Abstract: A fuel nozzle (18) for a gas turbine engine comprises a nozzle stem (55), a nozzle tip assembly (60) and a nozzle sheath (50). A plurality of inlets (82) allow air to flow into the interior (90) of the sheath (50); fuel is flowed into the nozzle (18) through a fuel passage (135) in fluid communication with a fuel manifold. The fuel enters a fuel channel (140) defined by the stem (55) and tip assembly (60), and then passes into a fuel gallery (185) through a plurality of metering holes (190). Fuel swirls out of the tip assembly (60), where it is caught between, and squeezed by, first and second streams of air passing out of radially spaced apart air passages (145) and (220).

Abstract: A multi-part oxy-fuel cutting tip has mixture outlet passages formed in the tip skirt to form grooves. The grooves then cooperate with the tip core to form the outlet passages when the skirt is placed over the tip core. Oppositely directed circumferential inlet passages for the preheat oxygen and fuel promote rapid mixing while producing a non-rotating mixture flow. In addition, the sectional areas of the outlet passages decrease in the flow direction. The tip core has an annular chamfer at its outlet end. These features promote the rapid creation of a laminar mixture flow.

Abstract: An air blast fuel nozzle includes a unitary structure which introduces not only axially swirling primary airflow into the primary zone of the combustor chamber, but also introduces radial inflow, coswirling, primary airflow into the premixing chamber immediately upstream of the primary zone of the combustor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for delivery of particulate fuel eliminates the problem of dense phase flow. The problem stems from the formation of undesirable streams of densely concentrated fuel particles, which streams have a deleterious effect on the combustion. In the distribution method and apparatus of the invention, the particulate fuel is induced to follow a different flow path from that of its transport air, as the fuel and transport air pass through the distribution device. The pattern and density of distribution of particulate fuel in the transport air then becomes controlled by the reentrainment of the fuel into the transport air rather than by flow characteristics of the fuel and transport air entering the nozzle. In the distribution device of the invention, the fuel particles are moved in a direction axially away from the furnace and into a space having a reflector wall against which the fuel particles impinge in a rebounding action.

Abstract: A burner unit has a fuel dispersion arrangement at a burner head leading to a flame region which distributed fuel from longitudinal slots extending along trailing edges of spinner vanes of a spinner vane assembly. The spinner vane assembly is disposed transversely across a flow channel of combustion air past the burner head and has a function of deflecting the axial flow of the combustion air radially outward into a conical flow. The deflective air flow pressure distribution over the spinner vanes contributes to induction and mixing of the fuel with the combustion air as the combustion air enters the flame region of the burner. Combustion gases resulting from a combustible mixture achieved in this manner have resulted in emission products with pollutant levels within currently specified limits.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection system controls the supply of compressed air to the fuel injectors according to the operating status of internal combustion engine. For cold start operation, compressed air is supplied continuously to the injectors; while, for partial load (cruising) and partial acceleration, air is supplied as a pulsating (air volume control) flow consisting of air pulses coincident with the injected fuel pulses. On the other hand, for acceleration and deceleration, the supply of compressed air to the injectors may be inhibited. Further, idle speed control can be achieved using the air-assist to the fuel injectors, thereby eliminating need for a separate idle speed control valve. To enhance system operation, a fuel injector may be employed in which both the fuel and the applied compressed air are swirled, but in opposite directions, so as to achieve a fuel spray of small particle size.

Abstract: There is disclosed an oxy/fuel burner with a low volume fuel stream. The burner projects a stream of fuel from a fuel orifice and projects an annular stream of oxygen around the stream of fuel from an annular oxygen orifice such that the oxygen velocity to gas velocity ratio is between 1/1 and 3/1, providing a flame whose hottest point is about 5 inches from the fuel orifice.

