Abstract: A tracer deployment tool for discharging a quantity of radioactive or other toxic tracer material into a wellbore for distribution into an earth formation with an injection fluid includes a first piston held in a predetermined position by shear pins and a member supporting a rupturable vial of tracer material. The member connected to the piston is formed as a generally cylindrical cage through which a knife member extends and responds to movement of the cage to rupture the vial. Movement of the piston uncovers passages which permit through-flow of liquid through the vial retaining cage to flush the tracer material thoroughly from the tool. An elongated actuating rod is connectable to a packer setting mechanism or the like for effecting operation of the tool. An alternate embodiment includes two pistons which define the tracer holding chamber.

Abstract: A radioactive assay method for measuring the humectant properties of cosmetic or non-cosmetic formulations or substances of any consistency, e.g. biological or synthetic liquids, solids, solutions, suspensions, isolated stratum coreum and hair, by measuring the uptake of radioactive water vapor.

Abstract: A signal processing method for analyzing an autoradiograph by subjecting digital image data containing an autoradiograph of a resolved pattern to digital signal processing to obtain locational information on radioactively labeled substances in the form of numerals and/or symbols is disclosed. The resolved pattern is formed by resolving radioactively labeled substances, such as, for example, nucleic acids, in a one-dimensional direction on a support medium. The total boundary area of the resolved patterns throughout the digital image data is determined by first dividing the digital image data into two or more blocks along a direction perpendicular to the resolving direction and then preparing a waveform composed of positions along the direction perpendicular to the resolving direction for each block by compiling the digital image date for each block.

Abstract: In a method of producing a carrier for a plurality of radioactive samples to be monitored in a liquid scintillation counter,wells are provided in a rigid plate (1) of a photon attenuating material in that holes disposed in a matrix configuration are covered from one side of the plate (1) by a first photon permeable foil (2),sample carrying cut-outs (3) from a sorption sheet on which samples have been deposited are placed in said wallsa scintillation fluid is added to the wells, andthe wells are sealed by a second permeable foil (4) to keep the cut-outs (3) and the scintillation fluid within the respective wells.

Abstract: A method of monitoring thinning of pipe walls in a piping system including selecting locations to be monitored, normally those pipes particularly susceptible to thinning from erosion/corrosion, boring holes in the outer surfaces of the pipes at the selected locations to depths greater than the thickness at which the pipes will rupture to leave predetermined residual wall thicknesses between the ends of the holes and the inner surfaces of the pipe walls, inserting tracer materials in the holes to be released in the pipes when pipe wall thinning exceeds the residual wall thicknesses of the holes, and determining the presence or absence of tracer materials in the holes to permit pipe wall thinning to be determined prior to pipe rupture allowing repair or replacement during scheduled downtime of the piping system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of contacting a peroxide containing substance with non-volatile, alpha-keto acid radiolabeled with --C.sup.14 in the carboxyl group and determining radioactivity evolved .sup.14 CO.sub.2 and thereby calculating the amount of peroxide in the substance.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of a leak in a conduit or pipeline, especially one of small diameter, in which a carrier body, for example a short length of co-axial cable, carrying a short-lived radioisotope is inserted into the conduit or pipeline and is caused to move along it by pressuring up the conduit or pipeline from one or both ends thereof with fluid, for example water. The carrier body travels to the leak but no further and its location is detected from outside the conduit or pipeline using a radiation detector.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for measuring the flow rate of a fluid in a duct, for example in an under-sea crude oil pipeline, in which samples of a radioactive tracer are injected, at intervals, into the duct and the passage of the samples of tracer detected by a scintillator. The tracer is generated by irradiating a large volume of a liquid obtained from the environment of the duct with a neutron source, so that the sample has been irradiated for a prolonged period prior to injection.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved autoradiography enhancer composition and method of use. The enhancer composition uses an acid anhydride as a dehydration agent.

