Abstract: An electrostatic spray gun includes a power supply, an enclosure having a wall and a valve providing access through the wall to evacuate the enclosure. Components of the power supply are housed in the enclosure and subject to the atmosphere within the enclosure.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device has a removable cartridge with a reservoir containing a volume of liquid compositions to be electrically sprayed. The reservoir is deformable according to inner pressure and configured to provide a removable cartridge. The device includes a dispensing unit for spraying the liquid composition. The dispensing unit includes a nozzle for dispensing the liquid composition and an emitter electrode which charges the liquid composition for electrostatically spraying the liquid composition out through the nozzle. A suction pump is integrated into the dispensing unit in an immediately upstream relation with the reservoir for feeding the liquid composition from the reservoir to the nozzle. Thus, the suction pump can be concentrated together with the emitter electrode and the nozzle into the dispensing unit on one end of the reservoir, enabling to realize the cartridge of a compact design.

Abstract: The liquid is supplied to an emitter electrode which is provided at a tip of a liquid carrier, receives a high voltage, is electrical-charged, and discharged as a mist of charged minute water particles of nanometer order from the emitter electrode. The emitter electrode discharges the mist of the charged minute water particles of micron order at the same time by a pressure which is applied to the liquid which is supplied to the tip of the emitter electrode. An electrostatically atomizing device supplies liquid to an emitter electrode of a tip of a liquid carrier, applies the high voltage to the liquid, electrically-charges the liquid, and causes the emitter electrode to discharge a mist of charged minute water particles of nanometer order. In addition, the electrostatically atomizing device applies a pressure to the emitter electrode and causes the emitter electrode to discharge a mist of the charged minute water particles of micron order.

Abstract: A spray apparatus for coating material, in particular for coating powders, contains a spray outlet spraying the coating material, a shaping air outlet in the form of a plurality of holes shaping the spray jet and an ambient-air passage radially configured between the spray outlet and the holes to aspirate ambient air by means of the flow suction effect of the spray jet and/or of the shaping air flow.

Abstract: A nozzle for a powder spray gun optionally includes an internal filter that allows air to be added to the powder flow within the nozzle shell. The nozzle may optionally include an off-axis outlet slot relative to a main flow axis of the powder into the nozzle shell so that powder encounters an obstruction before exiting through the outlet slot.

Abstract: An electrostatic atomizer comprises a fluid channel terminating in one or more orifices; means for controlling the flow of fluid out of the orifices; means for electrically charging fluid so that the fluid atomizes when it exits the or each orifice, wherein the atomizer further comprises control means which automatically pulse the flow ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ and control means which automatically pulse the application of the charging voltage ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’, the ‘ON’ flow pulse and the ‘ON’ charging pulse being set to substantially coincide one with another, said control means switching electronically the charging voltage ‘ON’/‘OFF’.

Abstract: The present invention includes a nozzle device and method for forming a composite fluid. The nozzle device generally comprises a nozzle portion connected to a main body. The main body includes an inner axial bore extending therethrough. An annular wall extends radially therefore and an annulus extends from an outer perimeter of the annular wall. The annulus and the annular wall define an annular chamber at least partially open to the atmosphere. A portal fluidly communicates the bore with the annular chamber. The nozzle portion includes a converging nose section also having an internal axial bore extending therethrough. An annular collar extends from the nose section and disposes at least partially within the annular chamber. A first tube for transporting a first fluid disposes within the axial bore of the main body and nose section, terminating at an exit port of the nozzle section.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for manufacturing ultra-fine particles using an electrospray device is disclosed. One or more capillary provided at its tip with a nozzle is positioned within a guide duct and precursors such as metal organic materials and metal halogen compounds, or nonvolatile substances or volatile substances are supplied to the capillary. Voltages are applied to the capillary and the guide duct, respectively, so that a voltage difference is generated therebetween and the highly charged liquid droplets from the capillary are sprayed. The sprayed liquid droplets are carried along the guide duct together with carrier gas injected into the guide duct. When heat energy is applied to the liquid droplets, chemical reactions of the liquid droplets occur. A collecting plate positioned in front of the guide duct collects ultra-fine particles formed by the chemical reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for electrifying spacers and an apparatus for scattering spacers using the same. For the purpose of maintaining a cell gap of a LCD, the spacer is electrified to have a first electrified voltage by a first electrifying pipe having a first curvature, and the spacer is electrified by a second electrifying pipe having a second curvature to have a second electrified voltage level high enough to prevent the spacers from being lumped. Thus, the spacer is not lumped by increasing an electrified voltage thereof, thereby preventing a quality of an image from being deteriorated, the spacer from being lost.

