Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a foam spraying can with excellent pressure resistance, including a spray head, a liquid tank lid, a liquid tank, wherein the spray head is inserted in the liquid tank lid, the liquid tank lid is engaged on a liquid injection port of the liquid tank, a polygon hole is provided in the interior of the spray head, a metal tube is provided in the spray head, a polygon positioning element is provided on the metal tube, the metal tube is inserted in the polygon hole, the polygon positioning element is engaged in the polygon hole, the spray head sprays foam through a nozzle, and the metal tube connects the spray head and the nozzle.

Abstract: An exhaust gas post-treatment device for an internal combustion engine mixes exhaust gas with a reducing agent. The exhaust gas post-treatment device comprises a mixing chamber through which the exhaust gas circulates and a reducing agent sprayer that sprays a reducing agent in the mixing chamber. The reducing agent sprayer comprises at least one first nozzle and at least one second nozzle, where said at least one first nozzle is designed to produce small droplets, and said at least one second nozzle is designed to produce large droplets.

Abstract: An air treatment system is provided which includes an appliance and a replaceable cartridge installable therein. The replaceable cartridge contains a liquid compound to be aerosolized and has a cartridge outlet through which the aerosolized compound is discharged during operation. A pump is provided to supply air to the replaceable cartridge to generate the aerosolized compound from the liquid compound contained in the replaceable cartridge, and a controller is provided for controlling the pump to supply the air to the replaceable cartridge to generate and discharge the aerosolized compound from the appliance. The appliance may further include a lift mechanism to assist in receiving the cartridge and moving the cartridge from a loading position to an operational position. The appliance may also communicate with a smartphone or other external device to provide additional functionality.

Abstract: A turbine engine cleaning system includes a foaming nozzle. The foaming nozzle includes a wall having a thickness between an outer surface of the wall and an inner surface of the wall. The outer surface of the wall is configured to contact a detergent in which the foaming nozzle is configured to be disposed. The inner surface of the wall surrounds an inner plenum of the foaming nozzle, and the inner plenum is configured to receive an aerating gas. The foaming nozzle also includes a first row of first through holes fluidly coupled to, and extending between, a first row of first through hole inlets at the inner surface of the wall and a first row of first through hole outlets at the outer surface of the wall.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a fuel delivery tube; a plurality of pre-mixing tubes, each pre-mixing tube comprising at least one fuel injection hole; an upstream tube support plate that supports upstream ends of the plurality of pre-mixing tubes; a downstream tube support plate that supports downstream ends of the plurality of pre-mixing tubes; an outer wall connecting the upstream tube support plate and the downstream tube support plate and defining a plenum therewith; and a baffle provided in the plenum. The baffle includes a radial portion. A fuel delivered in the upstream direction by the fuel delivery tube is directed radially outwardly in the plenum between the radial portion of the baffle and the downstream tube support plate, then in the downstream direction around an outer edge portion of the radial portion, and then radially inwardly between the radial portion and the upstream tube support plate.

Abstract: A processing apparatus is provided to process a workpiece. The processing apparatus can have a low-profile nozzle system capable of navigating through spaces in order to process target regions with relatively small clearances. A fluid jet outputted from the nozzle system is used to cut, mill, or otherwise process the target region of the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of forming droplets comprises flowing a liquid through a channel; spreading the liquid into a thin film in the channel; and impinging the thin film with a flowing gas to atomize the liquid into droplets. The droplets may then be dried to produce dried particles, such as particles comprising a pharmaceutical active agent. The droplets formed by the disclosed process have improved size and/or size distribution characteristics.

Abstract: In a method for coating a component using a liquid, a liquid curtain is produced with the aid of a fan jet nozzle which has two adjustable nozzle pipes.

Abstract: A processing apparatus is provided to process a workpiece. The processing apparatus can have a low-profile nozzle system capable of navigating through spaces in order to process target regions with relatively small clearances. A fluid jet outputted from the nozzle system is used to cut, mill, or otherwise process the target region of the workpiece.

