Abstract: A plurality of optical transducers converts the first radiation to a first light having a first wavelength, and converts the second radiation to a second light having a second wavelength. A shielding unit is arranged between the optical transducers to shield the first radiation, the second radiation, the first light, and the second light. A plurality of first photoelectric converters that corresponds to each of the optical transducers outputs a first electrical signal based on intensity of the first light. A plurality of second photoelectric converters that corresponds to each of the optical transducers outputs a second electrical signal based on intensity of the second light.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system, method and software program product for implementing 3-D Complete-Body-Screening medical imaging which combines the benefits of the functional imaging capability of PET with those of the anatomical imaging capability of CT. The present invention enables execution of more complex algorithms measuring more accurately the information obtained from the collision of a photon with a detector. The present invention overcomes input and coincidence bottlenecks inherent in the prior art by implementing a massively parallel, layered architecture with separate processor stacks for handling each channel. The prior art coincidence bottleneck is overcome by limiting coincidence comparisons to those with a time stamp occurring within a predefined time window. The increased efficiency provides the bandwidth necessary for increasing the throughput even more by extending the FOV to over one meter in length and the execution of even more complex algorithms.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a first array including a first photon incident surface, a second array including a second photon incident surface, and a scintillator array extending from the first photon incident surface to the second photon incident surface. The second detector offsets from the first detector by approximately one-half detector pitch normal to an incident x-ray direction.

Abstract: A method for estimating a location of a most-likely photon source on a scintillator block includes obtaining a measured photodetector signal indicative of a distribution of photons received by a plurality of photodetectors from a photon source on a scintillator block; and obtaining a measured fiber signal indicative of a distribution of photons received by a plurality of wavelength-shifting fibers extending across the scintillator block from a photon source on a scintillator block.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a first array including a first photon incident surface, a second array including a second photon incident surface, and a scintillator array extending from the first photon incident surface to the second photon incident surface.

Abstract: A positron emission camera comprising a plurality of scintillators, wherein the scintillators include LuAlO3:Ce (LuxY1?xAP where 0.5?x?0.995) based crystals (18,20). In particular, the scintillation crystals (18,20) are LuxY1?xAP where 0.5?x?0.995.

Abstract: A conversion device for use in an imaging system is provided. The conversion device includes a first perforated plate portion forming a plurality of collimator channels separated by a plurality of thin collimator walls. A second perforated plate portion forming a plurality of scintillator channels separated by a plurality of thin scintillator walls is attached to the first perforated plate portion. A reflective coating is applied to the inside scintillator surface of the plurality of thin scintillator walls. A scintillator material is filled into the plurality of scintillator channels.

Abstract: A depth of interaction detector with uniform pulse-height comprises a multi-layer scintillator obtained by coupling at least two scintillator cells on a plane and then stacking the planar coupled scintillator cells, in layers, up to at least two stages and a light-receiving element connected to the bottom face of each scintillator cell of this multi-layer scintillator, wherein the detector is provided with a means for discriminating the position of a scintillator cell, which receives radiant rays and emits light rays and a means for making, uniform, the quantity of the light emitted from each scintillator cell and received by the light-receiving element.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the invention relates to a light guide which may include a first surface which receives light, a second surface which emits light, wherein the second surface is parallel to the first surface and the second surface has a smaller area than the first surface, at least one edge surface which extends between the first surface and the second surface, and a light barrier which extends between the first surface and the second surface, wherein the light barrier divides the light guide into separate regions and reduces the propagation of light between the separate regions. The light guide can be used in a positron emission tomography scanner.

Abstract: The radiation three-dimensional position detector of the present invention comprises a scintillator unit (10), a light receiving element (20) and an operation section (30). The scintillator unit is disposed on the light incident plane of the light receiving element, wherein the scintillator unit is comprised of four layers of scintillator arrays, each layer being composed of scintillator cells arrayed in 8 row ?8 column matrix. The scintillator cell produces scintillation light corresponding to the radiation absorbed thereby. The optical characteristic of a partition material for separating neighboring scintillator cells, which faces at least one same side face is different between a scintillator cell Ck1,m,n included in one scintillator array layer (k1-th layer) and a scintillator cell Ck2,m,n included in the other scintillator array layer (k2-th layer).

