Abstract: Methods and compositions for grinding materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of grinding solid materials. For example, the method can comprise mixing the solid material with the grinding aid, and using a grinding media such as steel balls to grind the solids. The grinding aid composition can comprise one or more glycerin by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. The grinding aid composition can also comprise one or more glycerin by-products of transesterification reactions involving triglycerides. The grinding aid can be added to the grinding process as a solution.

Abstract: A raw material is fed through a raw material supply channel into a raw material introduction part between a fixed grinding disc and a moving grinding disc. The moving grinding disc is provided on a drive shaft and the gap between the same and the fixed grinding disc is adjusted by means of a gap adjusting mechanism. Heat transfer from the drive unit is prevented while power is transmitted to the drive shaft to rotate the moving grinding disc. The raw material while being transferred through the coarse grinding distributing channel is coarsely ground and any raw material of low grindability is crushed by the crushing part, distributed to the microgrinding part and microground to thereby attain the production of ground matter.

Abstract: Blending methods for adding and uniformly mixing a small fraction of relatively small particles (additives) to a bulk particulate powder of larger size than the additives. In particular, the present invention provides blending methods for adding and uniformly mixing a small percentage of flow/fluidization additives into fine powders, especially fine paint powders. The fine powder and additives are first pre-mixed for macro-scale homogeneity and then further mixed at a micro-scale (such as with a screen mixing process) for micro-scale homogeneity. With these methods, optimum dispersions and maximum functionalities of additives can be obtained and the disadvantages caused by severe agglomerates of additives can be avoided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of producing high-quality sintering powder by grinding metal powder along with carbon nanotube (CNT) particles. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of producing high-quality sintered compact by sintering well-dispersed powder prepared using advanced CNT composite to prevent cohesion of particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing animal byproduct materials is disclosed. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a grinder for grinding the byproduct materials; a mixer for mixing the ground byproduct materials with an oil absorbing material and a backmix material; and a dryer for drying the mixed materials. In some embodiments, the apparatus also includes a cyclone for separating an air stream from the dried materials. The dried materials are transported to one or more presses for pressing the dried materials, thereby reducing oil content. The one or more presses includes a first opening for delivering pressed oil to a centrifuge and a second opening for sending the pressed materials to a screener. A portion of the screened material is sent back to the mixer (and/or the grinder) and the balance of the screened material are sent to storage as a finished product.

Abstract: Methods of recycling carpet components are disclosed. Usable compositions containing recycled carpet components, and carpets and carpet components containing recycled carpet components are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of recycling carpet components are disclosed. Usable compositions containing recycled carpet components, and carpets and carpet components containing recycled carpet components are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for grinding waste material like kitchen waste foresees a loading section (10) for loading the waste material, a grinding section (12) for grinding the waste material, means for collecting (15) the ground waste, and means (20,25,35) for dispensing controlled quantities of sanitizing or cleaning powder (P) in the apparatus directly on the waste material present in the loading section, or on the internal surfaces of the apparatus. The powder can also be dispensed on the waste material that has been ground and collected (15). The powder (P) that is dispensed influences the biological transformation of the waste to avoid formation of hazardous substances for the health and sources of bad smell. The powder can be dispensed directly or by movement with a flow of air, which is generated for example by a rotor or piston mechanism. There can also be a system that fluidizes the powder to create a flow of air mixed with powder which is then dispensed in the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for selectively separating mixed synthetic organic materials such as filled or non-filled polymers and/or copolymers that are wastes, particularly used, for recycling in order to upgrade them. These synthetic organic materials result from the destruction by crushing of automobiles and durable consumer goods that have reached the end of their serviceable lives. Said selective separation method acts by separating these materials with regard to a density threshold selected in a dense medium consisting of separating fluid liquid suspensions composed of powdery particles dispersed in an aqueous phase. These suspensions are stabilized by using a dynamic stabilizing means at a density threshold value selected for causing the selective separation of a determined fraction from the mixture of the used materials to be separated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for selectively separating synthetic organic materials such as polymers and/or reinforced or non-reinforced copolymers in the form of wastes, in particular domestic wastes recyclable in order to be reused. Said synthetic organic materials are recuperated from broken used cars and obsolete consumer durable products. The inventive method for selective separation consists in separating materials which have an identical density threshold value and are selected from a dense medium comprising separate liquid fluid suspensions which consist of powdery disperses particles in an aqueous phase and are stabilized with respect to the density threshold value selected in such a way that a selective separation of a determined fraction of the mixture of separable used material is initiated.

