Abstract: Fuel injection nozzles used for reducing NOx in gas turbine engines has incorporated a variety of expensive and complicated techniques. For example, systems use schemes for introducing more air into the primary combustion zone, recirculating cooled exhaust products into the combustion zone and injecting water spray into the combustion zone. The present fuel injector (60,166) reduces the formation of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides within the combustion zone by controlling the premix air/fuel ratio and more explicitly by controlling the air portion of the air/fuel ratio over the entire operating range of the engine (10).

Abstract: A dual fuel mixer is disclosed having a mixing duct, a shroud surrounding the upstream end of the mixing duct having contained therein a gas fuel manifold and a liquid fuel manifold in flow communication with a gas fuel supply and a liquid fuel supply, respectively, and control means, a set of inner and outer annular counter-rotating swirlers adjacent the upstream end of the mixing duct, where at least the outer annular swirlers include hollow vanes with internal cavities and gas fuel passages, all of which are in fluid communication with the gas fuel manifold to inject gas fuel into the air stream, the vane cavities also having liquid fuel passages therethrough in fluid communication with the liquid fuel manifold, and a hub separating the inner and outer annular swirlers to allow independent rotation thereof, the hub having a circumferential slot in fluid communication with the liquid fuel passages which injects liquid fuel into the air stream, wherein high pressure air from a compressor is injected into the

Abstract: An air aspirating nozzle for propelling a stream of foam or a slurry of solid particulates to a target surface includes a stream shaping member within the nozzle to form a rotating, columnar stream of liquid and air which maintains a high degree of coherence over a considerable throw distance. The nozzle assembly may include a flow control unit for the introduction of a foam concentrate or a fluid suspension of particulate solids into the nozzle.

Abstract: Past systems have attempted to cool the combustor end or tip of fuel injection nozzles, however, such methods have failed to attain adequate cooling and life. The present system or structure for cooling a tip or combustion end of a fuel injection nozzle is accomplished with a twofold structure. First, a plurality of openings being acutely positioned in the combustor end about a plurality of base circles provide effective air-sweep cooling. Secondly, the convection cooling of a back face and a combustion face provides effective convection cooling. The two structures are combined to provide an effective, efficient cooling of the combustor end or tip. The combustor end of the fuel injection nozzle is maintained at a temperature low enough to prevent failure of the combustor end through oxidation, cracking and buckling and the air-sweep avoids carbon deposits on the combustor face.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing and dispensing two or more reactive liquids in a homogeneous stream. The device includes a mixing chamber with two or more inlets for introducing separate liquid components into the chamber, a recycle port associated with each inlet for directing unmixed components back to their source, and an outlet for dispensing mixed liquid components from the chamber. Replaceable insert nozzles direct the stream of liquid components into the chamber at a desired angle away from the outlet. A piston purges the mixing chamber of mixed fluids. A reciprocating sleeve coaxial with the shaft of the purge piston includes axial slots disposed to direct the flow of unmixed components from each inlet to its associated recycle port during purging of the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure of a burner which can be fueled with gas fuel or oil fuel. The main features includes: a specially designed swirl generator; an annular hollow gas gun; an oil gun received in the gas gun where the gas jets of the gas gun and the oil jets of the oil gun have an predetermined angle with respect to the centerline. Under designed operating conditions, a swirling air flow can be generated with a low pressure drop and low turbulences, which is beneficial to flame stability, reducing flame temperature, and delaying the mixing of air and fuel, thus inhibiting the formation of NO.sub.x. Staging air and flue gas recirculation are available for further reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A burner apparatus which comprises a pilot burner including a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle, and a plurality of main burners which are arranged around the pilot burner and each of which comprises a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle; and the angle of the swirlers for the pilot burner is set larger than the angle of the swirlers for the main burner so that the angles of the two types of swirlers cross. NOx production can be considerably reduced with a very simple structure based on the present invention for combustion in boilers and gas turbines.

Abstract: A burner for operation with gas and/or includes a central pilot burner system selectively operable with gas and/or oil as a diffusion burner or as a separate pre-mixing burner and an annular main burner system surrounding the pilot burner system and carrying a primary air flow. The main burner system includes a multiplicity of first nozzles admixing gas with the primary air flow for pre-mixing operation and second inlet nozzles pre-mixing oil into the primary air flow.