Abstract: An apparatus according to the invention includes a response coefficient to dose relationship memory for storing, in advance, a relationship of correspondence between intensities of an exponential function for impulse response and X-ray doses. The intensities of the exponential function determine conditions relating to an impulse response in a recursive computation performed to remove lag-behind parts from X-ray detection signals outputted from an FPD, thereby to obtain corrected X-ray detection signals. An impulse response coefficient setter sets an impulse response coefficient corresponding to an X-ray dose for an object under examination based on the relationship of correspondence between intensities of the exponential function and radiation doses. A time lag remover performs the recursive computation for time lag removal, with the intensity of an exponential function set to correspond to the X-ray dose for the object under examination.

Abstract: X-ray radiation is transmitted through and scattered from an object under inspection to detect weapons, narcotics, explosives or other contraband. Relatively fast scintillators are employed for faster X-ray detection efficiency and significantly improved image resolution. Detector design is improved by the use of optically adiabatic scintillators. Switching between photon-counting and photon integration modes reduces noise and significantly increases overall image quality.

Abstract: The present invention is a directed to a non-pixelated scintillator array for a CT detector as well as an apparatus and method of manufacturing same. The scintillator array is comprised of a number of ceramic fibers or single crystal fibers that are aligned in parallel with respect to one another. As a result, the pack has very high dose efficiency. Furthermore, each fiber is designed to direct light out to a photodiode with very low scattering loss. The fiber size (cross-sectional diameter) may be controlled such that smaller fibers may be fabricated for higher resolution applications. Moreover, because the fiber size can be controlled to be consistent throughout the scintillator may and the fibers are aligned in parallel with one another, the scintillator array, as a whole, also is uniform. Therefore, precise alignment with the photodiode array or the collimator assembly is not necessary.

Abstract: An X-ray detector comprising a scintillator layer (38) provided for each pixel and adapted for converting X radiation into light, a storage capacitor (15) for storing, as electric charge, the light converted in the scintillator layer (38), and a partition layer (39) partitioning the adjoining scintillator layers (38) provided to the respective pixels. The scintillator layer (38) contains a fluorescent material (I), the partition layer contains a second phosphor (P2) having optical characteristics different from those of the fluorescent material (IP1). The wavelength of the fluorescent light emitted from the second phosphor (P2) includes a component which is equal to or longer than the shortest wavelength of the fluorescent light emitted from the fluorescent material (IP1).

Abstract: The present invention provides an X-ray detector assembly and a fabrication method, where the X-ray detector assembly includes a scintillator material disposed on a detector matrix array disposed on a detector substrate; and an encapsulating coating disposed on the scintillator material. The encapsulating coating includes a combination of a mono-chloro-poly-para-xylylene layer and a poly-para-xylylene layer. In one embodiment, a poly-para-xylylene layer is disposed over the scintillator material and a mono-chloro-poly-para-xylylene layer is disposed over the poly-para-xylylene layer.

