Abstract: A method of ionizing a sample includes providing an aqueous liquid and directing a jet comprising carbon dioxide to interact with the provided aqueous liquid. One or both of the aqueous liquid and the jet comprise the sample. At least a portion of the sample is ionized due to the interaction.

Abstract: The fuel injection valve (1) for the intermittent injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has a valve housing (12) that defines a longitudinal axis (14) and is provided with a high-pressure chamber (16). The connecting part (20) of the valve housing (12) has two identically formed high-pressure connections (22, 24) for high-pressure fuel lines. The two identically formed high-pressure connections (22, 24) are arranged in a common connecting face (30?) in such a way that said high-pressure connections are oriented in the same direction and the connection axes (22?, 24?) thereof run parallel to each other. In the interior of the valve housing (12), the high-pressure connections (22, 24) are connected to each other and to the high-pressure chamber (16).

Abstract: A filament may be provided having enhanced solderability and/or heating characteristics configured for heating a substance to release an airborne scent. In exemplary implementations, the ends of a high-temperature compatible filament may be coated with a metal film having greater solderability and/or conductivity relative to the filament. The coated ends may allow the filament to be incorporated into a heating circuit using low-temperature solder, rather than by using high-temperature solder or clamping. The coated ends may have a lower resistance relative to uncoated portions of the filament such that, when electrical current is passed through the filament, most of the current will flow through the coating at the end portions of the filament concentrating heat emitted by the filament to the uncoated portions.

Abstract: A nebulizer includes nebulization device for nebulizing a substance and a reservoir having a metering chamber arranged so as to feed a substance to be nebulized to the nebulization device and a second chamber arranged to hold and retain any of this substance in excess of the volume held in the metering chamber.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector (30) has a boundary edge filter. A first endless annular internal space (100) is open to a holes (92) forming a fuel inlet port, a second endless annular internal space (102) that is spaced axially of the first endless annular internal space and through which fuel is supplied to an injection mechanism, and a series of circumferentially spaced apart, axially extending channels (104) through which fuel can pass from the first endless annular internal space to the second endless annular internal space.

Abstract: A device and a method for continuous and adjustable dosage of fluids at low pressure. The invention is self-cleaning and low tech. It consists of a tapering dosage unit in which a filling, which allows fluids to pass in the longitudinal direction of the dosage unit, is inserted. At the outlet end of the dosage unit, a venturi tube is located which clamps the filling and thereby create a nozzle opening that fits the fluids viscosity and the pressure for a given desired dosage. When the dosage unit clogs, a flushing can be obtained by either increasing the pressure of the fluid and thereby forcing a flexible dosage unit to increase the sectional area and allow cleaning or in the same way through a mechanical opening of the dosage unit.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector (30) has a boundary edge filter. A first endless annular internal space (100) is open to a holes (92) forming a fuel inlet port, a second endless annular internal space (102) that is spaced axially of the first endless annular internal space and through which fuel is supplied to an injection mechanism, and a series of circumferentially spaced apart, axially extending channels (104) through which fuel can pass from the first endless annular internal space to the second endless annular internal space.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nebuliser with nanometric flow rate of a liquid effluent in a nebulising gas comprising at least arranged substantially concentric, a capillary tube for intake of the liquid effluent and a nebulising needle including a central channel fed with liquid effluent through the capillary tube, a chamber for intake of the nebulising gas feeding a nozzle for expelling the nebulising gas, the nebulising needle passing through the intake chamber and the nozzle expelling the nebulising gas, the nebulising needle including a outlet for the liquid effluent whereof the aperture diameter is less than 20 ?m, the ratio of the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle expelling the nebulising gas and the outlet of the nebulising needle being more than 10 The inventive nanometric flow rate nebuliser and nebulising installation are applicable in mass spectrometry of trace elements contained in intracellular or microbiological medium for example.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a burner assembly that includes a burner body having a combustible gas chamber from which a combustible gas is distributed to a plurality of burner ports at which the combustible gas can be combusted and a stability chamber in gas-flow communication with the combustible gas chamber for maintaining the combustion of the combustible gas in the stability chamber whenever the combustion of the combustible gas at the plurality of burner ports is disturbed, whereby the combustion of the combustible gas at the plurality of the burner ports may be resumed upon the cessation of the disturbance. The burner assembly can also include a burner cap for closing off the top of the burner body so as to substantially preclude the escape of the combustible gas from the combustible gas chamber, the stability gas chamber and the burner ports at the top of the burner body.

