Abstract: An injector apparatus (310) for injecting fluid under pressure into an associated chamber (332) is provided. The injector apparatus (310) includes a first piston (314) defining a first working area facing an associated chamber (332), a high pressure piston (318) defining a high pressure working area facing a high pressure chamber (319), and a control piston (317) defining a control piston working area facing a control chamber (315). The first piston (314) is moveable with a body of the injector apparatus (310) to compress fluid in the high pressure chamber (319) using the high pressure piston (318), while movement of the first piston (314) is selectively controllable by controlling the fluid in the control chamber (315). The first working area is larger than the control piston working area and the control piston (317) working area is larger than the high pressure working area.

Abstract: The disclosed spray deposition systems and methods use spray charging and discharging techniques to assist with digital deposition of spray droplets on a substrate. For example, the disclosed systems and methods have a charging system that generates spray droplets from a spray generator and charges the droplets. Focusing electrodes help to collimate the droplets into a tight droplet stream and, optionally, steering electrodes help direct the tight droplet stream. A charge removal system neutralizes or removes the charge from the droplets, either during the deposition of the droplets on a substrate or after the droplets have been deposited on a substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for generating and dispensing a mixture containing a pressurized gas and a fluid material. The apparatus includes a mixing device having a mixing chamber and a mixer inside the mixing chamber. A gas injection device, which is coupled with the mixing device, injects the pressurized gas into the fluid material in the mixing chamber. The mixer operates to combine the pressurized gas with the fluid material to form a mixture, which is subsequently dispensed from a dispenser coupled with the mixing device.

Abstract: A method for determining the optimum inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector includes obtaining a throttleable level phase value, volume flow rate, chamber pressure, liquid propellant density, inlet injector pressure, desired target spray angle and desired target optimum delta pressure value between an inlet and a chamber for a plurality of engine stages. The method calculates the tangential inlet area for each throttleable stage. The method also uses correlation between the tangential inlet areas and delta pressure values to calculate the spring displacement and variable inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector.

Abstract: For reducing time required for sterilizing a container by hydrogen peroxide, mitigating a cost required therefore, simplifying a sterilizing apparatus, reducing space for installing such apparatus, and mitigating load to the environment, a method for sterilizing a container is provided according to which hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, air at the normal temperature and hot air are simultaneously injected into a container whereby the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution which has been turned to minute droplets by the air at the normal temperature is instantly gasified.

Abstract: A method for determining the optimum inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector includes obtaining a throttleable level phase value, volume flow rate, chamber pressure, liquid propellant density, inlet injector pressure, desired target spray angle and desired target optimum delta pressure value between an inlet and a chamber for a plurality of engine stages. The tangential inlet area for each throttleable stage is calculated. The correlation between the tangential inlet areas and delta pressure values is used to calculate the spring displacement and variable inlet geometry. An injector designed using the method includes a plurality of geometrically calculated tangential inlets in an injection tube; an injection tube cap with a plurality of inlet slots slidably engages the injection tube. A pressure differential across the injector element causes the cap to slide along the injection tube and variably align the inlet slots with the tangential inlets.

Abstract: A vehicle efficacious constituents supply apparatus 10 includes a main unit 13 including an air gun and a subunit 15 including an air gun. A curling ring V1 of air containing aromatic constituents is projected from the main unit 13 towards an efficacious area A, while a curling ring V2 of air is projected from the subunit 15 towards the efficacious area A. A control unit for controlling projection timings of curling rings V1, V2 includes an alarming mode in which a projection interval at which curling rings v1 are projected is set shorter than a projection interval at which curling rings V2 are projected, and by executing this alarming mode, curling rings V2 can be applied to an occupant without causing the curling rings V2 so projected to disappear in the efficacious area A.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for generating and dispensing a mixture containing a pressurized gas and a fluid material. The apparatus includes a mixing device having a mixing chamber and a mixer inside the mixing chamber. A gas injection device, which is coupled with the mixing device, injects the pressurized gas into the fluid material in the mixing chamber. The mixer operates to combine the pressurized gas with the fluid material to form a mixture, which is subsequently dispensed from a dispenser coupled with the mixing device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure booster arrangement for high-pressure injection systems or high-pressure injection system parts of internal combustion engines. A differential piston which operates with a large cross section in a medium-pressure reservoir and with partial cross sections is operative in terms of positive displacement in associated control and work pressure chambers that are separate from the medium-pressure reservoir and that are disposed in a guide body. The guide body guides the differential piston in its strokes and in turn axially adjoins a valve body. The valve body receives control and check valves for controlling communicating lines of the guide body and of the valve body for controllably connecting the control and work chambers to the medium-pressure reservoir or to a relatively pressureless fluid reservoir.

