Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting radiation are generally described. The radiation detector comprises at least one semiconductor material, such as a thallium halide, that provides an electrical signal and optical signal upon exposure to a source of radiation. The electrical signal and optical signal may both be measured to detect the radiation.

Abstract: A radiometric measuring device for determining an intensity of pulses of an interference signal from an external radiation source, wherein the radiometric measuring device carries out fill level or limit level determination of a filling material in a container. The radiometric measuring device has a detector which is configured to receive pulses of a useful signal modulated with a modulation frequency from a gamma emitter and additionally pulses of the interference signal from the external radiation source. Further, the measuring device comprises an averager configured to output a first count rate of the pulses at an averager output, and a bandpass system comprising a bandpass with adjustable passband frequency range configured to output a second count rate of the pulses at a bandpass system output. The measuring device further comprises a subtractor adapted to form a differential count rate between the first count rate and the second count rate.

Abstract: An infusion system may include a strontium-rubidium radioisotope generator that generates a radioactive eluate via elution, a beta detector, a gamma detector, and a controller. The beta detector and the gamma detector may be positioned to measure beta emissions and gamma emissions, respectively, emitted from the radioactive eluate. In some examples, the controller is configured to determine an activity of rubidium in the radioactive eluate based on the beta emissions measured by the beta detector and determine an activity of strontium in the radioactive eluate based on the gamma emissions measured by the gamma detector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a calibration method for a gamma ray detector (100) including a pixelated scintillator array (110) for emitting scintillation photons at photo conversion positions (94) in response to incident gamma rays (90), and a pixelated photodetector array (120) for determining a spatial intensity distribution of the scintillation photons. The present invention bases on the idea that using the concept of optical light sharing of scintillation photons, which are emitted in one element, i.e., one scintillator pixel (112) of the scintillator array (110) and distributed over multiple photodetector pixels (122) of the pixelated photodetector army (120), allows obtaining an estimate for the time skew between adjacent photodetector pixels (122). The present invention further relates to a calibration module (200) for a gamma ray detector (100) including a recorder (210) and a processing module (220) for performing the function of the above-explained method.

Abstract: A system and method include an array of sensors electrically coupled to a material capable of converting a gamma ray to electrical charge, where distances between a center of a first sensor and centers of each sensor immediately-adjacent to the first sensor are substantially equal. Signals are collected from each sensor immediately-adjacent to the first sensor, and one of a plurality of logical sub-pixels of the first sensor is determined based on the signals collected from each sensor immediately-adjacent to the first sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a flexible display module and a method for manufacturing the flexible display module. The flexible display module includes a flexible display panel, a driving chip and a circuit board. The flexible display panel includes a display region and a bonding region, and the driving chip and the circuit board are arranged at the bonding region. The circuit board includes a first flexible printed circuit and a first printed circuit board provided with an electronic element, the first printed circuit board is coupled to one end of the first flexible printed circuit, and the first flexible printed circuit includes a bonded portion coupled to the bonding region of the flexible display panel. The first flexible printed circuit is bent so that a first space is defined by the first flexible printed circuit, the first printed circuit board and the flexible display panel.

Abstract: A pulse shaping circuit for a spectrometer comprises a circuit input terminal for receiving detector pulses from an analog ion detector, a flip-flop for receiving detector pulses from the circuit input terminal, a delay unit for receiving output pulses from the flip-flop and feeding delayed output pulses to a reset input terminal of said flip-flop, and a circuit output terminal for supplying the output pulses or the delayed output pulses to a counter. The duration of the output pulses and the minimum duration of the interval between the output pulses is determined by the delay unit. The pulse shaping circuit may comprise at least one Schmitt trigger.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a positron emission tomography (PET) system and an image reconstruction method thereof. The PET system may include a plurality of annular detector units arranged along an axial direction. Each of the detector units may generate a plurality of single event counts. The PET system may further include a plurality of coincidence logic circuits connected to one or more of the detector units. The coincidence logic circuits may be configured to count coincidence events. Single event data generated by each of the detector units may be transmitted to the corresponding coincidence logic circuit. The plurality of coincidence logic circuits may synchronically generate coincidence counts relating to the plurality of detector units.

