Abstract: Energetic materials comprising active components, a polymer binder matrix and a tackifying resin are useful as propellants; fuels, pyrotechnic materials and explosives; the tackifying resin improves the adhesion and dispersion of the active components throughout the binder resin.

Abstract: A waste management system for plastic or other material floating on the surface and in the subsurface of a body of water. A shredding device will reduce the size of the particles of waste. Ocean water is removed by a drying device. The dried waste material is frozen to a temperature at or below minus fifty degrees Fahrenheit, using liquid nitrogen or other suitable means. The frozen waste material is then pulverized and ground into a powder. The powder may then be sprayed into a gas-filled chamber and heated. Temperature, pressure and humidity are maintained within the chamber for more than one minute. Microwave or other radiation and catalysts may be used to enhance the process of extraction. The processed material is then removed from the chamber. Carbon may be recycled or used as fuel by the ship. Water may be used by the ship or returned to the ocean.

Abstract: A self-glowing solid material comprises a man-made metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal and an oxide of iron. The material is inducible by flame initiation to self-glow with yellow-to-red colors (577-to-700 nanometer wavelengths). A stealth tracer ammunition comprises a projectile body having a tip and a base, and a solid pellet disposed in the base. The pellet may be made from the above-mentioned self-glowing solid material or another suitable material. The pellet becomes incandescent as a result of being heated when the ammunition is fired. The incandescent pellet emits a glow observable only from behind when the ammunition travels downrange after being fired. An illuminant comprises a bimodal blend of a man-made metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal and an oxide of iron. The bimodal blend is a blend of smaller-sized fragments and larger-sized pellets. The illuminant is capable of ignition and dispersion in response to ballistic energy to create illumination.

Abstract: The invention discloses an experimental device for natural gas hydrate solid-state fluidized mining and crushing, the experimental device comprising a power liquid supply module, a hydrate suction module, a pipeline conveying module, a hydrate fluidized crushing module, a secondary processing module and an experimental data information collection and processing module. An experimental method for the experimental device comprises: turning on the power liquid supply module, the hydrate suction module, the pipeline conveying module, the hydrate fluidized crushing module and the secondary processing module, and collecting pressure and flow data at a plurality of locations by the experimental data information collection and processing module.

Abstract: A roller press machine capable of applying an electric field includes a base, a frame, press rollers, a distance adjusting device, a speed adjusting device, a voltage applying device, a feeding baffle, and a discharging device. The press roller has a roller surface made of conductive material, and an electric field is created when a charge is applied to the press roller. In the roller press, an alternating or direct current electric field is applied between the press rollers to create an electrochemical action, such that particles or a solution in a system is induced to undergo a physical or chemical change, thereby enhancing interaction therebetween, and accordingly increasing grinding and dispersion efficiency of a solid-liquid dispersion system.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of oil production, in particular, to a method for extracting high-viscosity, heavy oil or bitumen. The equipment package includes a ground frequency generator combined with a power and control unit and 2 downhole instruments. One downhole device is an electrohydraulic downhole device with a plasma discharger (hereinafter referred to as DEHDPD) of directional action, designed to create microcracks in the oil reservoir. The second well device has a long length (up to 50 meters) and consists of alternately alternating microwave and acoustic emitters (hereinafter DDMWAE), which simultaneously or alternately affect the oil reservoir. Downhole devices are lowered into the well, their movement along the horizontal well and power supply to them is carried out using a umbilical cable. Oil production from the well is carried out using a pump fixed between the umbilical cable and the DDMWAE.

Abstract: Continuous compounding systems include a feeding section and a compounding section. Method for compounding or mixing solid matter and liquid matter include providing a continuous compounding system, adding matter to the continuous compounding system, and mixing or compounding the matter.

Abstract: A high-voltage electric pulse device for crushing pretreatment of ores includes an ore feeding bin, a pulse insulating barrel body, a supporting frame, a pulsation device, a product collector and a power supply. The pulse insulating barrel body and the pulsation device are assembled together, a pulsation insulating barrel body is connected with an actuating diaphragm, the actuating diaphragm is connected with an ore discharging outlet, a pulsation cone is arranged in the ore discharging outlet, the pulsation cone is hinged to a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is hinged to an eccentric wheel. Expanding and contracting devices are arranged on a cover plate, a copper bar of each expanding and contracting device is connected to a corresponding high-voltage ceramic capacitor through a high-voltage wire in parallel. A high-voltage negative pole is mounted on a screen cloth at the pulse insulating barrel body.

