Abstract: A pulverizer including a solid-gas mixer to mix a compressed gas and particles of a raw material to be pulverized to prepare a solid-gas mixture; a particle path controlling nozzle connected with the solid-gas mixer to feed the solid-gas mixture fed from the solid-gas mixer while accelerating the solid-gas mixture and controlling the particles of the raw material so as to choose different flow paths based on particle diameters of the particles of the raw material; a collision member; and an accelerating tube connected with the particle path controlling nozzle to further accelerate the solid-gas mixture fed from the particle path controlling nozzle while maintaining the flow paths of the particles and ejecting the accelerated solid-gas mixture toward the collision member to pulverize the raw material.

Abstract: A supersonic pulverizing device includes a main body which is connected with at least two charging units. Each charging unit has a charging passage therein and at least one accelerating wind nozzle disposed at a front end of the charging passage. A source material and a charging air flow are delivered to the charging passage and an accelerating air flow is inputted to the accelerating wind nozzle, so that the charging air flow carries the source material to flow and enter the main body by the accelerating air flow at a supersonic speed and counter with the charging air flow from another charging unit. The source material can be effectively crashed to the desired powder. The source material is covered by the charging air flow, so the device won't be worn by the source material. The pulverizing device has a longer lifespan and can prevent the source material from being polluted.

Abstract: The rotational speed of the drum of an ore mill may be controlled variably over time. By rotating the drum during a first time interval at high speed, especially hard or dense particles are broken up by tumbling. At the same time, the discharge characteristics of the mill are adversely affected. In a subsequent second time interval, the drum is rotated at a slower speed, and the material is discharged more effectively, whereas the tumbling movement inside the mill is not achieved. The combination of said different modes of operation within short time periods in continuous operation may improve both the comminution as a result of a tumbling motion of the material and also the discharge of the ground material. By regulating the rotational speed with different target values within short time windows, different requirements for the movement behavior of the material to be ground and for the discharge characteristics of the ground material can be simultaneously optimised.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method and apparatus for aqueous extraction of chemical compounds from solid material in which the solid material is entrained in an extraction liquid phase that flowed around immersed sonotrodes emitting radial or focused high energy ultrasonic waves. A significant increase in extracted material and decreases in extraction time is observed.

Abstract: A processing system and associated method for milling boron with impurity contamination avoidance. The system includes a jet mill for reducing the particle size of a boron feed stock, and a feed stock inlet for delivering the boron feed stock toward the jet mill. The system includes at least one inlet for delivering at least one gas into the jet mill. The gas and the boron feed stock comingle within the jet mill during milling reduction of boron particle size. The system includes a source of the at least one gas operatively connected to the at least one inlet, with the at least one gas being a gas that avoids transferring impurity during milling reduction of boron particle size.

Abstract: The essence of the invention is that it involves the feed of a material to be ground and the acceleration of said material. During acceleration, jets are formed from a mixture of material to be ground and air and said mixture is fed to an annular grinding chamber. Simultaneously, a stream of air is fed into the grinding chamber in a direction contrary to that of the mixture jets. Local cyclic variations in the pressure and rate of the air stream and/or in the pressure and rate of the mixture jets are formed along the perimeter of the grinding chamber. The finished product is removed. The material grinding device comprises a housing with a unit for the feed of the material to be ground and a unit for the removal of the finished product. An annular grinding chamber is accommodated in the housing. Two rotating rotors with the blades fastened thereto are coaxially arranged in the housing.

Abstract: A method for micronization of a dispersion of particles including a protein having a predetermined level of biological activity, is provided. The method includes introducing the dispersion into a vortex chamber milling apparatus under milling conditions which result in a protein powder having a particle size distribution of 5 to 100 ?m and/or exhibiting a 30 to 400 fold size reduction of the protein particle dispersion from its original size, and retaining at least 80% of the predetermined level of biological activity of the protein. The milling conditions include one or more parameters selected from the following: input pressure between 1 and 7 Bars; injector pressure between 0.2 and 5 Bars; loading rate between 0.1 and 5 kg/hour; and gas flow between 30 and 100 m3/hour.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a jet mill with an integrated dynamic air classifier, wherein particles are fed as grinding stock into a grinding chamber of the jet mill and are ground there into ultra-fine particles by grinding, in that superheated steam or technical gases is/are used as working stock, wherein at least one surface-active additive is fed to the grinding stock for stabilization of the generated ultra-fine particles. A jet mill for performing this method, having an integrated dynamic air classifier, and a grinding chamber into which superheated steam or technical gases are provided as working stock via working stock feed devices as grinding stock and in which the grinding stock is ground into ultra-fine particles by grinding, and wherein feeding devices for at least one surface-active additive for stabilization of the generated ultra-fine particles are provided.

