Abstract: A LiDAR device comprising: a transmission module including a laser emitting array and a first lens assembly, wherein the laser emitting array is configured to emit a plurality of lasers at a first wavelength and wherein the first lens assembly is configured to steer the plurality of lasers at different angles within a first angle range; a reception module including a laser detecting array and a second lens assembly, wherein the laser detecting array includes at least two detectors for detecting at least a portion of the plurality of lasers and wherein the second lens assembly is configured to distribute the plurality of lasers to the at least two detectors; wherein the second lens assembly comprise: at least four lens layers including a first lens layer, a second lens layer, a third lens layer and a fourth lens layer; at least two gap layers including a first gap layer and a second gap layer; and a filter layer located in the first gap layer.

Abstract: A laser beam apparatus that is used for detecting vehicles in an intelligent traffic system according to an embodiment includes: a light source generating a laser beam of a short pulse; an optical transmission system converting the laser beam into a line beam; and an optical reception system receiving a beam dispersed rearward and reflected and returned when the line beam is radiated to a vehicle, and calculating a distance value from a reception time difference between the laser beam and the reflected beam, in which a first lens and a second lens that receive a laser from the light source are sequentially arranged in the optical transmission system, and the length of a horizontal axis of the line beam is increased or decreased to fit to the width of a road to be measured, by adjusting the distance between the light source and the first lens.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of forming a plasmonic condensing lens for room temperature quantum noise limited (QNL) infrared (IR) spectrometry includes: forming a silicon cone on a substrate; coating the silicon cone with a highly reflective material; and modifying the silicon cone using focused ion beam (FIB) modification to permit transmittance of light through the silicon cone.

Abstract: A measurement system and methods are disclosed. The system has intensity coding optics comprising a plurality of imaging channels with overlapping fields of view. The intensity coding optics are adapted to provide intensity coded information indicative of a position of one or more objects, wherein each of the imaging channels provides a difference in intensity verses an angular position of the one or more objects. The system also has an electromagnetic energy detector adapted to: (a) receive the intensity coded information, wherein the electromagnetic energy detector comprises a size larger than a spatial resolution of the intensity coding optics, and (b) output data from the electromagnetic energy detector; and a processing device adapted to receive the data and determine the position of the one or more objects.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a heterodyne detection system for detecting light, includes: a first input aperture configured to receive first light from a scene input; a second input aperture configured to receive second light from a local oscillator input; a broadband local oscillator configured to provide the second light to the second input aperture; a dispersive element configured to disperse the first light and the second light; and a final condensing lens coupled to a detector. The final condensing lens is configured to concentrate incident light from a primary condensing lens onto the detector. The detector is configured to sense a frequency difference between the first light and the second light; and the final condensing lens comprises a plasmonic condensing lens. Methods for forming a plasmonic condensing lens to enable room temperature quantum noise limited spectrometry are also disclosed.

Abstract: A diode has a multiple p-n junction body, anode and cathode electrodes, a short-circuit electrode, a guard ring, and an insulation film. The multiple p-n junction body has first to fourth semiconductor layers stacked to provide a lamination structure between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. Each of the first and third semiconductor layers is a first conductive semiconductor. Each of the second and fourth semiconductor layers is a second conductive semiconductor. The first and second semiconductor layers form a p-n junction. The second and third semiconductor layers form a p-n junction. The third and fourth semiconductor layers form a p-n junction. The short circuit electrode provides a short circuit between the second semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer. A high concentration region is formed in a contact region in the second semiconductor layer. A surface of the contact region is in contact with the short-circuit electrode.

Abstract: A gating device cell for a cross array of bipolar resistive memory cells comprises an n-p diode and a p-n diode, wherein the n-p diode and the p-n diode have opposite polarities and are connected in parallel, such that the gating device cell exhibits a bidirectional rectification feature. The gating device cell exhibits the bidirectional rectification feature, that is, it can provide a relatively high current density at any voltage polarity in its ON state, and also a relatively great rectification ratio (Rv/2/RV) under a read voltage. Therefore, it is possible to suppress read crosstalk in the cross array of bipolar resistive memory cells to avoid misreading, thereby solving the problem that a conventional rectifier diode is only applicable to a cross array of unipolar resistive memory cells.