Abstract: Ore rock is disintegrated into extremely fine rock fraction in a slurry by subjecting the slurry in selective orders of application of excitation forces and energy to cause spontaneous cavitation to occur in the slurry. The excitation forces and energy are provided by electrodynamic discharges, hydrostatic force, hydrodynamic energy, and sonic vibrations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for concentrating a biological sample containing nucleic acids by using magnetic chitosan microparticles and subsequently performing a PCR reaction on the nucleic acids captured on the microparticles. The chitosan microparticles added to the biological sample at a PCR compatible pH are mechanically agitated to provide for cell lysis and simultaneous DNA capture, and then serve as a solid support for the nucleic acid template during the PCR reaction. As the chitosan microparticles are utilized for lysis and the nucleic acids do not need to be removed from the microparticles before PCR, the ease of the sample preparation procedure is dramatically improved.

Abstract: A downhole flow control configuration including a housing, a converging-diverging flow path in the housing. The flow path includes a first portion including an inlet, a converging section, and a throat section. The first portion preferentially passes a portion of a fluid having a greater subcool. The converging-diverging flow path further includes a second portion comprising a diverging section that recovers fluid pressure lost in the converging section and the throat section, and an outlet and an elongated helical flow path connected to the outlet of the converging-diverging flow path, the helical flow path producing a pressure drop in a fluid flowing therein during use.

Abstract: An apparatus for remediation of a copper and nickel co-contaminated soil includes a housing. A crushing device is arranged at the upper part of the inside of the housing. A stirring device is arranged below the crushing device. An anode electrode and a cathode electrode are provided at both ends of the inner bottom of the housing, respectively. In the present invention, the soil contaminated by copper and nickel is first poured from the top of the crushing device, and then crushed thoroughly under the action of the crushing device. The crushed soil facilitates the movement of copper and nickel metal ions therein toward the electrodes under the action of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, thereby achieving optimal soil remediation.

Abstract: An oxidation resistant coating system for a turbine engine component includes a cathodic arc coating applied to a surface of the engine component, a thin APS metallic coating applied to a surface of the cathodic arc coating, and a ceramic top coating applied to a surface of the thin APS metallic coating to improve lifetime of the engine components.

Abstract: A device and method for preparing a nano-fragmented product. A polysaccharide slurry is circulated in a polysaccharide supply path (3) via a chamber (2). Specifically, using a pump (8), the polysaccharide slurry in a tank (7) is circulated in a circulation path (9) which is formed using a vinyl hose, a rubber hose or the like. On the other hand, another slurry than the polysaccharide slurry is circulated through a second fluid medium supply path (4) as another circulation path via the chamber (2). Specifically, using a pump (11), the slurry other than the polysaccharide slurry in a tank (10) is caused to pass through a heat exchanger (12) and a plunger (13) and thereby circulate in the other circulation path. The slurry other than the polysaccharide slurry circulated in the second fluid medium supply path (4) is orifice-injected against the polysaccharide slurry circulated in the polysaccharide slurry supply path (3) and flowing through the chamber (2).

Abstract: A method for fragmenting and/or weakening of pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges is disclosed. Thereby, a material flow of the pourable material is, immersed in a process liquid, guided past a high-voltage electrode assembly with one or more high-voltage electrodes, while high-voltage punctures through the material are produced by means of charging of the high-voltage electrodes with high-voltage pulses. The zone of the material flow in which the high-voltage punctures through the material are produced is delimited laterally by substantially unmoved zones of the same material as viewed in a guiding-past direction. With the disclosed method, it becomes possible to fragment and/or weaken pourable material in a continuous process by means of high-voltage punctures in a low-wear and low-contamination manner.

