Abstract: Inefficiencies in reclaiming foundry sand from foundry cores made up of sand and an organic resin binder are reduced in a method of reclaiming such sand that includes the steps of reducing a foundry core made up of sand and an organic resin binder to small clumps or individual particles, placing the small clumps or individual particles in a bed and introducing a heated gaseous oxidant into the bed generally from the bottom thereof in sufficient volume to fluidize the bed and at sufficient temperature to oxidize the resin binder on the small clumps or individual particles. Also disclosed is an apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reclaiming sand from a foundry sand containing, inter alia, a clay binder by cooling the foundry sand to a temperature at or below -40.degree. C. (-40.degree. F.) followed by separation of the sand from the binder while the sand is maintained at a temperature at or below 0.degree. C. (32.degree. F.). Foundry sands with clay binders have a water content to 1% to 15% by weight prior to being cooled.

Abstract: Used foundry sand is divided into two falling streams and the grains of a first falling stream are accelerated and diverted into the second falling stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotary lump crusher/reclaiming drum for reclaiming lump materials such as aggregates, chemically-bonded sand lumps, dross, ferrous and non-ferrous scrap and slag. The rotary drum has an outer cylinder concentric with an inner cylinder both of which rotate simultaneously, the latter containing treatment compartments to reduce the lumps to smaller pieces which are in turn reduced to reclassifiable particulate matter in preparation for resuage.

Abstract: A cast sand aeration apparatus is provided that is equipped with rotating pins with reduced wear. The apparatus consists of rod-like rotating pins, each of which is vertically cut out along a plane h offset toward the direction of rotation by 15-25 degrees relative to the axis of the rotating shaft so as to form a rod-like pin with a flat portion.

Abstract: Method for separating paper fibers and contaminants for mixtures containing water, fibers, contaminants, paper or cardboard pellets, wherein the mixture is subjected firstly to a screening, secondly to a mashing and then thirdly to a further screening with addition of water, subsequent to which the pulp retained by the screen is evacuated.

Abstract: An apparatus for reclaiming used foundry and molding sand comprises a container having a cylinder sidewall and at least one bottom wall or tray is arranged on a sand reclamation device for the mechanical cleaning of grains of sand, particularly organically and inorganically bonded molding sands. A central, hollow drive shaft is arranged in the cylinder and is supported for rotation. The bottom walls are firmly attached to the hollow shaft. A slot is formed between the bottom walls and cylinder. By the rotation of the bottom walls a parting plane is formed between the rotating part and the stationary part of the column of sand, in which plane an intensive rubbing of grain against grain takes place. As a result of the cylindrical force, the sand is brought in the direction towards the wall of the cylinder and through the slot, which additionally leads to an intensive rubbing of grain against grain.

Abstract: An apparatus to remove adhering material from the surfaces of sand to recycle the sand is disclosed. The apparatus includes a container (13) to hold sand (S) to be processed, the container having a bottom opening; pressing means (17-20) to press the sand in the container downwards; a rotor (10) disposed under the bottom opening of the container (13), the rotor (10) having a surface (11) that contacts the sand in the container; means (2) for driving the rotor (10); and a gap (G) disposed near a place between the container and the rotor. The sand contacts and is abraded by the rotary surface (11 ) of the rotor (10), and the processed sand is discharged by the centrifugal force of the rotor (10) from the gap (G) onto a chute (21).

Abstract: A tumbling mill includes an inlet area, an outlet area, and a tumbling area between the inlet and outlet areas. The mill is formed as a tri-cyclical member having an outer cylinder extending along the tumbling and outlet areas, and an inner cylinder concentric with the outer cylinder and extending through the inlet, outlet and tumbling areas. The inner and outer cylinders define a space therebetween. The inner cylinder is perforated to allow sand to fall into the space between the inner and outer cylinders. The inner cylinder includes an inner helical vane to urge sand, media, and castings toward the outlet area, and an outer helical vane to urge sand and media toward the inlet area. A reclassifying screen is provided in the inlet area to classify sand. Sand particles that are sufficiently small passes through the screen and out a chute. Sand particles that are not small enough are recirculated through the tumbling mill to be further broken down.

Abstract: A vibratory drum machine for treating articles includes a cylindrical drum body supported resiliently by springs; and a circular or elliptic vibratory force generating mechanism fixed on the peripheral wall of the cylindrical drum body above the horizontal line passing perpendicularly through the central axis of the cylindrical drum.