Abstract: A burner apparatus includes a first tube having a first longitudinal bore and a second tube having a second longitudinal bore. The second tube is disposed within the first longitudinal bore such that an annular space is defined between the second tube and the first tube. The burner apparatus further includes a nozzle formed at a tip of the second tube. A plurality of side holes are formed in the nozzle. The side holes are slanted relative to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle and are in communication with the second longitudinal bore.

Abstract: A cross-flow injector is used to introduce fluids into a chemical vapor deposition process chamber separately and simultaneously for efficiently atomizing and vaporizing the fluids. The cross-flow injector consists of a three port cavity having an inlet nozzle, a throat region, and an exit nozzle. The injector cavity is defined by the tapering of the inlet and exit nozzles to the smaller diameter of the throat region. The tapering allows for pressure differentials at the inlet, throat, and exit regions, and assures the inlet pressure being much greater than the exit region. The throat region consists of additional apertures for injecting dopants and precursors within the fluid flow. The pressure differential at the throat region atomizes and vaporizes the injected dopant and precursor fluids. In a second embodiment, the injector cavity consists of two ports, having an inlet nozzle and a throat region.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle comprises a body member having an upstream wall opposing a downstream wall, a baffle member having an upstream surface and a downstream surface, a first chamber, a second chamber, a fuel inlet communicative with the first chamber operative to emit a first gas into the first chamber, and a plurality of mixing tubes, each of the mixing tubes having a tube inner surface, a tube outer surface, a first inlet communicative with an aperture in the upstream wall operative to receive a second gas, a second inlet communicative with the tube outer surface and the tube inner surface operative to translate the first gas into the mixing tube, a mixing portion operative to mix the first gas and the second gas, and an outlet communicative with an aperture in the downstream wall operative to emit the mixed first and second gasses.

Abstract: A method of forming droplets comprises flowing a liquid through a channel; spreading the liquid into a thin film in the channel; and impinging the thin film with a flowing gas to atomize the liquid into droplets. The droplets may then be dried to produce dried particles, such as particles comprising a pharmaceutical active agent. The droplets formed by the disclosed process have improved size and/or size distribution characteristics.

Abstract: The nozzle for introducing and for metered addition of a treatment medium into the exhaust gas stream in combustion processes comprises a nozzle tube (2) and an inner displacement body (1) having a round cross section to form a nozzle ring gap (14). The displacement body (1) borders a mixing chamber (18) inside the nozzle tube (2) and on this end has a tapered area (3) with which it is held exclusively on a feed tube (5) for the treatment medium. The feed tube (5) crosses through a pressure chamber (6.1), which has two axial bordering walls (4, 7). The feed tube is held in these bordering walls, with a holder (12) being provided in the bordering wall (4), allowing the carrier medium from the pressure chamber (6.1) to flow through to the nozzle gap (14).

Abstract: An arrangement for supplying a medium to an exhaust line of a combustion engine. The arrangement comprises a first exhaust passage defined by at least a first wall surface of an element, and a dosing device supplying the medium to the first exhaust passage. The arrangement is adapted to maintaining a degree of heating of the first wall surface so that the latter will be at a higher temperature than the medium's vaporization point when the liquid medium is supplied in the first exhaust passage. Therefore, even the medium which reaches the first wall surface will vaporize in the first exhaust passage.

Abstract: An improved singlet oxygen generator (SOG) and method of using gas phase electronically excited states of oxygen for bio-medical and chemical treatment applications are disclosed. According to the invention, both gas phase O2(1?) and O2(1?) are used for medical treatment, sterilization, and deactivation of biological and chemical agents, including diseased tissue and biological and chemical weapons. The improved SOG is compact and scalable, portable, capable of operating in a zero-gravity or low gravity environment, may use gaseous diluent or buffer gas, and is capable of operating at pressures as high as one atmosphere. The SOG is capable of operating within a short distance of the target site for the electronically excited states of oxygen, which are delivered to the target site via a conduit. The SOG and delivery system provide higher yields of electronically excited oxygen with longer lifetimes suitable for bio-medical applications.