Abstract: In order to avoid carbon buildup and to assist fuel atomization, a fuel injection system (40) includes a fuel injector (42) associated with the upstream portion (44) of a combustor (10). The fuel injector (42) has a fuel flow passage (46) in communication with a source of fuel (14) and terminating in the upstream portion (44) of the combustor (10). The fuel injection system (40) also includes a primary oxidant delivery tube (20) associated with the upstream portion (44) of the combustor (10). The primary oxidant delivery tube (20) defines a primary oxidant flow passage (48) in communication with a source of oxidant (12) and terminating in the upstream portion (44) of the combustor (10). The fuel injection system (40) further includes a secondary oxidant delivery tube (50) associated with the upstream portion (44) of the conbustor (10).

Abstract: An airblast type fuel nozzle of the type utilized in gas turbine engines is disclosed. Various concepts capable of enhancing the atomization of over a wide range of fuel flow rates are discussed. In one particular embodiment a recirculating air flow pattern at low fuel flow rates is established within a swirl chamber prior to the discharge of the fuel into the core airstream.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle having two concentric flow paths, the interior flow path comprising a first swirl chamber having a first diameter, an exit chamber having a second diameter selected to be smaller than the first diameter, and a convergent section joining the first swirl chamber and the exit chamber. The exterior flow path comprises an annular second swirl chamber formed about the periphery of the exit chamber. The interior flow path has a fuel and air mixture flowing therethrough while the exterior flow path has air only flowing therethrough. Fuel in the interior flow path is caused to lie in a film and flow circumferentially about the internal wall of the first swirl chamber by air entering into the first swirl chamber through inlet holes which are configured to direct the air tangentially along the internal wall surface of the first swirl chamber.

Abstract: A process burner for combusting a fluid feed material which has central, middle and frusto-conical conduits in which the central and middle conduits form an annular passageway having an enlarged upstream end forming a distribution chamber to prevent high fluid flow regions which would erode an acceleration conduit at the discharge ends of the central, middle and frusto-conical conduits, the acceleration conduit forming a smooth curving surface without sharp angles from the frusto-conical conduit apex to the cylindrical discharge portion of the acceleration conduit. The distribution chamber preferably has a baffle or mixing plate angularly disposed under the fluid feed inlet to the annular passageway so that the fluid feed changes from axial to downwardly spiralling radial flow.

Abstract: A multivortex device is provided comprising a series of adjacent plates with specially designed grooves and perforations which, when mounted transversely of a uniform fluid flow in a duct, results in the formation of numerous small adjacent flow vortices either all rotating in the same direction (co-vortices) or adjacent vortices rotating in opposite direction (counter-vortices). The fluid at the peripheries of adjacent co-vortices move in opposite directions and friction converts their rotational kinetic energy into turbulence within a few vortex diameters downstream from the multivortex device. The fluid at the peripheries of adjacent counter-rotating vortices move in the same direction, such that they roll upon one another substantially without friction and persist for many vortex diameters downstream from the multivortex device. The adjacent plates of the multivortex device can be provided with additional grooves and passageways which allow a second and/or third fluid to be introduced within each vortex.

Abstract: An internal mixing chamber wherein a small amount of secondary fluid is introduced through a circumferential orifice having circumferential rotation and a large amount of primary fluid is introduced as an axial annulus to flow axially through the radially introduced secondary fluid to be mixed therein. The secondary fluid is introduced at lower pressure than the primary fluid and the system is self-balancing.

Abstract: A fuel injection device having three concentric streams of air for the atomization of fuel sprayed onto a sleeve by an injector facing into the sleeve. The inner and outer streams of air are imparted with swirl in opposite direction, while the central stream of air is free of swirl. The two inner streams of air atomize the fuel as a result of shear forces, while the outer stream of air forms a stable recirculation region in a combustion chamber into which the fuel injector device extends.

Abstract: Coking of the hot external face of fuel nozzles operating in the combustor of a gas turbine engine is reduced by controlling air discharging from the nozzle face in a manner to provide a recirculation zone spaced away from the nozzle face a distance effective to substantially reduce coking and yet maintain a stable flame front in the combustor.