Abstract: A disassembling apparatus that shatters an object by means of pulsed discharge includes a container that can be filled with a liquid, an anode that is disposed within the container, a cathode that is disposed such that the object can be placed so as to straddle the anode and the cathode, object scattering prevention means that encloses an object disassembling region above the anode and the cathode, and a pulsed power supply that applies a high voltage pulse between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: The invention regards to a device for comminuting ore and/or slag, which comprises an ore feed unit for feeding ore to be comminuted to a first comminuting means. The first comminuting means being composed of at least two comminuting elements that can be moved relative to each other, which elements form at least one comminuting space for the ore to be comminuted with each other such that, by a relative movement in the form of a rotation around the rotational axis of at least one of the two comminuting elements. The ore to be comminuted is pulverised in that one or more accelerating elements, in particular protrusions, are provided on at least one of the comminuting elements. The accelerating elements being arranged in particular on the end face of one of the two comminuting elements and accelerating and comminuting the ore to be comminuted by the rotation of one of the two comminuting elements.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing a particle size of a precursor powder material by fluid energy impact according to one embodiment of the invention may include a housing defining an interior milling cavity therein having a peripheral wall. A powder feed inlet operatively associated with the housing introduces the precursor powder material into the interior milling cavity. A feed gas inlet operatively associated with the powder feed inlet introduces a feed gas into the interior milling cavity. A product discharge outlet operatively associated with the housing removes a milled powder product from the interior milling cavity. An oil injection nozzle assembly operatively associated with the product discharge outlet injects oil into a particle-laden product stream from the product discharge outlet.

Abstract: Apparatuses for preparing a sample are disclosed herein. The apparatuses include a chamber, a first valve at least partially disposed in the first chamber, a second valve at least partially disposed in the first chamber, and a pump comprising an actuator and nozzle.

Abstract: Processes for decrosslinking crosslinked plastic and devulcanizing vulcanized rubber include advancing such materials through single screw or twin screw extruders including special ultrasonic treatment zones wherein threadless shaft (single screw) or shafts (twin screw) rotate under an ultrasonic horn having a distal end aligned with the shaft or shafts and being shaped complimentary thereto. Special arcuate (single screw) or double-arcuate ultrasonic treatment flow paths confine the materials to flow under the horn where the material is subjected to ultrasonic waves to decrosslink the material, in the case of crosslinked plastic, or devulcanize the material, in the case of vulcanized rubber, with the extrudate leaving the die as a continuous stream or rope as is typical of virgin plastic or rubber.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a mixing system at a peak energy efficiency point, maximum response point or reduced sound generation point based on displacement, velocity, acceleration or jerk operating conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for disintegrating a recyclable item in a material-selective manner and using the electrohydraulic effect, an electric discharge being generated, in a container filled with a liquid, using a pulsed current source and within an underwater spark gab between a container base-side electrode and at least one container cover-side electrode that points towards the first electrode, with electric discharge having an average field strength of less than or equal to 5 kV/mm and a pulse or discharge energy of greater than 10 J, and being generated at least substantially in the liquid. In the container, the recyclable item lies partially in the underwater spark gab on the container base-side.

Abstract: A drill bit assembly includes a drill bit body, an insulating layer disposed on an end of the drill bit body and that defines a drill bit face and two electrodes formed such that they both extend from the drill bit face. The two electrodes form a spiral on the drill bit face and are equidistant from each other at all locations of the drill bit face.

Abstract: A Cu core ball and a method of manufacturing such a Cu core ball. Purity of the Cu internal ball is at least 99.9% and not greater than 99.995%. A total contained amount of Pb and/or Bi in impurity contained in the Cu ball is equal to or larger than 1 ppm. Its sphericity is at least 0.95. A solder plating film coated on the Cu ball is of Sn solder or a lead free solder alloy whose primary component is Sn. In the solder plating film, a contained amount of U is not more than 5 ppb and that of Th is not more than 5 ppb. A total alpha dose of the Cu ball and the solder plating film is not more than 0./0200 cph/cm2. An arithmetic average roughness of the Cu core ball is equal to or less than 0.3 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for fracturing polycrystalline silicon, and the method includes steps of placing the polycrystalline silicon in a water tank containing water; applying an instant high voltage to the water tank so that high-voltage discharge occurs in the water of the water tank to fracture the polycrystalline silicon. The method and apparatus have advantages of simple process, uniform fragments and no metal contamination.