Abstract: The invention concerns a Liquid droplet plug & spray system for atomising a liquid substance and comprising a liquid droplet spray device including a housing in which a space is provided for receiving a liquid substance, a reservoir for containing said liquid substance, a fluidic interface for connecting said reservoir to said space in said housing thereby conveying liquid substance contained in said reservoir to said space by way of capillary action, a valve arranged between said reservoir and said fluidic channel for controlling access of said liquid substance from said reservoir to said fluid channel, an electromechanical actuation means for actuating the liquid substance in said space such that the liquid substance undergoes a vibration and is expelled as a liquid droplet spray, and electronic control means for controlling said electromechanical actuation means, wherein said liquid droplet spray system consists of two parts, a first, disposable part in which said reservoir and said valve are arranged,

Abstract: Devices and methods for depositing fluids on substrates in patterns of spots, lines, or other features use a nozzle, which is preferably configured similarly to a micropipette, having a piezoelectric crystal or other ultrasonic actuator coupled to one of its sides. The nozzle may be charged via capillary action by dipping it into a well containing the fluid to be deposited, and may then be positioned over a desired area of a substrate, at which point activation of the ultrasonic actuator at ultrasonic frequencies will eject the fluid onto the substrate. The needle may subsequently be dipped into a well of rinsing fluid for cleaning. Spots or lines on the order of 5 micrometers width may be generated, making the invention particularly suitable for use in biological applications such as microarray production and in microelectronics applications such as the printing of organic circuitry.

Abstract: The fluid injection valve has a first and second valve bodies fastened to each other, to bring a first end face of the first valve body into an intimate contact with a second end face of the second valve body. A first fluid passage in the first valve body is communicated with a second fluid passage in the second valve body. The first end face has a first depressed portion thereon, and the second end face has a second depressed portion thereon to be communicated with the first depressed portion to form a cavity to surround the first and second fluid passages.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device comprises a capillary spray electrode having a spraying end, a reference electrode, and a reservoir in fluid communication with the spray electrode. In use, the electrodes are connected across a generator in order to establish an electric field between the electrodes and cause fluid in the reservoir to be sprayed from the spray electrode. The spray electrode has a focus that defines a point at which the electric field is focussed on the spraying end.

Abstract: A bridge (30) comprises a first inlet port (31) at the end of a capillary, a narrower second inlet port (32) which is an end of a capillary, an outlet port (33) which is an end of a capillary, and a chamber (34) for silicone oil. The oil is density-matched with the reactor droplets such that a neutrally buoyant environment is created within the chamber (34). The oil within the chamber is continuously replenished by the oil separating the reactor droplets. This causes the droplets to assume a stable capillary-suspended spherical form upon entering the chamber (34). The spherical shape grows until large enough to span the gap between the ports, forming an axisymmetric liquid bridge. The introduction of a second droplet from the second inlet port (32) causes the formation of an unstable funicular bridge that quickly ruptures from the, finer, second inlet port (32), and the droplets combine at the liquid bridge (30).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and devices for the production of capillary microjets and microparticles that can have a size of between hundreds of micrometers and several nanometers. The inventive method makes use of the combined effects of electrohydrodynamic forces, fluid-dynamic forces and a specific geometry in order to produce micro- and nano-capsules or fluid jets, single- or multi-component, which, upon disintegrating or splitting, form a significantly monodispersed spray of drops which have a controlled micro- or nanometric size and which can also comprise a specific internal structure, such as, for example, a nucleus which is surrounded by a cortex of a different substance or several concentric or non-concentric nuclei or vesicles which are surrounded by a cortex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to small sample spots for MALDI targets and methods for producing the same. The sample spots are composed of a layer of matrix material and a layer of analyte. In some instances, the samples spots have diameters of no more than 50 micrometers or even smaller. The sample spots are deposited onto a MALDI target substrate using ultrasonic deposition from a nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing globular grains of high-purity silicon by atomising a silicon melt (6) in an ultrasonic field (10). Globular grains having a grain size of 50 ?m can be produced by means of said method and device and can be used to separate high-purity silicon from silane in the fluid bed. The silicon melt (6) is fed into the ultrasonic field (10) at a distance of <50 mm in relation to a field node, and the atomised silicon leaves the ultrasonic field (10) at a temperature close to the liquidus point. The invention also relates to a use of the product produced according to the inventive method or using the inventive device, as particles for producing high-purity silicon from silane in a fluid bed.

Abstract: Devices and methods for depositing fluids on substrates in patterns of spots, lines, or other features use a nozzle, which is preferably configured similarly to a micropipette, having a piezoelectric crystal or other ultrasonic actuator coupled to one of its sides. The nozzle may be charged via capillary action by dipping it into a well containing the fluid to be deposited, and may then be positioned over a desired area of a substrate, at which point activation of the ultrasonic actuator at ultrasonic frequencies will eject the fluid onto the substrate. The needle may subsequently be dipped into a well of rinsing fluid for cleaning. Spots or lines on the order of 5 micrometers width may be generated, making the invention particularly suitable for use in biological applications such as microarray production and in microelectronics applications such as the printing of organic circuitry.

Abstract: A nebulizer assembly, and more particularly, for nebulizing liquids into aerosols, includes an oscillation driver connected with an aerosol excitation device at one end thereof, a liquid delivery device adjacently disposed to the aerosol excitation device for supplying an impingement baffle provided in the aerosol excitation device with micro liquid bodies having tension liquid membranes, so that energy is completely acted upon the micro liquid membranes for excitation into aerosol particles, thereby achieving aimed excitation without causing unnecessary loads.

