Abstract: A refining member comprising a refining body with a refining surface comprising first and second refiner bars separated by first and second refiner grooves, respectively. The first refiner bars extend from a radially inward position to a first radially outward position. The second refiner bars extend to a second radially outward position that is nearer to an outermost part of the refining body than the first radially outward position. The second refiner bars have a longitudinal length from about 0.6 cm to about 10 cm. The first and second refiner bars have a respective first and second maximum height extending upward from a floor of a respective, adjacent first or second refiner groove. The second maximum height is at least 0.35 mm less than the first maximum height. The first refiner bars are adapted to refine wood fibers and the second refiner bars are adapted to break up fiber bundles.

Abstract: A shredder cassette of a shredder lubrication is disclosed. The shredder cassette includes a cassette housing and at least two shredding shafts arranged in parallel and rotatably mounted in the cassette housing. A first set of fingers are arranged between the cassette housing and a first shredding shaft, and a second set of fingers are arranged between the cassette housing and a second shredding shaft. At least one of the first set of fingers and the second set of fingers includes finger lubricating channels for lubricating the at least two shredding shafts.

Abstract: A powder deagglomerator includes a vertical flow chamber, a powder inlet tube, and an ultrasonic horn vibrationally coupled to an ultrasonic transducer. The vertical flow chamber includes an outer wall, powder outlet port, and a mounting port sealably engaging an ultrasonic horn. The powder inlet tube extends through the outer wall and is aligned to dispense agglomerated powder in a gaseous stream downward onto a distal end of the ultrasonic horn. A method of using the powder deagglomerator to deagglomerate a powder is also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for granulating powders by cryogenic atomisation, characterised in that it comprises: a device for mixing powders by cryogenic fluid, comprising at least one chamber for mixing powders, comprising a cryogenic fluid; and a device for atomising a suspension of powders mixed by the device for mixing powders in order to allow a granulation of the powders, comprising a way of fractionating the suspension of powders making it possible to adjust the size of the droplets of powders to be atomised, and a method for adjusting the moisture of the mixed powders and/or the moisture of the atomisation atmosphere.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using rock dust are disclosed. A mine rock dust may be capable of being applied in a wet form. A moisture tolerant mine rock dust may include a hydrophobic inorganic particulate material. A moisture tolerant mine rock dust may be capable of being dispersed by a light blast of air. A method may include applying a mine rock dust at a concentration having little or no respirable mine rock dust. A method of applying a mine rock dust may include applying a mine rock dust in a wet form. The mine rock dust may be applied at a concentration having little or no respirable mine rock dust. The mine rock dust may include a hydrophobic inorganic particulate material.

Abstract: A device for mixing powders by cryogenic fluid, characterised in that it comprises at least: a chamber for mixing powders, comprising a cryogenic fluid; a chamber for supplying powders in order to allow the powders to be introduced into the mixing chamber; means for agitation in the mixing chamber so as to allow the mixing of the powders placed in suspension in the cryogenic fluid.

Abstract: A system and method for processing a supply of post-consumer scrap linear low density or low density polyethylene film into near-virgin quality blown film product. The method includes tearing the supply of film in a shredder, wherein the surface area of the film is exposed, including delaminating the film. The torn supply of film is washed in a water bath including a surfactant. The film is agitated in the bath containing the surfactant wherein contaminants on the film are removed from the film. The washed film is ground into smaller pieces and additional washing of the ground film in a rotating friction washer and a sink float tank occurs wherein additional contaminants are removed from the film. The ground film is then dried and compacted without addition of water into granulated objects of near-virgin quality blown film product.

Abstract: A system and method for processing a supply of post-consumer scrap linear low density or low density polyethylene film into near-virgin quality blown film product. The method includes tearing the supply of film in a shredder, wherein the surface area of the film is exposed, including delaminating the film. The torn supply of film is washed in a water bath including a surfactant. The film is agitated in the bath containing the surfactant wherein contaminants on the film are removed from the film. The washed film is ground into smaller pieces and additional washing of the ground film in a rotating friction washer and a sink float tank occurs wherein additional contaminants are removed from the film. The ground film is then dried and compacted without addition of water into granulated objects of near-virgin quality blown film product.

Abstract: A vertical shaft impactor includes an impacting assembly that is configurable in a number of different ways, depending on the material to be processed by the impactor. The vertical shaft impactor includes an impacting chamber and an impacting assembly disposed in the chamber. The impacting assembly includes a number of rotors supported on a shaft, with the locations of the rotors being adjustable along the shaft. The rotors include adjustable structures for working and reducing materials in the vertical shaft impactor.