Abstract: A radiation diagnostic device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a first detector, a second detector, and processing circuitry. The first detector detects Cherenkov light that is generated when radiation passes. The second detector is disposed to be opposed to the first detector on a side distant from a generation source of the radiation, and detects energy information of the radiation. The processing circuitry specifies Compton scattering events detected by the second detector, and determines an event corresponding to an incident channel among the specified Compton scattering events based on a detection result obtained by the first detector.

Abstract: Various techniques are disclosed for encoding and communicating detection results. In one example, a device includes a detector configured to capture measurement data in response to an external source. The device further includes one or more processors. The detection device further includes one or more memories including instructions stored therein, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations. The operations include analyzing the measurement data to generate detection results. The operations further include generating a quick response (QR) code encoding at least a portion the detection results. The operations further include providing the QR code for access by an external device. Additional devices and related methods are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic system for resetting the voltage of a charge-sensitive pre-amplifier having input from an X-ray detector and output to an ADC. The pre-amplifier gain is increased so that the RMS ADC noise is less than 1% of a representative digitized X-ray signal. The reset logic is configured to avoid loss of X-ray counts and to prevent the pre-amplifier output being outside the allowable input range of the ADC. Reset is initiated when the pre-amplifier output rises above an upper level, which is below the maximum allowable ADC input. Reset is also initiated when a pile-up event is detected, provided that such reset will not cause the pre-amplifier output to fall below the minimum allowable ADC input. At each reset a known amount of charge is removed from the pre-amplifier, and the reset time is continuously adjusted to ensure that the charge amount does not drift.

Abstract: A radiation monitoring device 1 includes a scintillator portion 10 which emits light whose intensity depends on a dose of incident radiation, an optical fiber 20 which transmits photons generated in the scintillator portion 10, a photoelectric converter 30 which converts photons transmitted by the optical fiber 20 to electric signals, a signal counter 40 which counts each of electric signals after being converted by the photoelectric converter 30 with a certain dead time adjusted relative to time width of an irradiation pulse of radiation, a dose calculation unit 50 which calculates a dose from a signal count value counted by the signal counter 40, and a display unit 60 which displays a result of measurement calculated by the dose calculation unit 50.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer software are disclosed for determining a shape of a radiation field generated by a radiation delivery system through the use of a scintillator and a camera that is configured to acquire images of light emitted by the scintillator during delivery of a radiation beam. A support structure may be mounted to the radiation delivery system and the scintillator and camera may be fixed to the support structure such that the scintillator is not perpendicular to the axis of the radiation beam. An edge detection algorithm may be applied to radiation patterns present in the camera images in order to determine the location of an edge of a leaf of a multi-leaf collimator.

Abstract: A virtual/augmented reality head-mounted display system and method with means to correct optical aberrations is disclosed. The system includes the initial profiling of the head-mounted display system and eye-tracking means.

Abstract: An imaging panel includes a photoelectric conversion layer. The surface of the photoelectric conversion layer is partly covered with an inorganic insulating film having a first opening above the photoelectric conversion layer. An organic insulating film having a second opening having a larger opening width than the first opening is disposed on the inorganic insulating film. A surface of the inorganic insulating film that is not covered with the organic insulating film is covered with the protection film at the inside of the second opening. The etching rate of the protection film upon etching with an etchant containing an acid is equal to or higher than that of the inorganic insulating film. The surface of the photoelectric conversion layer at the first opening and the surface of the protection film are covered with an electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pixel array panel for a digital X-ray detector, the pixel array panel including a plurality of pixel regions, wherein the pixel array panel includes: a first electrode corresponding to each pixel region; a plurality of PIN (P-type/I-type/N-type semiconductors) layers disposed on the first electrode and arranged in a matrix form; and a second electrode disposed on each PIN layer.

Abstract: A method for altering paths of optical photons that pass through a scintillator. The scintillator includes a plurality of vertical sides. The method includes forming a reflective belt inside the scintillator by creating a portion of the reflective belt inside the scintillator on a vertical plane parallel with a vertical side of the plurality of vertical sides. Creating the portion of the reflective belt includes generating a plurality of defects on the vertical plane.