Abstract: A process for regenerating used foundry sand having high oolitic level and, more particularly, a process as aforesaid wherein the used foundry sand is subjected to magnetic separation by one or more high power magnets for dividing the used foundry sand into a first highly magnetic stream containing a high degree of oolite particles and a second less magnetic stream having a relatively high degree of sand particles.

Abstract: A foundry sand is regenerated in an upright chamber to which air is admitted at the junction between a peripheral wall and between while an abrading rotor is in a horizontal plane close to the bottom to establish a vertical line with columns of fluidized sand outwardly of the orbit of the rotor.

Abstract: Used foundry sand is regenerated with dust removed by controlled air flow from the moving sand. The density of the dust in the outgoing air is monitored while the sand is regenerated and the monitored results are utilized as control data for the regeneration.

Abstract: A foundry sand is regenerated in an upright chamber to which air is admitted at the junction between a peripheral wall and between while an abrating rotor is in a horizontal plane close to the bottom to establish a vertical line with columns of fluidized sand outwardly of the orbit of the rotor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reclaiming foundry sand wherein the speed of the rotor and/or the drum and, thus, the resulting striking, shearing and friction forces are adapted or matched to the changing surface hardness of the quartz grains to be processed during the process duration. The drum comprises two drum halves separated transversely to the rotational axis, a sand inlet and a suction removal device.

Abstract: Metal parts formed by casting in a foundry and which contain the sand cores used to form internal passages are cleared of the sand cores by subjecting them to temperatures sufficient to pyrolyze and/or combust the bonding agents holding the sand cores together, in a fluidized-bed furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to combusting contaminants on foundry sand in a container (13) rotating about an axis (A) at a particular angle with a particularly placed oxygen-fuel burner (32). As the container (13) rotates about the axis (A), the oxygen-fuel burner (32) fires a flame and excess oxygen at a particular angle to enhance pyrolysis of the contaminants. The amount of excess oxygen is such that the resulting off gas contains at least 2% oxygen by volume, thus preventing or substantially minimizing products of incomplete combustion from leaving the container (13). After having pyrolyzed the contaminants, the firing of a flame and excess oxygen from the oxygen-fuel burner (32) may be replaced with oxidant dispersion an the bottom of the foundry sand. The resulting off gas from the container (13) may be treated in a post combustion furnace (7), a flue gas cooling means (8), a filtering device (9) and/or a pollutant removing means (11).

Abstract: The method permits recovery of spent foundry sand for reuse by eliminating, by combustion, the organic and carbon substances with which the spent sand is impregnated; spent sand, after grinding to a uniform grain size, is placed into a cylindrical container (2) inclined with respect to the vertical and rotated slowly (4-6 revolutions per minute); then, a stream of oxygen is blown into the base of the container through a distributor (5) which uniformly distributes it into the spent sand mass (20), and local combustion is initiated on the surface of the sand mass, at the top of container, by a burner (31); finally the burner is extinguished whilst the delivery of the oxygen stream is maintained and the combustion proceeds and feeds itself by the effect of a progressive descent of the flame front (30) towards the base of the container until complete destruction of the organic and carbon substances contained in the sand has taken place.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the mechanical cleaning of foundry used sand by means of thermomechanical regenerations, in which the sand is blown pneumatically against a deflection hood and the mechanical-pneumatic cleaning is performed batchwise in a separate container. The process can be used both as pre-cleaning and as after-cleaning. In the case of pre-cleaning there is a simultaneous drying, preheating, pre-cleaning and sifting, whereas with after-cleaning there is a simultaneous cooling, after-cleaning and sifting. As a result of the batchwise operation, all the quartz particles are exposed roughly to the same friction treatment and consequently, in conjunction with a simple control of the cleaning process, reduced grain destruction is achieved.

Abstract: A process for thermically recovering old sand obtained in casting plants and for treating dust containing combustible organic components and incombustible inorganic components is disclosed. Dust obtained by mechanical preparation of the old sand is separated from the sand. The sand is used to form a fluid bed in a fluid-bed kiln having a post-combustion space and an outlet for releasing combustion gases. Dust containing combustible organic components and incombustible inorganic components is introduced into the fluid bed, the combustion of the organic components being used to maintain reaction temperature in the fluid bed. The heat of the fluid bed and the post-combustion space deactivates inorganic components of the dust, which are transported by released combustion gases to effectively separate the inorganic components of the dust from the thermically recovered old sand. These deactivated inorganic components of the dust can be separated from the released combustion gases for easy disposal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for regenerating used foundry sand, whose original molding sand contained, as the molding material, inorganic binders such as, for example and especially, bentonite ("inorganic used sand") and/or organic binders such as, for example and especially, phenolic resins and/or furan resins ("organic used sand"), wherein the used sand to be reconditioned is impregnated with water and then transferred in the moist state into a heated fluidized bed.