Abstract: A high-pressure liquid projection assembly for cleaning and/or deburring industrial parts, having a housing with an inlet adapted for connection with a pressurized liquid source, an outlet and a fluid passageway connecting the inlet to the outlet. A fluid chamber is formed in the housing and disposed around an intermediate portion of the passageway. At least one opening is formed in the housing which fluidly connects the chamber to the passageway while a control port on the housing is fluidly connected to the chamber. The control port is adapted to be connected to a variable flow pressurized liquid source to thereby vary the projection cone pattern from the outlet as a function of the valve opening.

Abstract: In a washing nozzle for use on vehicles for applying a liquid cleaning or washing medium, means are provided for acting within the nozzle on a main jet generated in the nozzle with a collision jet in order thus to modify the nozzle jet which emerges.

Abstract: A bi-propellant rocket engine may include a primary propellant flowing in a central passageway, a secondary propellant flowing in a secondary passageway generally coaxial with central passageway and a pintle tip having a central chamber sidewall coaxial with the primary passageway and surrounding a central chamber, the central chamber sidewall having a first plurality of apertures there through so that some of the primary propellant exits the central chamber transverse to the flow of the secondary propellant in the secondary passageway. The pintle tip may have a secondary chamber sidewall, substantially thicker than the primary chamber sidewall, surrounding a secondary chamber downstream of and in fluid communication with the primary chamber, the secondary chamber sidewall having a second plurality of apertures there through so that some of the primary propellant exits the secondary chamber transverse to the flow of the secondary propellant in the secondary passageway.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments related to a chemical sprayer that includes a sprayer head assembly and a container. The container defines a cavity for storing a chemical to be sprayed. The sprayer head assembly includes a chemical passage, a carrier fluid passage, a vent passage, a valve chamber and a valve. The chemical passage is communication with the cavity. The carrier fluid passage is in communication with a carrier fluid source. Both the carrier fluid and chemical passages are in communication with the valve chamber. The valve is moveably positioned within the valve chamber and defines at least partially a first passage and a second passage. The first passage is configured so as to be in communication with the chemical passage when the valve is in an open position. The second passage is configured so as to be in communication with the carrier fluid passage when the valve is in the open position.

Abstract: What is disclosed herein deals with low to medium pressure, high temperature, all ceramic, air-to-air, indirect heat exchangers, novel ball joints, high load-bearing ceramic tube sheets, and tube seal extenders for ceramic tubes that are useful in such heat exchangers. Also disclosed are new and novel systems used in new and novel industrial processes such as chemical processing, sludge destruction and the production of particulates such as, for example, carbon black. Systems utilizing several heat exchangers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for uniformly injecting a fluid stream into a gas stream at elevated temperature by means of an injection nozzle comprising a nozzle head and a supply inner tube being concentrically surrounded with an outer casing tube spaced apart from the inner supply tube. It comprises passing the fluid stream through the inner tube and the nozzle head and maintaining temperature of the fluid stream in the inner tube by providing thermal insulation in at least part of an annular space between the inner tube and the outer tube. Further it comprises maintaining a constant flow of the fluid inside the inner tube and nozzle head by plugging the nozzle head at outlet end and spraying the fluid stream through a number of nozzle holes provided in the nozzle head adjacent to the outlet end of the nozzle head.

Abstract: A metal atomizing device includes a casing with an inlet tube for providing liquid metal into the casing and an outlet is defined through the casing. The inlet tube and the outlet share a common axis. A polygonal impact member is located at an outlet of the inlet tube and a plurality of gas inlets are connected to the casing so as to provide noble gas into the casing and mixed with the liquid metal that impacts on the impact member. A collection member is located at the outlet of the casing and a pipe communicates with the collection member and the inlet tube so as to send the larger particles into the casing.