Abstract: A retaining ring for a coating material dispenser including a nozzle for the discharge of coating material and a cap having a plurality of orifices arrayed in a spatial orientation with respect to the nozzle to supply a flow of gas or a mixture of gases to aid in dispensing of the coating material from the nozzle. The retaining ring is adapted for retaining the cap on the coating material dispenser with the plurality of orifices in the spatial orientation. The retaining ring includes first and second members. The second member is adapted for coupling to the coating material dispenser. The first member includes a first torque limiting driving member. The second member includes a second torque limiting driven member for engaging the first torque limiting driving member to limit the torque which the second member can apply to the coating material dispenser in response to manipulation of the first member.

Abstract: A corona charge spray gun for dispensing powders for powder coatings. The spray gun includes a housing defining a chamber terminating in an outlet passageway. A high voltage electrode is mounted in the chamber spaced upstream of the outlet passageway and a ground electrode is mounted in the chamber spaced upstream from the high voltage electrode. The ground electrode is selected to have a surface area sufficiently larger than the surface area of the high voltage electrode in order to allow high voltages to be applied to the high voltage electrode without arch discharging occurring in the chamber. An inlet opens into the chamber for conducting a powder-gas mixture into the chamber and the electrodes receive cleaning gases for avoiding powder deposits on the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray device and a cartridge for an electrostatic spray device that reduce the occurrence of electrically induced emulsion product separation are disclosed. The device and/or the cartridge may reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by providing a conductive high voltage shield substantially around the product reservoir. Alternatively, the device and/or the cartridge may prevent the product located at the charging location from being in fluid communication with the product reservoir so that the product that is being charged cannot flow back into the product reservoir. The device and/or cartridge may alternatively reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by minimizing the volume of product between the charging location and the exit orifice of the nozzle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to improve the atomization of liquid and the efficiency of depositing liquid particles onto target objects, or to coat the target object with a thin film of liquid, to reduce the risk of high-voltage electrical shock, and to reduce the weight of an electrostatic spray system has been developed by inducing electrostatic charges onto the atomized liquid particles sprayed from a grounded metal nozzle.

Abstract: A powder coating gun with an internal fan and a quick-change powder cartridge. Pressurized air generated by the fan entrains the powder coating material from the powder cartridge and the entrained powder coating material is charged in the ionizing field created by an emitter. The replaceable cartridge contains an inlet line and an outlet line oriented in a manner that allows the powder gun to be positioned in different angles and orientations with minimal risk of a powder spill from the powder coating gun. The powder cartridge contains a lid for supporting an inlet line and a body part constructed of clear or translucent material that allows the user to easily view the color of the powder. An electric power supply is used to power the fan and the emitter. A trigger is present in the handle of the powder coating gun and both controls the speed of the fan and enables the charge to the emitter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a triboelectric sprayer for spraying electrostatic powder paint, comprising a powder intake, an air intake, a conduit transporting air and powder while providing the electrical charge of the powder and, in front of the charging conduit, means for emitting at least an air-powder mixture jet. The air intake is located in the axis of the charging conduit, while the powder intake is arranged laterally and converges in an acute angle with the air intake, in a point located upstream of the charging conduit. The air intake includes of an injector made of electrically conductive material which also constitutes an earthing member of the wall of the charging conduit.

Abstract: A dispensing device for dispensing a material. The dispensing device includes a somewhat cup-shaped interior opening in a first direction in which the material is to be dispensed from the dispensing device. The interior terminates at a discharge edge. The dispensing device further includes a skirt extending from the discharge edge in a second direction generally opposite the first direction. The skirt includes multiple passageways substantially equally spaced around a perimeter of the skirt.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for manufacturing ultra-fine particles using an electrospray device is disclosed. One or more capillary provided at its tip with a nozzle is positioned within a guide duct and precursors such as metal organic materials and metal halogen compounds, or nonvolatile substances or volatile substances are supplied to the capillary. Voltages are applied to the capillary and the guide duct, respectively, so that a voltage difference is generated therebetween and the highly charged liquid droplets from the capillary are sprayed. The sprayed liquid droplets are carried along the guide duct together with carrier gas injected into the guide duct. When heat energy is applied to the liquid droplets, chemical reactions of the liquid droplets occur. A collecting plate positioned in front of the guide duct collects ultra-fine particles formed by the chemical reactions.