Abstract: A device and process in which a single continuous depositional layer of a polycrystalline photoactive material is deposited on an integrated charge storage, amplification, and readout circuit with an irregular surface wherein the polycrystalline photoactive material is comprised of a II-VI semiconductor compound or alloys of II-VI compounds.

Abstract: A method for determining an abnormality score map for Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) gamma camera flood analysis includes extracting a plurality of image patches from an input flood image and generating a feature vector for each image patch. A per-patch abnormality score is generated for each feature vector by comparing the feature vector against a normal flood feature dictionary comprising one or more normal flood feature vectors generated using a plurality of normal flood images. Then, an abnormality score map may be generated to depict the per-patch abnormality scores for the input flood image.

Abstract: A method is for positioning a positionable table for a patient inside a medical imaging device. In an embodiment, the method includes a determination of a table position as a function of an organ or body part of the patient for examination; an ascertainment of correction data for correcting the table position; a determination of a corrected table position based on the ascertained correction data; and a positioning of the table at the corrected table position.

Abstract: The method and device to ensure the safety of people's life and health is based on the measurements of an intensity of spontaneous electromagnetic radiation caused by a deformation from a structure or a device, a nucleation and a growth of plant cells and living organisms; calculating an energy stored in a portion of a structure or cells based on the measured intensity; performing a comparison of the energy stored in the portion of the structure with a critical value for the structure and pathological changes in the cells; and indicate a potential failure of the structure or the level of pathological changes based on the performed comparison.

Abstract: Radiation imaging apparatus includes pixel array having pixels, readout circuit for reading signals from the pixel array, and detector for detecting, based on radiation emitted from radiation source or information provided from the radiation source, start of radiation irradiation by the radiation source, and controller for determining timing of each of operations of sample and hold in each of the pixels each time the start of radiation irradiation is detected by the detector. The timing of at least one operation of the operations is timing in radiation irradiation period, and each of the pixels includes convertor for converting radiation into electrical signal, and sample and hold circuit for sample-holding the signal from the conversion element over plural times in accordance with the timing of each of the operations determined by the controller.

Abstract: Measuring in a first semiconductor crystal two anode channels and two cathode channels and measuring in a second semiconductor crystal one anode channel and one cathode channel; responsive to an energy of a sum of the two anode channels being within an energy window and an energy of the one anode channel being within the energy window: separating the two anode channels and the two cathode channels into combinations of anode-cathode channel pairs; for each of the anode-cathode channel pairs, determining a respective direction difference angle, each respective direction difference angle being determined via use of the one anode channel and one cathode channel; determining a determined one of the direction difference angles that has a smallest value; and setting as an initial interaction position of a photon a selected one of the anode-cathode channel pairs that corresponds to the determined direction difference angle. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A device and process in which a single continuous depositional layer of a polycrystalline photoactive material is deposited on an integrated charge storage, amplification, and readout circuit with a surface exhibiting a periodic pattern of a prescribed size wherein the polycrystalline photoactive material is comprised of a II-VI semiconductor compound or alloys of II-VI compounds.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for using a multi-layer multi-color scintillation based detector element to image a tumor of a patient using a process of determining residual energies of positively charged particles after passing through the patient, the process comprising the steps of: (1) transmitting the positively charged particles at known energies through the patient and into a multi-layer detector element; (2) detecting first and second secondary photons, resultant from passage of the positively charged particles, respectively from a first layer of a first scintillation material and a second layer of a second scintillation material at two respective layer depths, where the first wavelength range differs from the second wavelength range; (4) determining residual energies of the positively charged particles, using output from the step of detecting; and (5) relating the residual energies to body densities to generate an image.

Abstract: Provided is a device for spectrometry of a radiation of photons, including a detector configured to receive the radiation and to deliver, at an output, an electrical signal that is a function of the radiation (X) received, a reference database that can be parameterised by means of a first parameter, a comparator configured to establish a comparison between the electrical signal and the reference signal, the comparator delivering a signal (E(t)) representative of the energy of each photon of the radiation and a quality factor (B(t)) of the comparison, and a feedback loop enabling the first parameter of the reference database to be adapted so as to optimise the quality factor (B(t)).