Abstract: Reactor for carrying out chemical and physical materials transformations, which comprises a reaction space enclosed by a reactor housing, where the reactor housing has at least two lateral fluid inlets having adjustably mounted nozzles which include an angle of about 20-160 degrees and through which fluid jets which impinge on one another at a common collision point within the reaction space are passed and the reactor has a fluid outlet at the bottom of the reaction space, which is characterized in that—an exchangeable bottom plate•which has a hole as fluid outlet and•on which moveably supported spheres are located so as to block the original path of the individual fluid jets in the unaligned state rests on the bottom of the reaction space and—a half shell standing upright on the bottom of the reaction space is located between each moveably supported sphere and the wall of the reactor space and—bottom plate, half shell and moveably supported spheres comprise one or more hard materials.

Abstract: A metering device, a metering element, and a method for operating same, the metering element having a storage container open on one side for receiving the substances to be metered and a plunger which is axially movable and reversibly seals the opening of the storage container and which preferably has at least one centrally located metering opening for metering the substances provided in the storage container, the plunger including a separation device for particles.

Abstract: Calcium carbonate particles having very narrow particle sizes with a controlled D98 and minimal ultrafines (very small particles) are described. The particles are prepared by grinding a feedstock in a centrifugal grinding mill, which utilizes very high centrifugal forces to impact the particles with each other or grinding media.

Abstract: A method of making frac sand having a selected grade from a naturally occurring, mined sand having a SiO2 content of at least about 80 percent and having a particle size range where the maximum particle size is less than about 8.

Abstract: A process for the jet milling of particles where water vapor is added to the jet milling system. The temperature, pressure and relative humidity of the water vapor is maintained and adjusted to ensure that the water vapor present during micronization is greater than allowed under equilibrium conditions, but remains above its Wilson point.

Abstract: A salt dust generator and method for producing salt dust that is used in salt therapy are described where salt dust is generated when salt particles that are moved in an air flow collide with each other and with certain parts of a salt dust generator. By regulating the speed of the air flow, thus changing its capability to carry the salt particles, and using obstacles, for instance nets that are placed into the salt dust generator vessel, it is possible to increase the amount of the collisions of the salt particles and thus make the formation of the salt dust more efficient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing very fine particles by means of a jet mill (1). The relative distance a/dDüse between at least approximately concentric milling jet inlets (5) whose center lines intersect at least approximately in one point is adjusted in accordance with the pressure of the working medium, a representing the jet length and dDüse representing the nozzle diameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to method of preparing an antimicrobial agent comprising heating a dialdehyde polysaccharide. The method comprises subjecting a dialdehyde polysaccharide, such as a dialdehyde starch or a dialdehyde cellulose, to heating and/or sonication for a period of time. Also provided herein is an antimicrobial composition comprising the prepared dialdehyde polysaccharide. The antimicrobial composition is effective at killing microbial agents such as viruses and bacteria within a short period of time.

Abstract: This system and method for producing nanomaterials allows for the production of relatively high concentrations of nanoparticles with a minimum of expense, time and energy. Ultrasonic waves, produced at a power of approximately 50 W with a frequency of 26.23 kHz, are projected on a material sample while, simultaneously, a fluid stream jet is projected on the material sample. The ultrasonic waves, in the presence of the fluid jet, create cavities that explode at the surface of the solid material, leading to creation of cracks in the material surface. With the increase in the number of cracks in the material, the solid material erodes. The eroded material, which is on the nanometer scale, is collected on a suitable substrate, such as silicon. This method allows for the preparation of nanoparticles from any solid material, in particular very hard materials, such as diamond, silicon carbide and the like.