Abstract: An atomizer nozzle (1) for fuels, in particular for feeding them into a chemical reformer for obtaining hydrogen, has a nozzle body (2) containing spray-discharge orifices (3) that discharge into a metering space, and has at least one metering aperture (6). The spray-discharge orifices (3) are situated at elevation levels (4) so as to have a radial directional component with respect to a center line (10) of the nozzle body (2), each elevation step having at least one spray-discharge orifice (3), and the spray-discharge orifices (3) of at least one elevation level (4) being connected to at least one channel (14) of a nozzle-body insert (5) that has at least one flow-through opening (11).

Abstract: A system and method for injecting a low-pressure spray of solution into a high-pressure spray of liquid produced by a pressure washing system. The system comprises a liquid storage tank for the solution that is operable to be pressurized. The system comprises a wand that is coupled to the liquid storage tank and securable to a high-pressure wand. The system may comprise a high-pressure pump that is operable to produce a high-pressure flow of fluid to the high-pressure wand. The pressure stored in the liquid storage tank provides the force to drive the solution to the discharge of the high-pressure wand.

Abstract: A nozzle for mixing and delivering two or more components and method of use thereof. One variation provides a nozzle that injects a first component, such as fuel, into a flow plume for a second component, such as nitrous oxide, for use with combustion engines. The nozzle receives two or more separate flows of components (e.g., gases and/or liquids), one of which is pressurized so as to be outputtable from the nozzle as a plume. The plume is directed so as to encompass an output extension for the other component near the plume edge, thereby enhancing mixture of the components. In addition, the plume produces a low pressure draw of the second component from the output extension, the low pressure draw varying with plume velocity, in turn varying with delivery pressure of the first component. The plume flow of the second component also atomizes the first component, further enhancing mixing.

Abstract: A chemical injector for injecting fluid chemical into a pipeline having an axis wherein the pipeline has fluid flow moving from an upstream to a downstream direction. The chemical injector includes an injector tube having an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of the pipeline. An injector tube tip extends from the injector tube having an angled end, wherein the angled end forms a line extending from the injector tube axis toward the downstream direction at an acute angle. A circular aperture through the tube tip angled end of the injector tube assists in dispersing the fluid chemical in the pipeline.

Abstract: An atomization chamber apparatus used for aircraft pesticide delivery, which has an open ended walled chamber, divided into left and right sections, each having outer and inner segments, each segment having a top and a bottom wall, the outer segments having a same radius concave upper wall and a convex lower wall, while the inner segments have a same radius convex radius upper wall and a concave lower wall. A nozzle injector connectable to a fluid pesticide source is laterally disposed in an inner segment. The nozzle is chosen such that exiting pesticide will not impact the chamber walls, and the radii of the segments are chosen such that the speed of pesticide atomization by the incoming air is slowed down to reduce fines upon pesticide impact, and the speed of the pesticide air mixture on exiting the chamber is increased to substantially match the airspeed of the aircraft.

Abstract: A silencer (25a) for the attenuation of noise occurring in an intake airstream (10, 27) of a gas turbine (1–3) includes a device or devices (31, 32, 33, 34) for the introduction of water and/or steam into the intake airstream (10, 27). These devices may be designed, in particular, in the form of Venturi tubes (31), the water (29) being supplied, in particular above the saturation limit, to the airstream (27) via nozzles (33) arranged at the narrowest point. In this way, the silencing can be combined at the same time with the introduction of water for increasing the power output or for the general regulation of the gas turbine, this being achieved with a comparatively simple design.

Abstract: A fogging device (26) for introducing water and/or vapor into an intake air flow (10, 27) of a gas turbine (1–3) includes a sound-absorbing device (31, 35). This device may in particular be designed in the form of Venturi tubes (31), the water (29) being fed to the air flow (27) via nozzles (33) arranged at the narrowest location. In this way, the spraying of water for increasing the power output or for generally regulating the gas turbine can at the same time be combined with a silencer, and this in a comparatively simple construction.

