes so that simultaneous point source and line source watering is possible.

Abstract: Irrigation systems which use sprinklers can cause local flooding in the event of either a sprinkler head failure or a broken riser. The result is localized crop damage, irrigation water wastage, land erosion, and deprivation of water for the remainder of the circuit. The disclosed invention provides a method of and, a device for, protecting the irrigation land from the above mentioned potential damage. The disclosed invention comprises an automatic flow shut off device situated between the distribution joint and the individual sprinkler head. The flow shut off device detects and responds to the excess flow caused by the damaged sprinkler and subsequently isolates the water flow to the affected sprinkler. In so doing, the device allows the remainder of the irrigation circuit to operate uninterrupted, temporarily without the service of the damaged sprinkler.