Abstract: A seashell collecting and crushing apparatus includes a collection device having a hollow body and an inlet for introducing seashells into the hollow body. A fan assembly is operable to provide a suction airstream for drawing seashells into the hollow body. A crusher is positioned to receive seashells from an outlet of the collection device and pulverize the seashells received from the collection device into a fine particulate matter releasable through an outlet of the crusher. The fan assembly and the crusher are driven by a common driving arrangement. A method includes using the apparatus for removing seashells from the beach using the suction airstream to introduce seashells through the inlet into the hollow body, separating the seashells entering the hollow body from the suction airstream, pulverizing the seashells into a fine particulate matter using the crusher and exhausting the fine particulate matter through the outlet of the crusher.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer material exhibiting an increased hydrophilicity prepared by processing the material in a jet mill.

Abstract: Methods and systems for enhancing fluidization of nanoparticle and/or nanoagglomerates are provided. A fluidization chamber is provided with a fluidizing medium directed in a first fluidizing direction, e.g., upward into and through a bed containing a volume of nanoparticles and/or nanopowders. A second source of air/gas flow is provided with respect to the fluidization chamber, the secondary air/gas flow generally being oppositely directed relative to the fluidizing medium. Turbulence created by the secondary gas flow is advantageously effective to aerate the agglomerates and the shear generated by the jet is advantageously effective to break apart nanoagglomerates and/or reduce the tendency for nanoagglomerates to form or reform. A downwardly directed source of secondary gas flow located near the main gas distributor leads to full fluidization of the entire amount of powder in the column.

Abstract: A ball milling process for preparing hard alloy mixture, characterized by utilizing a process of stirring ball milling, in which balls of hard alloy with diameters of 4 to 6 mm are used, the positive and negative deviation of the diameters of the alloy balls is less than or equal to 0.1 mm; tungsten carbide powders with particle sizes of 0.3 to 0.8 ?m and cobalt powders are used; ethyl alcohol is used as a grinding medium, while paraffin wax is used as a forming agent. This process of ball milling has advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, ease of mass production, etc. and can be widely used in the preparation of hard alloy mixture.

Abstract: A method and system are provided herein for forming microparticles from plastic and elastomeric materials that cannot be reduced in size by conventional methods. The system includes a high-pressure liquid nitrogen energy source, a feeder for providing a preferred constant and uninterrupted feed to a mill, a preferred integral injection device to meter the feed into a chamber for milling and/or classification, and a preferred exhaust system for collection of the milled product.

Abstract: A method and jet mill apparatus for generating fine particles by means of a jet mill with an integrated dynamic air classifier including a classifying wheel classifying wheel shaft and classifier housing, wherein between the classifying wheel and classifier housing a classifier gap is formed and between the classifying wheel shaft and the classifier housing a shaft passage is formed, wherein gap flushing of classifier gap or shaft passage takes place with compressed gases of low energy content, and wherein comminution jet inlets are present which are charged with energy-rich superheated steam. Through the invention a dynamic air classifier explained above and a corresponding operating method therefor are additionally created.

Abstract: A method of milling a powder comprising introducing a gas stream containing a cryogenic liquid and a drug carrier gas into a jet mill, and milling a powder with the jet mill in one or more milling passes. A product produced by the method. A milling apparatus comprising a cryogenic gas input system, a powder feeder, a main jet-mill, and at least one output port for collecting the powder.

Abstract: A method of making frac sand having a selected grade from a naturally occurring, mined sand having a SiO2 content of at least about 80 percent and having a particle size range where the maximum particle size is less than about 8.

Abstract: A jet mill in which crushed material introduced into a crushing chamber is comminuted by gas being sprayed from a plurality of gas-jet nozzles, wherein high-efficiency pulverization is performed by optimizing various pulverization conditions according to the type of crushed material or other such properties. The direction in which gas is sprayed into the crushing chamber is variable adjustable; the spraying direction of each nozzle is displaced simultaneously by the electromotive actuator; swirl flow is produced in three dimensions, including the flow of a directional component that is perpendicular to the horizontal swirl flow; and a fine-powder discharge port of a first pulverization chamber and a fine powder introduction port of a second pulverization chamber are communicatingly connected by a ventilation duct.