Abstract: A radiation imaging device includes scintillation crystal sheets arranged in parallel to each other. Semiconductor photodetector positional detectors read light from large faces of the scintillation crystal sheets to detect interactions in the scintillation crystal sheets and independently provide positional information concerning the interactions relative to at least one axis. The structures of the photodetectors and crystal sheets provide for very small spaces between the sheets.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting x-rays are disclosed herein. One or more x-ray-sensitive scintillators can be configured from a plurality of heavy element nano-sized particles and a plastic material, such as polystyrene. As will be explained in greater detail herein, the heavy element nano-sized particles (e.g., PbWO4) can be compounded into the plastic material with at least one dopant that permits the plastic material to scintillate. X-rays interact with the heavy element nano-sized particles to produce electrons that can deposit energy in the x-ray sensitive scintillator, which in turn can produce light.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an array adapted to receive a plurality of scintillators for use in association with an imaging device. The method allows the creation of a detector array such that location of the impingement of radiation upon an individual scintillator detector is accurately determinable. The array incorporates an air gap between all the scintillator elements. Certain scintillators may have varying height reflective light partitions to control the amount of light sharing which occurs between elements. Light transmission is additionally optimized by varying the optical transmission properties of the reflective light partition, such as by varying the thickness and optical density of the light partitions. In certain locations, no light partitions exist, thereby defining an air gap between those elements. The air gap allows a large increase in the packing fraction and therefore the overall sensitivity of the array.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optically coupled digital radiography method and apparatus for simultaneously obtaining two distinct images of the same subject, each of which represents a different x-ray energy spectrum. The two images may be combined in various ways such that anatomical features may be separated from one another to provide a clearer view of those features or of underlying structures. The two different images are obtained using a pair of scintillators separated by an x-ray filter that attenuates part of the x-ray spectrum of an x-ray exposure such that the first and second scintillators receive a different energy spectrum of the same x-ray exposure. Alternatively, the two different images can be obtained without a filter and with two scintillators made of different fluorescing materials that react differently to the same x-ray exposure.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring absorption dose distribution may be used for radiotherapy, such as intensity modulated radiotherapy and radiosurgery. In the apparatus, measurement or evaluation of the distribution of the radiated dose within a phantom can be achieved accurately and in a relatively short length of time. The apparatus includes a phantom with a plastic plate scintillator having a thickness within the range of 0.15 to 1 mm and plastic blocks sandwiching the plastic scintillator, and an image analyzer. At least one of the plastic blocks is transparent and the image analyzer measures a pattern of intensity distribution of light emitted from the plastic scintillator when the phantom is irradiated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector for converting electromagnetic radiation (15) into electric charge carriers. The invention also relates to an X-ray examination apparatus provided with such a radiation detector, and to a method of manufacturing a radiation detector. In order to achieve a small building height of the radiation detector while nevertheless satisfying the same requirements as regards the resetting of the converter arrangement (16, 18) by means of an illumination device (6), it is proposed to provide a supporting layer (8) underneath a glass plate (2a) with a photosensor arrangement (2b), which supporting layer on the one hand provides uniform distribution of the light incident from below and on the other hand imparts the necessary stability to the radiation detector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation detector element assembly. The radiation detector assembly comprises a scintillator and a photo sensor, the scintillator including a first surface proximate to a photo sensor and a second surface distal to the first surface and receptive to a radiation beam. The radiation detector also includes a side portion of the scintillator configured to intercept impingement of a radiation beam thereon and reduce response of the photo sensor to said impingement on the side portion. Also disclosed herein is a method of detecting an incident radiation beam. The method comprising: receiving a radiation beam incident upon a second surface of a scintillator, the scintillator including a first surface proximate to a photo sensor and a second surface distal to the first surface.

Abstract: In a radiation detection device in which light that is generated at a phosphor layer based on absorbed radiation, the phosphor layer being constituted by connecting side faces of columnar phosphors to each other, is converted into an electric charge at a photoelectric conversion element portion and radiation is detected based on the electric charge, the phosphors have larger column diameters in peripheral regions of the phosphor layer than in a central region thereof. Further, the phosphor layer has a film thickness that is smaller in its peripheral regions than in a central region thereof, thereby preventing breakage of the phosphors.

Abstract: In a radiation detection device in which light that is generated at a phosphor layer based on absorbed radiation, the phosphor layer being constituted by connecting side faces of columnar phosphors to each other, is converted into an electric charge at a photoelectric conversion element portion and radiation is detected based on the electric charge, the phosphors have larger column diameters in peripheral regions of the phosphor layer than in a central region thereof. Further, the phosphor layer has a film thickness that is smaller in its peripheral regions than in a central region thereof, thereby preventing breakage of the phosphors.

Abstract: A gamma ray camera A includes a crystal array S which includes a plurality of pixels 4 each of which outputs a pixel signal in response to receiving a gamma ray. A first circuit (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 22) outputs for each pixel 4 of the crystal array S, when a pixel signal output by the pixel 4 has a predetermined relation to a reference signal, a threshold signal related to the position of the pixel 4 in the crystal array S. A second circuit (18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32) outputs a counter value for each pixel signal having a predetermined relation to its threshold signal. Lastly, a third circuit 34 accumulates for each pixel 4 of the crystal array S a count of the counter values output by the second circuit (18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32) for the pixel 4.

Abstract: A 6Li doped glass scintillator sheet with grooves cut at given spacings in horizontal and vertical directions. Bundles of wavelength shifting fibers placed in the vertical grooves and fluorescence reflector buried in the horizontal grooves make a group of detection pixels. Neutron detecting media are provided on the top surface and bundles of wavelength shifting fibers are arranged horizontally on the bottom surface of the scintillator. Fluorescence generated by stimulation with the neutrons entering the detection pixels and with the neutrons incident on the neutron detecting media are detected by the wavelength shifting fibers. The detected fluorescence is converted to electric signals with a multi-channel photomultiplier tube, with pulse signals for simultaneous counting generated from a retriggerable, constant time-duration pulse generator and recorded as time-series data by parallel interfaces. The recorded data are analyzed by the simultaneous counting method to produce a two-dimensional neutron image.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an apparatus for an enhanced imaging sensor consisting of pixellated micro columnar scintillation film material for x-ray imaging comprising a scintillation substrate and a micro columnar scintillation film material in contact with the scintillation substrate. The micro columnar scintillation film material is formed from a doped scintillator material. According to the invention, the micro columnar scintillation film material is subdivided into arrays of optically independent pixels having interpixel gaps between the optically independent pixels. These optically independent pixels channel detectable light to a detector element thereby reducing optical crosstalk between the pixels providing for an X-ray converter capable of increasing efficiency without the associated loss of spatial resolution. The interpixel gaps are further filled with a dielectric and or reflective material to substantially reduce optical crosstalk and enhance light collection efficiency.