Abstract: A signal processing method in autoradiography for determining base sequence of DNA or DNA fragment, employing groups of base-specific synthetic products which are complementary to the DNA or DNA fragment and a labeled with a radioactive element, said groups being resolved one-dimensionally in parallel relation to each other to form resolved rows on a support medium,which comprises a process including:(1) determining on each of the resolved rows a scanning line for signal processing;(2) detecting on each of the resolved rows sampling points on said scanning line; and(3) comparing and identifying the positions of said sampling points on the scanning lines among the resolved rows to obtain locational information on guanine, ademine, thymine and cytosine;said process being applied to digital signals corresponding to an autoradiograph having the locational information on the radioactively labeled synthetic products, said digital signals being obtained by the use of a stimulable phosphor sheet or by the use of a ra

Abstract: A partitioning radioactive tracer material is prepared by reacting an alkali-metal salt of radioactive iodine with chloroethanol in the presence of activated carbon.

Abstract: A local cerebral blood flow measuring apparatus includes an expiratory tube arranged along a slice within a photography area of a gantry, and a sensor for detecting end of expiration. The expiratory tube includes a chamber for storing only an end tidal air, in synchronism with the end of expiration detected by the sensor. The end tidal air storage chamber and a subject to be examined are scanned with X-rays from the gantry, in synchronism with the end tidal air. The tracer concentration of the end tidal air storage chamber is measured by means of data derived from the gantry.

Abstract: A method of monitoring thinning of pipe walls in a piping system including selecting locations to be monitored, normally those pipes particularly susceptible to thinning from erosion/corrosion, boring holes in the outer surfaces of the pipes at the selected locations to depths greater than the thickness at which the pipes will rupture to leave predetermined residual wall thicknesses between the ends of the holes and the inner surfaces of the pipe walls, inserting tracer materials in the holes to be released in the pipes when pipe wall thinning exceeds the residual wall thicknesses of the holes, monitoring fluid flow through the piping system to sense the presence of tracer materials in the fluid, and determining the location of the hole from which a sensed tracer material was released to permit pipe wall thinning to be determined prior to pipe rupture allowing repair or replacement during scheduled downtime of the piping system.

Abstract: A method for rapid identification of art objects or other valuables. Oil paintings, sculptures and other valuable objects are coded with radioisotopes at a specific X,Y,Z coordinate system. The exact location of the isotope and a measurement of the emitted radiation are recorded for future use to show the art object, or any other valuable object, has been destroyed, stolen, lost, or duplicated.

Abstract: A representation of oil flow in a gas turbine engine is obtained by injecting a compatible radioactive isotope label into the engine oil flow and detecting the radiation emitted from within the body with detectors mounted outside the body to produce signals representative of the quantity and direction of the radiation; the detector output signals are compensated for attenuation on passing through the engine in accordance with attenuation signals derived from a representation of the spatial distribution of the engine and of its materials, and signals from non-viable directions are discounted. The compensated detector output signals are used to generate a number of focal-plane tomograms from which an image in a desired plane may be re-constructed. The image may be formed on a background of the engine in the relevant plane generated from the representation thereof.

Abstract: In a CT imaging apparatus, tracer gas such as Xenon is drawn via a pipe into a patient in synchronism with X-ray tomographic data acquisition. The tracer gas inhalation is controlled by a data acquisition controller through a valve driver. The tracer gas concentrations in the local cerebral tissue and air expired from the patient are measured in the image analysis device. The first-mentioned tracer gas concentration is measured before its saturation in the patient. The partition coefficients of the local cerebral portions are calculated in the calculation device from the ratio of the first area to the second area. The first area is defined by the first curve representing the tracer gas concentration of the local cerebral tissue, while the second area is defined by the second curve representing the tracer gas concentration of the air expired by the patient.

Abstract: The subject invention provides an autofluorography kit composition comprising (i) a first aqueous solution of a water soluble fluor having a formula selected from R--CO.sub.2 --X; R--SO.sub.3 --X; and R--NH.sub.3 --Y; where X and Y are any counterion capable of imparting water solubility, and R is a fluor molecule; and (ii) a second aqueous solution of a precipitator capable of precipitating the water soluble fluor in an electrophoresis gel matrix.