Abstract: A flame retaining nozzle tip for a burner for a pulverized fuel fired furnace receiving a primary stream of pulverized fuel and primary transport and combustion air for discharge into the combustion zone of the furnace comprises a hollow, open-ended, choke or body having an inlet end of generally polygonal flow cross-section for receiving the stream and an outlet end of generally rounded cross-section for accelerating and discharging the stream into the furnace. The outlet end of the choke has a flow cross-sectional area that is less than that of the inlet end to provide choking action. An elongated center element is mounted in coaxial alignment with a central axis of the choke body extending between the inlet and outlet ends.

Abstract: A heating devices for complete intermixing of gaseous fuel and air to allow complete combustion of the gas and air mixture in a mushroom shaped flame. The device includes an element for supplying an axial flow of air and a swirling device in fluid communication with the air supply to turbulently swirl and radially inward direct the air entering from the air supply. The heating device also includes an nozzle element located within a mixing chamber formed by the swirling device. The nozzle forms a plurality of bores to emit the fuel as generally radially outward directed streams into the swirling stream of air exiting from the swirling device to intermixes the fuel and air. A disk connected to the nozzle restrains the gas streams within the mixing chamber to facilitate the mixing of the fuel and air. The intermixed fuel and air is then ignited by an ignition device. A combustion chamber is disposed about an upper first end of the swirling device to contain the generated flame.

Abstract: An improved sprayer assembly for delivery of physiologic glue, including fibrin glue, is disclosed. The sprayer assembly is comprised of at least one female receptacle rigidly affixed to a base member and a sprayer member having at least one atomizing ejection port on an external surface opposing the base member. Within the sprayer member, a system of fluid channels permits each reservoir to be emptied into a well from angular connecting channels, which causes enhanced turbulence within each well. A vortex is created which propagates through an exit port and down an exit channel, causing each solution to exit the sprayer member at each ejection port in a swirling pattern. The spray patterns emitted from each syringe or reservoir overlap, causing droplets of solution to contact one another and commence a clotting reaction at a wound surface.The sprayer assembly is joined to a conventional syringe, a catheter or other solution reservoir.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve comprising, a fuel swirler (6) providing a swirling force to fuel, a fuel nozzle (5) injecting the swirling fuel, an air swirler (7) including an air swirling chamber (7B) and air nozzles (7A) disposed downstream the fuel nozzle (5) adjacent the outlet port (7C) thereof, the air nozzles (7A) are constituted to introduce air into the air swirling chamber (7B) and to cause a swirling air flow therein directed opposite to the direction of the swirling fuel flow from the fuel nozzle (5) whereby the swirling air flow is caused to collide with the swirling fuel flow immediately after being injected from the fuel nozzle (5) in the air swirling chamber (7B) to thereby enhance atomization of the fuel and to properly decelerate the moving velocity of the injected atomized fuel.

Abstract: Dual fuel/air injectors are provided, including a conventional central diffusion flame fuel nozzle 12. A fuel injector 14 for pre-mixing fuel and air for low emissions combustion and coaxial to the central nozzle includes a plenum 30 about the central injector having an air inlet 32, an annular pre-mix chamber 34, a fuel injection region 36 between the pre-mix chamber and air inlet 32 and an outlet 40 defined in part by swirler vanes 38. Radially projecting fuel spokes 46 extend into the plenum 30 and are supplied fuel from a manifold 44. Apertures 52 in the spokes supply fuel in a circumferential direction to the incoming air. The spokes in the plenum define throat areas T which, in the aggregate, define a minimum cross-sectional area of the plenum 30. Differential air flows through the throats provide inverse differential fuel distribution in the throats whereby a uniform fuel/air mixture strength distribution occurs at the throats.

Abstract: A multi-part oxy-fuel cutting tip has mixture outlet passages formed by swaging the tip skirt to form grooves. The grooves then cooperate with the tip core to form the outlet passages when the skirt is placed over the tip core. Oppositely directed circumferential inlet passages for the preheat oxygen and fuel promote rapid mixing while producing a non-rotating mixture flow. In addition, the sectional areas of the outlet passages decrease in the flow direction. These features promote the rapid creation of a laminar mixture flow.