Abstract: A device and a method for generating a mist for camouflaging ships, vehicles, air vehicles and stationary objects within infrared and radar wavelengths. The device generates mist by a liquid, for instance water, being injected into a flow of air which is supplied from an air duct, through a nozzle directed towards the flow of air. The flow of air atomizes the liquid and spreads the atomized liquid as a mist.

Abstract: A pivoting blow-gun with a pivoting barrel having sufficient strength to receive pressurized air while at the same time dimensioned to allow the manipulation of the pivoting barrel into non-linear configurations which non-linear configurations are maintainable during use of the blow-gun in order to use the pivoting blow-gun to reach areas which would otherwise be hard to reach. A quick-connect attachment device can be used to permit relatively fast and easy changing of barrels.

Abstract: A programmable odor-bearing substance diffusion device includes a number n of odor diffusion devices, where n is equal to or greater than 1, each odor diffusion device including a store of an odor source which is dispensed by the odor diffusion device, a device for independently controlling each odor diffusion device to emit a single odor or a mixture of odors from a by a combination of p of the n stores, and a programmable control device for establishing odor peak emission cycles and a predetermined interval between two successive emission cycles, the predetermined interval being based on an olfactory saturation and desaturation times of the olfactory system of a user.

Abstract: A two-fluid cleaning jet nozzle comprises a mixing part mixing two types of externally supplied fluids with each other for preparing a fluid mixture, a straight pipe linearly and tubularly formed along a prescribed accelerating direction toward the surface of a cleaned substance for accelerating the aforementioned fluid mixture received from the mixing part along the aforementioned accelerating direction, and a bent part connected to an outlet of the straight pipe. The bent part has an inner surface communicating with the inner surface of the straight pipe. The inner surface of the bent part defines a convexly bent curved surface to spread outward with respect to a space receiving the fluid mixture injected from the straight pipe.

Abstract: A two-medium spraying nozzle is provided with a mixing chamber arranged in a housing and with one connection duct respectively leading into this mixing chamber for the feeding of a gaseous and of a liquid medium. A mouthpiece is connected behind the mixing chamber, in which mouthpiece a rotationally symmetrical central outlet opening is provided. In the bore of the mouthpiece, a swirl insert is arranged, and the outlet opening has a diameter which corresponds to no more than half the diameter of the bore of the mouthpiece. Such a two-medium spraying nozzle is unsusceptible to clogging and is particularly suitable for atomizing low-viscosity fluids for the cooling of continuous-casting systems for the production of steel.

Abstract: A liquid two part cleaning composition for hard surfaces, and a two chamber bottle for dispensing the cleaner are disclosed. The cleaner includes a first basic liquid and a second acidic liquid. At least one of the liquids includes a surfactant system. At least one of the liquids includes a foam inhibitor. When the first and second liquid are dispensed on a surface, carbon dioxide gas released instantaneously creates a quickly breaking foam on the surface. The bottle has horizontal orientation of the first and second chamber that assures a user's thumb is on the front wall and a user's fingers are on the rear wall of the bottle when dispensing. The horizontal orientation provides an ergonomically advantageous wide range of motion. The positioning of a user's thumb on the front wall of the bottle allows for design adjustments in the bottle to achieve equal dispensing from both chambers.

Abstract: A two phase fuel oil atomizer utilizing a secondary media such as high pressure steam or air to assist in the atomization of heavy fuel oil, while reducing NOx and other polluting emissions. The fuel oil atomizer comprises a mixing plate and a sprayer plate which are configured to discharge atomized fuel oil at varying spray angles in order to provide staging of the atomized fuel as it exits the sprayer plate with the surrounding combustion chamber air to provide a fuel/air ratio that is appropriately rich and lean in order to allow lower flame temperatures. NOx generation is accordingly reduced at the lower flame temperatures. With atomized fuel droplet size small enough to enable rapid fuel evaporation and complete combustion, low CO, opacity and particulate generation are achieved with minimum excess oxygen.

