Abstract: A method of determining the radiation type and energy distribution of a radiation source that outputs radiation. The method including providing a plurality of detector materials and exposing the plurality of detector materials to the radiation. Each of the plurality of detector materials stores a signal in response to being exposed to the radiation. The signals are representative of the radiation. The plurality of detector materials is stimulated to output the signals as measured signals. These measured signals are used to determine the radiation type and energy distribution of the radiation.

Abstract: A computed radiography reading system and method. The system includes an exposed computed radiography plate, a two-dimensional pixelized array, and a heating element. The heating element conducts heat to the computed radiography plate and the computed radiography plate releases entrained light signals to the two-dimensional pixelized array in response to the conducted heat.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoluminescent fibers containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials which emit electromagnetic energies to give an emission signature. Also disclosed are the use of the inventive fibers, fabrics made therefrom, and objects containing the fiber.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, methods and kits for the removal of harmful or irritating substances from bodily surfaces. Kits may include a composition containing capsaicin and a capsaicin-cleansing composition, e.g., a composition in which capsaicin is soluble.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-based fluorescent ink for the purpose of measurement or judgment of the fluorescence emission in a visible light region by an excitation wavelength in a predetermined ultraviolet range, containing water, a coloring material dissolved or dispersed in water, and an organic solvent, having a plurality of fluorescent groups in the coloring material structure of the coloring material, and using a water-soluble coloring material having a sulfonic acid group as the water-soluble group in the state of a free acid, capable of improving the water resistance and the light resistance, dramatically increasing the content of the fluorescent coloring material in the ink, which has conventionally been included only by a small amount in the ink due to the concentration quenching problem, obtaining preferable fluorescence emission and water resistance of the recorded image, and providing preferable adhesion resistance to the recording medium of the coloring material and reliability.

Abstract: One embodiment disclosed relates a method of detecting a patterned electron beam. The patterned electron beam is focused onto a grating with a pattern that has a same pitch as the patterned electron beam. Electrons of the patterned electron beam that pass through the grating un-scattered are detected. Another embodiment relates to focusing the patterned electron beam onto a grating with a pattern that has a second pitch that is different than a first pitch of the patterned electron beam. Electrons of the patterned electron beam that pass through the grating form a Moiré pattern that is detected using a position-sensitive detector. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

Abstract: To overcome the disadvantages introduced by using UV sensors to detect the intensity of UV light in water purification apparatuses, the present invention provides a novel detection apparatus to “visualize” the quality of water in the form of visible light, instead of digitizing the intensity of UV light. The detection apparatus comprises a first detection window, coated with a first material for converting a received first ultraviolet light into a first visible light, wherein the first ultraviolet light is emitted from an ultraviolet light source and traverses the liquid, and the apparatus further mixes the first visible light with a second visible light to generate a third visible light. The different color of the third visible light can represent the different quality of the water.

Abstract: Present embodiments generally relate to a novel clear or colorless overcoat composition that may be used for overcoating, for example, ink based images and xerographic images. The overcoat composition, which may be used as a base for a clear solid ink, comprises one or more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing additives. Also included in the present embodiments is a method for using and detecting the overcoat composition in connection with a substrate, for example, a substrate that includes printed images thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a detector for monitoring a UV false positive from genuine X-ray positive of color developing radiation sensitive devices. A layer which can be scratched off and is opaque to undesired radiation but transparent to X-ray is printed on the sensor. If the sensor displays a signal (i.e., develops color), whether it is genuine or false positive can be confirmed by scratching off the opaque layer. If the signal is a genuine positive, the whole sensor will be uniformly exposed/colored including the area under the opaque layer. If it is a false positive, the area under the scratched off layer will be of lighter color than the rest of the sensor.

