Abstract: A lower electrode of a PIN diode and a second protective layer covering the PIN diode are formed not using separate mask processes, but using the same mask process using the same mask, thereby reducing the number of mask processes and thus increasing process efficiency. Further, the lower electrode of the PIN diode is patterned and then the second protective film covering the PIN diode is patterned such that both the former patterning and the latter patterning are carried out using a single mask process, thereby reduce increase in defects due to foreign materials or stains.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for measuring a spectrum of a gaseous sample includes a tunable laser light source to provide an illuminating light beam, a sample cell with an inner surface to provide scrambled light that is transmitted through the gaseous sample, a detector to detect intensity of transmitted scrambled light and a pressure control system to maintain an absolute pressure of the gaseous sample smaller than 50 kPa inside the sample cell to reduce spectral widths of spectral features of the gaseous sample. The measuring apparatus measures spectral transmittance values of the sample by modulating the spectral position of the illuminating light, and detecting the intensity of the transmitted light at different spectral positions. The divergence of the illuminating light beam in a transverse direction is greater than 30° to cause multiple consecutive reflections of the scrambled light from the inner surface.

Abstract: A CT system for a computed tomography examination is disclosed. In an embodiment, the CT system includes at least one mobile control element for control of the CT system, wirelessly connected to the CT system. At least one position and range determination facility is provided to determine the current position of the at least one control element in a range around the CT system. Furthermore, a method is disclosed for the position and range determination of a mobile control element for control of a CT system. A control and computing unit of a CT system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A radiography support device that supports imaging of an object with a radiation detection panel in which a plurality of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged and which detects radiation emitted from a radiation source, includes: a first reading control unit that reads first pixel signals from at least some of the plurality of pixels in a state in which the radiation is not emitted from the radiation source and a state in which the object is placed on the radiation detection panel; a first arithmetic unit that calculates a position of the object with respect to the radiation detection panel based on the first pixel signals; and a notification processing unit that performs a notification process in a case in which the position of the object is out of a predetermined range.

Abstract: A portable UV-C disinfection apparatus, method, and system for ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. UV-C emitters may be coupled to an array housing having a planar array surface in a vertical configuration. UV-C sensors are configured to measure the amount of UV-C light or near UV-C light from a target surface. A controller may be configured to engage with the UV-C sensors to determine the amount of UV-C radiation collected by the UV-C sensors. The controller includes instructions stored on a memory according to the amount of UV-C radiation collected corresponding to an effective kill-dose for surface disinfection. The improved apparatus, method, and system reduces exposure time by varying the intensity and wavelength of the UV-C administered, while concurrently reducing UV overexposure to surfaces by administering radiation through a rotational zonal application.

Abstract: Among other things, a detector array (300) for a radiation imaging system is provided. The detector array comprises a plurality of detector elements. Respective detector elements comprise, among other things, a scintillator (304) and a photodetector (306). In some embodiments, a scintillator is shared amongst two or more of the detector elements. In some embodiments, little to no reflective material, configured to mitigate cross-talk between detector elements, is situated between two or more detector elements.

Abstract: An electron beam from an accelerator is injected into a vacuum chamber and bent approximately 90 degrees by an electromagnet, which can be translated along the vacuum chamber and along the propagation direction of the electron beam. Under the influence of the electromagnet, electrons exit the scan chamber through a thin metal vacuum barrier and are directed toward the product to be irradiated. There can be an x-ray converter located between the electron beam and the product. As the electromagnet moves along the scan chamber and along the direction of the electron beam, the bending angle of the electron beam can be adjusted as a function of the position of the electromagnet with respect to the product.