Abstract: A high frequency pulsed fuel injector is disclosed. The fuel injector incorporates a resonance tube in outlet fluid communication with a fuel nozzle. During operation the resonance tube provides a pulsating output which is directed into the fuel nozzle. The pulsating output of the resonance tube perturbs the flow of fuel in the fuel nozzle, effectively breaking it up into discrete slugs or chunks for subsequent combustion in a combustion chamber. The combustion process is greatly enhanced by this breakup of the fuel jet, improving combustion efficiency as well as reducing undesirable emissions.

Abstract: A flexible charged powder particle application device consisting of a resistor unit in contact with a power source on one side thereof and with wiring on a second side thereof, the resistor being found within an electrode block unit with a centerhole and connected to an electrode block extension unit with a centerhole all within housing and with the wiring being insulated within flexible tubing material being attached at one end to splines on an end of the extension unit such that the tubing is amenable to carriage within it of the wiring as well as accommodating within it, a flow of powder particles introduced under pressure into the centerholes such that charge from the power source via the wiring and the powder particles under pressure are amenable to concomitant expulsion from the tubing held at a second end by splines on an electrode hub holding an electrode base and electrode and adapter nozzle via a held base bushing and adapter screw lock into and about the housed electrode out through the hub for ult

Abstract: A nozzle device including a nozzle body, a central jet channel which has a first fluid admitted to it, an opening region which widens conically in the jet direction and from which the central jet channel extends, and another channel which opens out into the central jet channel and with which a second fluid can be fed to the first fluid.

Abstract: An air brush type sprayer includes a can with a base extending from the can and a liquid outlet member is threadedly connected to a top of the base. A tube connected between an interior of the can and the liquid outlet member. A nozzle assembly is connected to a compressor and a nozzle and a connection part both extend from the nozzle assembly. The connection part is snapped to the base so that the gap is easily adjusted by rotating the liquid outlet member.

Abstract: An injection valve is provided with vibration to dislodge residue therefrom and to thus avoid injection valve clogging. A wave generator which preferably generates an ultrasonic sine wave, is operatively coupled to the vaporization region of the injection valve (i.e., via the injection block, via a piezoelectric valve controller, etc.). The wave may be applied to the injection valve whenever vaporization takes place, in which case a removable trap is coupled between the injection valve and the processing chamber. Alternatively, the sonic wave may be applied to the injection valve only in conjunction with a chamber cleaning process.

Abstract: A plate burner for combusting hydrogen with air as an oxidizer forms a wall portion of a combustion chamber for example of a gas turbine. The plate burner is so constructed that air and hydrogen are separately guided to the downstream surface area facing into the combustion chamber for forming a large number of diffusive microcombustion flames, thus achieving a very low mixing scale simultaneously with a high nixing intensity. The number of diffusive micorcombustion flames is so selected that the NOx content in the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber is at the most 10×10−6 cubic foot per cubic foot of exhaust gas. The hydrogen enters the entrance area into the combustion chamber either through a porous wall, and air is injected into the hydrogen environment to form inverse diffusive microcombustion flames or the hydrogen is injected through a multitude of fine holes into high velocity air jets forming regular diffusion flames.

Abstract: A paint injector for digital printing in which paint is deposited in metered amounts on a print medium comprises a wheel rotatable by a shaft of a motor, an idler disposed in a paint reservoir, and an endless cable disposed around the wheel and the idler. The motor is preferably computer controlled such that the rotation of the wheel and thus movement of the cable is selectively controlled. As the wheel is rotated, paint contained within the paint reservoir coats the cable and is thus drawn by the cable in front of an air stream. The air stream pulls the paint from the cable and carries it toward the print medium. By employing a plurality of such paint injectors into a single print head, each containing a different color of paint, and secured to a computer controlled, movable carriage positioned over the print medium, a digital image can be painted by the print head on the print medium.

