Abstract: A sanitation apparatus of this invention is arranged such that a far-infrared ray emitting member (5) made of ceramics, metal oxide or the like is provided to emit far-infrared rays to prevent proliferation of bacteria or to sterilize objects (1, 11, 12, 15, 19) to be kept in a sanitized condition, wherein the far-infrared ray emitting member is heated to emit far-infrared rays which irradiate the object so that proliferation of bacteria is prevented or bacteria is sterilized, and in which a temperature of the far-infrared ray emitting member is kept in a range of about 30.degree. C. to 60.degree. C. so as to prevent a temperature of the object from being increased too much. Thus, the apparatus can be made compact in size and inexpensive, and heating energy can be saved.

Abstract: A series of staggered baffles defines a serpentine flow path consisting of a number of segments through the oxidation chamber. Within each segment, a group of high intensity ultraviolet lamps is mounted, and a reagent inlet is provided at the upstream end of each segment, thereby permitting the processing of a liquid containing a hazardous compound through a sequence of chemical reactions carried out in the presence of intense ultraviolet radiation within the various segments of the flow path. Within each segment a different reagent may be used along with a different intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: A thin sample on a surface such as a tissue specimen on a microscope slide is exposed to treatment liquid such as a stain, antibody of nucleic acid probe. The treatment is accelerated by exposing the treatment liquid on the surface to infrared radiation. A device is disclosed for placing such slides into a treatment chamber, for example as a plurality of slide pairs held vertically, with treatment liquid held in capillary gaps between each slide pair. An infrared radiation source provides radiation into the treatment chamber to accelerate the treatment of samples on such slide (on one or both surfaces facing each capillary gap) by the treatment liquid.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for monitoring liquids ischarged intermittently from a discharge receptacle having a siphon. The liquids originate in a facility in which personnel work with open radioactive substances. Measurements are made of the radioactive charge of discharged liquids in the region of the siphon of each discharge receptacle to prevent contamination of the discharge path into the drainage system. If a radioactive limit value of radiation is detected which is above a specific threshold, discharge of the liquid into the drainage network is prevented. The discharge receptacles are then emptied individually and upwardly.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved photochemical reactor useful for the isotopic enrichment of a predetermined isotope of mercury, especially, .sup.196 Hg. Specifically, two axi-symmetrical flow reactors were constructed according to the teachings of the present invention. These reactors improve the mixing of the reactants during the photochemical enrichment process, affording higher yields of the desired .sup.196 Hg product. Measurements of the variation of yield (Y) and enrichment factor (E) along the flow axis of these reactors indicates very substantial improvement in process uniformity compared to previously used photochemical reactor systems. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photoreactor system was built such that the reactor chamber was removable from the system without disturbing the location of either the photochemical lamp or the filter employed therewith.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a stereolithographic apparatus and method having a liquid organic phase and a fluid phase separated by a membrane that inhibits contact between the phases.

Abstract: A fluid purification device including an inverted U-shape frame whose legs support a plurality of lamp assemblies each including an ultraviolet lamp received in a protective sleeve. One of the legs is hollow and receives lead wires connected to the lamps through openings spaced along the leg. The protective sleeves at one of their ends are resiliently mounted to the hollow leg at the openings, and seals are provided to prevent fluid from entering into the hollow leg and the protective sleeve. The other ends of the protective sleeves are closed and held in receptacles in the other frame leg which is formed by two plates fixed to each other. "O" rings provided along the other leg receive the protective sleeves to provide flexible seats. An electrical ballast controlling voltage and amperage at the lamps is incorporated in the frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ozone generating apparatus most suitable for use for a water quality improving apparatus by which the amount of oxygen dissolved in water is increased, and chlorine or carcinogenic noxious substances such as trihalomethanes contained in city water are decomposed.In the present invention, a ultraviolet generating means is formed in a container body, a pipe member is arranged to extend through said container body, and a part of the pipe member that is located in said container body is formed with a plurality of hole members thereby allowing the ozone generated by the ultraviolet generating means to be sucked through the hole members and to be transported.Projections for reducing the pipe cross sectional area are formed on the inner wall of the pipe member adjacent to the holes to extend in the direction from the connection of the pipe member with a gas supplying means toward the hole members, so that the sucking force of ozone can be improved.