Abstract: An oil well test burner provides for the use of a hollow body which defines a mixing chamber therein. A plurality of openings are formed in the body in communication with interior chamber for delivering oil and air into the interior chamber in such a manner, that an opening delivering oil into the chamber is disposed diametrically opposite at least one other opening which delivers air into the chamber. A pair of manifolds delivers oil and air, respectively, through a plurality of a corresponding number of emanating conduits which are attached to the body in a surrounding relationship to a respective opening in the body. Each manifold is provided with a flow regulating valve downstream from the conduits.

Abstract: An air register apparatus, method, and arrangement is disclosed in which each air register includes two portions, one of which feeds combustion air to an inner, ignition zone where fuel is first ignited, the other of which feeds combustion air to an outer, supplemental zone where the main combustion takes place. These two register portions provide separate and discrete air streams having measurable characteristics which accurately reflect the characteristics of the overall flow through each register portion and which characteristics govern combustion characteristics in the associated zone. Each air stream passes through an inwardly spiralling scroll passageway having a simple upstream air valve at the entrance to the passageway for controlling the flow of air through the passageway. This upstream air valve is remote from the hostile environment of the furnace or other combustion device.

Abstract: A turbo burner assembly provides for dispersion of liquid fuel into a flame region adjacent a burner head of the assembly by using compressed air to force a fine spray through apertures in an atomizing assembly. The dispersed fuel is supplied at a variable rate that corresponds to the combustion settings of the burner over the entire operating range of the burner. The dispersed fuel becomes entrained into a low quantity flow of high velocity turbo air. The quantity or rate of flow of the high velocity turbo air corresponds to the combustion air required for the correct air to fuel mixture at the lowest fuel flow rate. At increasing fuel flow rates for increased combustion settings a second low velocity stream of turbo air is introduced at a variable volume flow rate to provide together with the first stream of turbo air a correct combustion mixture with the introduced fuel over the entire range of combustion settings of the burner assembly. A gaseous fuel can be substituted for the liquid fuel.

Abstract: A burner apparatus which comprises a pilot burner including a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle, and a plurality of main burners which are arranged around the pilot burner and each of which comprises a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle; and the angle of the swirlers for the pilot burner is set larger than the angle of the swirlers for the main burner so that the angles of the two types of swirlers cross. NOx production can be considerably reduced with a very simple structure based on the present invention for combustion in boilers and gas turbines.

Abstract: The small airblast fuel nozzle improves cold ignition of small gas turbine engines of the type having a stagnation air pressure of only 1-1-1/2 inches of water available from the compressor for cold ignition. The fuel nozzle includes an inner air swirling system comprising a longitudinal cylindrical inner air swirl chamber and multiple air inlet slots spaced circumferentially on the nozzle body to supply air to the chamber. The air inlet slots each include an inner tapered section converging toward and into intersection with the chamber and an outer tapered section converging from the exterior of the nozzle body toward and into intersection with the inner section. The inner section and outer section are canted with respect to one another and in the same direction from one slot to the next so that the inner air slots collectively form a hooked cross type pattern when viewed in plan.

Abstract: In order to avoid carbon buildup and to assist fuel atomization, a fuel injection system (40) includes a fuel injector (42) associated with the upstream portion (44) of a combustor (10). The fuel injector (42) has a fuel flow passage (46) in communication with a source of fuel (14) and terminating in the upstream portion (44) of the combustor (10). The fuel injection system (40) also includes a primary oxidant delivery tube (20) associated with the upstream portion (44) of the combustor (10). The primary oxidant delivery tube (20) defines a primary oxidant flow passage (48) in communication with a source of oxidant (12) and terminating in the upstream portion (44) of the combustor (10). The fuel injection system (40) further includes a secondary oxidant delivery tube (50) associated with the upstream portion (44) of the conbustor (10).