Abstract: A quick color change system for powder coating spray systems includes a powder pump having a powder inlet and a powder outlet, and a powder flow path extending straight from the powder inlet to the powder outlet on a single longitudinal axis, a pump frame on which the powder pump is mounted, and a carriage on which the pump frame is mounted, wherein the pump frame may be moved linearly along the carriage. The pump may be used with separate flow air and atomizing air inlets.

Abstract: A minute droplet forming apparatus comprises a nozzle 1 for storing therewithin a liquid 2 for forming a droplet 3; a substrate 5, disposed so as to face the tip of the nozzle 1, for mounting the droplet 3 dropped from the tip of the nozzle 1; and a pulse power supply 10 for applying a pulse voltage between an electrode 12 arranged in the liquid 2 within the nozzle 1 and the substrate 5. After a liquid column 2a is formed by projecting the liquid from the nozzle tip by applying the pulse voltage between substrate 5 and the electrode 12, a nickel piece 7 disposed within the nozzle 1 is moved to the tip part of the nozzle 1 by an XYZ stage 9 by way of a magnet 8, so as to enhance the fluid resistance in the nozzle tip part, thereby causing a setback force for returning the liquid 2 into the nozzle 1, by which the droplet 3 is isolated from the liquid column 2a.

Abstract: A plurality of unconventional negative tribo-charging materials are described for use as the powder contact surfaces in tribocharging and corona powder spray guns, gun compounds, and powder delivery system components. The invention also provides a short barrel tribo-charging powder spray gun having an interchangeable powder contact insert and nozzle, with turbulence inducing air jets. The invention further provides novel tribocharging and corona gun designs. Improved powder coating systems are made possible wherein, for example, negative tribo guns can be utilized with negative corona guns to coat different parts of the same workpiece in a powder coating system and to realize a repair coating process. Also proived is an inside-out configuration in which pressurized air directs powder coating material outward towards a charging surface. Additional configurations provide airjet induced tribocharging and conventional tribocharging portions combined in a single gun.

Abstract: A feedback control system for an electrospray nozzle and counter-electrode, comprising a source of light which intersects, one or snore of the liquid cone, jet and plume of the fluid exiting the nozzle, one or more photo detectors to detect light patterns and generate photo-electronic signals in response thereto, an electronic detection and amplification system to convert the photo-electronic signals to electronic signals, a computer or micro-processor to interpret said electronic signals and a second computer or microprocessor to communicate with the first computer and generate a signal to a controller which adjusts the electric field surrounding the nozzle either by changing the distance between the nozzle and counter-electrode or changing the voltage of the nozzle or counter-electrode.

Abstract: A powder spraying gun generates a desired pattern of electrostatically charged particles for coating a workpiece without rotating parts or particle deflectors. The powder pattern is generated with a funnel-shaped output in conjunction with air introduced into a powder charging chamber of the gun in a tangential swirling motion. The swirling air is additionally used to purge agglomerated powder particles from the charging electrodes in the charging chamber. The charging chamber surface is fashioned from material exhibiting low friction or high resistance to powder impact fusion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to improve the atomization of liquid and the efficiency of depositing liquid particles onto target objects, or to coat the target object with a thin film of liquid, to reduce the risk of high-voltage electrical shock, and to reduce the weight of an electrostatic spray system has been developed by inducing electrostatic charges onto the atomized liquid particles sprayed from a grounded metal nozzle.

Abstract: An electrostatic method for increasing the transfer efficiency of spray finishing using lower voltages than are normally required and used with electrostatic spraying. The positioning and construction of ground electrodes (16) behind the air cap (18) helps ensure a clean operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispersing a fluent material has an initial disperser for breaking a stream of fluent material into discontinuous parts. The apparatus has an electrode supply device that provides free electrons that impart a net charge on the discontinuous parts to disperse the discontinuous parts. A method is also disclosed in which electrons are directed at a flow of droplets of fluent material to disperse the fluent material.