Abstract: An AEC signal is transmitted and received always in a wireless manner between a wireless communicator of an electronic cassette and a wireless communicator of a control device, regardless of the presence or absence of wired communication. If communication failure occurs in the wired communication and X-ray image data cannot be transmitted in a wired manner, a memory of the electronic cassette temporarily stores the X-ray image data. Since the AEC signal is wirelessly transmitted, X-ray imaging is continued even if the wired communication is unusable. A cause of the communication failure is more easily identified in wireless communication than in the wired communication. Thus, even if the communication failure occurs in the wireless communication, the wireless communication quickly recovers from the failure and downtime of an X-ray imaging system does not become too long.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation detector including: a wavelength conversion unit that converts irradiated radiation to a radiation with a second wavelength; a first substrate that has a first and a second surface; radiation detecting pixels, disposed in a matrix on the first surface, that accumulate charges generated by irradiation of the radiation with the second wavelength, and that include switching elements to read out the charges; scan lines, provided on the first surface, through which a control signal, that switches each switching element provided in each radiation detecting pixel, flows; signal lines, provided on the first surface, through which an electric signal flows, the electric signal corresponding to the charges accumulated in each radiation detecting pixel; and a second substrate, provided on the second surface, that includes radiation irradiation detecting sensors that generate charges due to irradiation of the radiation having the second wavelength.

Abstract: A time-domain waveform of a terahertz wave is measured by a method based on time-domain spectroscopy by using an optical delay unit to adjust an optical path length along which excitation light propagates thereby adjusting a difference between a time at which the excitation light arrives at a generating unit configured to generate the terahertz wave and a time at which the excitation light arrives at a detection unit configured to detect the terahertz wave. The optical delay unit is driven according to a first speed pattern to acquire a first time-domain waveform. The optical delay unit is then driven according to a second speed pattern different from the first speed pattern to acquire a second time-domain waveform. The first time-domain waveform and the second time-domain waveform are averaged.

Abstract: An optical device may include: an optical module disposed in a beam delivery path of a laser beam; a beam adjusting unit disposed in the beam delivery path for adjusting the beam delivery path of the laser beam; a measuring unit disposed in the beam delivery path for detecting the beam delivery path; and a control unit for controlling the beam adjusting unit based on a detection result of the beam delivery path of the laser beam detected by the measuring unit.

Abstract: A disinfection device includes a disinfection chamber into which a radiation source emits ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. A radiation sensor detects the amount of UV-C radiation within the disinfection chamber, and a temperature sensor produces temperature values of a temperature within the disinfection chamber. A processing unit generates accumulated UV-C radiation values and verifies that the accumulated UV-C radiation value in the disinfection chamber reaches a first radiation threshold while also verifying that the temperature in the disinfection chamber stays below a first temperature threshold. The UV-C radiation may be emitted into the disinfection chamber over one or more fixed periods of time while the total time for the disinfection process is limited to a primary time interval. The process may terminate successfully if the first radiation threshold is exceeded before the primary time interval expires.

Abstract: A target supply device 4 may include a tank 51, formed of a metal, that holds a target material, an insulating member 62 that makes contact with at least part of the periphery of the tank 51, and a heater 58 that is separated from the tank 51 and heats the tank 51 via the insulating member 62.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a sensing module, a measuring module, a comparing module, and memory. The sensing module senses radiation incident on the integrated circuit. The measuring module communicates with the sensing module and measures an amount of the radiation incident on the integrated circuit. The comparing module communicates with the measuring module and compares the amount of the radiation to a predetermined threshold and generates an indication that the amount of the radiation is less than the predetermined threshold or that the amount of the radiation is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold. The memory stores the indication.

Abstract: A radiation image capturing device includes: an image capturing unit that captures a radiation image using irradiated radiation; a radiation detection unit that detects the radiation; a determination unit that determines whether image capturing preparation is completed; and a control unit that starts detection of the radiation by the radiation detection unit, in a case in which the determination unit determines that the image capturing preparation is completed, and controls the image capturing unit to capture a radiation image, in a case in which the radiation detection unit detects the radiation.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprises: an imaging unit to capture a moving image of an object irradiated with radiation; a first extraction unit to extract an object area where an object exists from an exposure field region of radiation in a first frame image of the moving image; a second extraction unit to extract a region of interest as a target for calculation of a first feature amount indicating a feature of an image from a region corresponding to the object area in a second frame image following the first frame image; a first calculation unit to calculate the first feature amount of a region of interest in a third frame image following the second frame image from a region corresponding to the region of interest in the third frame image; and a control unit to control a radiation generating unit based on the first feature amount.