Abstract: One or more components are determined in a sample by bringing said sample, which can be a liquid or a gas, into contact with a medium for adsorbing or taking up the components in question. A light beam is led via an optical cable through the medium containing the adsorbed or taken-up compound sought for, is reflected against a reflector material back through the medium, and the emitted light beam is detected. In enzymatic reactions, inter alia, a membrane can be utilized between sample solution and reagent, said membrane enabling the actual component to diffund through the membrane and react with enzyme, avoiding thereby the measurements to be disturbed by strong coloration and/or a high content of impurities in the sample solution. The membrane thereby serves as a reflector material for the light beam.

Abstract: Device to permanently link a metal joining piece and a composite material tube, to a tube subjected to static pressure up to 150 MPa. The assembly consists of a metal part constituting a sealing (8) and joining (7) piece with a collar (2), onto which the composite material (1) is attached. A tubular anti-abrasion and anti-corrosion (6) sleeve, flush-mounted in the metal joining piece and protected by a ring (9) at its end ensures total isolation of the composite/metal joint from corrosive fluids which may be flowing through the tube. In particular, the application of the device to oil industry sensors.

Abstract: A radon progeny detector for measuring the concentration of attached and unattached fractions in an atmosphere. A laminar flow of air is drawn sequentially through a diffusion screen and a particle trap. Unattached progeny having a particle size of 10 nm or less are captured upon the mesh of the diffusion screen. Attached progeny pass into the trap where the attached progeny are captured by a filter. Radiation detecting strips for recording radiation from alpha and beta particles emitted by the progeny are mounted on both sides of the diffusion screen and adjacent the particle trap to record the concentrations of both fractions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous determination of gas-carried alpha activity caused by the decay of thorium, uranium, plutonium and their decay products. In this method, the gas-carried alpha activity from the decay chains of radon 220 and/or radon 222 is subtracted from the total gas-carried alpha activity. The alpha activity from radon 220 and/or radon 222 is measured after an absorber which only transmits the alpha rays of polonium 212 or of polonium 212 and polonium 214.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for irradiating liquid or gases by means of UV-light, consisting of a tubular body through which the medium to be irradiated flows, and at lest two UV-light sources with reflectors arranged externally to the tubular body and having parallel axes. The UV-light sources are flat radiators facing the tubular body with their narrow sides.

Abstract: An air sterilizing apparatus includes an enclosed housing which accommodates radiant sterilizing tubes carried by a holder capable of moving out of the housing or retracting thereinto by means of a moving mechanism. When the holder is moved out, the radiant sterilizing tubes thus exposed sterilize the external air surrounding the housing. When the holder is moved back into the housing, the radiant sterilizing tubes sterilize the air drawn into the enclosed housing through an inlet, after which the sterilized air is discharged through an outlet of the housing.

Abstract: A liquid purification system comprising a housing with inlet and outlet for the flow of the liquid to be purified. A source of ultraviolet is mounted within the housing surrounded by a sleeve of ultraviolet-transmissive material such as quartz. A rod mounted for reciprocal movement is mounted in the housing and extends out of the housing. On the rod is mounted wiper assemblies each one of which consists of tear-shaped plate to surround the sleeve, a washer of suitable material on the plate to make contact with the sleeve for wiping the outer surface of the sleeve as the rod is reciprocated, and a securing device to hold the washer in place. Pins with press-on nuts are employed to sandwich each wiper assembly together.