Abstract: A manual spray-coating gun comprising at least one manual setting/operating element (40, 42) to manually change operational values and transmitting the desired operational values to a control unit (4) situated outside the gun.

Abstract: A spraycoating apparatus with a tubular, hollow affixation element (16) to affix an adapter (8) to a casing (2), a coating-material tube (14) running through the hollow affixation element (16) into the casing (2).

Abstract: A plurality of unconventional negative tribo-charging materials are described for use as the powder contact surfaces in tribocharging and corona powder spray guns, gun components, and powder delivery system components. The invention also provides a short barrel tribo-charging powder spray gun having an interchangeable powder contact insert and nozzle, with turbulence inducing air jets. The invention further provides novel tribocharging and corona gun designs. Improved powder coating systems are made possible wherein, for example, negative tribo guns can be utilized with negative corona guns to coat different parts of the same workpiece in a powder coating system. Also provided is an inside-out configuration in which pressurized air directs powder coating material outward towards a charging surface. Additional configurations provide air jet induced tribocharging and conventional tribocharging portions combined in a single gun.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a flow splitter that includes an outer fluid conduit for receiving an incoming fluid flow that is the bulk flow of effluent from a liquid chromatographic column, flowing at an input flow rate. The flow splitter further includes an inner fluid conduit coaxially mounted within the outer fluid conduit so that a portion of the incoming fluid is split off into the inner fluid conduit and flows into the input end thereof. The inner fluid conduit extends beyond the exterior of the outer fluid conduit to provide an output fluid flow having an output flow rate that is less than the input flow rate. The outer fluid conduit further includes a fluid outlet that provides an outlet for the portion of the incoming fluid that is not split by the inner fluid conduit. A restriction valve can be coupled to the fluid outlet to finely adjust the output flow rate. The input end of the inner fluid conduit is positioned so as to be substantially free of turbulence from the fluid outlet.

Abstract: An electrostatic atomizer includes a body defining an interior space and a discharge orifice communicating with the interior space. An emitting electrode or electron gun is disposed inside the body so as to apply charges to the fluid passing through the interior space. A counter electrode is disposed outside the body. The exposed surfaces on the interior of the body are formed from a dielectric material so that there is no substantial electric field between exposed conductive elements on the inside of the body. This arrangement minimizes soot buildup and plugging of the orifice. The device may include a single element defining numerous orifices and formed by micro-machining techniques such as those used in fabrication of semiconductor devices. Orifice sizes as small as a few micrometers can use successfully to provide controllable atomization at extremely low flow rates.

Abstract: A composition used in combination with an electrohydrodynamic device capable of delivering an active ingredient to the aerodigestive system of the user. The composition comprises three or optionally four basic components: an active ingredient; a carrier material in which the active ingredient may be dissolved, suspended, or emulsified; an aerosol properties adjusting material which provides the composition with the physical characteristics required to create an aerosol cloud by electrostatic or electrohydrodynamic means; and optionally at least one excipient that further adjusts, preserves, stabilizes, or enhances the overall performance of the composition.

Abstract: A spray head for a spraying apparatus comprising a body formed as a conduit leading from an inlet end to a discharge end at which it forms a discharge pattern. A high velocity stream of air is injected into the head at its inlet end and flows through the conduit to its discharge end. Adjacent to the discharge end, a rank of injection nozzles injects liquid into the air stream, and adjacent to the nozzles, a rank of electrodes is formed as ports in the wall of the conduit.

Abstract: A rotary atomizer with external charging which can be used for applying conductive paints, in particular water-based paint, to a surface of a body to be coated. The rotary atomizer has a directing air ring at a high-voltage potential and an earthed spraying bell. To reduce the risk of discharges, it is proposed to connect the ring to an earth potential via a high-impedance resistance, so that the ring assumes a potential which lies between the high-voltage potential of electrodes for the external charging and the earth potential of the bell.

Abstract: A spray powder-coating system comprising at least one flow throttle (8, 34) in a compressed-air line of an injector (2). An electronic control unit (50) non-linearly controls the throttle as a function of setpoints.