Abstract: The fluid injection valve has a first and second valve bodies fastened to each other, to bring a first end face of the first valve body into an intimate contact with a second end face of the second valve body. A first fluid passage in the first valve body is communicated with a second fluid passage in the second valve body. The first end face has a first depressed portion thereon, and the second end face has a second depressed portion thereon to be communicated with the first depressed portion to form a cavity to surround the first and second fluid passages.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for generating and dispensing a mixture containing a pressurized gas and a fluid material. The apparatus includes a mixing device having a mixing chamber and a mixer inside the mixing chamber. A gas injection device, which is coupled with the mixing device, injects the pressurized gas into the fluid material in the mixing chamber. The mixer operates to combine the pressurized gas with the fluid material to form a mixture, which is subsequently dispensed from a dispenser coupled with the mixing device.

Abstract: A device for treating soils or road surfaces includes a machine frame (1) carrying a working roll (4) in a working roll housing (8) defining a working space (6). The roll housing (8) is provided with a spraying mechanism (10) for binder or water having at least one outlet nozzle (12) opening directly into the working space (6). A controllable closing device (18) has a closing element (22) which, in an open position, unblocks the outlet nozzle (12) and in a first closed position, closes the outlet nozzle (12). The closing device (18) is capable of triggering an additional movement of the closing element (22) beyond the first closing position such that at a second closed position, material accumulations in and/or beyond the outlet nozzle (12) are removed.

Abstract: A fuel injector for use in an injector arrangement including a pumping plunger, a pump chamber and a spill valve arrangement controlling communication between the pump chamber and a low pressure fuel reservoir. The fuel injector comprises a valve needle which is engageable with a seating to control fuel delivery through a fuel injector outlet opening, a first control chamber being arranged such that the fuel pressure therein acts on a surface associated with the valve needle and a second control chamber being arranged such that fuel pressure therein acts on a surface associated with the spill valve arrangement.

Abstract: A method of preventing tar, asphalt and related material from sticking to paving equipment involves spraying a release agent concentrate diluted with water contemporaneously with spraying, utilizing a carbonator pump capable of about 1 gallon per minute pumping rate at about 200 psi, an appropriately-sized motor, a pushbutton momentary contact switch, a timing relay capable of switching the motor on and running it for about 1-2 minutes, a spray gun and appropriately-sized nozzle, appropriate fittings and hoses, and such optional ancillary devices as solenoid valves, particulate screens and freeze protection. The major advantages of the instant invention are that it is simple and economical to build, very robust, and is capable of delivering a good spray pattern at relatively high concentrations of viscous release agents.

Abstract: A system that controls nitrogen pressure in the ullage of a power transformer that has its windings submerged in oil. The pressure is controlled in a narrow range of approximately 0.5 psi to approximately 2.0 psi. A nitrogen generator supplies the nitrogen to a reservoir from which it is distributed to the ullage as well as to accessories such as a load tap changer or a control box. A temperature regulator is provided for substation installations that are located in climates with wide ambient temperature variations to control the pressure of the generated nitrogen in an acceptable range.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an inkjet head characterized by better ink repellency, greater resistance to abrasion and a longer service life than a prior art product.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection device with an injector, a control valve (26) for opening and closing the injector by means of a control chamber (32), and an actuating element (14) for actuating the control valve (26), wherein at least one additional first valve (22) and one additional second valve (24) are provided, the additional first valve (22) can introduce a primary pressure into a pressure chamber (34) of the injector and into the control chamber (32), the additional second valve (24) can connect the pressure chamber (34) of the injector and the control chamber (32) to a leakage system (36), and the control valve (26), the additional first valve (22), and the additional second valve (24) can be actuated by the same actuating element (14). The invention also relates to a method for injecting fluid, which uses the injection device according to the invention.