Abstract: A cryogenic grinding apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a material charge, a low-temperature embrittling device for embrittling the charged ground material by supplying liquid low-temperature gas, a mill for grinding the low-temperature embrittled ground material in an atmosphere containing the low-temperature gas, and a separating device. The separating device has a wind classifier, a removal device to remove the ground material from the mill-output volumetric flow, and a directing device to feed the removed ground material into a classifier-input volumetric flow and to discharge excess mill-output gas of the mill-output volumetric flow.

Abstract: A process for capturing undesirable combustion products produced in a high temperature combustion system in which a carbonaceous fuel is utilized. Very finely sized particles of alkaline earth carbonates or hydroxides, with or without added ground ash, are provided in slurry form, are dried and milled to provide unagglomerated, sub-micron-sized particles that are injected along with pulverized coal and an oxidizing agent into the high temperature combustion zone of a furnace. The particles capture and neutralize the gases that result in condensable acids, including SOx, NOx, HCL, and HF, as well as capturing toxic metals that are present in the combustion products, they mitigate ash fouling and slagging, and they facilitate economic heat exchange that permits fuel savings and recovery of water for use in other processes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a mineral filler product is disclosed, the process comprising a step of dry grinding a calcium carbonate-containing material in a mixture obtained by contacting the calcium carbonate-containing material with at least one grinding agent selected from specific styrene-maleic anhydride co-polymers and/or specific derivatives of styrene-maleic anhydride co-polymers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a mineral filler product is disclosed, the process comprising a step of dry grinding a calcium carbonate-containing material in a mixture obtained by contacting the calcium carbonate-containing material with at least one grinding agent selected from specific styrene-maleic anhydride co-polymers and/or specific derivatives of styrene-maleic anhydride co-polymers.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for improving the auto-dispersant characteristic in water of a mineral substance. The method includes the steps of dry-grinding, in the presence of a formulation, a mineral substance selected from a dolomite, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, kaolin and calcium carbonate, wherein the formulation contains a polyglycerol and no glycerol.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a method for producing an emulsion, comprising the steps of: (1) causing water and a water-insoluble substance that is to be emulsified to become freely miscible under conditions of temperature and pressure in the vicinity of the vapor-liquid critical point of water; and (2) cooling the product comprised of the water-insoluble substance and water solved each other in the presence of a surfactant to obtain a liquid comprised of the water-insoluble substance dispersed in water or a liquid comprised of water dispersed in the water-insoluble substance. The present invention provides a new method for producing emulsions with high efficiency without requiring a long period of processing or a great amount of energy.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a fluorine-containing polymer powder that is environmentally less harmful and forms a sufficiently smooth film without impairing the properties of the fluorine-containing polymers. The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing polymer powder including a fluorine-containing polymer prepared by suspension polymerization, which contains less than 0.1 ppm of a fluorine-containing surfactant and has an average particle size of not less than 1 ?m and less than 100 ?m and a bulk density of 0.90 to 1.50 g/cm3.

Abstract: A method of preparing silver-based oxide electrical contact materials with fiber-like arrangement, includes the following steps of: (1) uniformly mixing the silver-metal alloy powders and graphite powders and then ball-milling; (2) internally oxidizing the ball-milled powders; (3) sieving; (4) placing the sieved powders and the matrix powders into the powder mixer for mixing; (5) cold-isostatically pressing; (6) sintering; (7) hot-pressing; and (8) hot-extruding, thereby obtaining the silver-based oxide electrical contact material with fiber-like arrangement. The method of the present invention can obtain the silver-based oxide electrical contact material having neat fiber-like arrangement with no specific requirement on processing deformation, plasticity and ductility of the reinforcing phase. The production process in this method is simple and is easy to operate. Besides, there is no particular requirement on the equipment.

Abstract: A method of forming a CIGS absorber wherein at least one source particle is selected and prepared as a powder or gel; the powder or gel is deposited on a substrate, compressed, and annealed. In some embodiments, a plurality of source particles are prepared as powders and mixed prior to deposition, compression, and annealing. In other embodiments, a plurality of source particles are individually deposited in layers, collectively compressed, and collectively annealed. In yet further embodiments, a plurality of source particles are individually deposited in layers, individually compressed, and collectively annealed.