Abstract: Disclosed is black phosphorus or black phosphorus-carbon composite, which is very suitable for an anode material of lithium rechargeable battery. The black phosphorus or black phosphorus-carbon composite is prepared by using high energy ball-milling, which is easy and efficient way in transforming amorphous red phosphorus into orthorhombic black phosphorus at ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract: In order to provide a simple and economical method for the production of a flowable powder of a fluoropolymer compound, there is proposed a method for the production of a flowable powder of a fluoropolymer compound from a dry mixture, which contains at least one fluoropolymer material and at least one filler, including the steps of pressing the dry mixture into lumps and crushing the lumps to form the flowable powder.

Abstract: A mixing machine adapted to mix a liquid mixture containing bitumen with solid granules so as to obtain a homogenised bituminous mix. The machine comprising a cylindrical container arranged coaxially to a vertical axis and capable of containing the liquid mixture containing bitumen and the solid granules, a heating circuit for heating the inner side surface of the cylindrical container, a mixing assembly mounted axially rotatable within the container to rotate about the vertical axis, and a driving unit adapted to rotate the mixing assembly about the vertical axis. The mixing assembly comprises a helicoidal blade which extends coaxial to the axis within the container and has its outer peripheral edge in contact with the inner surface of the container so as to scrape the material adhering on the inner surface during its rotation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition comprising a fine particulate glass cullet. The particulate material may be obtained by a suitable grinding process. The particulate cullet is useful as an inexpensive filler for polymer compositions and in abrasive compositions.

Abstract: A low crystallinity calcium phosphate powder is prepared by mechanically grinding a calcium phosphate solid under grinding forces local heating sufficient to mechanically alloy the calcium phosphate solid and reduce the crystalline domains of the calcium phosphate solid to less than about 100 nm. The method is useful for making any calcium phosphate material by solid-solid mixing and high energy grinding.

Abstract: In order to manufacture the compound powder or the porous granulated substance in an efficient manner, a powder processing apparatus has an accumulating face on which the processing target powder is to be accumulated and a processing face disposed in opposition to the accumulating face and convexly curved, and a moving means for moving the accumulating face and the processing face along the accumulating face relative to each other. The apparatus comprises an excitement treatment means capable of applying an excitation energy to the processing target powder accumulated on the accumulating face from an excitation energy supplying portion disposed in opposition to the accumulating face or an oscillation means for oscillating the accumulating face or the processing face in a direction intersecting the accumulating face.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing particulate brucite comprising grinding and beneficiating particulate brucite wherein the ground beneficiated particulate brucite has a d90 of less than or equal to about 6.4 ?m as measured by laser light scattering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cellulose ether products which is characterized in that superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are dried and milled, or mill-dried, conjointly with moist cellulose ether and also to the cellulose ether products resulting from this process.

Abstract: Method for processing of pozzolans comprising fly ash such as Class F and/or Class C fly ash used for preparation of mortars and concretes, characterized in, that the pozzolans is subjected to a high energetic mechanical processing by means of grinding in a grinding equipment to a fineness of the final product with a retention on a sieve 30 microns being less than 5%, whereby the pozzolan particles receive mechanical impulses when non-cenosphere in the form of coarse scoria particles are disintegrated and whereby the surface of cenosphere grinded particles is activated.

Abstract: The invention utilizes a carbon nano material to nanotize a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, thereby forming single or multiple crystals to enhance the surface to volume ratio and hydrogen diffusion channel of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material. Therefore, the hydrogen storage material has higher hydrogen storage capability, higher absorption/desorption rate, and lower absorption/desorption temperature.

