Abstract: A motor driven grinding apparatus, and a system incorporating the inventive grinder, for reducing the size of waste material. The apparatus includes a housing having an interior, an exterior, an inlet for introducing material into the interior, and an exit for expelling material from the interior. The housing also includes a front wall, a back wall, a pair of spaced apart side walls, and a bottom grate. The apparatus also includes a substantially cylindrical, balanced, drum having a shaft, and a plurality of cutting blocks rotatably mounted thereto. The drum is rotated by a drive motor engageable with the shaft. An airfoil is attached to the front wall for establishing a static air curtain within the interior of the housing enabling air to be drawn into the housing through the inlet and expelled from the exit when the drum rotates. The drum and cutting block configuration are particularly useful for grinding, and sheafing, cellulose, plastics, glass, and other solid waste materials.

Abstract: A heavy-duty grinder is disclosed having increased durability and longevity due to a construction that produces low mechanical vibrations and noises during operation. The grinder includes a pair of end plates, preferably solid steel, and a pair of cutting blade rotors carried between the end plates, which are also preferably machined from solid steel. A direct in-line hydraulic drive of the rotors is provided by hydraulic motors and compression fittings which lock the hydraulic motors to the rotors without the need of keys or splines. In this manner, a drive and construction is provided which accommodates load reverses, shocks, and shears encountered during the grinding process without detrimental effect to the mechanical integrity of the grinder. Machined blade pockets having recessed heels are formed on the periphery of the rotors. Knife blades are mounted in the recessed heels for reinforcement and support against cutting. An anvil is disposed in a cutting nip of the rotors having hardened cutting edges.

Abstract: A device for dispersing and metering fibers which includes a frame, a hopper mounted on the frame and having an inlet opening for receiving fibers therein. A screen is provided through which the fibers from the inlet opening must pass for separating any existing fiber clumps into a size not exceeding a size predetermined by the screen. A primary fluffing device is provided for creating a uniform dispersion of fibers within the hopper. An outlet opening is provided for allowing the fibers to exit the hopper. A controllable metering device is provided in the outlet opening for transporting a metered quantity of fibers out of the hopper through the outlet opening. A housing structure is connected to an outlet end of the metering device, the housing structure including an air inlet opening into the housing and a secondary fluffing device inside of the housing for further reducing in size any fiber clumps to separated discreet fibers.

Abstract: Residues from fibermat materials are broken down and separated into wood fibers and other fibers so that the fibers may be recycled. If the fibermat residues are not recycled, they present a disposal problem due to the uncured resins that become toxic waste. The fibermat residues are cut and separated by rotating cutting heads within a cutting and separating chamber. The wood fibers, being the heavier fibers, settle out, pass through a screen into a collection chamber and the lighter textile fibers are sucked out of the cutting and separating chamber with a vacuum system.

Abstract: A comminuting apparatus is provided for use in an impact pulverizer. The comminuting apparatus includes a cover defining a grinding chamber and a support frame connected to the cover and defining a discharge space. A series of spaced-apart bars is circumferentially angled about a generally cylindrical path positioned between the grinding chamber and the discharge space. Each pair of bars in the series of bars defines a material discharge gap and the series of bars defines a series of spaced-apart material discharge gaps between the bars. Each gap defines a flow path having an inner side in fluid communication with the grinding chamber and an outer side in fluid communication with the discharge space. Each flow path extends in a direction generally parallel to a tangent to the cylindrical path defined at the inner side of each respective flow path.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reaching a 99% separation of bast and core fibers from herbaceous fiber producing plants using a series of pre-separation cleaning and conditioning steps which place the bast and core fibers in a better condition for separation before they are actually separated. The harvested fiber plants are cut at a specified length. These fibers are then introduced into a conditioning apparatus which breaks up and dries, but does not yet separate the bast and core fibers. The conditioned fibers are then introduced into an auger and feeder which distributes the dried fiber over up to four identical separation lines. Each line includes at least one core separator made up of a large rotating spiked cylinder partially surrounded by a spiked, grated housing, a smaller rotating spiked cylinder which produces an air flow, and an upwardly moving inclined conveyor having openings therein.

Abstract: A hammer for mounting to and rotary movement by a rotor of a material reducing machine. The hammer is mounted at a first end portion thereof for free pivotal movement about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. A material engaging tooth extends radially outwardly from the second end portion thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the tooth is a rotary conical bit.