Abstract: A radiation detector, in particular a gamma camera, is constructed and operated in such a fashion that only a predetermined number of light sensors (such as PMT's) adjoining each other in a cluster are used to generate a signal with amplitude and event position information. The camera may also use an array of individual scintillation elements (crystals) in place of a single crystal, with certain advantages obtained thereby. According to another aspect of the invention, there is a reflector sheet that defines an array of apertures through which scintillation light can pass from the scintillation crystal to a plurality of light sensors optically coupled to an optical window in an array corresponding to the array of apertures in the reflector.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the simultaneous detection and identification of radiation species, including neutrons, gammas/x-rays and minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). A plurality of rectangular and/or triangularly shaped radiation sensitive scintillators can be configured from a plurality of nano-sized particles, dopants and an extruded plastic material. A wavelength-shifting fiber can then be located within a central hole of each extruded scintillator, wherein the wavelength-shifting fiber absorbs scintillation light and re-emits the light at a longer wavelength, thereby piping the light to a photodetector whose response to the light indicates the presence of radiation The resulting method and system can simultaneously detect neutrons, gamma rays, x-rays and cosmic rays (MIPs) and identify each.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a new and sensitive radiation sensor. The sensor includes a photo conductor cell. A substantially transparent cone optically coupled to the photo conductor cell, and a first layer of phosphor material coated onto the transparent cone. The layer of metal is then coated onto the phosphor material. This combination provides a sensitive and compact sensor construction. A bias light is further included to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Signals sent by the sensor and evaluated by a microprocessor result in the transmission of predetermined audible sounds.

Abstract: A radiation detector has a photodiode arrangement, a number of scintillators, and a reflector part having a number of compartments corresponding to the number of scintillators, which receive the scintillators in such a way that the scintillators are surrounded by walls of the compartments with the exception of their side respectively facing the photodiode arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grid (3) for the absorption of X-rays (11). An anti-scatter grid for reducing the scattered radiation is readily manufactured by arranging a plurality of layers containing wire elements (10) that are spaced apart and an appropriate ruggedness is achieved also for large-area X-ray detectors.

Abstract: X-ray imaging screens utilizing phosphors disposed in microchannels disposed in a plate. This application relates to the “tiling” of such microchannel plates to form a larger imaging area and to the use of “storage phosphors” in the microchannel plates which enables the phosphors to be read out after exposure and from the side exposed to the X-rays. The storage phosphor screens of the present invention provide significantly increased resolution than the prior art storage phosphor screens.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube enhanced in simplicity and flexibility of mounting, a photomultiplier tube unit enhanced in photomultiplier tube assembling efficiency when unitized, and a radiation detector enhanced in assembling efficiency for a plurality of photomultiplier tubes. The photomultiplier tube (1) has a hermetically sealed vessel (5) easily screw-fixed in a predetermined position due to screwing means (30) provided in the stem plate (4). As a result, the photomultiplier tube (1) can be very easily attached or detached so that even an unskilled person can mount the photomultiplier tube (1) easily and accurately in a predetermined position by screwing.

Abstract: In a method for producing a detector array for detection of X-ray radiation, a stack is formed from a sequence of layers which are arranged one above the other in a stacking direction and are connected to one another. This results in a layer group, comprising at least one sensor layer composed of a material which is sensitive to that radiation and a separating layer, repeatedly. The stack is then broken down into slabs such that a row sequence in one slab reproduces the layer sequence in the stack. The slab is made contact with, optically or electrically, on at least one of its surface faces. The rows which are formed from the sensor layers in the slab are preferably subdivided by the introduction of separating spaces into individual sensor elements or pixels. A reflector material can be poured into the separating spaces. The method allows the production of relatively large quantities of one-dimensional or multidimensional detector arrays in a simple manner.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a detector or light guide using laser technology. The method yields a detector component such as a scintillator, light guide or optical sensor which provides for the internal manipulation of light waves via the strategic formation of micro-voids to enhance control and collection of scintillation light, allowing for accurate decoding of the impinging radiation. The method uses laser technology to create micro-voids within a target media to optically segment the media. The micro-voids are positioned to define optical boundaries of the optically-segmented portions forming virtual resolution elements within the scintillator. Each micro-void is formed at its selected location using a laser source. The laser source generates and focuses a beam of light into the target media sequentially to form the micro-voids. The laser beam ablates the media at the focal point, thereby yielding the micro-void.