Abstract: Process for the introduction of liquid into a continuous process for the gas-phase polymerization of a olefin monomer and one or more other alpha-olefins in a fluidized-bed reactor, the liquid being introduced by at least one nozzle having a feed pipe and a sleeve sliding inside and at the end of the pipe, the position of the said sleeve along the feed pipe being determined by the pressure of the feed liquid and the return force of a preloaded spring, the spring having one end fixed to the sleeve and the other end to the feed pipe, the sleeve being provided with one or more recesses along its surface for sliding with the feed pipe, the recesses emerging in a groove around the circumference of the sleeve and below a circular stop integral with the same sleeve, the stop resting, when the nozzle is not in use, on a rim of the end of the feed pipe, the rim and the circular stop of the sleeve each being provided with a bearing surface, the contact area of which is minimized to allow good sealing.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve designed for low pressure fuel injection system of internal combustion engines includes a valve needle and a movable valve seat and installs directly on a cylinder head. When the pressure of the cylinder increases, the valve seat can press the valve needle in opposite directions thereby preventing high-pressure gas to flow reversely into fuel system.

Abstract: An improved system for forming a three-dimensional object by selective deposition of a forming material includes a crucible for holding a reservoir of the forming material, an orifice disposed in the bottom of the crucible through which the forming material flows towards the substrate, and a droplet deposition apparatus for generating a sequence of droplets from said flow of forming material and for selectively depositing the droplets on a substrate exclusively where required to form the three-dimensional object. In a preferred embodiment, the forming material is ejected from the crucible as a variable-diameter circular liquid jet or planar jet, which breaks up into a sequence of variable-diameter droplets. Drops to be discarded are electrically charged and deflected away from the substrate by an electromagnetic deflecting device.

Abstract: A fuel injector comprises an injector body which defines a nozzle chamber that is separated from a plurality of outlet orifices by a conical valve seat. An outwardly opening valve member, which is at least partially positioned in the injector body, includes a closing hydraulic surface exposed to fluid pressure outside the injector body. The valve member is movable between a closed position, in which the conical valve seat is closed, and an open position.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a housing having a differential piston surrounded by a coil, the differential piston carrying and surrounding an armature carrying a needle valve element. The valve seat for the needle valve is carried for movement with the differential piston. An air chamber in the injector housing communicates with the intake manifold and a fuel inlet to the fuel injector includes a check valve. At the beginning of the combustion chamber intake stroke, the differential piston is moved by a spring toward the combustion chamber, enabling the check valve to open and fuel to enter the injector fuel passages. Upon increasing pressure within the combustion chamber on the compression stroke, the differential piston is displaced to pressurize the fuel in the injector. Near the top of the compression stroke, the coil is energized and the fuel control valve is opened to inject pressurized fuel into the combustion chamber. Upon deenergization, the fuel control valve closes.