Abstract: A device for irradiating liquids including a hollow tube capable of transmitting selected wavelengths of light, a drive motor connected to rotate the tube at a desired speed, a support associated with the tube to permit rotation thereof, one or more elongated light producing lamps exteriorly positioned about the tube, the lamps producing light capable of transmission through the cylinder without undue attenuation, a support for the exterior lamps, one or more elongated light producing lamps interiorly positioned about the tube, and a support for the interior lamps.

Abstract: A sanitary device, wherein elements (6) for emitting rays of light which can prevent proliferation of bacteria are disposed in relation to objects (1, 14, 17 and 31) which are to be maintained in a sanitary condition can make it possible, by irradiating the objects by means of the elements to prevent bacteria from proliferating, to maintain efficiently objects, which should be kept in a sanitary state, in the sanitary condition. When compared with the use of an ultraviolet lamp, this device requires less space and has better efficiency and a lifetime of more than ten times that of the lamp.

Abstract: A method of disinfecting waste water wherein ultraviolet light producing lamps are positioned in lamp modules and contained within quartz lamps jackets and wherein the modules are positioned within a flow of water including removing particulates and films for the lamp jackets wherein one or more of the modules from the flow are removed, transported and inserted into a tank containing a lamp jacket cleaning agent.The invention further includes a cleaning system for removing particulates and films from lamp jackets consisting of a channel through which waste water to be cleaned passes, one or more modules positioned in the channel, the modules containing one or more ultraviolet light producing lamps, each lamp sealed from direct contact with the water by surrounding quartz jackets, the lamps being spaced apart to permit the water to flow there between to expose the water and ultraviolet light rays.

Abstract: An oxidation chamber for use in the treatment of organically contaminated water and waste liquids includes a lamp seal assembly that accommodates the thermal expansion of an ultraviolet lamp while at the same time protecting the lamp from direct contact with the liquid being treated. The lamp seal assembly facilitates replacement of burned out lamps and cleaning of the protective tube that surrounds the lamp. In another aspect of the invention, a specially designed family of baffles and distributors are provided so that the chamber can accommodate a wide range of flow rates simply by replacing one set of distributors by a different set of distributors.

Abstract: An ion source of the triode type is provided having a single ionization chamber, high frequency excitation and magnetic confinement of the multipole type, comprising: a single ionization chamber; an amagnetic cathode forming a capacitor plate and cooled by the flow of a fluid; an amagnetic anode forming at least a part of the wall of the ionization chamber; a circuit for applying a high frequency AC voltage between the cathode and the anode; a third electrode; an arrangement for biasing the third electrode independently with respect to the cathode-anode assembly; a system of alternate magnetic poles adapted for creating a multimirror magnetic configuration about the anode; a gas injection arrangement for injecting at least one gas to be ionized into the chamber; at least one orifice for discharging the gases from the chamber; and a controlled pump for exhausting gases out of the chamber through said at least one orifice.

Abstract: A flow cell for liquid scintillation counting having a spool wound with a length of light transparent tubing provides a variable volume of sample solution for analysis by selectively winding the spool with a select length of tubing, thus controlling sensitivity of anaysis and maintaining resolution of separated constituents in the sample. The flow cell comprises a spool rotatably held within a framework and which may be covered with a transparent material.

Abstract: An apparatus for a selective on-line determination of aqueous tritium concentration is disclosed. A moist air stream of the liquid solution being analyzed is passed through a permeation dryer where the tritium and moisture and selectively removed to a purge air stream. The purge air stream is then analyzed for tritium concentration, humidity, and temperature, which allows computation of liquid tritium concentration.