Abstract: Field balancing may be performed with an irradiation system including a plurality of adjustable radiant-energy emitters. The irradiation system powers the radiant-energy emitters from a power source and radiant energy is emitted from the radiant-energy emitters, where an amount of radiant energy emitted from each emitter is capable of being varied based on power received from the power source. A plurality of radiant-energy sensors detects an amount of radiant energy which includes radiant energy created directly by at least one of the radiant-energy emitters. The amount of radiant energy detected at at least two of the radiant-energy sensors is compared, and at least one of the radiant-energy emitters is adjusted by varying the power received from the power source so that the amount of radiant energy detected at each of the radiant-energy sensors tends towards becoming approximately equal.

Abstract: Fluorescence detection device employed in a flow site meter emits laser light intensity-modulated by a modulation signal and acquires the fluorescence signal of fluorescence emitted from a measurement object passing through a measurement point of the laser light. The device generates the reference signal, separately from the modulation signal, the reference signal having a frequency different from the frequency of the modulation signal and having a phase synchronized with a phase of the modulation. The device determines fluorescence relaxation time of the measurement object from the fluorescence signal using the reference signal.

Abstract: A radiation source is relatively moved with respect to a radiation detector, on which a plurality of short-circuited pixels formed by short-circuiting TFT switches are arranged across the entire surface thereof. Radiation is irradiated onto a subject at a plurality of radiation source positions, in association with movement of the radiation source. A plurality of images corresponding to each of the plurality of the radiation source are obtained. Positions of detection short-circuited pixels for detecting a dose of radiation are set, respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation source positions . The dose of radiation output from the radiation source is controlled, based on electric signals read out from the detection short-circuited pixels, at each of the plurality of radiation source positions.

Abstract: A method for producing extreme ultraviolet light includes producing a target material at a target location; supplying pump energy to a gain medium of at least one optical amplifier that has an amplification band to produce an amplified light beam; propagating the amplified light beam through the gain medium using one or more optical components of a set of optical components; delivering the amplified light beam to the target location using one or more optical components of the optical component set; producing with a guide laser a guide laser beam that has a wavelength outside of the amplification band of the gain medium and inside the wavelength range of the optical components; and directing the guide laser beam through the optical component set to thereby align one or more optical components of the optical component set.

Abstract: A method for managing UV irradiation for treating substrates in the course of treating multiple substrates consecutively with UV light, includes: exposing a first UV sensor to the UV light at first intervals to measure illumination intensity of the UV light so as to adjust the illumination intensity to a desired level based on the measured illumination intensity; and exposing a second UV sensor to the UV light at second intervals to measure illumination intensity of the UV light so as to calibrate the first UV sensor by equalizing the illumination intensity measured by the first UV sensor substantially with the illumination intensity measured by the second UV sensor, wherein each second interval is longer than each first interval.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a detector, having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, for performing first and second radiography operations, a bias light source, and a control unit that controls the operation of the detector and the bias light source. In the first radiography operation, image data corresponding to radiation in a first radiation field corresponding to some of the pixels is output. In the second radiography operation, image data corresponding to radiation in a second radiation field larger than the first radiation field is output. In accordance with a change from the first radiation field to the second radiation field, the operation of the bias light source is controlled so that the irradiation with the bias light is performed during a period between the first and second radiography operations at a bias-light integral dose determined based on radiation integral dose information in the first radiography operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides system, devices, and methods for scanning an object while avoiding radiation exposure. For example, the present invention provides systems comprising a scanning device with input and output openings, and a safety sensor adjacent to the input or output opening that sends a signal that turns off or physically blocks electromagnetic radiation if the presence of an invading element (e.g., human hand) is detected by the safety sensor.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for capturing cosmic background radiation and for converting cosmic background radiation into electricity. An antenna is configured so as to capture cosmic background radiation. An electrostatic electron multiplier is connected to the antenna. A high voltage power supply is connected to the electrostatic electron multiplier whereby cosmic background radiation is converted to electricity.