Abstract: A nozzle is formed of reaction sintered silicon carbide consisting essentially of silicon carbide and unreacted metallic silicon and having a density of 3.03-3.16 g/cm.sup.3. The nozzle satisfies the requirements of heat, wear, corrosion and chemical resistance and has experienced no volume shrinkage during sintering. The nozzle is suitable for use in a mixing/dispersing arrangement mounted in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A liquid injection system for internal combustion engines has a simplified pumping system, with a vacuum driven pump, assisted by an electrically driven booster pump. The liquid is delivered to the engine manifold by way of a spray nozzle incorporating an expansion chamber, into which chamber a calibrated air nozzle delivers air as a high velocity jet to impinge in atomizing, droplet forming relation on injection liquid entering the expansion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injector is actuated by cylinder compression pressure acting against the exposed face (31) of piston means (30, 35) to compress fuel in high pressure chamber (45) in injector body (10). The piston means (30, 35) moves against spring (36) and controllable fuel pressure in low pressure chamber (37). The high pressure chamber (45) communicates with injection orifice (68) via delivery chamber (65) and non-return delivery valve (56). Fuel delivery is regulated by varying fuel pressure in low pressure chamber (37) and various means are disclosed for controlling this pressure.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine includes two opposed pistons reciprocatable within a cylinder, between which an air-fuel mixture is injected and ignited. One of the pistons, a compression piston, is connected to a rotatable flywheel for storing energy from reciprocation of the compression piston during the adiabatic expansion stroke. The other piston, a power piston, is attached to a pump piston which operates in a hydraulic pump to displace a hydrostatic fluid at a constant reaction pressure but at a variable stroke. Work is removed from this engine through the hydrostatic fluid, which can be fed to a hydrostatic drive unit. The flywheel is not connected to the primary load, but is used principally to drive the compression piston upward during the compression stroke of the engine. During the compression stroke, the air-fuel mixture is compressed and ignited to a pressure determined by the hydraulic reaction pressure in the hydraulic pump.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with combustion chambers (CC'S) (538), a fuel injector (FI) comprising an outer shell (628) containing a fuel supply cavity (FSC) (530) having an openable valve (546) for storing fuel, a control body assembly (CBA) (520) within the outer shell (628). A rod (512) extends from FSC through CBA along the length of the outer shell with piston (518) formed thereon. An internal bore (534) extends therethrough from the side of a closed end of rod (512) which is movable into the FSC for carrying fuel from the FSC to the CC. A rod supporting base assembly (562), responsive to a predetermined CC pressure increase causes rod (512) to enter FSC, closing valve (546) to cease fuel from entering FSC and exposing bore (534) to force the pressurized fuel in the FSC down bore into the CC. Concentric open ended cylinders (OEC'S) (510) are positioned between the CBA and the base assembly with alternate OEC'S (514) secured to CBA and the other OEC'S (516) secured to base assembly (562).

Abstract: In an unthrottled fuel injection type internal combustion engine, a controlled injection logic to generate a first pulse train whose frequency varies with the accelerator position, N cylinder chambers (CCH's) 11, FIG. 1 ), each with a piston, and a distributor (111, FIG. 4) comprising N first devices and a rotor 109 for generating a second pulse each rotation past a first device, N fuel injection/ignition devices (FIGS. 1-2) each having a fuel ignition element (FIE) extending into a CCH to ignite the injected fuel and a fuel injector for injecting fuel towards each FIE at certain time intervals after the rotor passes the associated first device, a first counter for measuring, in time/degree of engine crankshaft rotation (ECR), the time required for M.degree. of ECR, and for determining the rotor angular velocity.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection nozzle has an externally actuated plunger journaled for axial movement in the cylinder provided in a nozzle body. The plunger tip contains a central stepped bore which slidably supports a spring bias injection needle valve therein. The plunger, when it is in a raised position, allows a valve controlled supply passage to deliver a metered quantity of liquid fuel into a chamber defined by the cylinder and the valve and of the plunger. The cylinder at the chamber end is closeable by a gas valve disk which in turn has a central aperture defining a discharge passage flow through which is controlled by the inward opening injection needle valve.

Abstract: An injector (10) for delivering fuel directly into an engine combustion chamber (11) in response to compression within the combustion chamber (11). The injector (10) has a housing (14) with an injector rod (22) slidably mounted within housing (14). Secured to the injector rod (22) is a primary piston (24), a metering spool (25), and a secondary piston (32). The metering spool (25) is located within a metering chamber (26) having a bypass chamber (50) in which is located two series of electrodes (60 and 62) which are connected to an electrical system which sequentially provides an electrical signal to the connector (56) as dictated by the needs of the engine. As the electrical signal is supplied to connector (56), an electro-rheological fluid (64) contained within the metering chamber (26) is converted from a liquid to a substantially solid condition, thereby limiting the travel of the metering spool (25) and the secondary piston (32).