Abstract: A method for the radiation of corporeal blood is described with which it is possible to prevent arteriosclerosis related heart and vascular diseases due to disturbances in the fat exchange, or to successfully fight such diseases, without exposing the blood to photosensibilators or without the necessity of additional corporeal activity, or a special diet. The apparatus is easily transportable, indepedent from electrical supply lines and may, for example, be operated from the energy obtained from a car battery. A radiation spectrum is used, which employs optical radiation types, which are available on the surface of the earth in nature, so that damages to the organism in principle are prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed is an X-ray exposure apparatus having a low attenuation chamber supplied with a gas absorbing little X-rays, the low attenuation chamber being interposed between an X-ray source and a mask so that X-rays transmitted through the low attenuation chamber are irradiated on the mask so as to transfer a mask pattern onto a resist on a wafer, the apparatus comprising detecting means for detecting the gas or components mixed in the gas in the low attenuation chamber, control means for controlling a quantity of supply of the gas into the low attenuation chamber in accordance with an output signal of the detecting means, and/or adjusting means for adjusting a quantity of exposure of said X-rays irradiated on the mask in accordance with an output signal of the detecting means.

Abstract: An improved photoionization detector has a sweep gas inlet which is used to introduce sweep gas near the window of the detector's ultraviolet lamp. The detector's chamber has a vent which allows selective removal of spurious analyte. The detector is adapted to have directly mounted on it, a second detector. Sweep gas used to keep analyte away from the window may be used as a reagent in the second detector. In addition, a means for regulating the ionization lamp voltage is disclosed which prolongs lamp life expectancy.

Abstract: An optical probe mounting device for the insertion end of a fluorescence measuring optical probe which facilitates mounting on a biological reactor vessel window fitting. The device consists of a rigid hollow cylinder sized to closely receive the probe and to closely slide within the interior of the fitting. A quartz window seals the insertion end of the cylinder to allow passage of ultraviolet light without attenuation. A flange is sealingly affixed to the cylinder which permits the cylinder to extend a predetermined distance into the vessel. An O-ring extends around the cylinder or a face seal is used on the rear flange of the well, thereby providing a seal upon insertion of the device into the fitting.

Abstract: Annular lasing apparatus. A plurality of combinations of substantially cylindrical optical components with appropriate laser gain materials are disclosed for generating approximately cylindrical substantially uniform regions of laser radiation suitable for the uniform irradiation of bulk materials for purposes of photochemical processing thereof. Superposition of contributions from the output of two or more laser oscillators having cylindrical optics were also found to provide adequate uniformity in a radiation volume of significant proportions thereby permitting the efficient utilization of laser radiation in a well-characterized irradiation region. Moreover, the use of cylindrical optics permits the radiation volume to be tailored to the particular requirements of the photochemical or photophysical material processing technology.

Abstract: Water purification apparatus includes a housing 10 which contains water purification materials. Liquid which has been purified can be extracted via a manually operable dispensing element 16 which is coupled to the main housing by a flexible conduit 14. The element 16 can be supported with its nozzle in a receptacle 17 in the housing 10 where it can be irradicated by ultra violet radiation.

Abstract: A portable container providing a means for the sterilization of drinking water by ultraviolet radiation. The container has a bottom housing serving as a reservoir for holding the water and a mating top housing containing the ultraviolet source. Powered by batteries the ultraviolet source provides efficient sterilization throughout the reservoir, the reservoir preferably having ultraviolet reflecting sidewalls.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for cleaning sulphur and nitrogen containing flue gases by adding gaseous reagents and by a reaction in a reaction chamber which the reactants pass through in the axial direction and are exposed to at least one electorn beam. The apparatus includes at least one reaction chamber and at least one electron beam source from which the electron beam is admitted into the reaction chamber through at least one pressure step zone. The electron beam source is structurally combined with the reaction chamber in such a manner that the axis of the pressure step stage runs parallel to the axis of the reaction chamber and that the electron beam can be rotationally deflected about this axis to traverse each surface element of a flow cross section of the reaction chamber running perpendicular to the axis at at least one position in the flow path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for radiation degradation processing of polytetrafluoroethylene makes use of a simultaneous irradiation, agitation and cooling. The apparatus is designed to make efficient use of radiation in the processing.