Abstract: A radiation image capturing device includes: an image capturing unit that captures a radiation image using irradiated radiation; a radiation detection unit that detects the radiation; a determination unit that determines whether image capturing preparation is completed; and a control unit that starts detection of the radiation by the radiation detection unit, in a case in which the determination unit determines that the image capturing preparation is completed, and controls the image capturing unit to capture a radiation image, in a case in which the radiation detection unit detects the radiation.

Abstract: A radiation image capturing system includes: a radiation image capturing device that includes an irradiation detecting/image capturing mode in which a start of irradiation of radiation is detected and a radiation image is captured; a detection unit that detects whether a radiographer has completed positioning of a subject with respect to the radiation image capturing device or has completed image capturing preparation; and a control unit that controls the radiation image capturing device to transit to the irradiation detecting/image capturing mode, in a case in which it is detected by the detection unit that the radiographer has completed the positioning of the subject or has completed the image capturing preparation.

Abstract: A time-domain waveform of a terahertz wave is measured by a method based on time-domain spectroscopy by using an optical delay unit to adjust an optical path length along which excitation light propagates thereby adjusting a difference between a time at which the excitation light arrives at a generating unit configured to generate the terahertz wave and a time at which the excitation light arrives at a detection unit configured to detect the terahertz wave. The optical delay unit is driven according to a first speed pattern to acquire a first time-domain waveform. The optical delay unit is then driven according to a second speed pattern different from the first speed pattern to acquire a second time-domain waveform. The first time-domain waveform and the second time-domain waveform are averaged.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprises: an imaging unit to capture a moving image of an object irradiated with radiation; a first extraction unit to extract an object area where an object exists from an exposure field region of radiation in a first frame image of the moving image; a second extraction unit to extract a region of interest as a target for calculation of a first feature amount indicating a feature of an image from a region corresponding to the object area in a second frame image following the first frame image; a first calculation unit to calculate the first feature amount of a region of interest in a third frame image following the second frame image from a region corresponding to the region of interest in the third frame image; and a control unit to control a radiation generating unit based on the first feature amount.

Abstract: A radiation inspection system is disclosed. The radiation inspection system comprises: an inspection passage through which a moving object under inspection can pass, a radiation source disposed on a side of the inspection passage for emitting radiation, an array of detectors disposed on the other side of the inspection passage opposite to the radiation source for receiving the radiation emitted from the radiation source, a detector for detecting the moving object, and a controller for receiving a signal from the detector and controlling the radiation source to emit radiation when the detector detects the moving object for radiation imaging and inspection of the moving object. According to the radiation inspection system, the controller can control the radiation source to automatically emit radiation beam based on the detection signal from the detector for inspecting the moving object. As a result, inspection efficiency is improved, safety is increased, and misoperation of the radiation source is eliminated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation detector including: a wavelength conversion unit that converts irradiated radiation to a radiation with a second wavelength; a first substrate that has a first and a second surface; radiation detecting pixels, disposed in a matrix on the first surface, that accumulate charges generated by irradiation of the radiation with the second wavelength, and that include switching elements to read out the charges; scan lines, provided on the first surface, through which a control signal, that switches each switching element provided in each radiation detecting pixel, flows; signal lines, provided on the first surface, through which an electric signal flows, the electric signal corresponding to the charges accumulated in each radiation detecting pixel; and a second substrate, provided on the second surface, that includes radiation irradiation detecting sensors that generate charges due to irradiation of the radiation having the second wavelength.