Abstract: Carrier particles, e.g., of metal or metal oxide, are doped with a positron-emitting isotope and injected into fluid flowing in a body, such as a gas turbine engine. The positrons decay on coming to rest, giving two gamma rays which are detected, and a 3D image is built up. The particles are capable of stopping a portion of the positions before they escape from the particles into the surroundings; thus the gamma rays indicate more accurately the position at which the positron was emitted, and give a clearer image.

Abstract: A signal detecting method in autoradiography, which is applied to an autoradiography having locational information on radioactively labeled substances such as radioactively labeled biopolymers distributed one-dimensionally, being recorded on a stimulable phosphor sheet as a radiation energy-stored image, which comprises steps of:(1) preliminarily scanning a part of the stimulable phosphor sheet with an electromagnetic wave to release a portion of the radiation energy as stimulated emission and detecting the stimulated emission to give an electric signal, to which a signal processing is applied, to determine one-dimensional distribution direction of the radioactively labeled substances; and(2) finally scanning the stimulable phosphor sheet with an electromagnetic wave along said one-dimensional distribution direction to release the radiation energy as stimulated emission and detecting the stimulated emission, to obtain the locational information on the radioactively labeled substances as a digital signal.

Abstract: An improved method for determining the performance of detergents in the removal of proteinaceous soils, which centers upon the use as test soil of radiolabelled blood hemoglobin and upon the evaluation of detergency by both light reflectance and scintillation counting measurements. The method is particularly applicable to the determination of the performance of laundry detergent formulations containing enzymes.

Abstract: Water soluble fluors useful in enhancing images obtained in autoradiography have the general formula:[F].sub.x [B].sub.y [S].sub.zF is a moiety which acts as a fluor, e.g., a dehydro derivative of a compound which is a fluor; preferred examples include 4-(2,5-diphenyloxazolyl), 1-napththylmethyl, 2-napththyl, and 4-[5-(2-phenyloxazolyl)]phenyl. S is a surfactant moiety which makes the molecule hydrophilic, e.g., dehydro derivatives of surfactants; preferred examples include polyethylene glycol derivatives, sulfonic acids or salts thereof, aryl sulfonates amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. B is a binding moiety which chemically binds the fluor moiety F with the surfactant S, and may be a chemical bond, or a disubstituted moiety such as an alkylene, e.g., methylene group. The variables x, y and z are integers which can generally vary from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Buried plastic mines or nonmetallic objects are located by spraying a suspected area with a leach of ionized metal and leaching the ionized metal into the soil to leave a metallic concentrate on an impervious object, such as a plastic mine. An array of detectors detects anomalies of concentrations of the metal, the concentrations being the result of the leach settling on or about the impervious object.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying an article and detecting its unauthorized movement comprises disposing a predetermined amount of radioactive isotopes on or within the article. The plurality of radioactive isotopes has a characteristic gamma spectrum unique to that plurality. Continuous monitoring is used to obtain a signal to detect unauthorized movement of the article. For identification purposes, means is provided for resolving the unique gamma spectrum into isotopic abundances. The plurality of radioactive isotopes is disposed on the article in an amount which preferably does not exceed an activity level of about one microcurie. Additionally, the half-life of the plurality is matched to the period of time needed to protect a particular article.

Abstract: A reliable method for testing the performance of detergent compositions, particularly from the standpoint of the redeposition of soils on fabrics during the laundry wash cycle, which comprises subjecting a clean control fabric swatch to multiple washings, each washing conducted in a solution of the detergent composition and in the presence of one or more pre-soiled fabric swatches, and then analyzing the control swatch for soil content, for example, by light reflectance or radiotracer methods.