Abstract: In a console according to an embodiment, a control unit functions as a generation unit that generates a tomographic image from a plurality of projection images, which have been captured by a radiation detector at each of a plurality of imaging positions with different irradiation angles, with radiation sequentially emitted from each of the plurality of imaging positions, using a reconstruction process. In addition, the control unit functions as a derivation unit that derives the degree of enhancement as a parameter value used in a frequency enhancement process which is an example of image processing for a tomographic image, on the basis of the image analysis result of a projection image corresponding to an irradiation angle of 0 degrees.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an insert system for performing positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The insert system can be reversibly installed to an existing system, such that PET functionality can be introduced into the existing system without the need to significantly modify the existing system. The present disclosure also relates to a multi-modality imaging system capable for conducting both PET imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The PET and MRI imaging can be performed simultaneously or sequentially, while the performance of neither imaging modality is compromised for the operation of the other imaging modality.

Abstract: The present application provides a pixel sensing module comprising a pixel light-sensing unit, receiving light at a light receiving side and outputting a pixel value, the pixel light-sensing unit comprising a plurality of sub-pixel light-sensing components configured to output a plurality of sub-pixel values; and an integrating unit, coupled to the pixel light-sensing unit configured to output the pixel value according to the plurality of sub-pixel values; and a collimating unit having a plurality of openings, wherein the plurality of openings are aligned with an area of the pixel light-sensing unit, and projections of the plurality of openings onto the light receiving side lie within the area of the pixel light-sensing unit at the light receiving side.

Abstract: The present invention identifies ? decay and other events included in the emission of an LaBr3 scintillator and only collects ? ray events. An LaBr3 scintillation detector is provided with an LaBr3 scintillator 10, a photomultiplier tube 12, an oscilloscope 14, and a computer 18. The computer 18 detects a peak value Vp and a total charge amount Qtotal of a voltage waveform signal and calculates an error propagation expression function for a ratio of the peak value Vp to the total charge amount Qtotal. This error propagation expression function is used as a threshold function for identifying and removing ? decay events. The ? decay events are identified from the peak value Vp and total charge amount Qtotal, which are measurement values that can be measured in real time.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for using a multi-layer multi-color scintillation based detector element to image a tumor of a patient using a process of determining residual energies of positively charged particles after passing through the patient, the process comprising the steps of: (1) transmitting the positively charged particles at known energies through the patient and into a multi-layer detector element; (2) detecting first and second secondary photons, resultant from passage of the positively charged particles, respectively from a first layer of a first scintillation material and a second layer of a second scintillation material at two respective layer depths, where the first wavelength range differs from the second wavelength range; (4) determining residual energies of the positively charged particles, using output from the step of detecting; and (5) relating the residual energies to body densities to generate an image.

Abstract: A transmissive ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system includes an enclosure structure including an entrance window and an exit window to an incident ionizing-radiation beam, where the entrance window and the exit window are highly transmissive. The system further includes a thin scintillator within the enclosure structure that is directly in an incident ionizing-radiation beam path and transmissive to the incident radiation beam and an ultraviolet (“UV”) illumination source within the enclosure structure facing the scintillator for internal system calibration. Embodiments further include a UV photosensor within the enclosure structure positioned to monitor and calibrate the UV illumination source and a machine vision camera within the enclosure structure that includes a lens which views the scintillator through a close proximity mirror including a folded optical axis system located to a side of the scintillator.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus according to the present invention includes a substrate including a plurality of pixel circuits arranged thereon and a semiconductor layer disposed on the substrate. Each of the plurality of pixel circuits includes an amplification transistor configured to output a signal based on charge generated in the semiconductor layer. The charge generated in the semiconductor layer is transferred in a first direction parallel to a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An image pickup device according to an embodiment includes a substrate on which a plurality of pixel circuits are disposed, a semiconductor layer disposed on the substrate, a first electrode disposed on the semiconductor layer, and a second electrode disposed between the semiconductor layer and the substrate. A continuous portion of the semiconductor layer includes a light receiving region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and a charge hold region different from the light receiving region.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises a scintillator configured to convert radiation into light, a sensor panel in which a plurality of pixels each comprising a light detector configured to detect the light is arranged, and a processing unit. The processing unit comprises a conversion unit configured to output a detection signal in accordance with a signal generated in the light detector by the incident light and radiation that has transmitted through the scintillator without being converted into light, and a reset control unit configured to determine that the light detector detects the transmitted radiation based on a magnitude of the detection signal and reset the conversion unit if the light detector is determined to detect the transmitted radiation.