Abstract: A base material is thermally reclaimed from a mixture of the base material and a combustible substance, wherein the substance is incinerated in a fluidized bed, comprises the step of feeding the mixture after comminuting and dust from comminuting step directly into a lower part of the fluidized bed. The method is particularly suitable for the thermal reclamation of foundry sand or other base materials used in foundry processes.

Abstract: The drum incorporates an inner and outer cylinder, having a helical vane located intermediate thereof, with the media drum being supported upon a base and rotated by a drive motor. The drum contains two parts, an entrance segment and an exit segment. At the exit segment, reclaiming media and sand passes into the space between the inner and outer cylinders and is carried to the entrance segment by the helical vanes. At the entrance segment, the media is picked up by a reclaimer which reintroduces the media into the reclaimer to recycle the media.

Abstract: Finely pulverized facing sand particles are provided for the production of casting molds in metal foundries. A feed device passes a bed of molding sand containing lumps to a refining device. The refining device includes a plurality of refining elements on a carrier. The refining elements are movable along an orbital path to remove lump-free facing sand particles from the bed of sand and deliver these in a free falling stream of finely pulverized facing sand particles. The refining elements are spaced on the carrier and the carrier is moved at a speed to maintain the spaces free of lumps.

Abstract: In a method of regenerating feed material of coated grains with an irregular surface, in particular used foundry sands coated with a casing of binder or the like, the casing is opened up by friction, wherein the sand to be regenerated is brought into rubbing contact with a granular scouring agent, the grain size of which is substantially smaller than that of the sand.

Abstract: The waste sands are passed to a calcining chamber having a floor, connecting sidewalls and a top. The floor of the calcining chambers provided with a plurality of vents. The calcining chambers also connected to a separate firebox which produces fluidizing hot gases for fluidizing waste sands within the calcining chamber and forming a fluidized sand bed. The fluidizing hot gases are introduced into the calcining chamber by means of the floor vents. By precisely controlling the temperature of the waste sands within the fluidized bed, a more consistent product is produced while maintaining the temperature of the waste sands below a critical temperature at which the organic binders present on the sand grains would be fused to the waste sand grains.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from contaminated material such as contaminated soils and contaminated construction debris comprises the following steps: Separating the materials into a first fraction having particles of a size greater than 50 mm and a second fraction comprising remaining particles; breaking up the particles of the first fraction into particles of a size smaller than 50 mm; combining the particles of a size smaller than 50 mm and the second fraction to a combined fraction; drying the combined fraction at a temperature of between 100.degree. to 130.degree. C.; breaking up the combined fraction into particles of a size smaller than 2 mm; and subjecting the particles of a size smaller than 2 mm to a distillation process at a process temperature from between 300.degree. to 600.degree. C. Preferably, the distillation process is a vacuum distillation process with a process temperature of between 350.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the selective reclamation treatment of used foundry sands wherein separation of parts of the binding materials from the basic granular material is effected by mechanical means and, thereafter, the sand grains are accelerated to produce an abrasive action of the individual sand grains with one another. The treated grains are then separated into large and small grains and further treatment is effected on the small grains.

Abstract: A method is shown for removing minute traces of thermally fused foundry bonding clays from foundry sands reclaimed by a thermal sand reclaimer. The sand grains are passed to a dual fluid bed sand cooler-scrubber having sparge tubes for fluidizing air distribution, finned water cooling tubes and baffle plates for directing sand travel across the tube banks. The fluidized bed extends under a series of dry scrubber cells where the sand grains are hurled through blast tubes toward target plates by blast nozzles. Air current created within the interior of the device creates a controlled negative atmosphere which carries off unwanted traces of oxides and clays, as well as unwanted fine sand grains. The sand grains which are suitable for reuse are captured and deflected into a discharge section of the fluid bed where they flow over a weir by gravity and are discharged for re-use.

Abstract: A method of making concrete sand includes grinding a mixture of medium stones 3, material sand 4, and water 5 in the inner milling chamber 2 of a first rotating cylindrical drum 1. The medium stones 3 are maintained to a height equal to 1/4 to 5/8 the inner diameter of the first cylindrical drum 1. The number of rotation of the first cylindrical drum 1 is decreased as the inner diameter of the same increases. The supply of the water 5 is controlled in precise or approximate proportion to the feeding of the material sand 4. The medium stones 3 are prepared by a novel manner from rubble stones 24 using a second cylindrical drum 11.