Abstract: A mineral composition comprising mineral particles, said mineral particles, when in a densely compacted bed form, having a volume defined median pore diameter from 0.01 to 0.04 micrometre, and having an intruded total specific void volume of 0.1-0.3 cm3/g. A specific advantage of this composition is that it as a component in a coating, allows the passage of ink solvent into the base paper while retaining the ink molecules on the surface.

Abstract: The method of producing a colored powder of a polymeric material includes the steps of selecting a feedstock of said polymeric material, pulverizing said polymeric material in a pulverizer to produce a powder, moving the powder directly from the pulverizer to a mixer; spraying a liquid formulation including a colorant into the powder within the mixer, and mixing the liquid formulation and powder.

Abstract: A low energy consumption monochrome toner includes a surface additive package having a high charging silica compound, an aerating silica compound, a colloidal silica compound, a polymeric spacer, and a crosslinked spacer. The low energy consumption monochrome toner is suitable for high speed printing in SCD systems while decreasing minimum fusing temperature, maintaining excellent hot offset and storage, and exhibiting a matte finish.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing activated nano carbon from food waste material and a method for preparing a polymer nano composite, wherein the activated nano carbon at least one polymer are blended.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cementitious composition adapted to form mortars or cements comprising glass as an additive having reduced tendency to reaction with alkali, characterised in that said glass is obtained by grinding and subsequent washing with water.

Abstract: Magnetic nanoflakes fabricated by surfactant assisted, wet, high energy ball milling of bulk precursors, with or without preceding dry, high energy ball milling, wherein certain nanoflakes indicate hard magnetic properties, crystallographic texture and magnetic anisotropy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for shredding a waste flow with solid constituents, the method comprising of: carrying the waste flow to a shredding device, the shredding device comprising a receiving space inside a housing, wherein a shredding unit with at least one shredding element is arranged in the housing; immersing the shredding element into the waste flow carried into the receiving space; shredding the solid constituents of the waste flow with the shredding element in the immersed state; discharging the waste flow from the housing. The invention also relates to a shredding device in which a shredding element is immersed during operation.

Abstract: A debris grinder interfaces directly with a typical roll-off container and a typical roll-off truck. By interfacing to the roll-off container, there is no need to feed waste by hand—an operation that is often dangerous to those operating the equipment. By interfacing with a typical roll-off truck, the debris grinder becomes mobile for spreading of the ground debris into the soil around the construction site. The debris grinder includes a skid portion for supporting and holding the roll-off container, a grinder portion for grinding debris from the roll-off container and depositing the ground-up debris onto the soil at the job site.

Abstract: Methods of reclaiming plastic from plastic medical waste containers containing medical waste and manufacturing recycled medical devices are described. Recycled medical devices made from plastic medical waste containers containing medical waste are also described.

Abstract: A method of producing nanoparticles can comprise milling a plurality of milling bodies sufficient to produce the nanoparticles from exterior surfaces of the plurality of milling bodies. In this manner, the milling bodies are simultaneously the milling media and the feedstock for production of nanoparticles such that additional solids are not present during milling. Nanoparticles can be readily formed and optional milling agent and capping agents can be provided to stabilize and/or customize the nanoparticles for a particular application.

Abstract: A plant (1) and method for recovering plastic materials of post-consumption materials, such as vehicle bumpers and tanks, in the plant, downstream of the volumetric reduction grinder (2), there is provided an intermediate grinder (6) and the washing vat (9) and the centrifuge (12) additionally being arranged upstream of the windmill/granulator (14), while in the method, an intermediate grinding step is arranged upstream of the grinding/granulation step and a subsequent washing step and separation in the vat of the parts of foreign materials through the difference of specific weight, including ferrous, non-ferrous materials and alloys thereof, of the material made of intermediate size, before the grinding/granulation step through windmill/granulator, wherein the washing and centrifugation water is subjected to a continuous purification cycle.

Abstract: A size reduction device and method for solid particles, which are conveyed as a suspension in a liquid flow. The device includes a housing, at least two counter-rotatable size reduction components disposed in the housing, each including a plurality of cutting elements, disposed on a common rotatable shaft with a longitudinal axis. The flow direction of the suspension is at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the shafts of the size reduction components. Two mutually opposite guide rails with a longitudinal axis parallel to the shafts are assigned to components. Each guide rail includes a base plate, on which ribs with channels are constituted parallel to the flow direction on the side of the base plate towards the component.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of disaggregating nanodiamond clusters, especially those clusters typically produced from detonation syntheses, the nanodiamond particles and dispersions produced from these disaggregation processes, and compositions derived from these nanodiamond particles and dispersions.