Abstract: A side tube includes a tube head, a funnel-shaped connection neck, and a tube main body, which are arranged along a tube axis and which are integrated together into the side tube. The size of a cross section of the tube head perpendicular to the tube axis is larger than the size of a cross section of the tube main body perpendicular to the tube axis. The radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube head is smaller than the radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube main body. The length of the tube head along the tube axis is shorter than the length of the tube main body along the tube axis. One surface of a faceplate is connected to the tube head. A photocathode is formed on the surface of the faceplate in its area located inside the tube head.

Abstract: A radiation imaging system comprises a radiation image detection panel having means for converting radiations into electric signals, and an outer enclosure which holds therein the radiation image detection panel, and further comprises an elastic support means. The radiation image detection panel is elastically supported by the elastic support means toward the outer enclosure.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an array adapted to receive a plurality of scintillators for use in association with an imaging device. The method allows the creation of a detector array such that location of the impingement of radiation upon an individual scintillator detector is accurately determinable. The array incorporates an air gap between all the scintillator elements. Certain scintillators may have varying height reflective light partitions to control the amount of light sharing which occurs between elements. Light transmission is additionally optimized by varying the optical transmission properties of the reflective light partition, such as by varying the thickness and optical density of the light partitions. In certain locations, no light partitions exist, thereby defining an air gap between those elements. The air gap allows a large increase in the packing fraction and therefore the overall sensitivity of the array.

Abstract: A detector array for detecting X-rays has a number of sensor elements that each have a scintillator element, which is sensitive to X-rays, and a photo-electrical transducer optically coupled thereto. An intermediate areas separating adjacent scintillator elements from one another is present between each two adjacent scintillator elements. Scintillator material is present in the intermediate area. In a production method for such a detector array for detecting X-rays, separating channels are introduced into a layer that is composed of scintillator material, which is sensitive to X-rays, without completely separating the layer.

Abstract: A detector assembly 18 for an imaging system 20 is provided comprising a plurality of scintillator elements 50 positioned within a scintillator pack 56. The scintillator pack 56 forms a scintillator pack upper surface 58 and a plurality of scintillator pack walls 60 positioned between the plurality of scintillator elements 50. A plurality of collimator elements 64 are mounted on the scintillator pack upper surface 58. Each of the plurality of collimator elements 50 is comprised of a stack laminated base 66 mounted to the scintillator pack upper surface 58 and a cast upper wall 68 formed on the stack laminated base 66.

Abstract: A 6Li doped glass scintillator sheet is provided with grooves that are cut at given spacings in both a horizontal and a vertical direction. Bundles of wavelength shifting fibers in the vertical grooves and a fluorescence reflector buried in the horizontal grooves make a group of detection pixels. Neutron detecting mediums are provided on the top surface of the scintillator. Bundles of wavelength shifting fibers are also arranged horizontally on the bottom surface of the scintillator. Fluorescence generated by stimulation with neutrons entering the detection pixels and fluorescence generated by stimulation with neutrons incident on the neutron detecting mediums are detected by the fibers in the vertical grooves and the fibers on the bottom surface of the scintillator. The detected fluorescence is used to generate pulse signals that are recorded as time-series data by parallel interfaces. The recorded data are analyzed to produce a two-dimensional neutron image.

Abstract: A scintillation detector comprising: an array of scintillation crystal elements (22); an array of detection elements (26); and a plurality of light guides (24) connecting each crystal element to multiple ones of the detection elements, so that a scintillation event in any one of the crystal elements gives rise to a signal being generated on a particular combination of the detection elements. This design allows a detection array with a relatively small number of elements, e.g. 61, to be used in conjunction with a scintillation array with a much larger number of elements, e.g. 400. High spatial resolution is thus achievable. Moreover, a high speed digital processor (28) can be used to provide rapid read out of the address of the crystal element where any scintillation event occurred.