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection nozzle has an externally actuated needle plunger journaled for axial movement in the cylinder provided in a nozzle body. The needle plunger tip contains a central blind bore which communicates with discharge passages and with a supply passage, the latter, when the needle plunger is in a raised position, communicate with a valve controlled supply passage to receive a metered quantity of liquid fuel. Upon downward movement of the needle plunger a predetermined axial extent, the discharge passages come into flow communication with corresponding discharge orifices provided in the nozzle body. A central pedestal or pin upstanding from the lower closed end of the nozzle body substantially fills the blind bore in the needle plunger during the injection process in order to minimize the total clearance volume.

Abstract: A foam generating nozzle is provided for converting a liquid containing a gas maintained under pressure in solution in the liquid, to a foam for application to a substrate. Complete foaming of the solution is accomplished prior to discharge from the nozzle. This assures in some applications complete atomization before contact with the substance to be coated.

Abstract: Improved method and apparatus for injecting fuel for a diesel engine are disclosed which are constructed such that a push rod is disposed in a nozzle body and fuel is injected into a combustion chamber by actuating the push rod. The improvement of the invention consists in that push rod actuating force is accumulated for a certain period of time while the push rod is stationarily held by means of an electromagnetic coil which is energized. Fuel injection is thus carried out by releasing the accumulated force by way of deenergization of the electro-magnetic coil. In an embodiment of the invention push rod actuating force is extracted from a cam driving mechanism and a coil spring disposed between the cam driving mechanism and the push rod serves as a push rod actuating force accumulating means.

Abstract: An injector for delivering fuel directly to an engine combustion chamber has a sleeve which responds to the combustion chamber pressure and cooperates with a piston in the injector to pressurize the fuel. A single valve in the injector is controlled both to permit supply of fuel to the injector and to allow injection at the appropriate time and in an appropriate amount.

Abstract: A compression operated diesel fuel injector, for use with an internal combustion engine, is provided with a compression operated piston that is associated with a pump cylinder and plunger to effect pressurization of fuel for discharge from the injector, the piston also defining with the associate injector housing a fuel control chamber. A solenoid actuated valve is operatively positioned to normally block the return flow of fuel from the fuel control chamber to the fuel reservoir for the engine and, a variable flow orifice means is operatively positioned downstream of this valve to control the return fuel flow pressure as a function of engine speed and load to thus regulate the return flow of fuel from the control chamber so as to thereby control engine compression operation of the piston and, accordingly, to correspondingly regulate the rate of fuel injection from the fuel injector.

Abstract: Certain reciprocating piston internal combustion engines have liquid oxidant and liquid fuel injection schedules that are controlled by a microprocessor that acts upon pre-stored data and upon engine sensor output data. For these engines, the present invention provides a pressure sensor in the working cylinder combustion chamber whose output controls the injection initiation times.

Abstract: A compression operated injector for delivering fuel directly to the combustion chamber of an engine has a piston which responds to the pressure in the combustion chamber and cooperates with a stepped plunger in the injector to pressurize fuel in both a control chamber and in an injector pump chamber. The discharge of fuel from the injection pump chamber for injection into the combustion chamber is controlled by a pressure operated valve. A solenoid actuated valve is used to control the escape of fuel from the control chamber so as to permit the piston to effect the necessary pressurization of the fuel in the injection pump chamber whereby to initiate the start of fuel injection.

Abstract: In a compression operated injector, a solenoid valve is used to control the flow of pressurized fuel from a compression operated pump to the discharge nozzle of the injector so that the start and end of injection can be controlled by operation of the solenoid valve.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a piston slidable within a cylinder, the piston being subjected to the pressure of air within the engine cylinder during the compression stroke. Displacement of the piston generates a fuel pressure in a pumping chamber which is sufficiently high to open the valve member of a fuel injection nozzle which fuel is supplied to the combustion space. A valve is provided through which fuel can be admitted to the cylinder from a source of fuel under pressure and a non-return valve is provided between the aforesaid cylinder and the pumping chamber.