Abstract: An active detector and methods for detecting molecules, including large molecules such as proteins and oligonucleotides, at or near room temperature based on the generation of electrons via field emission (FE) and/or secondary electron emission (SEE). The detector comprises a semiconductor membrane having an external surface that is contacted by one or more molecules, and an internal surface having a thin metallic layer or other type of electron emitting layer. The kinetic energy of molecules contacting the semiconductor membrane is transferred through the membrane and induces the emission of electrons from the emitting layer. An electron detector, which optionally includes means for electron amplification, is positioned to detect the emitted electrons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing a core-shell nanophosphor for use in radiation storage comprising: a) preparing a nanoscale metal halide core; b) coating the nanoscale metal halide core with at least one shell which is activated by a rare earth metal; and c) forming a core-shell nanophosphor. This invention also relates to a core-shell nanophosphor comprising a substrate core and at least one shell that is sensitive to ionizing radiation, neutrons, electrons or UV radiation. This invention also relates to a radiation image storage panel, a radiation monitoring apparatus and a use of the core-shell nanophosphor according to this invention.

Abstract: A radiation detection device with at least one self indicating radiation sensor and at least one machine readable sensor.

Abstract: Described is a self-indicating instant radiation dosimeter (1001) for monitoring high energy radiations, such as X-ray. The dosimeter contains a radiation sensitive, color changing, indicating composition (10), e.g., a diacetylene (R—C?C—C?C—R?, where R and R? are substituents groups) or a radiochromic dye, a polymeric binder (20) and optionally a shelf life extender (50) or an activator (40). The radiation sensitive composition (10) changes color instantly when exposed to high energy radiation. The dose is estimated by comparing the color with a color reference chart or more accurately with a spectrophotometer or an optical densitometer. The radiation sensitive composition (10) is protected from low energy radiation such as UV light, by a layer of low energy absorbing materials, such as UV absorbers.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing scintillator afterglow. Methods for reducing afterglow include conditioning a scintillator by exposing it to high flux densities of ionizing radiation. One technique includes operating an x-ray tube at elevated amperage.

Abstract: Certain poly(oxyalkylene) colorants are disclosed along with method of preparation thereof. A method of using these colorants as fluorescent security taggants is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoluminescent fibers containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials whose emission signature lies partly or fully in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also disclosed are the use of the inventive fibers, fabrics made therefrom, and objects containing the fiber.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the characterization of areas of radiation in contaminated rooms are provided. One such device is a collimator with a collimator shield for reducing noise when measuring radiation. The determination system uses a radiation detector comprising a plurality of overlapping layers of radiation sensitive film interspersed with adjacent layers of an attenuator material. The resulting sandwich of the stacked film layers and attenuator layers provides a useful detector. The detector can be used within a radiation detector apparatus having a collimator to enable a 360 degree field of view of radiation sources within a room or enclosed environment.

Abstract: A flare evaluation method includes: extracting DC flare reference data using a preliminary measurement pattern mask and a dummy mask having an open region in which a preliminary measurement pattern is formed; providing a plurality of flare gauge sets including an opaque pad, a measurement pattern, and a flare pattern, the measure pattern being disposed at an inside of the opaque pad to measure strength of a flare, the flare pattern being disposed at an outside of the opaque pad to generate the flare; and detecting a change of a photo resist measurement pattern caused by the flare pattern and the measurement pattern for each of the flare gauge sets, wherein an outer radius of the flare pattern increases by a predetermined amount depending on the flare gauge set.

Abstract: Radiation dosimeters containing thin KCl:Eu2+ storage phosphors for quantifying and/or verifying the dose of radiation applied during radiation therapy. Methods for measuring the amount of radiation applied from a source of radiation and methods for treating a patient having a cancerous tumor are also provided.

Abstract: Described is a portable dosimeter that includes a piece of optically stimulated luminescence material (OSLM) mounted in a dosimeter mount that is rotatably mounted in a cylindrical recess of a dosimeter housing.

Abstract: The present application provides a uv dose indicator film and ink showing a color change depending on the absorbed radiation-dose, comprising (a) a selected acid responsive colorant; (b) a sulfonyloxime ester compound or a —N—O-sulfonyl compound as photolatent acid and (c) a UV-absorber.

