Abstract: A grinding mill for grinding grain and the like includes a pair of grinding discs, each having a cutting face arranged adjacent to the cutting face of the other disc. Each grinding disc has a plurality of cutting teeth circumferentially spaced on the cutting face to define channels between the teeth. The teeth and the channels of each disc extend inwardly from near the periphery of the disc at an angle to the disc radii so that when one disc is rotated with respect to the other, an outwardly-operating scissor action is effected between the teeth of the two discs. One of the discs is movable axially with respect to the other disc and apparatus is provided for preventing movement of the movable disc to a point where it would otherwise contact the other disc.

Abstract: A lining element for pulp refiners is made by casting from a steel alloy containing from 1.0 to 5 percent by weight of titanium present as titanium carbide grains having an average size of 10 microns or less and being uniformly distributed throughout the lining element. The titanium carbide prevents polishing of the working faces of the lining element.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for manufacturing ground wood pulp from ligno-cellulose containing wood block material by forcing the block material to be ground against the end surface of a rotatably mounted grinding disc which has projecting grinding means in the shape of elevations or ridges located on the disc end surface which define grooves directed towards the end surface circumference. The apparatus includes a pressure plate for pressing the block material along a longitudinal side against the disc end surface with the fibers directed outwardly from the center of the grinding disc and toward the periphery of circumference of the disc while the fibers are separated. In this manner the fibers are oriented in the same direction as the edges of the elevations or ridges which carry the fibers radially outward and the elevation edges engage the block fibers under a movement component which is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the fibers.

Abstract: The knife assembly consists essentially of a relatively light two-edged cutting insert and a heavier holder. The insert is symmetrical about its longitudinal axis. In cross-section the two cutting edges of the insert represent the acute corners of a parallelogram, the obtuse corners of which are occupied by two longitudinal grooves that are hook-shaped in cross section. The holder includes a base plate having a projection complementary to either of said grooves. A clamping plate secures the insert on the base plate and binds said projection and said hook-like groove together. In the assembled knife the cutting edge of the insert is bounded by two plane surfaces one of which is flush with a plane surface on the holder and the other of which is flush with a plane surface on the clamping plate.

Abstract: A set of grinding disks primarily intended for use in grinding nuts such as peanuts in making nut butter can be constructed so as to have adjacent peripheral ring-shaped grinding surfaces located internally of the peripheral walls of such disks. The interiors of such disks within these grinding surfaces are recessed through the use of internally sloping walls to be spaced from one another. The surfaces are each provided with a plurality of spaced grooves leading from the interiors of these surfaces to the exteriors of these surfaces. Projections extend toward the interiors of the disks from the interiors of the grinding surfaces. These projections are constructed so as to convey material which is centrally located between these disks toward the grooves and the grinding surfaces and for comminuting such material as it is conveyed.

Abstract: A matched pair of milling wheels for use in home grain mills includes a stator and a rotor. Each wheel is ideally composite, with a metal casting supporting a peripheral ring of cast stone. When the wheels are mounted in a mill with their peripheral grinding surfaces juxtaposed, their interior sections define a central cavity which functions as a crushing section. The crushing section contains opposed cutting teeth constituting means for primary shearing and grooves spaced between the cutting teeth constituting means for secondary shearing action. The grooves also provide access for grain particles to migrate out toward the grinding interface between the peripheral cast stone rings.

Abstract: The knives on the surface of a peeler and grater disc for a vegetable peeling machine are formed from portions of the disc and are integral therewith. The knives are arranged in generally spiral rows from the center of the disc. Upturned reinforcing lips formed from and integral with the disc are located adjacent slots in front of each individual knife. The lips and knives cooperate to define the knife cutting depths. A pair of radially extending ribs on the disc cooperate with spiral ribs along the walls of the peeling chamber to promote circulation and rotation of all the vegetables for uniform exposure of all sides of all the vegetables to the disc.