Abstract: Field balancing may be performed with an irradiation system including a plurality of adjustable radiant-energy emitters. The irradiation system powers the radiant-energy emitters from a power source and radiant energy is emitted from the radiant-energy emitters, where an amount of radiant energy emitted from each emitter is capable of being varied based on power received from the power source. A plurality of radiant-energy sensors detects an amount of radiant energy which includes radiant energy created directly by at least one of the radiant-energy emitters. The amount of radiant energy detected at least two of the radiant-energy sensors is compared, and at least one of the radiant-energy emitters is adjusted by varying the power received from the power source so that the amount of radiant energy detected at each of the radiant-energy sensors tends towards becoming approximately equal.

Abstract: A method includes purposefully electromagnetically shielding a portable x-ray detector.

Abstract: A system for sterilizing packaged products, for example liquid products, with ultraviolet light. The system includes an apparatus for moving product through a treatment zone for a period of time and in a manner sufficient to sterilize the product.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing apparatus of a radiographic image capturing system includes a radiation source for outputting a radiation, a cassette housing therein a radiation detector for detecting the radiation which is transmitted through a subject when the subject is irradiated with the radiation by the radiation source, and converting the detected radiation into a radiographic image, a camera for capturing an image of at least the cassette, and a communication unit for sending the image of the cassette which is captured by the camera to an external circuit.

Abstract: A method for determining parameters of a beam is disclosed. As a part of a disclosed method, a beam is received at an image detection array where charges are generated and collected, at a plurality of pixels. Values associated with at least one of a plurality of parameters of the beam are determined by integrating information supplied from each of the pixels. Feedback is generated that represents the values.

Abstract: Scanning beam display systems that scan at least one invisible servo beam and an excitation beam onto a screen that emits visible light under excitation of the light of the excitation beam and control optical alignment of the excitation beam based on positioning of the servo beam on the screen via a feedback control.

Abstract: Devices are disclosed herein which may comprise an EUV reflective optic having a surface of revolution that defines a rotation axis and a circular periphery. The optic may be positioned to incline the axis at a nonzero angle relative to a horizontal plane, and to establish a vertical projection of the periphery in the horizontal plane with the periphery projection bounding a region in the horizontal plane. The device may further comprise a system delivering target material, the system having a target material release point that is located in the horizontal plane and outside the region, bounded by the periphery projection and a system generating a laser beam for irradiating the target material to generate an EUV emission.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for communicating with a thermal detector module and an appropriate thermal detector for a use with such a control device. The device for communicating with a thermal detector module comprises a means for providing a collimated beam of thermal infrared radiation and means for modulating the intensity of the collimated beam of thermal infrared radiation. The intensity modulated thermal infrared beam, when directed on to the thermal detector module from a position within the module's field of view, is suitable for triggering a response from the thermal detector module. The intensity modulated thermal infrared beam may also be encoded with a digital signal to control the function of the thermal detector.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprises: a radiation generator configured to irradiate an object with radiation; a radiation detector configured to detect radiation transmitted through the object; a detector configured to detect at least one of movement and rotation of the radiation generator and the radiation detector relative to the object; and a controller configured to change a size of an irradiated region of radiation applied to the object by the radiation generator based on a detection result.

Abstract: The invention relates to an irradiation apparatus for inactivating pathogens and/or leukocytes in a biological fluid such as a platelet suspension and/or plasma comprising: a casing (2), a support member (3) for carrying at least one irradiation bag (19) containing the biological fluid, a light source (4) comprising two banks of light (5, 6) disposed above and below the support member (3), and an agitating system (25) for moving the support member (3), the light source generating UVC light of suitable intensity to inactivate pathogens and/or leukocytes and the agitation system moving the support member in an orbital path with predetermined amplitude and rotational frequency suitable to expose the whole biological fluid to UVC.

Abstract: A photographing control apparatus that controls a sensor for accumulating and reading out electric charge in order to obtain an image, includes: a deciding unit adapted to decide a frame period showing an image photographing interval, based on an input of an input unit; a determining unit adapted to determine, based on the frame period decided by the deciding unit, whether accumulation and reading out of electric charge not for use in an image generating process is set in the frame period; and a control unit adapted to control the sensor based on the determination by the determining unit.