Abstract: A sterilizable particle-size reduction apparatus, component parts thereof and a method of sterilizing and validating sterility thereof are provided. Also provided is use thereof to prepare sterile suspensions of drugs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing very fine particles by means of a jet mill using compressed gases as the grinding gas, characterized in that the grinding gas is under pressure of ?4.5 bar(abs).

Abstract: The present invention provides an impact crushing apparatus that includes a housing, a chamber defined within the housing, a rotor assembly for receiving material and throwing the material radially outward, and a drive unit for rotating the rotor assembly. The rotor assembly comprises a plurality of shoes pivotable about a pin, the plurality of shoes having an impact surface configured to transport material received through the internal opening to the outer periphery of the chamber.

Abstract: A pulverizer simplified in structure for easy maintenance and suppressed in cost. The pulverizer has a hopper (2) provided on one side thereof, a product discharge hole (4) provided on the other side thereof, and a raw material crushing chamber (3) for crushing raw material that is fed from the hopper (2) and discharging the crushed material from the product discharge hole (4) . The pulverizer further has at least one thin plate-like rotor (8) disposed on the upstream side inside the raw material crushing chamber (3), a hollow circular cylindrical space (S1) in which the rotor is placed, a classifying space (C) disposed on the downstream side of the hollow circular cylindrical space (S1) and formed in a hollow circular cylindrical shape having an inner diameter smaller than the hollow cylindrical space (S1), and a product discharge hole (4) which is coaxially disposed on the downstream side of the classifying space (C) having an inner diameter smaller than the classifying space (C).

Abstract: A precipitated silica having a d50-value of from 150 to 2000 nm, a d90-value of from 500 to 7000 nm, a silanol group density of from 2.5 to 8 OH/nm2, and a modified tapped density of less than or equal to 70 g/l is useful for thickening and providing thixotropy in liquid systems and shows superior efficiency at thickening and creating thixotropy compared to existing grades of precipitated silica. The precipitated silica functions best as a thixotrope in non-polar or intermediate polar liquid systems such as unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to voriconazole, processes of preparing voriconazole, and pharmaceutical compositions and therapeutic uses thereof. In particular, the present invention also relates to voriconazole prepared from voriconazole having a substantially undefined shape and/or crystal habit. The invention further relates to voriconazole having a modified sphericity factor and/or specific surface area and/or Sauter diameter compared to voriconazole known from the prior art.

Abstract: The first invention aims to provide a method for preparing stiffer bulky pulp at a freeness level comparable to that obtained by mechanical treatments to improve the bulkiness of product paper by searching for a method capable of adjusting freeness while suppressing damage to pulp fibers and internal fibrillation in a process for producing pulp. The second invention aims to strip contaminants deposited on pulp fibers and/or inorganic particles to reduce adhesion of the contaminants and decrease microorganisms in a treatment of process water containing long pulp fiber fractions used in a process for producing pulp and paper, thereby clarifying process water and thus preparing high-quality pulp and paper.

Abstract: This invention relates to a supersonic center-feed nozzle system within the feed-inlet tube of a fluid-energy mill used for grinding particulate material such as titanium dioxide. Particularly, in the feed-inlet tube of the present invention, particulate material is introduced into the supersonic feed jet of primary grinding fluid in almost a perpendicular fashion, with the supersonic nozzle installed in the center of the particulate material core, imparting momentum to the particulate material. The momentum entrains the particulate into the main grinding chamber of the feed-inlet tube. In the main grinding chamber of the feed-inlet tube, a secondary stream of grinding fluid, introduced annularly, constricts the primary jet's divergent flow, enabling a higher turbulent mixing of the grinding fluids and the particulate material.