Abstract: Water soluble fluors useful in enhancing images obtained in autoradiography have the general formula:[F].sub.x [B].sub.y [S].sub.zF is a moiety which acts as a fluor, e.g., a dehydro derivative of a compound which is a fluor; preferred examples include 4-(2,5-diphenyloxazolyl), 1-naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthyl, and 4-[5-(2-phenyloxazolyl)]phenyl. S is a surfactant moiety which makes the molecule hydrophilic, e.g., dehydro derivatives of surfactants; preferred examples include polyethylene glycol derivatives, sulfonic acids or salts thereof, aryl sulfonates, amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. B is a binding moiety which chemically binds the fluor moiety F with the surfactant S, and may be a chemical bond, or a disubstituted moiety such as an alkylene, e.g., methylene group. The variables x, y and z are integers which can generally vary from 1 to 10.

Abstract: A procedure for accurately determining size distribution of macroaggregate and colloidal particles in a solution wherein the solution is passed through a first capillary filter of selected pore diameter and then through a tortuous path provided by a fibrous filter composed of fibers having affinity for the colloidal substance.

Abstract: A process of forming indicia on autoradiograms is disclosed wherein a substrate containing a distribution of radioactive material, such as radioactively tagged proteins, is marked with a hexagonal Wurtzite form of zinc sulfide doped with trace metals phosphor. The thusly marked substrate is exposed to actinic radiation to charge the phosphor. The substrate is then superposed on an X-ray film to form a latent photographic image in the film which is developed by conventional means to form a photographic image of the phosphorescent indicia and the distribution of radioactive material in the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure reducing device and to an apparatus for detecting aerosols and particularly aerosols of solid particles emitting .alpha. rays. This apparatus comprises a measuring chamber equipped with a sampling filter and a radiation detector and linked with the outside by an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe is equipped with a venturi tube making it possible to produce a pressure reduction in the measuring chamber and exert on the solid particles of the aerosol fluid flow forces exceeding the forces tending to make these particles adhere to the walls. Application to the detection of .alpha. radiation emitting aerosols.

Abstract: A radioactive logging method for evaluating a wellbore and its surrounding formation in which gamma-ray emitting nuclides may be naturally present. A radioactive tracer is injected into the formation. The tracer emits gamma rays at at least one energy at which substantially none of the naturally present elements emit gamma rays. The wellbore is traversed with a gamma-ray detection system which is tuned to detect gamma rays at the one energy level of the tracer, thus providing a profile of tracer distribution in the formation.

Abstract: A generally cylindrical radiation shielding adapter makes possible the efficient utilization of a gamma camera for uptake studies. Only a small portion of the camera's field of view is utilized, thus increasing the count rate and decreasing the length of the study and the amount of radioactive material required to be absorbed by the organ.An alternative flat field of view straight bore masking collimator is also provided for uptake studies.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the position of a valve for example ball valves, plug valves, gate valves using a source of radiation such as cesium-137 located either on or adjacent to the external surface of the valve or within the valve itself, for example in the ball of a ball valve, and a radiation detector such as a Geiger-Muller tube on the external surface of the valve. Source and detector are aligned and located relative to one another so that the count rate detected is indicative of the valve position. The method is accurate and, for example, allows the position of the ball in a ball valve to be monitored to within .+-.1 mm.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the in situ levels of tritium in ground water at depth in the earth. A tritium analyzer is made to fit in a sonde or probe which is placed in a borehole. This analyzer can perform a programmed cycle and has a sample intake to allow ambient water to enter; a reaction chamber; a drying chamber; an ion chamber; a cryogenic gas pump, and a spent capsule collection chamber. After the water sample is brought into the unit, it rises into the reaction chamber where it reacts with a preweighed quantity of calcium carbide in a capsule to yield acetylene. Next the acetylene vapor passes through the drying chamber to remove excess water and then flows into the evacuated ion chamber. Following this, the ion chamber is sealed off and a count of tritium beta decay events is started. Following the completion of the count, a valve is opened to remove the acetylene from the ion chamber with the cryogenic gas pump.

Abstract: The novel compounds 1-.sup.11 C-D-glucose, 1-.sup.11 C-D-mannose, 1-.sup.11 C-D-galactose, 2-.sup.11 C-D-glucose, 2-.sup.11 C-D-mannose and 2-.sup.11 C-D-galactose which can be used in nuclear medicine to monitor the metabolism of glucose and galactose can be rapidly prepared by reaction of the appropriate aldose substrate with an alkali metal .sup.11 C-labeled cyanide followed by reduction with a Raney alloy in formic acid.