Abstract: The radiation three-dimensional position detector of the present invention comprises a scintillator unit (10), a light receiving element (20) and an operation section (30). The scintillator unit is disposed on the light incident plane of the light receiving element, wherein the scintillator unit is comprised of four layers of scintillator arrays, each layer being composed of scintillator cells arrayed in 8 row—8 column matrix. The scintillator cell produces scintillation light corresponding to the radiation absorbed thereby. The optical characteristic of a partition material for separating neighboring scintillator cells, which faces at least one same side face is different between a scintillator cell Ck1,m,n included in one scintillator array layer (k1-th layer) and a scintillator cell Ck2,m,n included in the other scintillator array layer (k2-th layer).

Abstract: A Compton Deconvolution Camera (CDC) comprises multiple detection layers, position sensing logic to determine positions of events in each detection layer, a coincidence detector to detect pairs of coincident events resulting from Compton scattering, and processing logic. For each of multiple subsets of one of the detection layers, the processing logic associates data representing detected events with a distribution of corresponding events in another detection layer. The processing logic applies a deconvolution function to localize probable source locations of incident photons, computes probable Compton scattering angles for event pairs, and uses the probable source locations to reconstruct an image. Each of the detection layers may comprise an array of solid-state ionization detectors, or a scintillator and an array of solid-state photodetectors.

Abstract: An X-ray detector module (1) is provided, in which a preferably metallic carrier (3) forms tubular cells (4) in which there is provided a mixture of a binder (7) and scintillator particles (6). The absorption of X-rays by the scintillator particles (6) gives rise to the emission of light of a longer wavelength (&lgr;1, &lgr;2) that can be detected by a detector (5) arranged at the far end of the cells (4). In order to keep the light yield as high as possible, a difference of less than 20% is pursued between the refractive indices of the binder (7) and the scintillator particles (6) and/or nano-crystalline scintillator particles (6) of a size of between 1 and 100 nm are used. Preferably, the cell walls (3, 3′) are extended in the direction of incidence of the X-rays in order to form an anti-scatter grid above the detector.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for efficiently and cost effectively determining an accurate depth of interaction for a crystal that may be used for correcting parallax error and repositioning LORs for more clear and accurate imaging. The present invention is directed to a detector assembly having a thin sensor (e.g., APD) deployed in front of the detector (the side where the radioactive source is located and the photon is arriving to hit the detector) and a second sensor (APD or photomultiplier) on the opposite side of the detector. The light captured by the two interior and exterior sensors which is proportional to the energy of the incident photon and to the distance where the photon was absorbed by the detector with respect to the location of the two sensors, is converted into an electrical signal and interpolated for finding the distance from the two sensors which is proportional to the location where the photon hit the detector.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detector for a CT system. The detector includes a scintillator with built-in gain for receiving and converting high frequency electromagnetic energy to light. Each scintillator is formed of a scintillating material and an optically stimulated material. The components may be intermixed with one another to form a single composite structure or formed into layers to form a single layered structure. The scintillator may be incorporated into the detector array of any CT system including medical diagnostic systems and package/baggage inspection systems.

Abstract: A grid array adapted to receive a plurality of scintillators for use in association with an imaging device. The grid array is highly reflective such that location of the impingement of radiation upon an individual scintillator detector is accurately determinable. The grid array allows an air gap between each scintillator and the reflector material, as well as provides a highly reflective medium that produces sufficient light output while controlling cross-talk between the discrete scintillator elements. The grid array defines an M×N array of scintillator element cells. The grid array is manufactured using a conventional method such as injection molding. The grid array is fabricated from a highly reflective material. The scintillator elements are each cut to size and then inserted such that a uniform, flat surface to be achieved. In one embodiment, a bottom wall is be defined by each of the scintillator element cells.

Abstract: A gamma ray camera A includes a crystal array S which includes a plurality of pixels 4 each of which outputs a pixel signal in response to receiving a gamma ray. A first circuit (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 22) outputs for each pixel 4 of the crystal array S, when a pixel signal output by the pixel 4 has a predetermined relation to a reference signal, a threshold signal related to the position of the pixel 4 in the crystal array S. A second circuit (18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32) outputs a counter value for each pixel signal having a predetermined relation to its threshold signal. Lastly, a third circuit 34 accumulates for each pixel 4 of the crystal array S a count of the counter values output by the second circuit (18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32) for the pixel 4.