Abstract: A dispensing device for powder coating material includes an outer device portion having a first inner surface and a central passageway for mounting the outer portion on a rotary shaft for rotating the dispensing device. An inner portion of the dispensing device has a second outer surface shaped complementarily to the first surface and a somewhat bell- or cup-shaped third inner surface. Threaded fasteners retain the inner portion in the outer portion with the first and second surfaces in engagement. The outer portion is constructed from a first material having mechanical strength to withstand the stresses attending rotation of the dispensing device. The inner portion is constructed from a second material relatively more inert to the movement of the powder coating material across the third surface.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device for use in spraying inter alia personal care and personal hygiene products comprises an outlet (94) from which the product issues in the form of an electrostatically charged spray and a control member (60, 60a) for attenuating the potential gradient in the vicinity of the outlet (94) to such an extent that spraying is suppressed until the device is brought to within a predetermined distance from a site to be spayed.

Abstract: A disposable catridge for use with an electrostatic charging device. The disposable cartridge can have a reservoir configured to contain a supply of product suitable for electrostatic spraying, a nozzle configured and disposed to disperse the electrostatically charged product, and an electrode disposed to electrostatically charge the product prior to its dispersal. The disposable cartridge can also have an insulator for insulating the supply of product from electrostatic charge.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray device and a cartridge for an electrostatic spray device that reduce the occurrence of electrically induced emulsion product separation are disclosed. The device and/or the cartridge may reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by providing a conductive high voltage shield substantially around the product reservoir. Alternatively, the device and/or the cartridge may prevent the product located at the charging location from being in fluid communication with the product reservoir so that the product that is being charged cannot flow back into the product reservoir. The device and/or cartridge may alternatively reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by minimizing the volume of product between the charging location and the exit orifice of the nozzle.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device which is designed to be portable, hand-held, self-contained and battery operated, with a disposable cartridge. The electrostatic spraying device is configured to provide a precise essentially constant flow rate of a product being applied, to provide uniformity and ease of application of the product, as well as to conserve product usage.

Abstract: In an electrostatic powder spray gun, a cylindrical air curtain is formed toward the front side of a gun main body by supplying compressed air to an air chamber formed between the outer peripheral surface of a cover member and an outer cylinder so as to eject the air from an air blowing opening. Owing to the air curtain, powder particles move toward an object to be coated without the risk of scattering to an ion trap electrode.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray module for applying agricultural liquids such as a pesticide to crops where, externally to the spray module the number of connections is reduced to three, one for the liquid pesticide, one for compressed air and one for a low voltage signal. Internally to the spray module, the low voltage is converted to a high voltage signal, which is, along with the pesticide and the compressed air delivered to one or more electrostatic spray nozzles using only two electrically conductive pipes, a gas delivery pipe and a liquid delivery pipe. The nozzles fit into the gas delivery pipe and draw the compressed air through gas channel openings in the side of the nozzles. The gas delivery pipe doubles as the means to delivery the high voltage signal to the nozzles. Each nozzle has a liquid feed from the liquid delivery pipe, which carries ground voltage, maintaining the liquid at ground voltage. The grounded liquid merges with the compressed air in the nozzles to form an atomized liquid.

Abstract: A quick color change powder coating system has a powder supply, a powder pump that receives powder from the powder supply through a suction pick-up tube, a spray gun and a powder hose that connects the pump to the gun. The apparatus includes a purge air switch assembly and a first air source that provides air at purge pressure to a first inlet of the purge air switch assembly. A second air source provides flow rate air to a first pump inlet and atomizing air to a second inlet of the pump via a purge air switch assembly. Powder is drawn up the tube and into the pump by suction produced by flow rate air into the pump. A purge inlet is associated with the powder inlet to the pump. The purge air switch assembly operates in response to a purge control signal to connect purge air to the atomizing inlet at the pump and to the pump's purge inlet; whereby the pump, hose and gun can be purged at the same time.

Abstract: The slurry distributor comprises two or more square pipe sections in end-to-end relation having an inlet at one end for connection to a slurry supply and provided with discharge openings equally spaced longitudinally thereof; on each side of the square pipe for discharge of the slurry, the openings being successively obstructed manually or by deposited solids from the slurry itself piling up on the original ground level. The distributor is used to control the slurry composition for dyke building and general tailings disposal consisting of mine tailings.