Abstract: A regrind deflector for an apertured screen in a hammermill has a plate extending along substantially the entire length of the screen and having a straight surface smoothly blending to a curved surface, the straight surface beginning at an inner surface of the screen and substantially tangent thereto and extending outwardly to the curved surface which curves back inwardly to the inner surface of the screen and intersects therewith at an angle of less than 90 degrees. The number of deflectors required depends on hammermill size and operating conditions as well as characteristics of the feed material to be processed.

Abstract: An apparatus for shearing glass refuse such as bottles, containers, windshields, and the like into a glass aggregate. The apparatus comprises a rectangular housing having an inlet chute for loading glass, a Popper for initial breaking of the glass, a Breaker for shearing the glass into smaller pieces, and a Shearer for shearing the glass pieces into a glass aggregate. The glass aggregate is comprised of particles that are small, porous, and consistent enough in size such that it can be used as a filler in many products and also as a substitute for sand.

Abstract: Material shredding apparatus for reducing scrap vehicle tires to produce two sub-products of rubber and of rubber free steel wire in which the apparatus has a shaft driven set of blocks in which each block has cutting teeth in circumferentially spaced relation, the respective blocks are keyed to the shaft so the cutting teeth on the blocks are circumferentially distributed along the shaft at 15.degree. spacing to assure that the cutting teeth perform a cutting function one at a time to avoid excessive power consumption and the material being shredded is distributed along the set of blocks on the shaft to reduce local areas of wear.

Abstract: A screen apparatus for paper making capable of substantially fully recovering fibers from a paper feedstock which has been subject to a pulper and discharging a residue while dehydrating it. A paper feedstock is subject to two-stage maceration and two-stage screening through first and second screen chambers each provided therein with a screen and macerating blade combination. The screens are each cleaned by the macerating blades, so that fiber pieces contained in the paper feedstock are substantially fully recovered with high efficiency and a residue is discharged while being substantially free of fiber pieces and substantially dehydrated.

Abstract: A waste paper processing system includes an upper shredding portion and a lower compressing portion. The shredding portion includes to horizontally parallel shafts mounting thereon a plurality of circular blades. The shafts are rotated to spin outwardly of a space between the shafts from a paper feeding direction. Presser arms are provided for retaining paper from above during shredding and stopper arms and a filter portion are provided below the blades to assure the paper is shredded sufficiently. After shredding the paper falls into a hopper and is introduced via a rotor to the compression portion. In the compression portion a screw is rotated for urging the shredded paper into a compression tube the tube as a narrower portion at the lower end for assuring sufficient compression of the shredded paper. In addition, water is added to the shredded paper in the upper side of the compression tube for binding the shredded paper together as pulp.

Abstract: This invention relates to a comminuting device which processes small pieces of bulk materials, such as pieces of rubber tires, into crumb-sized particles. It is designed to operate at slow speeds, 50-350 rpm by having the work material move along the exterior peripheral surface of a rotating drum cutting efficiencies are improved. This unique invention provides cutting teeth on the stator and drum each having limited rotational movement which permits greater efficiency for cutting multi-grade materials such as rubber tires having steel and material cord. Cutting blades can be rotated three times to expose unused cutting edges before replacement is required.

Abstract: An agricultural hopper has conditioning structure therein including a mechanical agitator movably mounted within the hopper, and adapted for permitting flow-through of material which is of sufficiently small size to completely bypass the mechanical agitator and thereby greatly facilitate the rate of material flow-through.

Abstract: A method for reducing at production levels sticky, abrasive waste shingles and portions thereof into a reduced shingle material for use of a patch for potholes and cracks and as paving for roads and the like comprises shredding of the shingles to pieces, milling the pieces to particles and granules and impinging the particles and granules with intermittent blasts of compressed air to prevent clogging and sticking and to assist in discharging of the reduced shingle materials. The method may also include the step of spraying water upon the shingles and inside of the apparatus. The apparatus includes an improved hammermill with a compress air manifold with apertures therein for intermittently discharging compressed air which impinges upon the inner chamber of the hammermill and upon the pulverized waste materials. A pressurized water manifold with apertures may also spray the mill chamber of the hammermill with water to prevent clogging or sticking of the hammermill.