Abstract: Grinding media, including shaped media such as spheres or rods ranging in size from about 0.5 micron to 100 mm in diameter, are formed from a multi-carbide material consisting essentially of two or more carbide-forming elements and carbon, with or without carbide-forming elements in their free elemental state. The media have extremely high mass density, extreme hardness, and extreme mechanical toughness.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preparation method of a snow removal agent comprising: a crushing step of crushing halite using a crusher; an aging step of aging the crushed halite; a first mixing step of mixing the aged halite with magnesium chloride in a stirring machine and stirring the mixture; and a second mixing step of adding sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metasilicate and urea and stirring the resultant mixture. The snow removal agent prepared by the present invention is not hardened even when stored for a long period of time and is environment-friendly with no negative effects to plants, fish and shellfish.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a process for manufacturing at least one particulate material is disclosed, the process including the following consecutive steps of: a) introducing into a vibrating grinder at least two powders each comprising UO2, provided by two different synthesis routes and of close specific surface area; b) shaking the powders into the grinder so as to form a particulate material, the grinding intensity being sufficient to break up the agglomerates and the aggregates in the powders without at the same time breaking up the crystallites in the powders, and the grinding energy being such that all of the agglomerates and aggregates are destroyed. One embodiment of the present invention also concerns a particulate material obtained by this process.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of hydrosoluble homopolymers and/or copolymers of acrylic/or methacrylic acid with one or more acrylic, vinyl or allyl monomers as an aid to the grinding of mineral particles in aqueous suspension, providing them by their use particular optical properties. The invention also concerns the said aqueous suspensions and their uses in the fields of paper and paint.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of efficiently producing niobium powder, niobium alloy powder, niobium hydride powder or niobium hydride alloy powder for a capacitor, which enables production of capacitor having a high capacitance per unit mass and good leakage current characteristics with narrow variation, and also provides a production method for sintered body and a capacitor using the niobium powder, niobium alloy powder, niobium hydride powder or niobium hydride alloy powder. According to the present invention, by grinding niobium hydride powder or niobium hydride alloy powder with a grinding aid having a density of 2 to 3.6 g/cm3 and a fracture toughness value of 1.5 MPa·m1/2 or more, such as beads made of silicon nitride or a compound containing silicon nitride, a niobium powder with high capacitance can be efficiently produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high-purity niobium monoxide powder (NbO) produced by a process of combining a mixture of higher niobium oxides and niobium metal powder or granules; heating and reacting the compacted mixture under controlled atmosphere to achieve temperature greater than about 1945° C., at which temperature the NbO is liquid; solidifying the liquid NbO to form a body of material; and fragmenting the body to form NbO particles suitable for application as capacitor anodes. The NbO product is unusually pure in composition and crystallography, and can be used for capacitors and for other electronic applications. The method of production of the NbO is robust, does not require high-purity feedstock, and can reclaim value from waste streams associated with the processing of NbO electronic components. The method of production also can be used to make high-purity NbO2 and mixtures of niobium metal/niobium monoxide and niobium monoxide/niobium dioxide.

Abstract: A milling apparatus comprising a milling chamber loadable with a grinding charge; an inlet to the milling chamber via which a material to be milled is introduced into the milling chamber; and an outlet from the chamber via which milled material is extracted from the milling chamber; wherein a rotatingly driven centrifuge grinding separator is located within the milling chamber which separator comprises: an upper plate formed with a plurality of diagonally formed through slots; a lower plate formed with a plurality of diagonally formed through slots; and a ring located between the upper and lower plates formed with a plurality of diagonally formed through slots; arranged such that rotation of the central ring formed with the diagonal slots continually pressurizes such a grinding charge so as to force such a grinding charge from the centre of the separator upward and over the periphery of the separator and downward and under en the periphery of the separator and rotation of the upper and lower plates formed wit

Abstract: A particulate material is ground more efficiently using a mixture of at least two different sizes of yttrium-stabilized zirconia balls. The method facilitates preparation of photocatalysts with high activity.

Abstract: A method for reducing particle size of a particulate comprising feeding a feed material to a grinding mill having a power of at least 500 kW, the mill having a specific power draw of at least 50 kW per cubic metre of grinding volume of the mill and the grinding mill including a grinding media comprising particulate material having a specific gravity of not less than 2.4 tonnes/m3 and a particle size falling in the range of from about 0.8 to 8 mm, grinding the feed material in the grinding mill and removing a product from the grinding mill, the product having a particle size range such that D80 of the product is at least about 20 microns.

Abstract: Nanotechnology methods for creating stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric substances with unusual combination of properties by lattice level composition engineering are described.

Abstract: Method for processing of pozzolans comprising fly ash such as Class F and/or Class C fly ash used for preparation of mortars and concretes, characterized in, that the pozzolans is subjected to a high energetic mechanical processing by means of grinding in a grinding equipment to a fineness of the final product with a retention on a sieve 30 microns being less than 5%, whereby the pozzolan particles receive mechanical impulses when non-cenosphere in the form of coarse scoria particles are disintegrated and whereby the surface of cenosphere grinded particles is activated.