Abstract: A premixing chamber of a nebulizing device for an exhaust gas purification system serves to mix a compressed gas such as compressed air, for example, with a reducing agent such as urea solution, for example. The premixing chamber is set up on the carburetor principle and includes a compressed gas feed having a taper and a reducing agent feed opening in the region of the taper. The premixing chamber ensures that no deposits originating from the reducing agent can settle in the region of the mixing route. The premixing chamber is provided, in particular, for an exhaust gas purification system of a vehicle fitted with a regulated diesel catalytic converter as well as for stationary diesel engines of up to about 1000 kW (mechanical power).

Abstract: An application method restores the water or stain repellency of outer wear, foot wear, apparel, clothing, shelters, or fabrics that have already been pretreated with a water or stain repellent finish. This method involves washing the apparel item or fabric, rinsing it, removing excess rinse water and then applying the restorative repellent treatment to the wet apparel item or fabric by spray. The retreated apparel item or fabric is then dried and heated for a sufficient time to cause distribution of the new repellent material with residual amounts of the original repellent finish and activation of the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A nozzle is formed of reaction sintered silicon carbide consisting essentially of silicon carbide and unreacted metallic silicon and having a density of 3.03-3.16 g/cm.sup.3. The nozzle satisfies the requirements of heat, wear, corrosion and chemical resistance and has experienced no volume shrinkage during sintering. The nozzle is suitable for use in a mixing/dispersing arrangement mounted in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A fluidized bed system in which a plate is disposed in an enclosure and is adapted to support particulate material. A nozzle is supported by the plate for receiving air and water and directing the air and water and into the particulate material to fluidize and cool same.

Abstract: Self-supporting ceramic bodies comprising a polycrystalline material comprising the oxidation reaction product of a parent metal and having therein one or more channels which inversely replicate the geometry of the configured fugitive metal are formed. These self-supporting bodies may be utilized as articles for regulating and facilitating the passage of a fluid therethrough.

Abstract: An aerosol fogging generator is disclosed having a prime mover and blower for delivering air through a duct system to a nozzle assembly. A fluid introduction system is provided to introduce fluids into the nozzle assembly for dispersal as a fog into the atmosphere. A passage provided between the fluid introduction system and the duct system provides for a cut off of the fog produced by the generator in a matter of seconds.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for introduction of sample from a flowing stream into mass spectrometers or other analyzing apparatus for analytical and process stream analysis of the sample. The apparatus generates an aerosol during the decompression of a gas, liquid or supercritical fluid stream. The aerosol's properties are dependent upon mass flow, pressure, temperature, solubility of sample, and the physical dimensions of the aerosol generating device. Upon aerosol generation, a less volatile sample in the form of condensed particles is separated from the gaseous components by accelerating the aerosol through a nozzle restrictor and utilizing momentum differences between solute particles and carrier gas molecules to obtain high solute enrichments at various particles or gas-phase detectors. The device functions primarily as an interface between a supercritical fluid chromatograph and the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Manifold head effects at low fuel flows in a fuel injected air breathing turbine are minimized by utilizing fuel injectors having fuel injecting tubes 66 with open ends 70 for fuel injection and provided with elongated capillary tubes 99 upstream thereof and connected to receive fuel from a fuel manifold 48.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine includes a valve member which is slidable in a nozzle body. The body is provided with a bore in which is formed a seating and to support the valve member there is provided a sleeve which is an interference fit within a wider portion of the bore. Fuel under pressure is conveyed by grooves defined on the outer surface of the sleeve from a nozzle inlet and the fuel flows from the grooves through slits formed in the sleeve, to a space defined between the valve member and the bore. The pressure of fuel acts on the valve member to lift the valve member from the seating and the slits are sufficiently narrow to retain particles of dirt entrained in the fuel.

Abstract: An edge filter for a fuel injection nozzle is provided with an improved connection to the stem of the nozzle. The connection comprises opposed cylindrical guide sectors on the filter having axial knurls that extend less than the full length of the guide sectors thereon. The knurls, which are case hardened, provide secure interference interengagement with the softer counterbore of the nozzle's fuel inlet stem. The guide sectors advantageously provide an edge filtering function as well as a guiding function.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine has an inlet member provided with an enlarged transverse opening which receives a tubular nozzle body having a peripheral shoulder to locate the inlet member longitudinally on the nozzle body. A shallow annular groove is formed around the periphery of the nozzle body in alignment with the fuel feed passage of the inlet member to provide a restricted annulus for delivering fuel to the interior of the nozzle body. The tubular nozzle body includes a plurality of inlet ports which communicate with the restricted annulus and are angularly spaced from the fuel feed passage so that the restricted annulus serves as a filter to remove solid particles entrained in the fuel. The inlet member is shrunk or press fit on the nozzle body without welding and a cap member provides a spring chamber to mount a spring which biases the valve against its seat and the inlet member against the shoulder.