Abstract: A downdraft shredder comprising a lower housing, a semicircular lower grate, a chute for supplying material to a rotor cavity and a hood for covering the remainder of the rotor cavity. A rotor with hammers is rotatably mounted in the rotor cavity and draws material from the chute against the lower grate for shredding the material. A plate extending in the hood from the rotor cavity to a back corner of the hood, allows air entrained by the rotor to stabilize thereby preventing an updraft of air through the chute. This produces a true downdraft shredder which represents a modification over known shredders.

Abstract: Waste disposal mechanisms, particularly a glass grinding machine for disposal of glass bottles or the like. The glass bottles are advanced through an inclined feeding chute onto a rotor having transverse blades which shatter the glass into fragments, and urge the glass fragments through a lower, arcuate grinding grate. Glass particles retrieved beneath the arcuate grinding grate may be used as building material or transported in their comminuted form to landfills at greatly reduced savings in bulk and handling.

Abstract: A process for impact crushing of rock and ore lumps, in which a rock lump is subjected to a primary impact force P.sub.1, and then the plurality of resultant smaller pieces are subjected to a secondary impact force P.sub.2. The application of the impact forces P.sub.1 and P.sub.2 is synchronized in time. The velocity vector V.sub.1 of the lump subjected to the primary impact force P.sub.1 and the vector of the secondary impact force P.sub.2 lie on a line running through the center of the lump mass. The invention also covers an apparatus for performing the above process, which comprises a housing accommodating a primary crushing rotor and a secondary crushing rotor, and also means for synchronizing the rotation of the secondary crushing rotor and the primary crushing rotor, coupled kinematically to said rotors. The secondary crushing rotor has two hammers, and its mass increases along the longitudinal axis of symmetry in a direction away from the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A metallic coolant for a metallurgical bath, the composition of the coolant substantially corresponding to that of the bath consists of ball-shaped bodies of sizes not less than 5 mm and not more than 60 mm, preferably 12 to 60 mm, the ball-shape factor B of the coolant having a value of at least 0.57. The ball shape factor (herein defined) relates the shape to that of spherical balls. The coolant can be made, using a hammer mill, from scrap.

Abstract: A mulch product and method of making same wherein the resultant mulch product includes a shredded fine portion, a bulky portion, and a stringy binding portion. When water soaks through the distributed mulch product, a relatively impervious mat is formed which is resistant to ordinary environmental effects. The mulch is preferable manufactured from an insect and rot resistant wood. The mulch product is manufactured using a swinging hammer type of wood hog using a surrounding screen having a plurality of holes of not less than approximately 2 inches across.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for shredding, crushing and grinding solid waste materials to the desired particle sizes and shape for waste disposal or other uses is provided in which two unitary i.e. one-piece shredding members having a composite cutting teeth and tooth spacing arrangement in intermeshing shredding relationship mounted on substantially parallel shafts and are positioned in a transverse arrangement to the direction of waste material flow as it is introduced into the crushing apparatus. A shredding element of each shredding member interacts with an element of the other member whereby the shredding elements cooperatively interact on an inlet side of the apparatus. On an outlet or discharge side of the interacting members is positioned relative to a sizing means or screen useful for the passage of solid waste material particles of predetermined size and configuration, while simultaneously rejecting the passage of other improperly sized and shaped particles, for reprocessing through the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing various material to smaller sizes emphasizing large volume with long pieces. The apparatus has a frame case, with an infeed and outfeed, within which at least one rotor with at least one radially tilted forward cutter bar cuts the material against one anvil. A grate is used to size the material to final product dimensions. The frame case is angularly split. Where more than one rotor is used, they are radially offset.

Abstract: An improved crushing machine comprises the following components: two bottom bases parallel to each other; two side bases fastened respectively on the two bottom bases; a spindle arranged at the center of the two side bases; a predetermined number of knife cores fastened to the spindle; a predetermined number of inner knives mounted on the knife cores so as to rotate in conjunction with the spindle to form a circular cutting track; two locking rings mounted respectively in the inner wall surfaces in such a manner that they are coaxial with the spindle; a predetermined number of knife mounts fastened to the two side bases and locked by the locking rings, with two adjacent knife mounts forming therebetween a knife inserting hole; and outer knife sets corresponding in number to the knife inserting holes.

Abstract: A hammer mill for crushing ore and the like materials comprises a cylindrical case provided with armor plates on its inside, and a rotor journalled in the case and carrying a plurality of hammers, as well as anchor means for holding each hammer to the rotor at a position facing the armor plates, which includes a mortise, formed at the rotor periphery and having opposed walls convergent outwardly and substantially dovetail-like, and a tenon formed on the hammer integrally therewith and having a cross-sectional shape which matches that of the mortise, said tenon engaging with the mortise walls and being urged, by the centrifugal force developed within the hammer by the rotating rotor, to wedge itself stably in between said mortise walls. In this way, the hammers can be anchored on the rotor in a stable fashion but, when required, be readily removed from the rotor.