Abstract: A carbureting device for the combustor of a gas turbine comprises an annular spin chamber which is defined by a generally annular housing having a closed forward end, an exhaust tube which is partially disposed within the spin chamber, and a flange disposed around the exhaust tube. A swirling air entrance is disposed between the annular housing and the flange and a fuel entrance is disposed along the annular housing spaced axially forward of the swirling air entrance. In one embodiment of the invention the exhaust tube is a venturi. In another embodiment a fairing is disposed outside and aft of the spin chamber and is sized and disposed about and extending at least to the end of the venturi, thereby forming a passageway between the fairing and the venturi. A second air swirling means is disposed in the passageway formed by the fairing and the venturi.

Abstract: A low NOx burner comprises a pulverized coal nozzle for injecting a flow of a mixture of pulverized coal with primary air, a secondary air nozzle arranged externally of and coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, a tertiary air nozzle arranged externally of the secondary air nozzle and disposed coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, and a swirl flow generator for injecting secondary air and tertiary air as a respective swirl flow. Between the secondary air nozzle and the tertiary air nozzle, there is provided a spacer having such a thickness as to delay the mixing of the secondary air and the tertiary air and to form a swirl flow between the secondary air and the tertiary air.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle having two concentric flow paths, the interior flow path comprising a first swirl chamber having a first diameter, an exit chamber having a second diameter selected to be smaller than the first diameter, and a convergent section joining the first swirl chamber and the exit chamber. The exterior flow path comprises an annular second swirl chamber formed about the periphery of the exit chamber. The interior flow path has a fuel and air mixture flowing therethrough while the exterior flow path has air only flowing therethrough. Fuel in the interior flow path is caused to lie in a film and flow circumferentially about the internal wall of the first swirl chamber by air entering into the first swirl chamber through inlet holes which are configured to direct the air tangentially along the internal wall surface of the first swirl chamber.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly having a premix chamber is provided for the injection of remixed fuel and air or other gas into a diesel ingine cylinder. Air, or other gas, is supplied continuously to the premix chamber through a port connected to a high pressure reservoir. Fuel is delivered into the premix chamber through a typical poppet injection nozzle. The passage orientation into the premix chamber and the magnitude of the fuel and air pressure determine the mixing level. By pressure of the air, the compressed fuel-air mixture is injected, into the diesel engine cylinder. To remove fuel remaining in the injection cavity and injection orifices, an air injection follows the fuel-air mixture injection. After the air injection, the fuel for the next cycle is promptly injected into the premix chamber to allow about 700 crank angle degrees for premixing with air and vaporization in the operation of a four stroke engine.

Abstract: An airblast fuel nozzel (16) for a gas turbine includes a central swirled airflow. The vanes (52) of the swirler (30) are cambered to provide smooth intercept and discharge of air, thereby effecting more uniform fuel distribution than the prior art.

Abstract: An air register apparatus, method, and arrangement is disclosed in which each air register includes two portions, one of which feeds combustion air to an inner, ignition zone where fuel is first ignited, the other of which feeds combustion air to an outer, supplemental zone where the main combustion takes place. These two register portions provide separate and discrete air streams having measurable characteristics which accurately reflect the characteristics of the overall flow through each register portion and which characteristics govern combustion characteristics in the associated zone. Each air stream passes through an inwardly spiralling scroll passageway having a simple upstream air valve at the entrance to the passageway for controlling the flow of air through the passageway. This upstream air valve is remote from the hostile environment of the furnace or other combustion device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a free flame burner with turbulent atomisation, which comprises a fuel oil feed pump, a combustion air feed fan and a compressor for feeding a fraction of the gaseous combustion products to a combustion chamber, wherein the fuel oil and said fraction of gaseous combustion products are fed, with mutually opposing rotary motion, to an atomiser nozzle in which the gas and fuel unite turbulently before being fed into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An adapter to permit an oil burner head to burn pulverized coal alone or in combination with other fuels features a manifold in the form of a mirrored pair of scrolls forming a part of the burner head. The interiors of the scrolls are divided into separate coal and air passages which open into the primary air passage of the burner head through outlets uniformly circularly disposed thereabout.