Abstract: The method of producing a colored powder of a polymeric material includes the steps of selecting a feedstock of said polymeric material, pulverizing said polymeric material in a pulverizer to produce a powder, moving the powder directly from the pulverizer to a mixer; spraying a liquid formulation including a colorant into the powder within the mixer, and mixing the liquid formulation and powder.

Abstract: The roller mill for grinding of material to be ground prescribed by the invention has a grinding table and at least one grinding roller which works with the grinding table, whereby a water lance for applying water to the material to be ground is placed in the rotation direction of the grinding table in front of the grinding roller. The water lance is designed to rotate and means for rotating the water lance are provided in order to specifically influence the exposure time of the water to the material to be ground before the material to be ground is gathered by the grinding roller.

Abstract: Grinding aid compositions comprising hydrolyzed starches, such as dextrin, maltodextrin or corn syrup solids. The grinding aid compositions are typically added to various mineral ore slurries prior to grinding operations to affect the rheology characteristics of the mineral ore slurries.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a mineral matter powder preparation by wet process without acrylic additive or other grinding aid additives and to the use of said mineral matter after an optional hydrophobic treatment. Said mineral material having superior dispersing properties.

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to apply a treatment agent to an agricultural byproduct. The apparatus includes a fragmenting chamber where the agricultural byproduct is fragmented into particles. An initial amount of a treatment agent is applied to the byproduct in the fragmenting chamber. Particles of a desired size flow through a screen from the fragmenting chamber to a recovery zone. A second amount of the treatment agent is applied to the particles in the recovery zone. A regulator regulates the amount of the treatment agent applied to the particles in the fragmenting chamber and the amount of treatment agent applied in the in the recovery zone. The regulation may be based on one or more feedback mechanisms.

Abstract: To provide a composition for a three-dimensional integrated circuit capable of forming a filling interlayer excellent in thermal conductivity also in a thickness direction, using agglomerated boron nitride particles excellent in the isotropy of thermal conductivity, disintegration resistance and kneading property with a resin. A composition for a three-dimensional integrated circuit, comprising agglomerated boron nitride particles which have a specific surface area of at least 10 m2/g, the surface of which is constituted by boron nitride primary particles having an average particle size of at least 0.05 ?m and at most 1 ?m, and which are spherical, and a resin (A) having a melt viscosity at 120° C. of at most 100 Pa·s.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flake-form conductive filler which is easy and low-cost to produce and has a high conductivity. The flake-form conductive filler of the present invention includes a flake-form base material and a silver coating covering the entire surface of the flake-form base material. The flake-form base material contains copper. The flake-form conductive filler has a ratio a/b between a peak intensity “a” derived from a silver (111) plane and a peak intensity “b” derived from a silver (220) plane at 2 or less in the powder X-ray diffraction measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating used absorbent sanitary products, comprising, a rotary cylindrical autoclave having an inner surface and two ends, at least one of which terminates in a hatch that can be opened to enable access to said autoclave and sealably closed to enable pressurization of said autoclave; and a circuit for heating and pressurizing the autoclave for heating the absorbent sanitary products to a sterilization temperature, wherein said autoclave comprises a sealing layer on said inner surface, designed to prevent adhesion on said inner surface of material coming from destructuring of said absorbent sanitary products.

Abstract: An organic compound nano-powder comprising a granular organic compound with an average particle diameter of 500 nm or less and a 90%-diameter of less than 1500 nm and a carbohydrate compound comprising at least any one of a sugar and a sugar alcohol and with amount of 0.3 times or more by mass relative to amount of the organic compound, a method for producing the same, and a suspension having the organic compound dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium in which the organic compound is insoluble or poorly soluble.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: Provided are a recycle method and apparatus for effectively obtaining a recycled alloy powder which is hardly oxidized and which has substantially the same particle diameter as that of alloy powder used for forming a molded body, by using the molded body formed by press molding in manufacturing a rare earth sintered magnet.