Abstract: In a sorption sheet (1) for sorbing a plurality of discrete samples that simultaneously emit photons or beta particles, the emission thereof to be individually monitored, barriers (2) of a photon and/or beta particle attenuating material extend through at least a portion of the thickness of the sheet (1) which is known per se, to prevent cross-talk between the samples when monitored. The barriers are produced by soaking a liquid photon and/or beta particle attenuating material in a pattern of lines through at least a portion of the thickness of the sheet, whereupon that material is dried and/or cured.

Abstract: Materials to be tested for resistance of immersion swelling, drying shrinkage, thermal expansion and thermal contraction under light exposure are placed on a mount on a rotating shaft which immerses the sample in water, heats and dries it, and exposes it to light before cooling it by again immersing it in water. The samples may be simultaneously exposed to air pollutants by adding gases to a corrosion resistant chamber enclosing the rotating shaft. The chamber enclosing the rotating samples is composed of a lower tank base and a cover fitting into a liquid seal well on the tank base. The cover is fitted with fluorescent lights, an infrared heating strip, a thermocouple and a viewing port. A controller with indicator for the radiant heating strip and a speed control on the rotating shaft drive motor together with "run" and "pause" controls permit selection of the exposure cycles and their conditions.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed herein, for converting laser energy to thermal energy for a variety of purposes, which includes a conical laser beam collector for gathering or receiving impinging beams or rays that has a plurality of coaxially disposed annular shoulders arranged either along the external or internal surfaces of the collector adapted directly to receive the laser beams or rays. A liquid circulating system includes a cylinder housing the conical collector having a plurality of coaxial coils arranged about its external surface and, in one version, joined with an internal coiled spiral carried on the conical collector. The liquid circulating system serves as a heat exchanger to convert the heat gathered by the conical collector into superheated liquid carried by the liquid circulating system for ultimate use in prime mover or generator applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting iodine isotopes in the exhaust gas of a nuclear installation includes a duct for a partial exhaust gas stream, which duct includes an absorption chamber which is disposed in a radiation shielding structure and through which the exhaust gas flows and which has associated therewith means for admitting absorption material and for removing it therefrom. Radiation detectors are supported in the radiation shielding structure at opposite sides of the absorption chamber for monitoring radiation of iodine isotopes collected therein, the cavity in the shielding structure in which the absorption chamber is disposed being larger than the absorption chamber and the absorption chamber being supported so as to be movable in the cavity relative to said detectors to permit calibrating the apparatus.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring levels of concentration of tritium and tritium oxides in environmental air includes a scintillation detector, such as a photomultiplier, and a controlled device for exposing scintillators to the detector in succession. Air being monitored is passed over the scintillators. A thermoelectric device is used to cool and warm one of the scintillators for condensing air moisture onto its surface and for evaporating moisture from it, the count rate being measured in both instances. The other scintillator is a reference scintillator, the count rate from which is also measured, and a measurement is taken with neither of the scintillators exposed to the scintillation detector. The concentration levels of tritium and tritium oxides are computed from the set of measurements.

Abstract: This invention relates to a spectrophotometer that detects the types and amounts of certain chemical elements dissolved or suspended in a liquid or gas medium. A light beam of desirable frequency emitted from a light source passes through the mass concentration boundary layer adjacent to a filter surface, which filter functions as a selective barrier selectively blocking chemical elements or impurities under detection from moving thereacross. Prior to the start of a measurement, the filter surface is washed with the sample medium to be analyzed by allowing the sample medium to flow parallel to the filter surface without flowing across the filter. The measurement starts at the moment the outlet of the washing flow is shut-off whereupon a light sensor such as photoelectric sensor records the intensity of the light beam passing through the mass configuration boundary layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the radioactive concentration of a radioactive material-containing liquid. In order to improve the measuring sensitivity of and miniaturize the apparatus, it includes a vertically-disposed outer cylinder, an inner cylinder disposed in and concentrically with the outer cylinder, a radiation detector disposed in the inner cylinder, a radioactive liquid feed means for supplying a radioactive material-containing liquid in the form of an annular current into an annular space between the inner and outer cylinders, a first cleaning water feed means for supplying a cleaning liquid along the inner surface of the outer cylinder, and a second cleaning water feed means for supplying a cleaning liquid along the outer surface of the inner cylinder. The cleaning water prevents the radioactive material from being deposited on the inner surface of the outer cylinder and the outer surface of the inner cylinder, and the measuring sensitivity of the apparatus from decreasing.