Abstract: A device for improved combustion of gaseous fuel and air includes a tubular housing and has a combustion chamber disposed about the tubular housing. A first conduit extends from one end of the tubular housing for the passage of air therethrough. A second conduit extends coaxially through the first conduit and tubular housing and has a circular baffle cooperative therewith so as to retard the passage of air. A circular opening in the second end of the tubular housing has an annular baffle disposed therein to assist in retarding flow of air. A series of curvilinear fins are disposed in a spiral configuration between the circular baffle and the annular baffle so as to effect a swirling motion of air passing therethrough. An end cap is attached to the end of the second conduit with a circular baffle at one end of the end cap, an annular baffle at the other end and fins disposed therebetween. Gaseous fuel passes through the second conduit and the end cap.

Abstract: Process and burner tip of an oil burner, in particular for carrying out the said process, for generating a sootless flame in pressure atomizer oil burners operating with oil atomizing cones, wherein the geometrical shape as regards length and width of the flame is determined by associating two channels (13, 24) guiding combustion air into a flame area and wherein the air volume supplied into each of the channels (13, 24) can be varied separately for the purpose of imparting to the combustion air a different whirl.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle suitable for use with high-viscosity slurries wherein a body (10) and forming element (40) include passageways (18, 22 and 48) that lead to a conical chamber (65) having a discharge annulus (66). The slurry exits discharge annulus (66) in a cylindrical continuous film. The inside of the film is exposed to swirled, compressed gas from an internal bore (50) of forming element (40) and the outside of the film is exposed to swirled compressed gas in a swirl chamber (72) to atomize and mix the slurry.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine is constructed with two major castings where one is the support and the other is the head, both welded together adjacent the fuel orifice plate. The fuel passage is cast into the support providing a smooth radius from the radial to axial flow path and a smooth transition from the circular to the annular cross section. This configuration allows dimension control over the filming lip and other critical dimensions of the nozzle.

Abstract: An air-blast fuel injector assembly for a gas turbine engine includes an annular shroud means operatively associated with a plurality of sleeve means one inside the other in spaced apart relation. The sleeve means form a liquid fuel-receiving chamber, a water or auxiliary fuel-receiving chamber inside the liquid fuel-receiving chamber for discharging water or auxiliary fuel in addition or alternatively to the liquid fuel, an inner air-receiving chamber for receiving and directing compressor discharge air into the fuel spray cone and/or water or auxiliary fuel to mix therewith from the inside. The shroud means forms an outer air-receiving chamber for receiving and directing other compressor discharge air into the fuel spray cone and/or water or auxiliary fuel from the outside for mixing purposes.

Abstract: A swirl-type internal flame recirculation burner as used to fire asphalt plant aggregate dryers, air heaters and calcining kilns and method includes an atomizer assembly for swirling primary air in two concentric streams with the inner stream swirling more rapidly than the outer stream. Fuel oil is blast atomized in a continuous sheet into the inner stream without prefilming and then is shear atomized as the inner and outer streams violently intermix. The burning and swirling fuel and primary air mixture recirculates upstream along the burner axis. Secondary air is swirled in the same direction as the primary air and surrounds the primary air stream to promote further mixing and internal recirculation. A metal frustro-conical flame holder surrounds the burner head to stabilize and shape the recirculation flame and shield low-burn flames from tertiary air. The swirl of the secondary air is also adjusted to shape the flame. The burner may also be fired on gas or a combination of gas and oil.

Abstract: A dispensing gun to deliver at point-of-use chemically reactive constituents or foam reactants in a predetermined volumetric ratio. The foam reactants are pre-packaged within pressurized containers connected to the gun through supply tubing. The dispensing gun has as its principal components: a body with a barrel, bore and pistol grip; a squeezable trigger housed in the pistol grip; a reactant supply and mixing component adjacent the front end of the bore; a reciprocating valve rod within the bore actuated by the trigger; and a bias means normally closing supply ports in the reactant supply and mixing component, and moving the trigger rearwardly of the pistol grip.