Abstract: A sonic reactor for transferring kinetic energy to a process fluid medium has a resonant element horizontally oriented and mounted to the two resonance units using two or more nodal support rings located at the nodal positions of the resonant element. The nodal support rings are adjustable in position relative to the resonant element and the resonance units to permit positioning of the rings directly at the nodal positions during operation, where, for example, adjustment may be required due to changes in the total mass attached to one or both free ends of the resonant unit. The sonic reactor has a grinding or mixing chamber mounted at one or both of the free ends of the resonant element.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for the recycling and recovery of carpet are disclosed herein, including devices, systems and methods for disassembling or deconstructing carpet into the various components that make up the carpet, by abrasive removal and separation of the components.

Abstract: An apparatus for disintegration (or mixing) of a solid in a receptacle containing liquid, has a control unit and an ultrasound transducer generating ultrasonic energy under control of the control unit. An annular coupling element in communication with the ultrasound transducer is adapted to receive the receptacle. Ultrasonic energy is transferred to the receptacle contents through the annular coupling element. In use, the ultrasonic energy transferred to the receptacle contents causes disintegration of the solid into the liquid. A method for disintegration of a solid in a receptacle is also described.

Abstract: Methods for processing of grains and the like and products produced by such processing, the invention in preferred embodiments subjects whole grains or portions of grains to rapid pressure and directional changes in a high velocity fluid stream to instantaneously vary forces acting thereon. Flours of reduced particle sizes having low starch value damage result, the present processing also permitting uniform blending of additives such as during comminution of the grains. Processed grains according to the invention are resistant to spoilage and clumping. Whole grain flours and white flours can be produced according to the invention. Bran, germ and endosperm of grains can also be separated.

Abstract: A method for fragmenting and/or weakening material by high-voltage pulses is provided. The material and a processing fluid are arranged in a processing zone formed between two electrodes such that the entire processing zone is flooded with processing fluid, and high-voltage pulses are applied to the electrodes such that high-voltage breakdowns occur between the two electrodes and/or such that predischarge channels are formed without breakdowns. An electrode with a metallic conductor is chosen for at least one of the two electrodes, the conductor being provided partially or completely with an insulator or insulating coating at the working end of the electrode that is in contact with the processing fluid, the permittivity of the insulator/insulating coating being at least 75% of the permittivity of the processing fluid.

Abstract: A method of fragmenting and/or weakening of material is provided that utilizes high voltage discharges. The material is together with a process liquid introduced into a process area, in which two electrodes face each other at a distance, and is arranged therein in such a manner that the area between the two electrodes is filled with the material and process liquid. Between the two electrodes high voltage discharges are generated for fragmenting or weakening of the material. During the fragmenting or weakening, respectively, of the material, process liquid is discharged from the process area and process liquid is fed into the process area. The process liquid which is fed has a lower electrical conductivity than the process liquid which is discharged.

Abstract: It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec fly ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec fly ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C fly ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec fly ash into certifiable Class F fly ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C fly ash to a more valuable Class F fly ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F fly ash supplies and turn non-spec fly ash waste streams into valuable, certified fly ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating a fluid are disclosed. The apparatus includes a cylindrical chamber of non-magnetic material for holding a volume of fluid to be treated. The fluid contains a quantity of magnetic particles, preferably nanoparticles, having desired properties for treating the fluid. The apparatus includes a magnetic field generator for creating a non-static magnetic field within the chamber, thereby to induce motion in the magnetic particles within the chamber in use. The chamber has an inlet through which fluid to be treated can be introduced, and an outlet through which treated fluid can be removed from the chamber. Sets of windings are disposed concentrically about the chamber and arranged to create a rotating magnetic field within the chamber. Preferably the rotating magnetic field rotates in the opposite sense to swirling rotation of the fluid in the chamber. This enhances contact between the nano-particles and the fluid to be treated.

Abstract: A purification apparatus and a purification method using the purification apparatus. A solution stored in a solution storage tank is diffused/agitated with an ultrasonic wave. An air compressor transfers the solution to a reactor. The solution is mixed in the reactor with a solvent fed through another passage to produce a reactant.