Abstract: FIG. 1 shows a fuel injector having a valve 54 that closes an outlet 50 in a housing 10 by means of a spring 22, excitation of a magnet 14 opening the valve; the injector has a toroidal chamber 62 containing an annular piston 66 subject to combustion chamber pressures on one side or end by means of a vent 72 and filled with fuel acting against its opposite side, a spring 70 biasing the piston to charge the piston chamber or reservoir 80 with a pressure equal to the pressure of the fuel passing through inlet check valve 38 connected to reservoir 80.

Abstract: The subject fuel injection means, disclosed herein with one of various types of internal combustion engines with which it may be employed, comprises a fuel pumping plunger, the pumping stroke of which is controlled by an inclined surface of a manually operable slide element. Said plunger is urged in a pumping direction by fluid pressure applied thereto from compression generated in the engine's combustion chamber and is spring biased in a non-pumping direction. A solenoid, operationally timed to the rotation of the engine's crankshaft, coacts with the pumping plunger to assure starting of the plunger's pumping stroke in proper timed relation to the compression and firing of an explosive charge in the engine's combustion chamber. In said pumping stroke, the plunger closes a fuel inlet to a related pump chamber and forces fuel from said pump chamber, past a one way check valve and into the engine's combustion chamber.

Abstract: An automatic fuel heating injection valve to be mounted in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The valve has a fuel evaporating chamber which is communicable with the combustion chamber through a fuel injecting port, a stem valve opening and closing the fuel injecting port, and an actuator which operates the stem valve in response to a pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber. A liquid fuel is sufficiently heated en route to the evaporating chamber by the heat of wall and evaporated through a wick of porous and transudatory material in the evaporating chamber. The evaporated fuel is mixed with combustion gas and fresh air in the evaporating chamber, and the mixture is automatically injected in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for forming and burning a fuel-air-mixture in an air compressing piston type internal type combustion engine. At least a portion of the air compressed in the combustion space of the working cylinder is tapped off. The tapped off portion is passed into a chamber which is in communication with the combustion space. A measured amount of fuel is injected through an injection nozzle into a fraction of the portion of air during its recirculation into the combustion space. The fraction of air and the injected quantity of fuel are together accelerated towards the combustion space conveying the thus formed mixture into the air present in the combustion space during combustion. The quantity of fuel injected is adjusted and determines the amount of the air fraction. An apparatus for practicing the aforegoing method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine fed with a stratified charge and comprising an inlet leading into a combustion chamber for feeding thereinto a main charge of a lean mixture of a first fuel and air, and an injection device for injecting a second fuel into an ignition zone of the combustion chamber in an amount such that the mixture of the second fuel and the air contained in the lean mixture, in the ignition zone at the time of ignition, attains the level of the ignition richness of the second fuel. Thereby, the second fuel undergoes ignition and combustion and effects flame propagation to produce ignition of the first fuel. A holder with a ball valve protects the fuel injector of the injection device by obturating the injector at the end of the compression stroke and during ignition and the subsequent expansion stroke.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber provided with a pressure outlet bore and an unalined fuel inlet bore and which is characterized by a high pressure injecting mechanism at the junction of the chamber with the fuel inlet bore adapted to be positively driven by a fixed-length motion transmission linkage which, in turn, is responsive to pressures above predetermined amounts in said inlet bore. Specifically, the linkage is composed of a plunger reciprocably mounted in the outlet bore, a second plunger serving as a pump piston and reciprocably mounted in the fuel inlet bore, and a rocker arm interconnecting the plungers. The inlet bore is capped by an atomizing nozzle disposed in the upper portion of the combustion chamber.The injector is further characterized by means for varying the predetermined pressures to which the linkage responds.