Abstract: Method for reusing bituminous products (11), in particular bitumen containing roofing materials and membranes, wherein the bitumen containing products are placed in a second hopper (9), where a particulate material having a grain size between 5 mm and 35 mm is placed in a first hopper (5), and that in the bottom of the second hopper, conveyor means (10) urges the bituminous material into a mixing chamber (8), and that inside said mixing chamber a milling and/or crushing wheel (14) is arranged, which wheel engages and crushes/mills the material transported from the second hopper in an engagement zone, and at the same position as the wheel engages the bituminous material, the particulate material by means of a first conveyor (7) is fed into the engagement zone, and that the wheel's action will fragment the materials and at the same time mix the fragmented bituminous materials and the particulate materials, and transport the material past a sieve (15) , where material having a particle size smaller than the siev

Abstract: Process for milling a substance selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium sesquicarbonate or trona, in which a cleaning agent is introduced into a mill for the purpose of obtaining a powder with a mean diameter of less than 100 ?m and of inhibiting the formation of incrustations in the mill.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for activating drugs by means of high-energy co-grinding of the drug with a pharmaceutical carrier, characterised by the use of a vibrational mill equipped with means that regulate the vibration frequency. The process, performed by modifying the frequency of vibration and keeping its amplitude constant, produces drug/carrier composites with a constant particle size in which the degree of drug activation increases in proportion to the frequency applied. The invention also includes a vibrational mill suitably modified to perform the process described.

Abstract: The present invention relates methods of making a ferroelectric powder and ceramics having the steps of mixing a polymer and a metal oxide precursor mixture within a mill, milling the polymer/precursor mixture, drying the mixture, burning the dried solid, grinding the solid, and calcinating the solid to a ferroelectric powder. The present invention in particular introduces a polymeric species with a metal oxide precursor at the milling stage. The production of ceramics further involves compressing the ferroelectric powder and sintering the compression.

Abstract: A method of producing a fuel substance by separating materials in a recycling operation based on BTU component content is provided. A stream of materials including non-sorted, heterogeneous, recycled materials is shredded. The stream of materials is separated into heavy and light materials with a separator that discharges the light and heavy materials in respective light and heavy material streams. Ferrous and non-ferrous materials are magnetically separated from the heavy material stream. The non-ferrous materials are discharged to a screen for further separation. The light materials are processed through a rotary trommel and a non-ferrous metal separator to separate the light materials into fine, coarse, and non-ferrous metal materials, the coarse materials having a BTU component content of at least four thousand BTU's per ton. Low density materials are separated from the coarse materials with a low density separator, thereby increasing the BTU component content of the coarse materials.

Abstract: Taught herein are methods of integrated material processing, especially integrated processing of waste materials. According to the methods, waste materials are exposed simultaneously to two or more unit operations, and the physical phenomena associated with each of the unit operations act in concert to achieve a desired processing objective.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of hydrotalcites by using at least one compound of a bivalent metal (Component A) and at least one compound of a trivalent metal (Component B), wherein at least one of these components is not used in the form of a solution, characterized in that a) at least one of the Components A and/or B which is not used in the form of a solution, shortly before or during mixing of the components, and/or b) the mixture containing the Components A and B is subjected to intensive grinding until an average particle size (D50) in the range of approx. 0.1 to 5 ?m is obtained, and optionally, after aging treatment or hydrothermal treatment, the resulting hydrotalcite product is separated, dried, and optionally calcinated.

Abstract: A processor and method for treating infectious waste utilizes a processing chamber having an inlet for delivering processing water at an elevated temperature and under pressure into the processing chamber, an opening in the processing chamber for receiving of infectious waste and for removing treated waste, an agitator for opening the waste material to the action of the water at elevated temperature and pressure. A basket and/or a sieve may be carried in the processing chamber to facilitate drainage of spent processing water, and an apparatus may be included for removing neutralized waste through the opening in the processing chamber either by inverting the processor or by removing and inverting the basket and/or sieve.

Abstract: A method for the production of zinc flake from zinc particles by dry milling the zinc particles using a mixture of a fluorocarbon lubricant and a stearate lubricant, optionally in admixture with a hydrophobic inorganic powder.