Abstract: Method for producing hydrometallurgical zinc oxide powder having characteristics equivalent to that derived from a French process, comprising formation of an aqueous pulp from a starting zinc oxide having particles of nodular structure, wet milling of this aqueous pulp, separation in this milled pulp between a liquid phase and a solid phase containing the zinc oxide, and drying of said solid phase, coupled with a mechanical deagglomeration of the particles during drying, to obtain a dry zinc oxide powder with particles of nodular structure having a particle size distribution where the particles have an average size (d50) between 0.02 and 20 ?m.

Abstract: A method for industrial production of especially fine powders and mineral powders, where the material to be ground is mixed to a gas-solid matter suspension, which through acceleration nozzles (12) is led at least to two counter jets, which meet in grinding chamber (13) for further grinding of the powders. The ground gas-solid matter suspension is led in its turn by means of working gas at least to two intermediate containers (2a);(2b) in the grinding circulation, in which containers the gas is removed from the mixture and into intermediate container (2) a certain quantity of solid matter is collected, which quantity is returned to be ground and led to the other container (2) and the said quantity is circulated through the grinding process among intermediate containers (2a);(2b) until in some container the quality is established sufficient for removal off the process.

Abstract: A method for producing powder including supplying a powder material to a fluidized bed container, jetting fluid from each of a plurality of fluid jetting nozzles provided in the fluidized bed container to collide against each other, thereby fluidizing and pulverizing the powder material in the fluidized bed container to form powder, classifying the powder using a centrifugal classification rotor provided at the upper part of the fluidized bed container and discharging the classified powder from an outlet by being guided by the centrifugal classification rotor, wherein the centrifugal classification rotor is rotated at a first rotating speed for a predetermined time from the beginning of the flow of the powder material in the fluidized bed container, and at a second rotating speed after the predetermined time has passed, and the centrifugal classification rotor is controlled so that the first rotating speed is higher than the second rotating speed.

Abstract: An automatic clothes dryer comprises a cabinet defining an interior space in which is rotatably mounted a drum that defines a drying chamber, a heater assembly having a heating element for heating air, and a motor for rotating the drum. A blower is mounted within the interior space and is fluidly coupled to the drying chamber for moving heated air through the drying chamber. A first temperature sensor is mounted upstream of the heating element. A second temperature sensor is mounted downstream of the blower. Outputs from the temperature sensors are utilized with one or more methods to determine the air flow characteristics through the dryer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fluidization of particle and/or powder systems with reduced generation of static electricity are disclosed. The systems/methods are particularly advantageous for fluidization of nanoparticle and/or nanopowder systems, where the generation and/or presence of static electricity is a significant fluidization issue. The systems and methods generally involve the addition of an alcohol or other solvent to a fluidization gas to be introduced to the fluidization chamber, e.g., by bubbling the fluidization gas through a volume of solvent/alcohol, to advantageously reduce the build up of electrostatic charge. Systems and methods for capturing in-situ images within a fluidized bed are also provided that involve reducing the electrostatic charges generated within the fluidized bed and introducing a particle vision and measurement (PVM) probe to the fluidized bed for image capture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a powder of polyamide PA (homopolyamide or copolyamide) derived at least partially from renewable materials, in which the particles have a nonspherical shape and a volume median diameter of less than or equal to 20 ?m. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing such a powder.

Abstract: A sterilisable particle-size reduction apparatus, component parts thereof and a method of sterilising and validating sterility thereof are provided. Also provided is use thereof to prepare sterile suspensions of drugs.

Abstract: A process for preparing a toner including the step of pulverizing a resin composition with a jet type pulverizer comprising a venturi nozzle and an impact member arranged so as to face the venturi nozzle, wherein r2/r1 is 0.3 or less, wherein r1 is a radius of the largest circle R1 among the circles formed with 3 points including any given 2 points located on the outer circumference of the impact side of the above impact member, and one point located on a line connecting the 2 points in the shortest distance on the impact side; and r2 is a radius of the largest circle R2 among the circles formed with 3 points including 2 points located on an outer circumference of the impact side, intersecting with a line perpendicularly at a given point with the line connecting the 3 points forming the circle R1, and one point located on a line connecting the 2 points in the shortest distance on the impact side; and a pulverization member and a jet type pulverizer, each being used in the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating fine particles via a jet mill with an integrated dynamic air classifier, wherein the rotational speed of a classifying rotor of the air classifier and the inner amplification ratio V (=Di/DF) are so selected, set or controlled that the circumferential velocity of the operating medium at an immersion pipe or outlet connection assigned to the classifying wheel reaches up to 0.8 times of the velocity of sound of the operating medium. A dynamic air classifier with a classifying wheel is additionally created, wherein a source for an operating medium is a fluid, more preferably a gas or a vapour, which has a higher and more preferably a substantially higher velocity of sound than air.