Abstract: In a hammer mill (1) for shredding scrap metal, comprising a hammer rotor (5) carrying swing-mounted hammers (12) and arranged to rotate in a housing (2) having an inlet opening (14) for material located on the upwardly-rotating side of the rotor, a screening grid (33) and an impact chute (26) open to the hammer rotor, the risk of breakdown of the hammer mill is reduced without impairing its shredding performance by forming the wall of the impact chute (26) on the side opposite to the inlet opening (14), together with a screening grid (33) extending to the bottom (32) of the housing, as a resiliently yielding outlet wall (28) that can automatically swing outwards.

Abstract: A discharge assembly controls the discharge of shredded and macerated materials from a chipper/shredder device. A discharge screen of the discharge assembly has a pair of fasteners on opposing ends of the discharge screen for removably mounting the screen on the chipper/shredder housing. An operator engageable handle is affixed to one end of the screen for handling the screen during installation and removal and a locator tab is affixed to the end of the screen opposing the handle and is received in aperture formed in the chipper/shredder housing for alignment of the discharge screen with the housing. A discharge tunnel is formed on a side of the housing and in communication with the discharge screen, and a service door is formed on a top side of a discharge tunnel allowing access to the tunnel for installation and removal of the discharge screen.

Abstract: Shredding apparatus for reducing material by use of cutter discs mounted on each of a pair of spaced shafts which place the cutter discs in an interleaved operating position over a perforated grate which has active surfaces swept by the cutter discs, and a controllable drive for oscillating the grate so the normally inactive surfaces of the grate are also swept by the cutter discs.

Abstract: The mill comprises a housing 1, in which a cylindrical sieve drum is arranged which can be loaded with grain from the top through a charging opening. A driven rotor is arranged inside the sieve drum, beaters being articulated at the rotor. The beaters are arranged in pairs, as seen in the rotating direction of the rotor, wherein the material is first lifted from the drum wall by means of a guiding beater which runs in front and is directed to a rebound beater running behind, which beats the material and throws it back to the sieve drum wall. The ground material passing out of the sieve drum is carried away via a discharge opening at the underside of the housing.

Abstract: An impact rotor arranged concentrically to the axis of a drum has preferably four beating blades which are wave-shaped on the outer peripheral side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dispersing process in which a mill base consisting of solids and of a liquid phase is conveyed through a stirred ball mill containing a grinding medium, energy is supplied in this stirred ball by rotating rotors, and the solids are dispersed, and wet with the liquid phase, wherein the rotors rotate at such a high speed that the grinding medium moved by them forms, as the result of the centrifugal force, a rotating grinding medium charge which is in contact with the inner wall of the stirred ball mill, a space which is essentially free of a grinding medium being formed in the center of this grinding medium charge, the mill base is fed radially into the stirred ball mill, flows radially through the grinding medium charge in such a way that a centrifugal fluidiesd bed is formed with respect to the grinding medium, and is removed from the space which is free of grinding medium through an apparatus for separating off grinding medium.

Abstract: Multiple size-reducing actions of heavy solid waste are carried out during each unidirectional rotation of a ballast-weighted drum rotor means having impact-cutter bar means projecting in fixed position about its drum surface. Feedstock contacts the rotating rotor means and is propelled against an anvil surface. Frangible materials are split and/or otherwise fragmented during such initial stage. Continued rotation cuts or crushes larger feedstock product with maximum dimensional aspects determined in part by the radial projection of the impact-cutter bar means as the latter move into a zone defined by a grate partially circumscribing the rotor means. Intermediate product in the space between the rotor drum and the grate passes through apertures in the grate or is driven into and sheared at such apertures which determines maximum cross-sectional dimensions of size-reduced product. The configuration of such grate apertures facilitates shearing of intermediate product.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing solid waste includes a chamber for receiving the waste, which may be any contaminated or non-contaminated waste including paper, plastics, cloth, metal and hospital sharps, and a ram for forcing the waste, to which germicide may be added, into contact with a plurality of cutting heads. The cutting heads which shred, shear and cut the waste are each mounted on an elongated rotating shaft. Each cutting head includes a plurality of parallel cutting blades separated by spacers. Adjacent cutting heads mesh together so that cutting blades of one cutting head interdigitate with spacers of an adjacent cutting head. A pair of curved doors close the chamber closely adjacent the cutting heads while the waste is being cut, and are opened for releasing the cut waste. The doors include elongated parallel grooves alternately for receiving the cutting edges of the cutting blades and for receiving the spacers.