Abstract: An impact rotor arranged concentrically to the axis of a drum has preferably four beating blades which are wave-shaped on the outer peripheral side.

Abstract: A process for separating bentonite and carbon carrier particles from an air-dust mixture generated from a mechanical used-sand reclamation unit and, more particularly, a process as aforesaid wherein the bentonite and carbon carrier particles are recycled to a foundry sand preparation unit.

Abstract: A method for regenerating foundry old sand which method combines impact and shearing stress of the sand grains which occurs with simultaneous dust removal. The dust removed by suction contains non-burned bentonite and carbon parts which can be re-used in the same way as the regenerated material of core sand. Environmental pollution and quantities for dumping are drastically reduced.

Abstract: A portable machine for sanitizing soil, particularly that contaminated with petroleum products, including a closed main chamber including vertically spaced augers (26,28,30) which agitate the soil while moving it into position to fall in parallel sheets after it strikes a separation bar 52. A burner 44 generates heat which passes through the falling soil driving off the petroleum which is then burned.

Abstract: The clay-bonded used casting sand is treated in a drum rotated about a horizontal axis by continuously feeding a sand additive to the drum in an amount sufficient to maintain the quantity of sand in the drum at about 26-40 percent by volume of the drum to compensate for the amount of shell material drawn off by pneumatic dust removal devices so as to maintain an optimal relationship between the volume of the drum in the quantity of sand in the drum over the entire period of treatment. The amount of sand fed to the drum may be controlled by the amount of current consumed by a motor used for rotating the drum.

Abstract: A media drum incorporates an inner and outer cylinder, having a helical vane located generally intermediate thereof, with the media drum being supported upon a base, and its bearings, and motivated into rotation by a drive motor. The media drum integrally contains two parts, an entrance segment, and an exit segment. At the exit segment a cooling component, in the form of a liquid spray, is either directed into the drum, or into a jacket surrounding the exit segment of the drum, for cooling of the castings, media sand, abrasive members, to achieve a rapid cool down of these various components during usage of the apparatus. A reservoir is provided for collecting any excess liquid coolant, and a steam jacket surrounds the drum for collecting any generated steam for its removal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for reclaiming used foundry sands. In the process according to the invention the used sands are free from carbon-containing materials in a first step by means of a thermal treatment, inasmuch as they contain organic, carbon-containing material, and are subsequently mechanically cleaned batch-wise, for which purpose wear-resistant friction elements are moved through the sand charge as a function of the degree of oolitization of the respective sand batch at such a speed that the said grain of the batch is not destroyed. The device according to the invention consists of a cylindrical housing, in which rotatingly driven friction elements are provided, means for the batch-wise filling of the receptacle with used sand and means for discharge cleaned sand from the receptacle being provided.

Abstract: Arranged in the upper region of a drum which rotates about an axis there is a dust box for dust removal. The box is connected with a line, which leads outwards, by way of a laterally arranged discharge channel. Arranged between the dust box and a baffle rotor which rotates about the axis are baffle areas which form labyrinth-like passages for the dust to the dust suction openings in the dust box.

Abstract: A portable machine for sanitizing soil, particularly that contaminated with petroleum products, including a closed main chamber including vertically spaced augers (26,28,30) which agitate the soil while moving it into position to fall in parallel sheets after it strikes a separation bar 52. A burner 44 generates heat which passes through the falling soil driving off the petroleum which is then burned.

Abstract: A sand reclaiming drum incorporating a single cylinder, or structured having a dual cylinder reclaimer. The sand reclaiming drum comprises four sections: an inlet section into which mold castings are introduced, first and second inner sections, and an outlet section. The inlet and first inner sections include helical rifling which urge the castings forward. The first and second inner sections include plates which greatly agitate the castings to loosen embedded sand therefrom. The outlet section includes a plurality of perforations along its length through which the sand may exit the drum and ejection means to urge the sand free castings from the reclaimer.

Abstract: A ground sand maker which includes a grinding drum (2); a mass of working pebbles (25) placed within the grinding drum; a driving device (7) for rotating the grinding drum; an inlet port (17) provided on a first end (2b) of the grinding drum for supplying rock fragments (28) and water (26) into the grinding drum; and an outlet sieve (20) provided on a circumferential surface (2a) of the grinding drum adjacent a second end (2c) opposite to the first end for discharging ground sand and water.

Abstract: Hazardous substances are separated from used foundry sand by means of a triple fluid bed thermal reactor, second stage sand cooler and third stage pneumatic attrition scrubber. Temperatures in each of the reactor's beds are precisely controlled, depending upon the nature of the sand being treated, so that hazardous substances can be separated and disposed of, rather than fixing the substances onto the sand grains in insoluble form.