Abstract: A volume reducer for liquid scintillation counting is adapted to be used with an outer scintillation-counting vial and includes an elongate member adapted to be inserted into the vial. The elongate member has a bottom surface and a peripheral side surface and the side surface is spaced inwardly from an inner side surface of the vial to define an annular chamber in which the scintillation fluid is adapted to be retained. In certain embodiments the annular chamber is varied to either isolate certain segments thereof from each other or provide segments having differing volumes. The combination of the reducer and vial, as well as methods for preparing a scintillation fluid for testing also constitute parts of the instant invention.

Abstract: An ionization detector for detecting a vapor constituent uses a first mode of operation in which only the vapor carried by ambient air is conducted through the ionization detector and a second mode of operation in which the outlet line from the ionization detector is connected to direct the exhaust gas flow from the ionization detector through a desiccant cartridge to remove humidity from the gas flow exiting from the ionization detector. The dehumidified gas with the constituent to be detected is then reintroduced into the input of the ionization detector to provide an improved sensitivity of the detector to the constituent. An alternate first and second operating mode cycle is provided to produce an increased output level of constituent detection from the ionization detector. This increased output level can be arranged to initiate an alarm operation for the vapor constituent being detected even at a very low constituent concentration.

Abstract: Small hot particles contained in fluid stream 101 are partially vaporized by laser 46 and deflected transversely to the direction of flow out of interaction region 45 and into removal duct 65. An alternate embodiment ionizes the particles and deflects them by an electric field.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for selective measurement of tritium oxide in an environment which may include other radioactive components and gamma radiation, the measurement including the selective separation of tritium oxide from a sample gas through a membrane into a counting gas, the generation of electrical pulses individually representative by rise times of tritium oxide and other radioactivity in the counting gas, separation of the pulses by rise times, and counting of those pulses representative of tritium oxide. The invention further includes the separate measurement of any tritium in the sample gas by oxidizing the tritium to tritium oxide and carrying out a second separation and analysis procedure as described above.

Abstract: An apparatus for irradiating a continuously flowing stream of fluid is diosed. The apparatus consists of a housing having a spherical cavity and a spherical moderator containing a radiation source positioned within the spherical cavity. The spherical moderator is of lesser diameter than the spherical cavity so as to define a spherical annular volume around the moderator. The housing includes fluid intake and output conduits which open onto the spherical cavity at diametrically opposite positions. Fluid flows through the cavity around the spherical moderator and is uniformly irradiated due to the 4.pi. radiation geometry. The irradiation source, for example a .sup.252 CF neutron source, is removable from the spherical moderator through a radial bore which extends outwardly to an opening on the outside of the housing. The radiation source may be routinely removed without interrupting the flow of fluid or breaching the containment of the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the in situ levels of tritium in ground water at depth in the earth. A tritium analyzer is made to fit in a sonde or probe which is placed in a borehole. This analyzer can perform a programmed cycle and has a sample intake to allow ambient water to enter; a reaction chamber; a drying chamber; an ion chamber; a cryogenic gas pump, and a spent capsule collection chamber. After the water sample is brought into the unit, it rises into the reaction chamber where it reacts with a preweighed quantity of calcium carbide in a capsule to yield acetylene. Next the acetylene vapor passes through the drying chamber to remove excess water and then flows into the evacuated ion chamber. Following this, the ion chamber is sealed off and a count of tritium beta decay events is started. Following the completion of the count, a valve is opened to remove the acetylene from the ion chamber with the cryogenic gas pump.