Abstract: A burner nozzle assembly is disclosed for atomizing liquid fuel at lower emission velocities, and comprises an axially extended nozzle body and a nozzle cap mounted forwardly thereon, the nozzle cap and nozzle body cooperating to define a flow reversing fluid path for the liquid fuel, to cause the fuel to move essentially countercurrent to its initial direction of flow, and to the flow of an auxiliary fluid disposed in an outer coaxial conduit. The reversal of flow of the liquid fuel, promotes a collision between it and the auxiliary fluid, to facilitate thorough atomization, without the need for increase in emission velocities, that results in higher fuel consumption and reduced per capita fuel utilization and heat radiation. The nozzle is adapted to operate in a variety of burner assemblies, including conventional burner guns, and is of simple construction.

Abstract: Reactive gases providing a coating on a substrate by CVD are made to meet in counterflow, in order to ensure, by the turbulence effect, that there is an almost instantaneous mixing of the reagents. The movement of the gases before contact is ensured by two pipes containing baffles, the effect of which is to cause the gases to rotate in opposite directions to one another.

Abstract: An aerodynamic apparatus for mixing components of a fuel mixture comprises two cylindrical chambers--a main chamber and an auxiliary chamber--for swirling the flow of a gaseous component of a fuel mixture which is fed through at least one admission pipe arranged tangentially to the cylindrical surface of the chamber. The outlet pipes for the components are arranged in end walls coaxially with the chambers, and the end of the pipe of the auxiliary chamber is within the main chamber. The ratio of the inside diameters d.sub.1 /d.sub.2 of the outlet pipes for components ranges from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A body is provided with at least two cylindrical swirl chambers used to form a liquid spray cone for injecting charge gases resulting from charging coal to the coke oven, and a liquid spray cone for cleaning coke-oven gas passing through the coke oven ascension pipe. The swirl chambers are made of different diameters and each has a separate tangentially oriented inlet and a separate axially directed spray nozzle. The chambers communicate with one another through a by-pass passage to provide flow of liquid from one swirl chamber to another one.

Abstract: A plural component dispensing nozzle having internal passages for the introduction of at least two components for mixing and dispensing, and having a one piece mixing chamber with impingement orifices axially spaced along the chamber, and having formed as a part thereof sealing flanges to develop the fluid flow passages into the mixing chamber, and to provide an isolation seal between the plural components as well as fluid seals between the flow passages and the nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle designed to reduce pollutant emissions and minimize the buildup of coke in the secondary fuel passage of a dual orifice fuel nozzle for the combustor of a gas turbine engine sizes the orifices and passages of the air and fuel so as to increase the pressure in the secondary passage during its inoperative mode and when the primary fuel passage is in the operative mode and having the air and fuel issuing from both the primary and secondary orifices swirl in the same direction.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine fuel burner comprises a convergent/divergent flow passage which receives a flow of swirling fuel and air upstream of the passage throat. The fuel and air mixture passes through the throat and is entrained into a further mass of swirling air which enters the passage through air swirlers in the wall of the divergent portion of the passage.The invention is intended to promote good fuel and air mixing, fine atomization and a reduction in carbon deposition on the burner.

Abstract: An improved process for the partial combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel is disclosed, the process being characterized by the introduction of steam into the combustion reactor through the interior of a burner gun, the steam being introduced as a jet which rotates about its axis and diverges in the form of a cone. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A swirl mixing device particularly suited for the thorough and complete mixing of a plurality of fluid reagents is disclosed. The swirl mixing device is generally composed of a cylindrically shaped container having a closed bottom and an open upper exhaust. A plurality of swirl injection levels are provided along the length of the container. Each of said swirl injection levels includes an injector set having a plurality of symmetrically spaced injectors distributed around the inner surface of the chamber wall in a plane perpendicular to the chambers's longitudinal axis. Each of said injectors in a given injector set has an injector axis directed at a given tangent circle with common radial and azimuthal directional components whereby the injected reagent enters the chamber with swirl.