Abstract: A cutter blade projects tangentially from the peripheral surface of a solid cylindrical rotor for travel along an arcuate path in converging relation to a support surface of an anvil aligned with a horizontal travel path along which scrap lumber is continuously fed by an infeed roller into a cutting zone formed between the anvil support surface and the peripheral surface of the rotor. Oversized solids emerging from the cutting zone below the rotor are separated from a wood chip product of desired size and recirculated to the infeed roller.

Abstract: An apparatus for metering and grinding friable material has a metering screw and a beater formed of a plurality of bars which are integral with a downstream end of the metering screw. The bars are positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the metering screw, at apexes of a regular polygon centered on the longitudinal axis of the metering screw. A cylindrical housing surrounds the metering screw, and a cylindrical screen at least partially surrounds the beater.

Abstract: A shredder for bulk waste paper comprising a rotatable hopper, a rotary hammer-mill (2) comprising a plurality of flails (24), a set of fingers (30) interdigitated with the flails in the floor of the hopper, a perforated screen (3) enclosing the lower portion of the hammer-mill, a reciprocating pusher (42) for compacting and discharging the shredded material and a drive mechanism (15, 48) for driving the rotatable hopper, the hammer-mill and the pusher.

Abstract: A reversible hammermill with breaker blocks or plates and one or more adjustable cages equipped with distinct shearing and screening sections, and having a shearing section of greater than normal length having a commencement point above the 3 o'clock position, useful for reducing coal and like materials including sub-bituminous coal to finer particle sizes with minimal horsepower and through-put penalities.

Abstract: A scrap crushing machine comprises crushing device including a crusher rotor and at least one associated anvil, a housing accommodating the crushing device, the housing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, a base arranged substantially under the rotor and extending from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, and an upper cover arranged substantially above the rotor and extending from the outlet opening to the inlet opening so as to define with the rotor a return chamber, separating device arranged in the outlet opening, an outlet connected with the outlet opening, and a flap arranged behind the rotor as considered in direction of rotation of the rotor and having a separating edge.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the conversion of rotating disc type wood chippers into a multi-purpose shredding device. Such wood chippers are typically equipped with a power driven rotating disc fitted with chipping knives mounted to the disc feed side and adjacent passageways thereto leading to the opposite disc side to a secondary processing chamber for the further processing of materials therewithin. By including channeling members about the passageways which alter the aerodynamics and material flow patterns on the disc feed side, buoyant feed materials (e.g. paper, plastic, etc.) can now be effectively processed with such wood chippers. A grating member can be placed at the material discharge to control the particle size of the discharged materials. An enclosed system fitted with a cyclone and agriculture baler permits the shredded materials to be continuously converted to small bales.

Abstract: An apparatus for disposing of medical industrial waste by crushing comprises an opening for use in putting the industrial waste therethrough, a door for use in opening and closing the opening, a waste conveyor unit, a crushing unit for crushing the medical industrial waste conveyed by the conveyor unit, a discharging unit for discharging the waste crushed by the crushing unit, a container for storing the crushed waste discharged from the conveyor unit, and a sterilizing unit. The crushing unit includes fixed blades and rotary blades and the crushed material discharged from the crushing unit is stored in the container as the rotary blades rotates.

Abstract: A readily portable apparatus for the size reduction of vegetable and cellulosic material is disclosed. A first shredding means having a plurality of knives is coaxially disposed with an impellar. After contacting the shredding knives the impeller directs the partially shredded material to a contacting screen or impediment which further reduces the size of the vegetable and cellulosic material. The contacting screen is pivotally movable to promote the flow of material to a discharge chute for collection. The apparatus includes means to convert the apparatus to a leaf blower and provides for attachment of a vacuum collection means. Novel safety features preventing access to moving portions of the apparatus are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A machine for crushing even soft material remains that has two crushing rollers (36, 38) driven by independent drives, which rollers co-operate with stationary crushing racks (30, 62). Screens (38, 66) located behind the two crushing rollers (36, 56) are connected on their under side to a common collecting chamber (46) for material chips.