Abstract: A neutron detector employs a porous material layer including pores between nanoparticles. The composition of the nanoparticles is selected to cause emission of electrons upon detection of a neutron. The nanoparticles have a maximum dimension that is in the range from 0.1 micron to 1 millimeter, and can be sintered with pores thereamongst. A passing radiation generates electrons at one or more nanoparticles, some of which are scattered into a pore and directed toward a direction opposite to the applied electrical field. These electrons travel through the pore and collide with additional nanoparticles, which generate more electrons. The electrons are amplified in a cascade reaction that occurs along the pores behind the initial detection point. An electron amplification device may be placed behind the porous material layer to further amplify the electrons exiting the porous material layer.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (“SAW”) device including a SAW element, a first material, a luminescence material and a light source, and a method for signal amplification of a SAW element. The first material may be positioned on the SAW element and bound to a target material in a sample. The luminescence material may be bound to the target material. The light source may apply light to the luminescence material. The SAW device and the method for signal amplification of a SAW element using the same allow amplification of a signal of the SAW element by an electromagnetic wave generated when light is applied to the luminescence material.

Abstract: Design of a photon detection and counting device based on a unidimensional waveguide (1) coupled to a number of bistable absorbent elements (2) that carry out the detection, said device being applied to the detection and characterisation of microwave radiation (3). Said detection is carried out using qubits, the states of which are irreversibly changed during the passage of the absorbed photons stemming from the induced radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting electromagnetic wave includes an electromagnetic wave sensor, a first electrode and a second electrode spaced from each other and electrically connected to the electromagnetic wave sensor, and a measuring device electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode. The electromagnetic wave sensor includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes extending along a same direction from the first electrode to the second electrode. The measuring device is capable of measuring resistance of the carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: A method of determining directionality of radiation is disclosed which comprises dividing the tensioned metastable fluid liquid volume adjacent to a radioactive source into a plurality of sectors, determining the opposing sector ratio of the respective sector and determining the direction of the radiation based on the opposing sector ratios of the plurality of sectors. The method further comprising determining directionality of incoming radiation from the tension pressure assisted elongation of bubble shapes pointing towards direction of radiation particles that interacted with nuclei of tensioned metastable fluid detector system. A device capable of carrying out these methods is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining the radiation type and energy distribution of a radiation source that outputs radiation. The method including providing a plurality of detector materials and exposing the plurality of detector materials to the radiation. Each of the plurality of detector materials stores a signal in response to being exposed to the radiation. The signals are representative of the radiation. The plurality of detector materials is stimulated to output the signals as measured signals. These measured signals are used to determine the radiation type and energy distribution of the radiation.

Abstract: A method of determining the doses of neutrons, gamma and X-ray photons, beta, alpha and other ionizing radiations using a method of image processing in spatial and frequency domain that produces parameters that are related to the radiation dose absorbed in a luminescent material. Portions of the luminescent material may be covered by different converters to allow for doses of different radiations to be discriminated.

Abstract: A smartcard or other media detects the presence of chemical, biological, radiation, and/or explosive (CBRE) compounds or other items of interest on individuals handling the smartcard or other media. The exposure is stored such that, when the card is presented to a reader, the detection data is transmitted to the reader for appropriate processing by the system. In one embodiment, this invention provides a detection methodology which captures the fact that the holder of the detection device has been in contact with an item of interest without external power. The detector card is then able to alert appropriate authorities of that exposure when the device is presented to a reader in the normal course of the holder's business.

Abstract: The invention encompasses analyzers and analyzer systems that include a single molecule analyzer, methods of using the analyzer and analyzer systems to analyze samples, either for single molecules or for molecular complexes. The single molecule uses electromagnetic radiation that is translated through the sample to detect the presence or absence of a single molecule. The single molecule analyzer provided herein is useful for diagnostics because the analyzer detects single molecules with zero carryover between samples.