Abstract: Foundry sand lumps containing a water soluble binder are broken down to grain size, mechanically scrubbed to remove slime-forming impurities, dust and some of the binder, washed to remove substantially all the remaining binder and provide a sand/water slurry, pressure filtered and dried.

Abstract: A method and structure is provided whereby contaminated soil is decontaminated in situ by the extraction of vapor from the soil and subsequent destruction of the contaminants contained in the interstitial fluid of the soil by processing the fluid through an internal combustion engine or other suitable combustion means. To achieve this purpose, the invention is provided with a means of conducting the fluid from the soil to a manifold system.

Abstract: The invention is a method for cleaning up contaminated soil containing not only different types of hydrocarbons but also heavy metals and cyanades which upon heating of the soil can form dioxin and benzofuran products. According to the invention the production of said products is prevented by keeping the wall temperature of the rotating furnace at a high level such that its temperature during the entire process is higher than the temperature of spontaneous combustion of the pyrolyses products of which at least the hydrocarbons bind the oxygen in the furnace. The oxygen content may be further influenced by the infeed of an inert gas and/or by adding an organic fraction such as humus.

Abstract: In order to rationalize the operation of foundries and to avoid environmental stresses, it is endeavored so to rework used molding sand accruing as black sand and to free it from binder residue, so that this sand can be used without restriction like new sand. To achieve this aim through thermo-mechanical regeneration the black sand is heated in predetermined, relative low height layer in a fluidized bed furnace to a temperature exceeding 500.degree. C., preferably 750.degree. C. Through the swirling motions of the heated black sand, preferably supported through strong vibrations of the supporting base, the thermal destruction of the enveloping binder particles and a mechanical liberation of the sand grains form their enveloping binder remains is achieved. By means of a forced throughout (e.g.

Abstract: In order to create a technically more effective and more economical method of decontamination by which complete decomposition of all injurious substances is obtained in simple fashion, it is proposed, in connection with a method and a plant for the treatment of contaminated soils, that the drying can be combined in a mill passed through by hot gases with a crushing of the material to a particle size of 0 to 10 mm, that after the drying the material, together with the gaseous phase, be treated in the form of a solid/gas dispersion in a heating and decontamination path with burner, with a temperature within the range of 800.degree. C. to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: Apparatus for conditioning a granular material having a centrifugal throwing wheel for projecting the material radially against an impact surface member which completely surrounds and is spaced from the periphery of the wheel and includes an impact plate and ricochet plates. The impact plate is provided with generally radially disposed baffles with sides of adjacent baffles guiding and channeling the stream of material. The baffles are triangular in cross section with a forwardly facing side sloping at a lesser angle than the other side. The general course of granular material is downwardly through the apparatus and to retard this flow and thereby promote separation of granular material from fines, bed baffles which entrap and hold granular material are provided within the apparatus. Apparatus is provided for introducing a stream of air into the apparatus for transverse flow across the retarded downward stream of granulated material to effect separation of fines.

Abstract: A method for reclaiming green sands having a wide range of moisture and temperature conditions involves processing such sands in a single reclaimer unit to produce free flowing reclaimed sand adapted to pass through a 20 mesh screen and having a temperature preferably no greater than about 120.degree. F. The method involves effecting attrition of a batch of molding sand supplied to the reclaimer unit, applying a vacuum exhaust to the unit primarily to remove a calcined clay binder and water vapor therefrom, sensing the means temperature of the sand, and selectively adding moisture or heat to the sand as required to produce reclaimed sand having predetermined moisture and temperature conditions allowing such sand to be immediately screened of extraneous materials and passed to a mulling device or remixer. The rate of addition of moisture, if any, and the flow of exhaust air through the unit are controlled in order to prevent condensation in the exhaust conduit and dust collection devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detoxifying soil particles containing low melting point mineral compounds contaminated with combustible toxic materials wherein the soil particles are located without melting the low melting point mineral compounds to form combusted solids and a mixture of mineral dust and toxic material containing gas, the combusted solids are separated from the dust-gas mixture, the dust gas mixture is thereafter separated into the mineral dust and the toxic material-containing gas, and the toxic material-containing gas is then combusted at high temperature to form less harmful combustion products. The low melting point mineral compounds may be those mineral compounds of oxygen, silicon, calcium, iron and aluminum, and certain metal and metal oxides. The combustible toxic materials may be dioxin and PCB.