Abstract: Scanning beam display systems that scan at least one invisible servo beam and an excitation beam onto a screen that emits visible light under excitation of the light of the excitation beam and control optical alignment of the excitation beam based on positioning of the servo beam on the screen via a feedback control.

Abstract: A radiation beam conditioning system comprising at least three optical paths in which the radiation is conditioned.

Abstract: A mammographic system as a radiation image capturing apparatus includes a radiation source for emitting radiation, a solid-state detector for detecting radiation emitted from the radiation source and generating a radiation image based on such radiation, AEC sensors for detecting a radiation dose emitted from the radiation source, a radiation source controller for controlling the dose emitted from the radiation source based on output signals from the AEC sensors, a reference output storage unit for storing reference output ranges defining respective ranges of reference output signals for the solid-state detector and the AEC sensors, and a malfunction detector for comparing output signals generated by the solid-state detector and the AEC sensors with the respective reference output ranges to detect a malfunction of the solid-state detector, the AEC sensors, or the radiation source.

Abstract: A device for locally resolved control of a radiation dose (?(?,e+)({right arrow over (r)})) applied with a pulsed particle beam (6) in particle beam therapy, with a processing unit (24), which is set up to detect continuously a count rate of x-ray quanta (14) measured with a positron emission tomograph (2) and to determine the applied radiation dose (??(?,e+)({right arrow over (r)})) from the pattern of the measured count rate, by determining by computation from the measured pattern of the count rate the time intervals (In), in which an interaction of the particle beam (6) takes place at the application site and by rejecting these time intervals (In) for the determination of the applied radiation dose (?(?,e+)({right arrow over (r)})).

Abstract: A radiation detector includes: a radiation detecting unit including a radiation sensor detecting a radiation sensitive to light, a signal amplifier, a pulse-height discriminator, and a counter; an optical pulse emitting unit configured to emit an optical pulse for confirming operational integrity of the radiation detecting unit; an emission controlling unit configured to control an operation of the optical pulse emitting unit; and a light path through which light is led from the optical pulse emitting unit to a vicinity of the radiation sensor. The emission controlling unit including a mechanism for adjusting emission time characteristics of the optical pulse emitting unit.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of a photovoltaic element as sensor for checking the functionality of transmitters in the infrared range.

Abstract: A light source is disclosed. The light source has a light-emitting chip that includes an LED that generates light in an active region thereof. The LED emits a light signal in a forward direction, and infrared radiation generated in the active region is emitted in a side direction in the form of a first infrared signal. The first light signal is determined by a first drive signal coupled to the LED. The light source also includes an infrared detector positioned to collect a portion of the infrared signal. The infrared detector generates a heat signal indicative of the amount of infrared radiation detected. A controller generates the drive signal so as to maintain the heat signal at a first target value. In light sources having LEDs that emit in different spectral ranges, the infrared detectors can all detect heat in the same spectral range.

Abstract: A light beam detection device includes a light-receiving element for receiving a light beam and outputting a detection signal. A light detection circuit generates and outputs a light-emission signal based on the detection signal. A light-emitting element emits light based on the light-emission signal. The light-receiving element and the light-emitting element are arranged on a detection member. A supporting member supports the detection member. A driving device moves the supporting member in a reciprocative manner in an X axis direction and a Y axis direction to form a detection region with the detection member. The light-emitting means forms an afterimage on the detection region when the light beam irradiates the detection region.

Abstract: In an irradiation control device which extends a longevity of an LED, a feedback control is performed to an irradiating portion by an output signal of a photo device provided in relation to the irradiating portion, thereby making brightness fixed. Alternatively, by performing image processing to an image taken by a camera, brightness on a screen is calculated, so that a feedback control is performed to the irradiating portion to make the brightness fixed. Alternatively, based on a recognition rate upon character recognition within the image taken by the camera, a feedback control is performed to the irradiating portion to make the brightness fixed.