Abstract: A pressure atomizing fuel nozzle of the type that has a primary and secondary fuel system for a gas turbine engine and includes air swirl means and water injection is designed so that the water laden airstream is swirling in the same direction as both the fuels egressing from the primary fuel system and the secondary fuel system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing carbon black in which combustion gas is introduced into a precombustion or combustion zone of a carbon black reactor in a manner to produce a vortex of combustion gases traveling axially through said reactor and a flow of fluid which contains feedstock is introduced into the reactor in a manner to produce another axially moving vortex internal to the combustion gas vortex with both of these vortices passed through a combustion zone to produce carbon black. In embodiments of the invention, method and apparatus for producing a vortex of feedstock, a vortex of cooling air interfaced with axially flowing feedstock, or combined vortices of feedstock and cooling air.

Abstract: A swirl burner and partial oxidation process for producing synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas from slurries of solid carbonaceous fuel and/or liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. The swirl burner may have pre-mix and/or high turndown features. By means of the burner a first reactant stream is split into a plurality of swirling streams by being passed down through a central bundle of helical tubes. Simultaneously a second reactant stream is split into a plurality of swirling streams by being passed down through a plurality of related passages formed in the cylindrical space that surrounds said central bundle of helical tubes and/or the interstices between the helical tubes. When the two swirling reactant feed streams impinge, either upstream from the face of the burner in a pre-mix zone or downstream from the face of the burner, in the gas generator, they are intimately mixed together. The combustion efficiency of the burner is thereby improved.

Abstract: A gas turbine fuel injection nozzle is disclosed in which the secondary fuel is spread into a very thin film entirely within a region of low air momentum. The fuel is therefore not affected by turbulence, and this results in an evenly circumferentially distributed fuel film at the discharge orifice of the nozzle resulting in an even and extremely fine spray of fuel to enhance proper engine performance.

Abstract: A snow gun for making artificial snow by atomizing a mixture of air and water is disclosed. The snow gun comprises a hollow body, a compressed air supply conduit terminated by an injection nozzle accommodated inside the hollow body and opening at an end into the hollow body. A pressurized water supply conduit opens into a space between the hollow body and the air supply conduit. A mixing chamber for mixing air and water communicates through an inlet port with the interior of the hollow body, the inlet port facing the discharge nozzle of the injection nozzle. The injection nozzle is displaceable longitudinally relative to the inlet port of the mixing chamber for adjusting the water flow passage to the mixing chamber. A needle valve adjusts the cross-sectional area of discharge orifice of the air injection nozzle. The mixing chamber comprises the bore of a main nozzle extending in the continuation of the injection nozzle.

Abstract: A combustion chamber arrangement for a gas turbine engine which can be annular or can-annular, though the annular arrangement is preferred, comprises in the annular form, an annular combustion chamber having in its upstream end a plurality of primary air inlets with associated swirling means, such as a ring of swirl vanes and a plurality of fuel injectors located in fuel injector apertures, the fuel injectors and primary air inlets being arranged so that at least two primary air inlets are located between any two fuel injectors, the primary air all being swirled in one direction so that the fuel from one injector is sheared in opposing directions by the swirling primary air from adjacent primary air inlets. Little or no air enters the combustion chamber in the region of the fuel injectors and any air that does enter in that region is not swirled.

Abstract: A spray nozzle comprises, in a housing, a hollow nozzle interior comprising a discharge chamber containing a nozzle outlet and, as a first stage of turbulence, an annular chamber coaxially about the central axis of the nozzle outlet, and feed channels which lead from the annular chamber at least approximately tangentially to the periphery of the discharge chamber, and supply duct means for feeding liquid to the first stage of turbulence comprising feed channels feeding liquid tangentially. The hollow nozzle interior further comprises at least one additional stage of turbulence, and between two successive stages of turbulence, at least one obstacle breaking up the liquid flowing from the upstream to the downstream stage of turbulence and deflecting the liquid out of the flow plane through the annular chamber towards the side of the nozzle outlet by an angle of maximally 90.degree..