Abstract: A sterilisable particle-size reduction apparatus, component parts thereof and a method of sterilising and validating sterility thereof are provided. Also provided is use thereof to prepare sterile suspensions of drugs.

Abstract: An improved cuttings system located adjacent a drilling rig's shale shaker system utilizing a vacuum collection/gravity fed processing system, thereby eliminating expensive and complicated cuttings transfer systems. The use of a vacuum cuttings collection system combined within a common fluid-filled open tank and submersible grinding pumps eliminate the need for extensive circulating and holding systems. Cuttings are sized and chemically prepared within the same tank and fed directly to an injection pump for discharge to cuttings transport tanks or injected down hole. Other improvements include non-restrictive cuttings sizing, filtering, and an injection pump cuttings relief system.

Abstract: A process for milling amorphous solids using a milling apparatus can result in particles having a median particle diameter d50 of <1.5 ?m. The process includes: operating a mill in a milling phase with an operating medium selected from the group consisting of gas, vapor, steam, a gas containing steam and mixtures thereof, and heating a milling chamber in a heat-up phase before the actual operation with the operating medium in such a way that a temperature in the milling chamber, the mill exit or both, is higher than a dew point of the operating medium.

Abstract: In a vertical loop jet mill, a grinding chamber in the lower part of the loop is trapezoidal in shape with side walls converging toward the outside of the loop. Removable nozzle plates are provided in the lower parts of the side walls of the grinding chamber, and the nozzles are directed so that gas streams from nozzles on one side intersect gas streams from nozzles on the other side. A removable insert, with trapezoidal end panels forms the upper wall of the grinding chamber.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing and/or conditioning powdered material. The aim of the invention is to provide a method and an associated device which are used for producing and/or conditioning powdered material in a spouted bed comprising inert particles and in which a dry, fine powder having a very small particle diameter is produced at a low cost and at adequately large quantities in a continuous operation. This aim is achieved by a method in which the material is treated in several stages in a spouted bed comprising inert particles. In the method, the powdered material that is preprocessed in a first spouted bed and is separated from the larger material particles in an integrated dust collector is fed to a superimposed second spouted bed as a material-gas flow along with the gas flow discharged from the first spouted bed in order to be further reduced in size and be conditioned.

Abstract: A recycling method of slurry for use in wafer polishing for reusing slurry used in a polishing process of semiconductor wafer, comprises the steps of: adding a dispersant to a recovered used-slurry to inhibit aggregation of the slurry; breaking up aggregates in such a manner that the whole of the used slurry, subjected to the dispersant addition step, is passed through a shearing force imparting device to impart shearing force to the aggregates contained in the slurry by the shearing force imparting device, thereby breaking up the aggregates; and removing foreign substances in the slurry subjected to the aggregate breakup step, by means of a foreign substances removing device. According to the method, a large amount of used-slurry can be processed in a short time.

Abstract: Micronized polyols having a particle size distribution (d50) of from 20 to 60 ?m, and a flowability below or equal to 5 s/100 g, preferably below 5 s/100 g, are disclosed. The micronized polyols, although they have a smaller particle size distribution compared to the corresponding milled polyols, have improved flowability. Most preferably, the polyol is one or more of maltitol, isomalt, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol and erythritol. Preferred polyols also demonstrate a compressibility index (%) of not less than 40. The process for micronizing a polyol comprises the steps of a) taking a polyol having the chemical formula CnH2n+2On and which is solid at 20 to 25° C., b) feeding the polyol into a jet mill and applying pressure using nitrogen and c) collecting the micronized polyol. The micronized polyols are useful in food, feed, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, especially chewing gum compositions.