Abstract: A comminuting machine for comminuting waste, recyclable material, ores, stones, coal and the like, includes a rotor carrying comminuting tools and mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis in a housing. The housing has an inlet and at least one outlet region for discharging comminuted material. First and second layers are mounted for independent movement to the housing over the outlet region. One layer is provided with a grate for the passage of comminuted material. The other layer is provided with a plurality of punches which are insertable into openings through the grate for modifying or closing the openings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for careful grinding and simultaneous drying of moist cellulose ether products wherein a moist cellulose ether is introduced by means of a transport gas into a circular space. The moist cellulose ether is impact-comminuted while being circulated in that space, and the product is simultaneously friction-comminuted in a direction opposite to that of the impact comminution. The peripheral speed of the comminution stages, which operate in opposite directions, is regulated to such a value that the resulting grinding energy dries the product to a predetermined residual moisture content. The ground material is conveyed by the gas stream introduced into the comminution space, and the ground material is then separated from the gas stream. If desired, the ground material is subjected to selective screening.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for granulating excess material in the production of plastic article by means of knives (41) disposed at one end of a feeder screw (20) and cooperating with a number of preferably fixed counter knives (41) and a grid (57), each knife rotating with the screw (20) having a seat (40) which extends between an end plate (26) and a ring (31) most proximal the end of the screw (20) and being fixed therein at the ends, a knife blade (41) adapted to the configuration of the seat (40), and a bar (42) for fixedly clamping the knife blade (41) in the seat (40).

Abstract: A control system is provided for a pulverizing mill so that the operation of the mill can be validated. The control system includes a microprocessor, switches which sense proper screen size and inlet shell orientation, and other electrical components to provide consistent operation of the mill according to preprogrammed parameters.

Abstract: The grinding chamber of the apparatus has first and second grinding sections having perforate wall sections overlying the outlet of the apparatus. The perforate wall of the first grinding section underlies the rotor of the apparatus and has an arcuate shape. The perforate wall of the second grinding section extends generally tangentially upwardly and outwardly from the downstream end of the perforate wall of the first grinding section. The second grinding section is larger than the first, and may include breaker bars which deflect the material being ground toward the perforate wall of such section.

Abstract: A hammermill in which the housing is a dust leakage free integral bonded together assembly of plates including spaced apart front and back or rear plates between which are disposed side plates whereby the hammermill chamber is defined, a hammer carrying rotor removably mounted within the hammermill chamber and secured for ease of removal from its drive shaft that is journaled by a single bearing arrangement mounted in the housing rear or back plate for insuring smooth running even after wear, a screen arrangement removably mounted within the housing hammermill chamber radially outwardly of the rotor, centered with respect thereto and providing a high screen area to horsepower ratio, with the screen being segmented to define two major screen sections that are removably seated against annular and congruently aligned rings that are affixed to the respective housing front and rear walls, with the rotor mounting the hammermill hammers in the usual groups about the axis of same, but by way of a removable pin for ea

Abstract: A method of preparing wastepaper for fiberization comprising: (a) shredding the wastepaper in a screened shredding device, through which the wastepaper is drawn by a fan; (b) passing the resulting shredded-and-screened wastepaper through the fan, wherein wadded-up pieces of wastepaper which passed through said screen are opened up; and (c) screening out opened-up pieces of wastepaper.

Abstract: Apparatus for grinding and straining food products such as fruits or vegetables so as to reduce them to a puree, comprises a working receptacle having a bottom wall and a side wall which are figures of rotation having a vertical axis. A sieve is provided, through which the interior of the receptacle communicates with the exterior. A mashing tool is secured for rotation to a rotatable shaft disposed on that vertical axis and is driven by a motor unit, the mashing tool comprising at least one blade having a frontal attack surface so as to form with the internal surface of the side wall, at least in the region of the end of the frontal surface and substantially over all the height of the sieve, a corner at an acute angle which opens in the direction of rotation.

Abstract: A comminuting machine for comminuting waste, recycleable material, ores, stones, coal and the like, comprises a rotor carrying comminuting tools and mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis in a housing. The housing has an inlet and at least one outlet region for discharging comminuted material. First and second layers are mounted for independent movement to the housing over the outlet region. One layer is provided with a grate for the passage of comminuted material. The other layer is provided with a plurality of punches which are insertable into openings through the grate for modifying or closing the openings.