Abstract: A process and system for treating wastewater is described. The invention degrades sludge produced by treatment of the wastewater to reduce or eliminate the need for sludge dewatering and disposal. The invention also reduces the amount of nutrient additives required to sustain the aerobic wastewater treatment process. In one embodiment the invention includes the steps of (a) providing an aerobic treatment system receiving a supply of the wastewater; (b) treating a supply of the sludge to rupture microbial cells present therein to produce treated sludge having an increased liquid:solid ratio and an increased degradation potential in comparison to untreated sludge; (c) conveying a supply of the treated sludge to the aerobic treatment system; and (d) substantially degrading the supply of treated sludge in the aerobic treatment system. The treated sludge may optionally be subjected to anaerobic digestion prior to delivery to the aerobic treatment system.

Abstract: The invention relates to elemental selenium nanoparticles, especially a product containing selenium nanoparticules, that can be produced from at least one organic compound and at least one selenium source, with a step of drying by atomisation. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a product and to a method for enriching, with elemental selenium nanoparticles, a product which already comprises elemental selenium nanoparticles.

Abstract: Tracer ammunition is disclosed and includes a projectile having a body; a chamber in the body having a front end and a rear end, the rear end of the chamber being open; an aperture at a rear end of the body providing an opening to the open end of the chamber; and a tracer material disposed within the chamber, wherein the tracer material is configured to combust when ignited and emit optical energy through the aperture as a result of the combustion process. The tracer material may be configured to include a rear-facing surface having a concave contour to aid in directivity of light output from the tracer material.

Abstract: Processes for decrosslinking crosslinked plastic and devulcanizing vulcanized rubber include advancing such materials through single screw or twin screw extruders including special ultrasonic treatment zones wherein threadless shaft (single screw) or shafts (twin screw) rotate under an ultrasonic horn having a distal end aligned with the shaft or shafts and being shaped complimentary thereto. Special arcuate (single screw) or double-arcuate ultrasonic treatment flow paths confine the materials to flow under the horn where the material is subjected to ultrasonic waves to decrosslink the material, in the case of crosslinked plastic, or devulcanize the material, in the case of vulcanized rubber, with the extrudate leaving the die as a continuous stream or rope as is typical of virgin plastic or rubber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wavelength conversion member including a polycrystalline ceramics includes mixing a substance serving as a silicon source, a substance serving as an aluminum source, a substance serving as a calcium source, and a substance serving as a europium source; firing the obtained mixture to obtain an oxynitride phosphor powder; then sintering the oxynitride phosphor powder in an inert atmosphere to obtain the polycrystalline ceramics, characterized in that the sintered oxynitride phosphor powder has a composition (excluding oxygen) represented by the Formula: Cax1Eux2Si12-(y+z)Al(y+z)OzN16-z (in the Formula, x1, x2, y, and z are values such that 0<x1?3.40, 0.05?x2?0.20, 3.5?y?7.0, 0?z?1).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for breaking mineral particles comprising suspending the particles in a liquid flowing in a conduction path, the liquid comprising a dielectric constant higher than the particles and wherein an electric voltage pulse is sent to electrodes to pass an electric field in the mineral particles with sufficient stress to fracture the mineral particles.

Abstract: An advanced manufacturing plant and process to efficiently deconstruct and recycle post-consumer carpet primarily in an aqueous environment. The water-based technology substantially eliminates airborne particulate emissions into the workplace and the environment. It also significantly increases the quality and quantity of the resources recovered from the carpet. In addition to recycling residential carpet, it also reclaims and recycles material from commercial broadloom carpet.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant having a passage opening (1) for fragmentation material (3) and having several electrode pairs (4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h) by means of which, by charging the electrodes (4a-4d, 5a-5h) thereof with high-voltage pulses, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening (1), for fragmentation of the fragmentation material (3). The passage opening (1) is formed in such a way and the electrodes (4a-4d, 5a-5h) of the electrode pairs are arranged therein in such a way that for each electrode pair (4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h) in the area of a shortest connecting line (L) between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this respective shortest connecting line (L).

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for comminuting a polycrystalline silicon rod, which apparatus includes a base, at least one movable comminuting tool and optionally at least one immovable anvil. A silicon rod to be comminuted lies on a longitudinal axis oriented parallel or virtually parallel to the surface of the base and can be adjusted between the comminuting tool and anvil. Also disclosed is a method for comminuting a polycrystalline silicon rod.