Abstract: A light guide including: a body light guide portion including an incident end that light from a light source enters; and a branch light guide portion including a first light guide portion and a second light guide portion that each include an emission end that a light flux exits and are branched from the body light guide portion, the branch light guide portion being configured to cause, such that a first light flux emitted from the first light guide portion directly heads toward an irradiation object and a second light flux emitted from the second light guide portion heads toward the irradiation object via a reflection portion and joins the first light flux, the first light flux and the second light flux to be emitted from the emission ends.

Abstract: A disclosed optical testing apparatus comprises: a plurality of optical fibers, each optical fiber having a collection end in optical communication with an output end; and a support member supporting the collection ends of the optical fibers so as to simultaneously view an examination region from different angles. A disclosed optical testing apparatus comprises a plurality of optical fibers having collection ends arranged to simultaneously view an examination region from a plurality of different angles. A disclosed optical testing apparatus comprises a plurality of optical fibers, each optical fiber having a collection end, the collection ends of the optical fibers arranged in fixed spatial relationship respective to one another to simultaneously view an examination region from different angles.

Abstract: A multi-purpose efficient charge particle detector that by switching bias voltages measures either secondary ions, or secondary electrons (SE) from a sample, or secondary electrons that originate from back scattered electrons (SE3), is described. The basic version of the detector structure and two stripped down versions enable its use for the following detection combinations: The major version is for measuring secondary ions, or secondary electrons from the sample, or secondary electrons due to back-scattered electrons that hit parts other than the sample together or without secondary electrons from the sample. Measuring secondary ions or secondary electrons from the sample (no SE3). Measuring secondary electrons from the sample and/or secondary electrons resulting from back-scattered electrons hitting objects other than the sample (no ions).

Abstract: There disclosed is an image display apparatus having a light source, a scanning member for deflecting a light from the light source to scan a predetermined surface with the light to form a two-dimensional image thereon, a first optical system for guiding a light deflected by the scanning member to the predetermined surface and a second optical system for guiding a light from the two-dimensional image formed onto the predetermined surface to an observer. There exists, in optical paths of the first optical system and the second optical system, a common optical element with a plurality of optical surfaces including refractive surfaces and reflective surfaces formed on a same medium and the first optical system and the second optical system share a part of optical surfaces of that optical element.

Abstract: A readhead for a photometric diagnostic instrument includes a housing adapted for incorporation within the photometric diagnostic instrument, and an elongated sample table operatively engaged with the housing. The sample table is configured to support elongated reagent sample media of the type having a plurality of test areas disposed in spaced relation thereon, each of the test areas being configured to react with a sample and to change color according to an amount of a constituent or property in the sample. A light source is provided to illuminate the sample table. An imager having an elongated field of view is coupled to the housing, the elongated field of view including at least a portion of the sample table. A scanning mechanism is configured to move the field of view relative to the sample table.

Abstract: A beam collecting device and a laser emission device are disclosed incorporating a laminated optical waveguide array and refraction means therein. The laminated optical waveguide array is composed of a plurality of plate-like optical waveguides made of a material having a predetermined refractive index and a plurality of spacer members having a lower refractive index than that of said optical waveguides and arranged alternately with said optical waveguides. The spacer members take the form of cylindrical members, spherical members or plate-like members. The beam collecting device and laser emission device comprise a semiconductor laser array having a plurality of laser emitting parts arranged in fast and slow axis directions, the optical waveguide array, optical fibers and a collective lens. The laser emitting parts are divided into plural groups separated in the slow axis direction.

Abstract: A diffractive collector for an optical scanner includes a wedged-shaped substrate having holographic grating provided on a front surface, a conical-shaped back surface, and at least one detector. Substantially parallel light is made incident upon the front surface of the substrate, and the light is diffracted within the substrate to the back surface. The wedged shaped of the collector and the holographic grating cause the light to reflect back within the substrate at such an angle that the light remains within the substrate as the light propagates to the at least one detector.