Abstract: A neutron detector that indicates the direction toward a neutron source. The detector is a proton-recoil type of detector, in which two different scintillators are positioned on both sides of a hydrogenous target. Proton recoil signals from the two scintillators indicate whether neutrons arrive from the left, right, or center relative to the detector alignment. Surprisingly high precision can be obtained by orienting the detector so that the counting rates in the two scintillators are equal, at which point the target layer is directly aligned with the source. Disclosed are thick and thin target configurations, versions for discriminating pulses from the two scintillators, options for assembling a multi-detector stack and array, and multiple analysis procedures for optimally locating the neutron source.

Abstract: A method for recovering scintillation pulse information. The method comprises the steps: obtaining a scintillation pulse database of unstacked compliance single-events in a low count, and establishing a noise model of a scintillation pulse for the scintillation pulse database of the single-events; calculating a posterior probability logarithm value of a specific energy value according to the noise model of the scintillation pulse; and repeatedly calling the second step by means of calculations, and obtaining an energy value meeting a maximum posterior probability condition. A system for recovering scintillation pulse information. The system comprises a fluctuation model module, a posterior probability module, and an energy value search module.

Abstract: A scintillation light detecting device distinguishes between signals from scintillator elements. The device includes a scintillator array. In the scintillator array, the scintillator elements have mutually different decay time constants for emitted light generated as a result of an incident radiation event. A photomultiplier tube that receives light output from the scintillator elements and converts the light into an electrical signal. In relation to the event, an arithmetic processing device detects a peak value and an integrated charge quantity in a voltage waveform of the electrical signal from the photomultiplier tube, and identifies the scintillator element in the scintillator array to which the electrical signal, resulting from the incidence of radiation onto the scintillator element, is attributable, in accordance with a ratio between the detected peak value and integrated electric charge quantity.

Abstract: A scintillator panel includes: a substrate that includes a principal surface and has transparency to the scintillation light; a scintillator layer that is disposed on the principal surface; a frame member that is disposed on the principal surface so as to surround the scintillator layer when viewed in a direction intersecting the principal surface; a protective layer that is disposed on the principal surface and the scintillator layer and is fixed to the frame member so as to seal the scintillator layer; a sheet-shaped optical functional layer that is disposed between the scintillator layer and the protective layer; and an elastic member that is interposed between the optical functional layer and the protective layer and is elastically deformed.

Abstract: A detection panel and a detection apparatus are provided. The detection panel includes: a cesium iodide scintillator layer, which is not doped with thallium; and a photoelectric detector, which is arranged on a light emission side of the cesium iodide scintillator layer and includes a semiconductor layer; a forbidden band width of a material for forming the semiconductor layer is greater than or equal to 2.3 eV.

Abstract: A radiation image detection panel includes: a scintillator layer formed of columnar crystals; an optical coupling layer; and a planar light receiving element, wherein a material constituting the optical coupling layer has a storage elastic modulus of 1×107 Pa or more at 0 to 40° C.

Abstract: An autonomous anti-pollution liquid container for isotope analysis of earth science area, consisting of an outer protective sleeve (1), a liquid storage main body part (2), a stabilizer storage mechanism (3), a main body base part (4), a control display part (5), a main body inner cover mechanism (6) and a neutralizer storage and releasing mechanism (7). The autonomous anti-pollution liquid container for isotope analyzing of earth science area has multiple functions of heating, refrigerating, heat preservation and the like, can monitor temperature and liquid amount in real time, and can autonomously operate to quickly neutralize and scrap a hazardous chemical agent in an emergency, thereby avoiding leakage of a hazardous article and environmental pollution, and making a logistics process safe and reliable.