Abstract: While plural kind of powder paints of different hues are mixed with each other without melting for preparation of a powder paint of a desire hue, a fluidity improver possessing a charge control function is simultaneously mixed into the powder paints without melting. The mixed powder paint containing the fluidity improver is charged, and then electrostatic powder coating is performed by the charged powder paint.

Abstract: A paint system includes a plurality of supply tanks that can be selected for supplying powder paint to a spray site, each having a supply line connected to the supply tank and having an end section, a spray gun, and a purge air supply. Each end section is configured for selective connection to the spray gun to spray powder paint from the supply tank and also for connection to the purge air supply to blow residue powder paint in the supply line back into the supply tank. A control device operably connects a fluidizing air supply to each supply tank. The control device is configured to fluidize the powder paint in each tank at a low standby pressure when the supply tank is not in use, and to fluidize the powder paint in the tank at a higher operating pressure when the supply tank is selected for use. Methods related to the above cause the color change to be very efficient and quick, with low waste of powder paint.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device is disclosed which is suitable for, but not limited to, dispensing an electrostatically sprayable substance for nasal or oral inhalation. Electrical charge is imparted to the spray particles by applying a high voltage to the substance prior to break up into a spray. In one embodiment, the device includes a nozzle portion for registry with the nasal or oral cavity and defines a passageway through which, in use, air can be drawn by inhalation on the part of the user. The substance to be sprayed passes into the passageway so that, with the assistance of user-induced air flow through the passageway, the resulting spray passes into the oral or nasal cavity.

Abstract: A rotary atomizer has an internal power supply in the atomizer housing about which is passed cooling air. The air then flows out of the atomizer housing in a twisting direction as vectored air in the same direction of rotation as the atomizer head to eliminate any vacuum condition around the atomizer head and to provide shaping control of the coating being sprayed. A portion of the exhaust air from an air turbine motor driving the atomizer head with a turbine shaft is directed through a passageway between a stationary fluid tube within the turbine shaft and the rotary shaft to direct the exhaust air into the atomizer head to mix with the coating and create an air barrier that prevents coating material from leaking back into the rotary atomizer device. The remaining portion of the exhaust air from the air turbine motor is channeled around the outside surface of the housing of the rotary atomizer device to prevent liquid coating material from wrapping back and attaching to the atomizer housing.

Abstract: Apparatus for powder spray coating comprises means for electrostatically-charging powder entrained in air, a conduit for transporting the electrostatically charged powder from the charging means to a spray head adapted to discharge the powder in a hollow conical spray pattern, wherein the spray head comprises means for diverting at least a portion of the flow of charged powder towards a spray device mounted to the spray head and adapted to discharge powder in a substantially uniform conical spray pattern, the spray head, spray device and the hollow conical and conical spray patterns being substantially symmetrical about a common longitudinal axis. The apparatus is particularly suitable for coating a large surface area. Preferably multiple tribo-electric charging means are used and a pump is used to supply powder to the multiple charging means through a common distributor. After passing through the multiple charging means the powder flows are then recombined and sprayed through a common spray apparatus.

Abstract: A pressure gauge assembly is disposed between a pump which pumps a powder from a fluidized bed and a spray applicator which sprays the powder onto a workpiece such as a vehicle body moving along a painting line. The pressure gauge assembly provides and early warning of clogging in the pump and/or applicator.

Abstract: Apparatus and a concomitant method for electrostatically depositing select doses of medicament powder at select locations on a substrate. Specifically, the apparatus contains a charged particle emitter for generating charged particles that charge a predefined region of a substrate and a charge accumulation control circuit for computing the amount of charge accumulated upon the substrate and deactivating the emitter when a selected quantity of charge has accumulated. Additionally, a triboelectric charging apparatus charges the medicament powder and forms a charged medicament cloud proximate the charged region of the substrate. The medicament particles within the medicament cloud electrostatically adhere to the charged region. The quantity of charge accumulated on the substrate at the predefined region and the charge-to-mass ratio of the medicament powder in the cloud control the amount (dose) of medicament deposited and retained by the substrate.