Abstract: A purification device utilizing ozone, this device comprising a body member having an internal passage through which propellant gas is constrained to flow under pressure, with the internal passage forming an outlet at a downstream location in the body member. Liquid is supplied in limited quantities to the propellant gas in the internal passage, with the introduction of the liquid into the propellant gas causing thin ribbons and threads of liquid to flow into and with the gas flowing out of the outlet and to break into fine particles. An ozone supplying conduit is disposed in a central location in the outlet, with the conduit arranged to emit ozone into the propellant gas at a location near the outlet and to create a turbulent propellant gas region downstream of the ozone conduit. The propellant gas flows around the ozone conduit at a substantial velocity and thus serves to induce the flow of ozone from the conduit.

Abstract: Mixing means, for producing a flow mixture of oil and steam, is combined with an atomizing nozzle to provide a nozzle assembly which produces a jet of very fine oil droplets. The nozzle assembly is used in conjunction with a reactor, such as a fluidized bed coker. The mixing means comprises a pipe, external of the reactor, having separate, spaced apart inlets for oil and steam. The steam inlet is upstream of the oil inlet. A reducing diameter nozzle is positioned in the pipe bore between the inlets, for accelerating the steam. The steam contacts the oil and turbulently moves down the pipe bore to produce what is known as a "bubbly flow" mixture. The mixture is fed to the nozzle, which is internal of the reactor.

Abstract: A spray generator has a gas duct (1, 6, 10, 14, 16, 21) from which issues a stream of gas in various configurations according to the shape of the delivery end. Liquid is directed by nozzles (3, 11) or other means (13, 18, 22) transversely into the gas stream, although it may have a directional component going with that stream and/or a component to generate swirl. The relative speeds and amounts of gas and liquid cause the liquid to break up into droplets (9, 24) which form discrete clusters (5, 8) in a compact spray pattern. Secondary gas streams (17, 23) can be applied further to shape the spray pattern.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to achieve lower NOx combustion in response to the increasingly intensified NOx regulations for burners. The present invention provides a low nitrogen oxides generating combustion method and apparatus which utilizes effective self-induced exhaust gas recirculation before the initiation of the combustion of diffusion flames, or allows part of the combustion gas to be entrained by auxiliary fuel flow, air flow and fuel flow before the formation of the diffusion flames to further intensify the recirculation flow of the combustion gas by the diffusion flames or, in addition, which can achieve rich and lean combustion in the diffusion flames for decreasing the generation of NOx by a combination of these measures, and which are excellent in flame stability even in a low temperature atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and equipment for producing foam bitumen. Water is mixed to hot bitumen under a pressure which is lower than the prevailing absolute pressure, and after this the pressure is allowed to rise and the flow rate to drop. The mixing of water and bitumen occurs in a foaming reactor (17), which is connected via a pipeline (6, 8, 9, 10) to a spray bar (1), which also acts as a heat exchanger, and the changes in the flow caused by an inclination in the spray bar are compensated by means of pipes (6) and valves (7). The entire equipment is thermally insulated, and a part of it may be provided with electric heating to prevent the bitumen from solidifying. It is possible to circulate hot bitumen in the equipment by opening a valve (12), whereby the entire equipment is brought to an operating temperature.

Abstract: A spray generator has a gas duct (1, 6, 10, 14, 16, 21) from which issues a stream of gas in various configurations according to the shape of the delivery end. Liquid is directed by nozzles (3, 11) or other means (13, 18, 22) transversely into the gas stream, although it may have a directional component going with that stream and/or a component to generate swirl. The relative speeds and amounts of gas and liquid cause the liquid to break up into droplets (9, 24) which form discrete clusters (5, 8) in a compact spray pattern. Secondary gas streams (17, 23) can be applied further to shape the spray pattern.