Abstract: A process of both milling and drying a solvent-moist material (e.g., water-moist methylhydroxyethylcellulose) is described. The process includes, (a) providing a mill-dryer (100) which includes, in series, a heat exchanger (1), a mill (2) and a particulate separating apparatus (105) connected by conduits (8), (9) and (11, 12), which together define a mill-dryer circuit (103). The mill-dryer (100) also includes a bypass conduit (14), which provides optionally at least partial gaseous bypass of the heat exchanger (1). The process further includes: (b) introducing the solvent-moist material into the mill (2); (c) circulating a vapor stream (e.g.

Abstract: The invention provides high surface area talc compositions by a novel hybrid milling method or soaking method. The hybrid milling method comprises dry milling talc powder followed by mixing with water and wet milling to provide a nano-talc slurry with high surface area, also of the invention. The soaking method comprises dry milling talc powder followed by mixing with water and soaking the powder for a period of time to provide high surface area nano-talc slurry, also of the invention. The slurry may be dewatered and dried to provide dry nano-talc powder. The nano-talc powder provided by the invention is a novel hydrophilic talc composition also of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of comminuting/pulverizing polyurethane-containing materials to produce fine particles. The method of comminuting/pulverizing polyurethane-containing materials comprises first chopping the polyurethane-containing materials, thereby producing a polyurethane-containing flock. The polyurethane-containing flock is then processed to form a powder through a comminuting/pulverizing process wherein the comminuting/pulverizing process has at least two steps. Finally, a solid additive is added at any time during the comminuting/pulverizing process to prevent adherence of the polyurethane-containing materials powder during one of the at least two steps.

Abstract: A process for producing fine particulate polymer drag reducing agent (DRA) by without cryogenic temperatures, is described. The grinding or pulverizing of polymer, such as poly(alpha-olefin) may be achieved by the use of at least one solid organic grinding aid and at least one liquid grinding aid. In one non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the grinding is conducted at ambient temperature. Examples of a solid organic grinding aid include ethene/butene copolymer particles, paraffin waxes and solid alcohols. An example of a suitable liquid grinding aid includes a blend of glycol, water and isopropyl alcohol. Particulate DRA may be produced at a size of about 500 microns or less. Use of an attrition mill is preferred.

Abstract: Relative coarse flakes fabricated from used and manufacturing scrap asphalt shingle material are finish processed into ground cover and/or erosion control products. Processing of the flakes include (i) softening the surface of the flakes, (ii) embedding a surface treatment material into the softened surface of the flakes, and either (iii) supplying the flake as loose ground cover, or (iv) compressing the flakes into a portable mat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for grinding a plastic material to produce superfine particles and compositions, such as suspensions and dry powders, resulting from such process. Common ice is the abrasive for grinding.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the production of a superfine mineral material powder wherein the subject mineral material is combined with a dry separation agent such as sodium chloride and ground for a sufficient time to produce the superfine mineral material of predetermined size or specific surface area. The separation agent is then removed from the final product by washing it with a solvent such as water. Superfine powders composed of mineral materials where the material is selected from the group consisting of talc, calcium carbonate, zeolite, clay, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, iron oxide and magnesium oxide are also claimed.

Abstract: A composition for substrate materials according to the present invention includes 70-95 wt. % of inorganic powder and 5-30 wt. % of thermosetting resin composition and is in a finely crushed condition. The composition for substrate materials is prepared, for example, by crushing into fine pieces and mixing the inorganic powder and the thermosetting resin composition. A heat conductive substrate is provided with an insulator body formed by heating and pressurizing said composition for substrate materials and a wiring pattern is provided in such a condition that it is exposed on the surface of the insulator body. A process for manufacturing the heat conductive substrate comprises forming said composition for substrate materials into the insulator body by casting the above mentioned composition for substrate materials into a metal mold to be heated and pressurized so that said thermosetting resin is cured.

Abstract: In a method of producing particles suitable for use as carrier particles in dry powder inhalers, particles (1) of a size suitable for use as carrier particles in dry powder inhalers are treated so as to dislodge small grains from the surface of the particles, without substantially changing the size of the particles during the treatment. The treatment gives improved efficiency of redispersion of active particles from the surfaces of carrier particles.

Abstract: Aggregated mineral pigments (such as kaolin clay pigments) having a high surface area and useful in coating and filling compositions for ink jet printing media are manufactured by dry grinding an unground mineral composition starting material and then optionally acid treating the ground material.