Abstract: A medical imaging system is provided. Imaging detector columns are installed in a gantry to receive imaging information about a subject. Imaging detector columns can extend and retract radially as well as be rotated orbitally around the gantry. The system can automatically adjust setup configuration and an imaging operation based on subject shape estimation information.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a detection assembly for detecting radiation emitted by radionuclides present within an animal. The detection assembly includes a housing having one or more walls defining a chamber. The detection assembly also includes a cover removably positioned over the top end of the housing, with the cover being configured for receipt of the animal. Furthermore, the detection assembly includes a radiation sensor positioned within the chamber. The radiation sensor is configured to detect the radiation emitted by the radionuclides present within the animal. Additionally, the detection assembly includes a shield positioned around a first portion of the radiation sensor, with the shield being configured to at least partially shield the radiation sensor from environmental radiation. A second portion of the radiation sensor is unshielded to permit the radiation sensor to receive radiation emitted by the radionuclides present within the animal.

Abstract: A method for detecting a contamination of a cuvette of a turbidimeter. The turbidimeter includes a light source which emits a light beam directed to a cuvette, a scattering light detector, and a diffuser with a body and an actuator. The actuator moves the body between a parking position and a test position where the body is between the measurement light source and the cuvette, thereby interferes with the light beam, and generates a diffuse test light entering the cuvette. The method includes activating the actuator to move the body from the parking position into the test position, activating the light source, measuring a test light intensity received by the scattering light detector, comparing the test light intensity measured with a reference light intensity, and generating a contamination signal if a difference between a reference light intensity and the test light intensity measured exceeds a first threshold value.

Abstract: Technologies are described for methods and systems effective to detect photon receiving events. A first comparator may compare a magnitude of a photon signal to a first threshold voltage to produce a first output. A second comparator may compare the magnitude of the photon signal to a second threshold voltage to produce a second output. A counter control circuit may increment a second counter in response to a determination that the magnitude of a first peak of the photon signal exceeds and then falls below the second threshold voltage. The counter control circuit may prevent a third counter from incrementing in response to a second peak of the photon signal. The counter control circuit may increment the first counter in response to the magnitude of the signal exceeding and then falling below the first threshold voltage. The first counter may be associated with a number of photon receiving events detected.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus acquires a radiation image from radiation detected by a radiation detection unit, corrects a first pixel that is a correction target in the radiation image by referring to a second pixel other than the first pixel, calculates an evaluation value that evaluates an increase in a noise level caused by correcting the first pixel, and performs processing of reducing the noise level for the first pixel after the correction based on the calculated evaluation value.

Abstract: A SiPM readout circuit includes a front-end circuit having amplifiers coupled to SiPM analog outputs, pixel readout channels coupled to amplifiers provide a timing signal representing gamma ray photon detection in individual SiPM, a block timing channel that creates a summed signal from all SiPMs, and generates a block timing signal and a validation signal, an energy channel that generates a summed energy signal and a two-dimensional position of the gamma ray photon detection in the block, and a control logic/processing circuit that performs a time stamp estimation method. Methods of determining the radiation event timing and a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer-readable instructions to implement the methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A thermo-compression head, a soldering system, and a LED tube lamp are disclosed. The thermo-compression head includes a bonding plane, a restraining plane, one or more concave guiding tank, and one or more concave molding tank. The bonding plane is for touching a second object. The restraining plane is adjacent to the bonding plane for touching a first object soldered to the second object. The concave guiding tank is formed on the bonding plane. An end of the concave guiding tank is opened near an edge of the bonding plane while an opposite end of the concave guiding tank is closed. The concave molding tank is formed on the restraining plane and positioned beside the concave guiding tank. The concave molding tank communicates with the concave guiding tank via the open end of the concave guiding tank.

Abstract: Three semiconductor detectors are installed at positions where incidence of radiation on a scintillation detector is not blocked, at equal intervals centered on a central axis of the scintillation detector and at equal angles with respect to a plane which is at a right angle to the central axis. An energy compensation factor is determined on the basis of an average pulse height value obtained from a second pulse height spectrum obtained by analog voltage pulses which are output from these semiconductor detectors, and energy characteristics of a high-range dose rate obtained by a direct-current voltage which is output from the scintillation detector are compensated for.