Abstract: An apparatus for bi-directionally mining a manganese nodule includes a traveling device to travel in a predetermined traveling direction, collecting devices installed at both ends of the traveling device, respectively, to collect the manganese nodule, and a control device to sense the traveling direction of the traveling device and to drive one of the collecting devices installed at both ends of the traveling device, which is placed in the sensed traveling direction.

Abstract: A food waste management system includes a tank having an internal chamber for containing food waste and sufficient water for fully submersing the food waste. The system further includes a water supply system for supplying water to the internal chamber, a gas supply system for supplying a gas to the internal chamber, a discharge system for discharging water and food waste from the internal chamber, a grinder system for grinding the food waste, the grinder system being disposed in the internal chamber to be fully submersed in the water, a circulation system disposed in the internal chamber for circulating water and food waste and a control system for controlling operation of the food waste management system in accordance with a desired control process. The system further includes a nutrient additive to be supplied to the internal chamber in predetermined amounts at predetermined intervals.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly is disclosed for cooling a power electronics module, such as a variable frequency drive. The heat sink assembly includes a housing and a heat sink structure. The housing defines an interior chamber for enclosing the power electronics module and also defines a cooling air flow channel exterior to the interior chamber. The heat sink structure is disposed in conductive heat transfer relationship with the interior chamber and has a heat transfer surface positioned within the exterior cooling air flow channel in convective heat transfer relationship with the cooling air flow.

Abstract: An orally disintegrating tablet is obtained by dry tabletting a mixture of: hydroxyalkyl cellulose microparticles having a 50% particle size in the cumulative particle size distribution of more than or equal to 15 ?m and less than 40 ?m, and having a hydroxyalkyl group content of 40 to 80% by mass; a main drug as a pharmaceutical ingredient; and optionally, additives such as an excipient, a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricating agent, an agent for sustained release, a base material, a coloring agent, a pH adjusting agent, a pH buffer agent, a surfactant, a stabilizer, an acidulant, a flavoring agent, a fluidizing agent, a refreshing agent, a sweetener, a savoring component, and a sweetness intensifier.

Abstract: A process to manufacture a 3D mold to fabricate a high-throughput and low cost sub-micron 3D structure product is disclosed. The process integrates use of 2-photon laser lithography and 3D write technology to make a 3D mold of each layer of the 3D structure product, and then use nanoimprinting to form a sheet of polymer film of each layer of the 3D structure from the said 3D mold of that layer. Each layer of the sheet of polymer film is then fabricated into the sub-micron 3D structure product. The 3D mold of each layer of a high-throughput and low cost sub-micron 3D structure product, is further used to make master molds which is then used to form a sheet of polymer film of each layer of the 3D structure to fabricate the sub-micron 3D structure product. Applications using this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a buffer system for mining a deep seafloor mineral resource. The buffer system includes a hopper part that introduces and stores a crushed mineral resource to discharge the crushed mineral resource upward, a first pipe that communicates with an upper portion of the hopper part to introduce the mineral resource, a feeder part provided under the hopper part to discharge the mineral resources upward, a second pipe that communicates with the feeder part and lifts the mineral resource, a hydraulic part provided under the hopper part to convert power received from a surface boat into hydraulic power to operate at least one actuator and a driving motor to introduce the mineral resource into the first pipe, and a structure frame coupled to a lifting pipe to transmit an external load applied to the buffer system, and constituting an external frame of the buffer system to protect internal units.

Abstract: A method of grinding a powder, which grinds a powder using an air stream generated inside a grinding chamber in a jet mill in which there is no place to retain powder inside the grinding chamber is provided. The method includes: a mixing step of mixing an auxiliary agent with the powder; a heating step of heating a high pressure gas; a supplying step of supplying the high pressure gas heated in the heating step into the grinding chamber; an injecting step of injecting the powder in which the auxiliary agent is mixed in the mixing step into the grinding chamber in a predetermined amount in which the concentration of the auxiliary agent inside the grinding chamber is lower than an ignition concentration; and a grinding step of grinding the powder using the air stream generated inside the grinding chamber by the high pressure gas supplied in the supplying step.