Abstract: Novel 6-bromo derivatives of cholesterol have the formula ##STR1## Such compounds are prepared from the known 6-iodocholesterol by treatment with cuprous bromide.These compounds, labelled with radioisotopes of Br-82 or Br-77, are localized in the adrenal, mammary and ovary tissue of female mammals and in the adrenal or prostate tissue of males when administered to such individuals. This provides a method for imaging adrenal, ovary or prostate tissue which is superior to use of the prior art 6-iodo-cholesterol.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for the detection of pitting corrosion, in which simultaneous measurements of the rate of loss of material from a body under test are made by means of changes in the resistance of the body and thin layer activation analysis. If the body is corroding uniformly, the rate of loss of material as measured by each technique is the same; if pitting corrosion is occuring, then the two measured rates of loss of material are different.

Abstract: A method of monitoring the wear of relatively moving parts, particularly inaccessible moving parts of internal combustion engines, comprises fixing a length of radioactive material into the part to be monitored, so that one end of the material is flush with the wearing surface, and measuring the loss of radioactivity as the surface of the part and radioactive material are worn away.An internal combustion engine having a length of radioactive material fixed into a relatively moving part, as described above, and a radiation detector which may be fitted to the outside of the engine is also claimed.The method may also be used to measure wear in, for example, pumps or compressors.

Abstract: A method for determining the efficiency of float-sink raw material separation units which achieve separation by specific gravity sorting of raw material in particle form introduced to a liquid bath. The efficiency is determined by introducing to the bath, with the raw material in particle form for separation, prepared particles of determined size and specific gravity and detecting the separation location of these prepared particles.

Abstract: In order to produce a visual image on a screen of the movement of gas flows inside hollow bodies, e.g. gas turbine or internal combustion engines, or wind tunnels, a gaseous tracer material including a short-lived radio-active isotope is injected into the hollow body. Radiation detectors 32 are positioned around a gas turbine engine 10 and linked to a computer 36 which is programmed using an image reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the flow path of the isotope in suitable form. One suitable isotope is produced by irradiating carbon tetrafluoride using a stream of deuterons from a cyclotron 12. The resulting reaction produces an isotope of Fluorine which has a half-life of 11.56 seconds, and decays producing radiation at approximately 1.6 Mev. The activity of the isotope is raised to the highest feasible level by continuously irradiating the tracer material in a chamber 14 as it is pumped around a circuit prior to injection. The half lives of the isotopes used are in the range 3 seconds to 2 minutes.

Abstract: Molecules are tritiated by depositing molecules of a substance to be tritiated on a supporting substrate in a vacuum chamber, and then subjecting the substance to low pressures of tritium gas. In a second embodiment of the invention, a substance is tritiated by placing the same near, but not in the path of, an electron beam which traverses a chamber; admitting tritium gas into the chamber; and subjecting the tritium to the electron beam thereby generating vibrationally excited tritium gas molecules which collide and react with the substance thus incorporating tritium atoms into the substance.

Abstract: Complexes of technetium-99m with fructose 6-phosphate or fructose 1,6-diphosphate or salts thereof having utility as radiopharmaceutical agents for monitoring the activity of an organ, their preparation and a method employing such complexes for externally monitoring the activity of an organ are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method of enhancing the effect of weak, e.g. beta, radioactive emitters, such as tritium and carbon-14, on film by contacting the medium used to contain the radioactive emitter with a fluor dissolved or dispersed in a carboxylic acid.A new composition of matter for performing such a method, comprising a fluor dissolved or dispersed in a carboxylic acid.An article of manufacture comprising an aqueous separation medium impregnated with a fluor and a solvent.