Abstract: The material is applied to the inner surface by means of a carrier gas stream, provided with a swirl, conducted through the hollow space. To prevent or reduce the swirl loss, which occurs if the laden carrier gas stream, provided with the swirl, forces the stagnant air in the hollow space from this space and then the loss develops by friction on the inner surface, before and during the flow of the laden carrier gas provided with the swirl, an additional gas, not laden with the material, is conducted through the hollow space with a siwrl, whose direction of rotation corresponds to the swirl of the laden carrier gas stream. For this purpose, the device has on the outlet of a passage element (1), equipped with a swirl-producing device 3 for the laden carrier gas stream, outlet nozzles (4), which feed to the laden carrier gas stream the additional gas with a swirl, whose direction of rotation corresponds to that (5) of the swirl-producing device.

Abstract: A fuel injector assembly for a gas turbine combustor projects a hollow conical spray of fuel. A plurality of discrete surrounding air nozzles 42 project air directly toward the axis 46 of the injector at an angle of 15 degrees, establishing a fuel rich external recirculation zone 52.

Abstract: Metal deposition rate is increased with reduced energy input in pulsed arc welding with a consumable electrode and a shielding gas mixture of argon, helium and carbon dioxide, the helium content being in the range from about 16% to about 25% and the carbon dioxide content being from about 1% to 4%. The component gases are stored in separate containers until the welding operation during which precisely metered flows of each are entrained by a metering valve and directed to the weld region. Consistently finished welds are produced, on stainless steel, low alloy steels and nickel based alloys as well as other weldable ferrous metals, including during out of position welding operations.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for pneumatically discharging hydromechanically conveyed hydraulic building material for underground operations, in which compressed air is supplied to the wet building material, pumped in a dense stream, in front of a mouth piece serving the discharge thereof and having in particular a nozzle shape, the compressed air being gunned out together with the building material, the invention provides for the dense stream of the pumped building material to be supplied to the compressed air supplied in a stream, sealed off from the outside air by the wet building material, and thereby be distributed in the compressed air stream and conveyed with the latter to the mouth piece to be discharged therefrom.

Abstract: Preparation of granules by making nuclei grow, in a fluidized bed, by causing a liquid material to solidify thereon. The liquid material is sprayed in the bed upwards, with the aid of a spraying device provided with a central channel through which the liquid material is supplied, and a channel concentric therewith carrying a powerful gas stream, with the liquid material contacting the gas stream and being carried with the gas stream to a dilute zone where the growth of the nuclei takes place, which zone is created by the gas stream and is completely within the fluidized bed. The liquid material is made to come out of the central channel as a virtually closed, conical film, with a thrust exceeding the thrust of the gas stream, and this film is nebulized to very fine droplets with the aid of the gas stream.In this process a very small amount of high-energetic gas is needed, while no agglomeration occurs in the bed.

Abstract: Combustion equipment e.g. for a gas turbine engine comprises an annular flame tube having air inlet openings fitted with respective air swirler devices surrounding respective fuel atomizers. Flare portions define an annular flare in which the atomizers and swirler devices are provided. To reduce the formation of a liquid fuel film on the wall of the flame tube, dividing means in the form of a smaller flare is provided for dividing the air flow through each of the swirler devices so as to create a fuel-free film of air adjacent the annular flare.

Abstract: The essence of the invention resides in that the apparatus comprises a gas istribution unit for distributing inert gas, oxidant and fuel gas, and has a cylinder provided with a headpiece. Walls of the cylinder have ports communicating its interior with gas sources, whereas the headpiece includes passages to convey gases from the interior of the cylinder to a barrel.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine is constructed with two major castings where one is the support and the other is the head, both welded together adjacent the fuel orifice plate. The fuel passage is cast into the support providing a smooth radius from the radial to axial flow path and a smooth transition from the circular to the annular cross section. This configuration allows dimension control over the filming lip and other critical dimensions of the nozzle.

Abstract: A burner (10) is provided for supplying coal-liquid slurry and combustion air to a furnace (2). The burner housing (12) is mounted about the burner throat opening (6) and interconnected to a combustion air supply duct (8). A coal slurry gun (14) is disposed coaxially within the housing for spraying the coal-liquid slurry into the furnace. A first conduit means (20) is disposed coaxially about the coal slurry gun to define a primary air flow passage (22) surrounding the slurry gun. Additionally, a second conduit means (30) is disposed coaxially about the first conduit means (20) to define a secondary air flow passage (32) between the first and second conduit means and a tertiary air flow passage (34) between the second conduit means and the burner throat (4). Independently controllable dampers 41, 42 and 43 are provided in the air inlets to the primary, secondary and tertiary air flow passages to permit independent control of air flow velocity.