Abstract: Certain poly(oxyalkylene) colorants are disclosed along with method of preparation thereof. A method of using these colorants as fluorescent security taggants is also disclosed.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes material for absorbing incident radiation, and for providing a response to heating caused by the absorption of photons from the incident radiation. The radiation detector may include multiple pixels, each with one or more layers of absorbing material. The absorbing material may include black (microstructured) silicon, which has the advantage of being a good absorber of radiation in the short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths (as well as ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths and visible light wavelengths). The radiation detector may include multiple pixels, each separately responding to radiation incident on that pixel, and each including black silicon (as well as possibly other absorptive materials). The pixels of the detector may each have cantilevered attachment to a frame of the detector, with differences in coefficient of thermal expansion of materials of the pixels causing deflection of parts of the pixels due to heating from absorption of radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color indicator dosimeter system to detect and quantify a dosage of ionizing radiation in a wide range wherein said system comprises phenolic glycoside as one of the components. The present invention also relates to a method for using dosimeter system as described hereinabove for detecting and quantifying a dosage of ionizing radiation in a wide range.

Abstract: An approach to challenging the absolute nature attributed to the Heisenberg uncertainty principal in the context of data obtained from a double slit system, wherein the double slit system is applied at least once with a multiplicity of photons or particles to produce a reference interference pattern on a first screen, and applied a second time to determine where a single photon or particle impacts a second screen. Comparison of projections from each slit through the point of impact of the single photon or particle on the second screen, to the reference interference pattern on the first screen, provides insight to which slit the single photon or particle passed.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, methods and kits for the removal of harmful or irritating substances from bodily surfaces. Kits may include a composition containing capsaicin and a capsaicin-cleansing composition, e.g., a composition in which capsaicin is soluble.

Abstract: A flare evaluation method includes: extracting DC flare reference data using a preliminary measurement pattern mask and a dummy mask having an open region in which a preliminary measurement pattern is formed; providing a plurality of flare gauge sets including an opaque pad, a measurement pattern, and a flare pattern, the measure pattern being disposed at an inside of the opaque pad to measure strength of a flare, the flare pattern being disposed at an outside of the opaque pad to generate the flare; and detecting a change of a photo resist measurement pattern caused by the flare pattern and the measurement pattern for each of the flare gauge sets, wherein an outer radius of the flare pattern increases by a predetermined amount depending on the flare gauge set.

Abstract: A method of detecting radiological substances on a surface comprises coating the surface with a coating containing an indicator material that produces UV emissions and monitoring the coating to detect the radiological substances. A UV viewer can be used for monitoring the coating to detect the radiological substances. The invention also provides a coating that includes an indicator material carried by the coating that provides an indication of the radiological substances.

Abstract: A method of applying a double slit system to the end that both knowledge of an interference pattern formed on a screen located at one distance from the slits, and knowledge of improved probability as to which slit a particular particle or photon passed in the act of forming said interference pattern on that screen, wherein the method uses a remormalization interference pattern preliminarily provided on a screen located at a different distance from the slits, as a reference.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for detecting and/or measuring radioactivity comprising sensor means (5, 6), radiation detector means (4) and signal processing means (10, 11), the sensor means being adapted to provide a measure of one or more characteristics of a medium between the radiation detector means and a source of radioactivity, the arrangement being such that, in use, the signal processing means is configured to compensate for varying degrees of interference from unwanted isotopes by taking into account information received from the sensor means.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting slow neutrons by monitoring Lyman alpha radiation produced by the 3He(n,tp) nuclear reaction induced by neutrons incident on a gas cell containing 3He or a mixture of 3He and other atoms and/or molecules. Such a method and/or apparatus includes the use of, for example, liquid 3He and 4He mixtures as a scintillation counter for the sensitive detection of neutrons using Lyman alpha radiation produced by the 3He(n,tp) reaction. The radiation can be detected with high efficiency with an appropriate photo-detector, or alternatively, it can be converted to radiation at longer wavelength by absorption in scintillation materials, with the radiation channeled to a photodetector. Because of the simplicity of the system and the fact that the radiation production mechanisms can be measured and/or calculated independently, the method and/or apparatus also has the potential for service as a calculable absolute detector.