Abstract: An aircraft cabin humidification system for humidifying an air mass within the cabin. The system comprises:(a) means for ventilating the cabin with a ram air stream;(b) means for humidifying the air of the ram air stream so as to maintain a desired level of humidity within the cabin;(c) means for exhausting at least a portion of said air from the cabin;(d) removal means for at least partially removing moisture from the air removed from the cabin;(e) recycle means for recycling at least a portion of the moisture from the exhausted air; and(f) humidification means for humidifying the cabin by adding at least a portion of the removed moisture to the cabin.A method for ventilating an aircraft cabin comprising the steps of:(a) injecting ram air into the cabin;(b) humidifying the ram air by injecting moisture therein;(c) exhausting air from said cabin;(d) removing moisture from the exhausted air of step (c);(e) recycling the removed moisture of step (d); and(f) reinjecting the removed moisture into the ram air.

Abstract: Apparatus for selectively mixing two components such as a powder and a liquid in a quick and efficient manner. The apparatus includes a compressible chamber with a liquid component therein, the compressible chamber including gas-trapping and reservoir compartments in open communication. Included is an arrangement to access the gas-trapping compartment such that the chamber may be connected to a container having a mixing component such as a powder therein so as to form a selectively opened pathway between the container and the compressible chamber of the apparatus. The apparatus may include the container. After the pathway is opened, the gas-trapping and reservoir compartments are selectively positioned to facilitate proper mixing of the liquid component in the chamber with the component in the container.

Abstract: An irradiator of the type using a radioactive material as a source of radiation is combined with a gaseous liquid contact chamber. The irradiator has a casing having an input and output therefrom and a plurality of connected chambers formed in the casing and separated by walls having an opening therethrough. A plurality of gamma radiation sources are located in a plurality of the chambers, thus forming a plurality of irradiation chambers. At least one of the chambers is a gas treatment chamber having a gas input line connected thereto to provide gas liquid contact in the gas treatment chamber. The walls between the irradiation chambers and the gas treatment chambers are made of a gamma radiation blocking material, such as lead or concrete. Gas escape lines are provided for preventing the build up of gas in the chambers, so that a fluid can be treated through a series of irradiation gas contact treatments. Gas lines can also be provided directly into the irradiation chambers.

Abstract: An effluent gas monitoring apparatus for detecting radioactivities in water, carbon dioxide, and rare gases recovered by introducing the radioactive effluent gas to a water recovery section, a carbon dioxide recovery section and, if necessary, a rare gas concentration section which are arranged parallel to each other. The capacities, scales and gas flow rates of the respective sections which are arranged parallel to each other may be freely selected.

Abstract: Electro-optical apparatus for measurement of fat, protein, lactose and water or solids in milk wherein a milk sample is pumped by a homogenizer into an optical measurement cell. The specimen in the cell is then irradiated with reference and measurement beams at differing wavelengths for fat, protein, lactose and water respectively, and signals are stored indicative of uncorrected concentrations. A scaling and correction circuit includes cross-correction circuitry for compensating the effects on each reading caused by the other constitutents. The signals so corrected are then provided in percentage by weight or weight over volume on suitable digital displays.

Abstract: A connection may be formed between sealed conduits in which each conduit carries an opaque, thermoplastic wall portion preferably having a melting range above essentially 200.degree. C., preferably with the opaque thermoplastic wall portions being carried on the conduit about their periphery by transparent wall portions of the conduit. The opaque wall portions of the conduits are brought together into facing contact, and then exposed to sufficient .Iadd.electromagnetic .Iaddend.radiant energy to cause the opaque wall portions to fuse together, and to open an aperture through the fused wall portions. This provides sealed communication between the interiors of the conduits.