Abstract: Provided are flotation type system and method for crushing, separating and washing waste plastics. In a direction of transporting materials, the flotation type system includes a crusher, a flotation tank, a multi-functional rubbing and separating device, a washing tank and a dehydrator which are connected in turn; the flotation tank and the washing tank are disposed abreast; a discharge port of the flotation tank and a feeding port of the washing tank are disposed on the same end of the flotation type system; and the discharge port of the flotation tank and the feeding port of the washing tank are connected via the multi-functional rubbing and separating device. The method is to crush the waste plastics first and then execute multiple stages of washing and separating. The flotation type system and method herein are capable of improving the effect of washing waste plastics effectively and improving the quality of products.

Abstract: Herein disclosed in a method comprising: shearing a feed comprising a solid component in a high shear device to produce a product, at least a portion of which comprises sheared solids; and separating at least some of the sheared solids from the product to produce a component-reduced product, wherein the solid component in the feed stream comprises a first particle density, and wherein the sheared solids in the product comprise a second particle density greater than the first particle density. In some embodiments, the solid component of the feed comprises gas trapped therein, and wherein at least a portion of said gas is released from the solid component upon shearing. Herein also is disclosed a method of comminuting solids in a feed stream comprising a solid component by processing the feed stream in a high shear device to produce a product stream comprising comminuted solids.

Abstract: A debris grinder interfaces directly with a typical roll-off container and a typical roll-off truck. By interfacing to the roll-off container, there is no need to feed waste by hand—an operation that is often dangerous to those operating the equipment. By interfacing with a typical roll-off truck, the debris grinder becomes mobile for spreading of the ground debris into the soil around the construction site. The debris grinder includes a skid portion for supporting and holding the roll-off container, a grinder portion for grinding debris from the roll-off container and depositing the ground-up debris onto the soil at the job site.

Abstract: A composition comprising a fluid, and a material dispersed in the fluid, the material made up of particles having a complex three dimensional surface area such as a sharp blade-like surface, the particles having an aspect ratio larger than 0.7 for promoting kinetic boundary layer mixing in a non-linear-viscosity zone. The composition may further include an additive dispersed in the fluid. The fluid may be a thermopolymer material. A method of extruding the fluid includes feeding the fluid into an extruder, feeding additives into the extruder, feeding a material into the extruder, passing the material through a mixing zone in the extruder to disperse the material within the fluid wherein the material migrates to a boundary layer of the fluid to promote kinetic mixing of the additives within the fluid, the kinetic mixing taking place in a non-linear viscosity zone.

Abstract: A method of processing a heterogeneous material includes entraining heterogeneous particles into a fluid stream. Each of the heterogeneous particles comprises a liquid portion and a solid portion. The fluid stream is passed through at least one adjustable nozzle, and is impacted to dissociate the liquid from the solid. A method of separating oil from solid particles includes mixing oil-coated solid particles with water to form a slurry, passing a first portion of the slurry through a first nozzle, and passing a second portion of the slurry through a second nozzle such that the second portion of the slurry intersects the first portion of the slurry to separate the oil from the particles.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a silicon-containing composition in mass production, comprising steps of: slicing a silicon substrate with a free-abrasive wire to obtain a mixing slurry; separating the mixing slurry into a liquid mixture and a solid mixture; and sorting the solid mixture by particle size and removing the cutting wire granules from the solid mixture, so as to obtain the silicon-containing composition applicable for a lithium-ion battery. Furthermore, an anode material of a lithium-ion battery and a method of producing an anode electrode of a lithium-ion battery are provided. According to the method, a few abrasives of the wire sawing tool remain in the nano-scale or micro-scale silicon-containing composition, and thus the problems of extreme volumetric expansion under heat and high production cost are overcome. The produced silicon-containing composition is applicable for a lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: In an aspect, a negative active material, a method of preparing the negative active material, and a lithium battery including the negative active material are provided. The method of preparing the negative active material may increase pulverizing efficiency in pulverizing a silicon-based bulky particle into a nano-size silicon-based primary particle and decrease a capacity loss of the obtained negative active material. The nano-size negative active material has excellent crystalline characteristics, high capacity, and high initial efficiency, due to a decrease in surface oxidation and surface damage.

Abstract: The invention relates to biodegradable iron alloy-containing compositions for use in preparing medical devices. In addition, biodegradable crystalline and amorphous compositions of the invention exhibit properties that make them suitable for use as medical devices for implantation into a body of a patient. The compositions include elemental iron and one or more elements selected from manganese, magnesium, zirconium, zinc and calcium. The compositions can be prepared using a high energy milling technique. The resulting compositions and the devices formed therefrom are useful in various surgical procedures, such as but not limited to orthopedic, craniofacial and cardiovascular.