Abstract: A fluorescent composition useful in thin-layer chromatography comprises an inert porous particle having a fluorescent material fixedly attached by covalent chemical bonding to the surface thereof. A process for synthesizing this fluorescent composition is disclosed. A method for detecting the radioactivity of a radioactive species using a cell packed with such a fluorescent composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for detecting leaky ampules filled with a liquid such as a parenteral solution. The ampules to be tested are immersed in a solution containing a short-lived radionuclide, and a pressure differential is imposed between the solution containing the radionuclide and the parenteral solution or other liquid contained in the ampules. The ampules are then removed from solution, decontaminated to remove any solution adhering to the outer surface and pores thereof, dried, and finally examined for electromagnetic radiation, preferably gamma radiation, emanating from the interior of the ampules which would indicate a leaky condition thereof.

Abstract: A method of determining the concentration of a substance containing a component capable of induced .gamma. radiation upon irradiation in a neutron flux, especially for the determination of the concentration of fats in meat, in which the body is subjected to the neutron flux, especially from a Cf-252 source, and the induced .gamma. radiation is discriminated and analyzed, especially for the .gamma. radiation at 1.26 MeV, 2.23 MeV and/or 5.3 MeV.

Abstract: Deuterium tagging in an amount at least ten (10) times the natural abundance of the deuterium isotope occurrence is disclosed. A composition of matter, including the group consisting of hydrogen containing compounds having at least one atom which is not oxygen and at least about ten (10) times the naturally occurring deuterium is disclosed. Preferred use is set forth in tagging explosives. A method of detecting the tagged article, such as explosives concealed in airline luggage includes subjecting tagged compounds with energy quanta sufficient to carry out the reactionD.fwdarw.n+p-2.23 MeVand detecting the number of neutrons generated is disclosed where n is a neutron, p is a proton and 2.23 MeV is the threshold energy required for the reaction. The apparatus, including a conveyor and a vertically scanning shutter is disclosed in combination with a linear accelerator for generating the X-ray energy in the order of 4 MeV and a boron triflouride proportional counter for detecting neutrons.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the processing of fluid materials, particularly in the preparation of samples for radioactive isotope tracer studies by combustion of starting materials containing such isotope tracers. The sample is burned in a combustion chamber which tapers upwardly and inwardly above the sample receptacle so as to approximate the shape of the flame of a burning sample, and the combustion products are continuously exhausted from the combustion chamber and passed through a heat exchanger which condenses the condensable vapors in the combustion products. The condensed vapors are then separated from the gases, and the gases are passed into a reaction column if there is a radioactive isotope tracer remaining in gas form.

Abstract: Covalently bound biological substances to plastic materials whose inside surfaces have been coated with glutaraldehyde, with or without prior treatment with an aliphatic amine or diamine, useful in radioimmunoassay procedures.

Abstract: 1. The method of detecting predetermined organic halogen compounds in a gas omprising the steps of directing a sample of said gas into a reaction chamber containing immobilized therein a halogen compound in which the halogen constituent is radioactive, providing environmental conditions in said chamber to promote a chemical reaction whereby said radioactive constituent forms a mobile compound with a constituent of said organic halogen compound, and passing said sample including any of said mobile compound generated out of said reaction chamber and into the presence of a radiation detector.

Abstract: Proposed is a device for radiochromatographic analysis of mixtures of substances containing components tagged by radioactive isotopes, such as soft .beta.-isotopes comprising a chromatographic column, a detector of nuclear radiation and a chromatographic detector connected in series along the flow of the substance being analyzed. The detector of nuclear radiation is provided with a cell made as a tube with a scintillator applied onto its inner surface in the form of a solid layer. The tube is provided with movable means for sequentialy cooling and heating the same and a light detector which is movable along the length of the tube. In operation, upon introduction of the portion of the mixture being analyzed into the column, with the heater interacting with the tube, the heater and cooler are moved so that by the time the last component of the mixture exits from the column, the cooler is in interacting relationship with the tube whereby the components of the mixture are frozen.

Abstract: A chelate of technetium-99m, cobalt-57, gallium-67, gallium-68, indium-111 or indium-113m and substituted iminodiacetic acid or an 8-hydroxyquinoline useful as a radiopharmaceutical external imaging agent. The invention also includes preparative methods therefor.