Abstract: The invention is the novel use of Quantum Dots (QDs) for radiation dosimetry and includes novel dosimetry devices, systems and methods. The devices, systems and methods have use in a variety of dosimetry applications such as personal, environmental and research. The system for detecting doses of ionizing radiation comprises; a matrix comprising a photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals; an illumination interface for exposing the matrix to non-ionizing radiation; a response characterization interface for measuring photoluminescence, scatter or the optical density of the matrix and identifying differences in the photoluminescence, scatter or optical density caused by exposure to ionizing radiation; and a readout interface to quantify the photoluminescence or optical density differences as doses of radiation.

Abstract: An X-ray image memory unit includes a plurality of memory film pieces which can be moved between a recording configuration, in which they are situated one behind the other, and a scan configuration, in which they are individually accessible to reading light.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (“SAW”) device including a SAW element, a first material, a luminescence material and a light source, and a method for signal amplification of a SAW element. The first material may be positioned on the SAW element and bound to a target material in a sample. The luminescence material may be bound to the target material. The light source may apply light to the luminescence material. The SAW device and the method for signal amplification of a SAW element using the same allow amplification of a signal of the SAW element by an electromagnetic wave generated when light is applied to the luminescence material.

Abstract: It is a feature that in the present invention, provided is a method of cleaning a radiation image conversion panel possessing a substrate and provided thereon, a phosphor layer, and further possessing a protective layer provided on the phosphor layer, wherein a surface of the protective layer is cleaned by moving a cleaning member, while applying a pressure of 1 mN/cm2-1 N/cm2 to the surface of the protective layer with the cleaning member. Also provided can be a method of cleaning a radiation image conversion panel to provide an image information reading method by which image information exhibiting reduced image defect and image unevenness without damaging the radiation image conversion panel can be read out.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color indicator dosimeter system to detect and quantify a dosage of ionizing radiation in a wide range wherein said system comprises phenolic glycoside as one of the components. The present invention also relates to a method for using dosimeter system as described hereinabove for detecting and quantifying a dosage of ionizing radiation in a wide range.

Abstract: A composition comprising an ink and an infrared-absorbing material wherein said infrared-absorbing material comprises a metal, a metal salt, a metal oxide or metal nitride is described. Also described is an article comprising a substrate having imaged thereon an infrared-absorbing material to form a security image; and a method of manufacture of such an article said method comprising image-wise applying substrate a composition comprising an infrared-absorbing material.

Abstract: A method for measuring properties of an electromagnetic signal includes following steps. An electromagnetic signal measuring device that includes a carbon nanotube structure is provided. The carbon nanotube structure has a plurality of carbon nanotubes. An electromagnetic signal is received by the carbon nanotube structure in the electromagnetic signal measuring device. The intensity of the electromagnetic signal is measured by a sound produced by the carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: Nanoparticle-amphiphilic polymer complexes for nucleic acid delivery and real-time imaging.

Abstract: A microscope for optical imaging of high optical scattering coefficient biological tissue, comprising an optical excitation source for irradiating a scan area of the sample and generating optical emissions, wherein the sample has a first face facing away from the source and a second face facing the source. A two dimensional element for scanning the light over the sample; a focusing element having a numerical aperture NAi to focus the light onto the sample; a first optical condenser to collect light from the first face, the collected light comprising source transmitted light and first optical emission generated in the sample, the condenser having a NA2 larger than NAi; an optical filter to block the transmitted source light; an aperture with a size corresponding to the irradiated area of the sample, the aperture at the conjugate image position of the sample generated by the condenser; and an optical detector collecting light from the first face for detecting the first optical emission from the scan area.

Abstract: A method of detecting radiological substances on a surface comprises coating the surface with a coating containing an indicator material that produces UV emissions and monitoring the coating to detect the radiological substances. A UV viewer can be used for monitoring the coating to detect the radiological substances. The invention also provides a coating that includes an indicator material carried by the coating that provides an indication of the radiological substances.