Abstract: An air-blast fuel injector assembly for a gas turbine engine includes an annular shroud means operatively associated with a plurality of sleeve means one inside the other in spaced apart relation. The sleeve means form a liquid fuel-receiving chamber, a water or auxiliary fuel-receiving chamber inside the liquid fuel-receiving chamber for discharging water or auxiliary fuel in addition or alternatively to the liquid fuel, an inner air-receiving chamber for receiving and directing compressor discharge air into the fuel spray cone and/or water or auxiliary fuel to mix therewith from the inside. The shroud means forms an outer air-receiving chamber for receiving and directing other compressor discharge air into the fuel spray cone and/or water or auxiliary fuel from the outside for mixing purposes.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle wherein a swirl cone (36) is located between a housing (10) and a body (12). Body (12) cooperates with housing (10) to form an air chamber (32) and with cone (36) to form an inner annulus (40). Swirl vanes (34) are angularly mounted between cone (36) and body (12) such that air flowing from chamber (32) into annulus (40) forms a swirling flow pattern. Body (12) is provided with a fuel chamber (16) and radial passages (20) introduce fuel to the swirling air in inner annulus (40) to produce an atomized spray pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for heating the surface of a substrate and to a burner particularly as part of a spray gun suitable for carrying out the process of flame spraying. In order to improve flame stability and to increase the output, compressed air is supplied using annular guide plates arranged in cascade fashion, one above the other and one behind the other in various planes in the direction of the jet. As a result of this, kinetic energy is introduced into the flow of hot gases as the air volume increases, so that almost complete combustion of the hot gases can be achieved at relatively low end temperatures. The drop-off in temperature of the hot gases in the direction of flow starting from the mouth of the burner is relatively small. Consequently, it is also possible to heat substrates uniformly which, as a result of their particular shape, have a varying spacing from the mouth of the burner.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus is fitted to the top of an oil burner having a single nozzle for the simultaneous introduction of oil and water by means of compressed air. The apparatus includes a combustion chamber defined by an inner vessel open at both ends with one end being fitted to the burner. An outer vessel is co-axially mounted on the inner vessel with both ends being secured to the corresponding ends of the inner vessel to form a preheating chamber between the inner and outer vessels. The inner vessel is provided with a plurality of holes and a baffle is located within the pre-heating chamber in overlying relation with respect to the holes. Pressurized air is introduced into the heating chamber, around the baffle, and through the holes into the interior of the vessel to compress the flame of the water-oil fuel emulsion forcing it to swirl and remain in the vessel so that the combustion takes place at a temperature between 700.degree. and 1,000.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for the combustion of corrosive products, such as chlorine containing residues, comprising a combustion chamber, a dispersing head having an axial inlet for the phase to be burnt, and means for introducing two separate fractions of the combustive phase, and a plate for connecting the dispersing head to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An aerodynamic apparatus for mixing components of a fuel mixture comprises two cylindrical chambers--a main chamber and an auxiliary chamber--for swirling the flow of a gaseous component of a fuel mixture which is fed through at least one admission pipe arranged tangentially to the cylindrical surface of the chamber. The outlet pipes for the components are arranged in end walls coaxially with the chambers, and the end of the pipe of the auxiliary chamber is within the main chamber. The ratio of the inside diameters d.sub.1 /d.sub.2 of the outlet pipes for components ranges from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A spray mixing nozzle and a method for reacting an acidic fluid and a basic fluid by using the spray mixing nozzle. The nozzle includes a central channel, at least one intermediate annular channel surrounding said central channel, an outer annular channel and a mixing chamber having a generally cylindrical upper section, a generally conically-shaped lower section and an axially aligned discharge orifice. The acidic fluid and the basic fluid are directed through the central channel and the intermediate annular channel into the upper section of the mixing chamber at relatively low velocities and a pressurized gas is simultaneously directed through the outer annular channel into the upper section of the mixing channel at a relatively high velocity. The high velocity gas acts to strip apart and at least partially atomize the acidic fluid stream and the basic fluid stream in the upper section of the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A multi-fuel industrial heating burner having an exhaust velocity of about 15,000 feet per minute. The fuel is first burned in a swirling toroidal recirculation zone and flows into the burner tile and shear mixes with a counter-swirling flow of combustion air flowing along the burner tile. As the flows shear mix, additional combustion air is provided to the central burning gases and the rotational momentum of the swirling flows is dissipated. The burner discharge gases flow axially without swirl.

Abstract: An improved process for the partial combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel is disclosed, the process being characterized by the introduction of steam into the combustion reactor through the interior of a burner gun, the steam being introduced as a jet which rotates about its axis and diverges in the form of a cone. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a solid-forming or foam forming mixture. Feed pipes carry reaction components from storage containers to a mixhead where they merge into a mixing chamber. A separate feed pipe leads into the outlet of the mixing chamber for the introduction of a filler into the reaction mixture. The outlet of the mixing chamber is arranged partially in a tube which is coaxial with a housing. The tube is movable within the housing and acts as a closure for the filler feed pipe.

Abstract: A pressure atomizing fuel nozzle of the type that has a primary and secondary fuel system for a gas turbine engine and includes air swirl means and water injection is designed so that the water laden airstream is swirling in the same direction as both the fuels egressing from the primary fuel system and the secondary fuel system.

Abstract: A spray coating process for application of water-dilutable paint systems which includes spraying a water-dilutable paint through a main nozzle which atomizes the paint and simultaneously therewith spraying at least one additional material from at least one lateral ancillary nozzle into and/or around the paint stream from the main nozzle. The additional material can be water to control the water content of the paint film, or it can be an additive such as a leveling aid for the paint. The spraying of the additional material into and around the paint stream while it is being projected to the surface to be painted causes the material to locate primarily at the surface of the atomized paint droplets.

Abstract: In a burner mountable in a passageway leading into a furnace including a housing received by said passageway, having a discharge end opening into said furnace, a first conduit within said housing, a second conduit within said first conduit, said housing, said first conduit and said second conduit being annularly spaced, means for introducing respective fuels into space between said first and second conduits and into said second conduit, means for introducing air into space between said housing and said first conduit, fins for inducing swirling motion of air discharged from said housing into said furnace, means for discharging respective fuels from said first and second conduits into said furnace through said housing discharge end, the housing discharge end extending into the furnace interior, a sleeve receiving the first conduit therewithin and extending forwardly therefrom, a cap having an inwardly facing lip about a discharge end of the sleeve proximate the housing opening the lip defining a discharge throu

Abstract: A burner for pulverized coal such as in a rotary kiln includes three concentric cylindrical ducts. The outer duct carries an air supply which is directed in a generally axial direction into the kiln. The next innermost duct carries the pulverized coal-carrier gas mixture and is also generally directed in an axial direction. The next innermost duct carries air which is directed in a divergent radial direction in the kiln and includes a rotational air component. By controlling the quantities of air in the ducts which flank the coal duct, the resulting flame form can be controlled in the kiln without restoring to variations in the velocity or direction of the coal carrier gas stream. By eliminating such variations in regard to the coal carrier gas stream, the abrasive action of the pulverized coal is kept to a minimum.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for atomizing and burning liquid fuels, according to which a primary gas is introduced into a vortex sink flow having a light swirl and entering the combustion space in the region of its sink through an opening in a front surface. The swirl of the vortex sink flow is so great that it will hug the front surface as a wall jet due to the Coanda effect while the swirl is maintained. The fuel is introduced into at least one region of the swirling flow where a good atomizing effect exists.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine fuel injector has distinct and separate flow paths for liquid and gaseous fuel which each terminate in outlets of decreasing cross-sectional area in order to prevent combustion products from the flame tube or tubes of the engine from flowing back into the injector, the separate fuel flow paths preventing fuel from migrating from one path to the other. Compressor delivery air is also arranged to flow through the fuel outlets and some mixing of fuel and air takes in the outlets before the fuel enters the flame tube.The fuel injector is formed in two separate and co-operating parts, a fuel feed arm attached to the engine casing and readily removable through a relatively small access aperture in the casing and a fuel and air inlet means which is attached to the head of the flame tube and defines the fuel and air inlets into the flame tube.

Abstract: A dual fuel injector has a body in which first, second and, optionally, third flow passages are provided. The first passage feeds liquid fuel to a first ring of outlet orifices which discharge into the second passage. The second passage leads to a second ring of outlet orifices which are aligned with orifices in the first ring and which are of greater cross-sectional area than the latter. The orifices of both rings lie on axes which are disposed at an acute angle (e.g. 45.degree.) to the longitudinal axis of the body so that a conical discharge of fuel and air is obtained in use. The second passage is an air passage when liquid fuel is being injected and may be an air passage or a gaseous fuel passage when the optional third passage is employed and the injector is in its gaseous fuel injection mode.

Abstract: An annulus formed in the nut of a fuel nozzle to collect, distribute and atomize water droplets fed into the fuel nozzle for increased thrust produced by a turbine type power plant powering aircraft is discretely formed adjacent the discharge juncture point and discharged angularly into and with respect to the fuel spray emitted into the combustion zone for smoke reduction purposes.

Abstract: A liquid atomizing and spraying device which can be operated with a relatively low air pressure. The spraying device has three coaxial tubular passages; an inner one for air, an intermediate one for liquid, and an outer one for air; which are shaped to have the liquid ejected as a thin film having a divergently conical shape which is caused to vibrate by the air which is being ejected in a vortex flow for generating cusps on the film in an electrostatic field for being finely atomized and projected.

Abstract: A substance in a particulate form, e.g. a polyacrylamide flocculant powder, is rapidly dissolved in a liquid, e.g. water by feeding the powder down a circular bore in a casing while the water is fed tangentially and swirled in two chambers in the casing and around the circular bore to emerge in the bore, as oppositely swirling, inwardly converging streams in the path of the powder. The diverging portion of the first stream intersects the converging portion of the second stream, which goes out of the bore with the powder dissolved therein.

Abstract: An air blast fuel supply system for a gas turbine engine comprises a floating swirler separated from the fuel injector and means for radially supporting both the swirler and fuel injector for free radial movement with respect to a combustor dome; a fuel atomization lip on the floating swirler is located in spaced overlying relationship to a tangential fuel director to form an annular fuel film at the outlet of the fuel injector and an outer annular air flow directing lip on the floating swirler directs inlet air flow against the fuel film as it leaves the atomization lip. The fuel injector includes a nozzle tube that slips to permit free axial movement of said fuel injector with resepct to the dome and wherein the tangential fuel director maintains the annular fuel film throughout axially shifted positions of said nozzle tube. This allows the fuel nozzle to be inserted through a small opening in the engine case while maintaining the integrated relationship with the swirler attached to the combustor.

Abstract: A dispensing apparatus is provided for mixing and spraying A and B components of urethane foam plastic whereby urethane foam plastic may be sprayed in place. The gun includes structure whereby a solvent for the A and B components may be readily utilized to thoroughly flush the A and B component valves, the mixing chamber and the mixer for the discharge nozzle and is further constructed in a manner whereby the material handling valves will not be distorted by the materials handled thereby and the gun may be temporarily shutdown for short periods or overnight without the need to turn the flow selectors for the components A and B to the off positions thereof. Further, the gun is constructed in a manner whereby the control valves are simultaneously actuatable and the flow selectors and the rotation limiting slots thereof may be lubricated to prevent drying out of the A and B components during an overnight shutdown of the gun preventing the flow selectors from being turned.

Abstract: A staged air burner having a swirl chamber for providing a swirl flow path for primary combustion air, a tangential duct system for providing a tangential flow path for primary combustion air flowing toward the swirl flow path, and a converging passage structure for providing a converging flow path for secondary air which flows along the converging flow path inwardly toward an axis of the swirl chamber downstream of the latter. At least two fuel supply systems are respectively situated at two of the above flow paths for supplying combustible fuel thereto so that it is possible to fire fuel simultaneously at least at two of the flow paths.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a gas turbine engine consists of a hollow body adapted to be supplied with compressed air and having a number of fuel orifices in the internal surface of the body. An annular member is located inside the body adjacent to the orifices so as to define an annular gap between it and the internal surface of the hollow body. The gap receives fuel from the orifices and has a radial width of 0.015 to 0.020 inches.

Abstract: A nozzle for atomizing fuel for combustion in a gas turbine engine. During normal operation of the engine, the nozzle uses a portion of the air supplied to the combustion chamber by the engine compressor to atomize fuel flowing through the nozzle. During start-up and low power operation of the engine when flow of engine air through the nozzle would otherwise be of insufficient velocity to cause good atomization of the fuel, additional air from a separate external source is introduced at high velocity into the nozzle in the manner of an ejector. The additional air imparts high velocity to the engine air within the nozzle so that the air from both sources acts on the fuel at the nozzle discharge orifice at high velocity to effect good atomization and spray pattern of the fuel. The nozzle is designed in such a manner as to cause no significant restriction of engine air flow through the nozzle under high power operation of the engine when the external air source is shut off.