Abstract: The invention provides a device for the detection and mapping of radiation, the device comprising a polymeric core located within an external shell material, wherein the polymeric core comprises at least one radiation sensitive component and the external sheath comprises a collimation sheath. Preferably, the polymeric core comprises a spherical core which is encased within the external shell. The external shell is preferably comprised of a metal, most preferably lead or tungsten.

Abstract: A method for determining whether an item has been exposed to an environmental condition during a monitoring period. The method includes placing a sensor at least in proximity to the item at the beginning of the monitoring period so that the sensor will be exposed to a level of an environmental condition that can be correlated to an exposure level of the item to the environmental condition; reading the sensor; and determining from reading the sensor whether the item has been exposed to the environmental condition. The sensor includes a detecting material comprising a photochromic or photothermochromic material, the detecting material selected so that upon exposure to the environmental condition the detecting material exhibits a detectable color change.

Abstract: To overcome the disadvantages introduced by using UV sensors to detect the intensity of UV light in water purification apparatuses, the present invention provides a novel detection apparatus to “visualize” the quality of water in the form of visible light, instead of digitizing the intensity of UV light. The detection apparatus comprises a first detection window, coated with a first material for converting a received first ultraviolet light into a first visible light, wherein the first ultraviolet light is emitted from an ultraviolet light source and traverses the liquid, and the apparatus further mixes the first visible light with a second visible light to generate a third visible light. The different color of the third visible light can represent the different quality of the water.

Abstract: A welding accessory and a system for detecting UV radiation exposure during welding operations are disclosed. The welding accessory may have a surface exposed to UV radiation generated by electric arc welding, a first image visible without exposure to the UV radiation, and a second image formed from UV activated dye that is visible only after exposure to UV radiation generated by the electric welding arc. A system may include a UV exposure indicator with a first state and at least a second state, and include UV activated dye adapted to provide a reversible or persistent visual indication upon exposure to UV radiation. The visual indication may include any combination of symbols, logos, images, text, or other decorative or informational designs as desired.

Abstract: Disclosed is a detector for monitoring a UV false positive from genuine X-ray positive of color developing radiation sensitive devices. A layer which can be scratched off and is opaque to undesired radiation but transparent to X-ray is printed on the sensor. If the sensor displays a signal (i.e., develops color), whether it is genuine or false positive can be confirmed by scratching off the opaque layer. If the signal is a genuine positive, the whole sensor will be uniformly exposed/colored including the area under the opaque layer. If it is a false positive, the area under the scratched off layer will be of lighter color than the rest of the sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for monitoring one or more of integral value of time and temperature, UV light exposure and a pre-determined temperature of an item. The device is useful for monitoring items or materials which are sensitive to time-temperature, UV light and/or a pre-determined temperature. Radiation sensitive devices such as self-indicating instant radiation alert dosimeters (SIRAD) can be accidentally, inadvertently or intentionally over exposed to time-temperature, UV light and a pre-determined higher temperature. Such over exposure can provide a false positive or false negative signal. A device based on polymerization of diacetylenes and melting of partially polymerized diacetylenes, both of which are associated with color changes, are proposed as false positive, false negative, and tamper indicator.

Abstract: A radiation detection device with at least one self indicating radiation sensor and at least one machine readable sensor.

Abstract: A radiation detection device with at least one self indicating radiation sensor and at least one machine readable sensor.

Abstract: Described is a self-indicating instant radiation dosimeter (1001) for monitoring high energy radiations, such as X-ray. The dosimeter contains a radiation sensitive, color changing, indicating composition (10), e.g., a diacetylene (R—C?C—C?C—R?, where R and R? are substituents groups) or a radiochromic dye, a polymeric binder (20) and optionally a shelf life extender (50) or an activator (40). The radiation sensitive composition (10) changes color instantly when exposed to high energy radiation. The dose is estimated by comparing the color with a color reference chart or more accurately with a spectrophotometer or an optical densitometer. The radiation sensitive composition (10) is protected from low energy radiation such as UV light, by a layer of low energy absorbing materials, such as UV absorbers.

Abstract: A radiation dosimetry method and associated devices for carrying out the method are disclosed herein. More particularly, a method and associated apparatus which compensates for variations in amounts of a radiation sensitive material in a radiation dosimetry film is provided.

Abstract: The present application provides a uv dose indicator film and ink showing a color change depending on the absorbed radiation-dose, comprising (a) a selected acid responsive colorant; (b) a sulfonyloxime ester compound or a —N—O-sulfonyl compound as photolatent acid and (c) a UV-absorber.

Abstract: A battery-free electromagnetic leakage detector includes a substrate, an antenna, a filter circuit electrically connected with the antenna, a clamp circuit electrically connected with the filter circuit, and an indicating member electrically connected with the clamp circuit. Accordingly, the battery-free electromagnetic leakage detector is structurally simple and compact and can detect electromagnetic waves and display the detection without connection with any external power source.

Abstract: In an extreme ultraviolet light source apparatus generating an extreme ultraviolet light from a plasma generated by irradiating a target, which is a droplet D of molten Sn, with a laser light, and controlling the flow direction of ion generated at the generation of the extreme ultraviolet light by a magnetic field or an electric field, an ion collection cylinder 20 is arranged for collecting the ion, and ion collision surfaces Sa and Sb of the ion collection cylinder 20 are provided with or coated with Si, which is a metal whose sputtering rate with respect to the ion is less than one atom/ion.

Abstract: The present application provides a composition showing a color change depending on the absorbed radiation-dose, comprising (a) an acid responsive colorant; (b) a photolatent acid; characterized in that (b) is a sulfonyloxime ester compound; and its use as a radiation dose indicator.

Abstract: A system for detecting and containing a breach in a container includes a first containment layer and a first sensor layer. The first sensor layer includes at least one signal path extending the first sensor layer. The first sensor layer may be provided by either a fiber optic or a wire. An inability of the at least one signal path to conduct a signal from a first end to a second end represents either a breach, or an attempted breach, from outside the container or a failure of the container. The containment layers may seal against any leakage of material in a container subsequent to a breach either from within or from without. An additional layer may be provided to protect against intrusion and may be made from material such as Kevlar. The detection and containment system may be implemented to protect tunnels, pipelines, hatches and manhole covers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a detector for monitoring a UV false positive from genuine X-ray positive of color developing radiation sensitive devices. A layer which can be scratched off and is opaque to undesired radiation but transparent to X-ray is printed on the sensor. If the sensor displays a signal (i.e., develops color), whether it is genuine or false positive can be confirmed by scratching off the opaque layer. If the signal is a genuine positive, the whole sensor will be uniformly exposed/colored including the area under the opaque layer. If it is a false positive, the area under the scratched off layer will be of lighter color than the rest of the sensor.

Abstract: A method of determining directionality of radiation is disclosed which comprises dividing the tensioned metastable fluid liquid volume adjacent to a radioactive source into a plurality of sectors, determining the opposing sector ratio of the respective sector and determining the direction of the radiation based on the opposing sector ratios of the plurality of sectors. The method further comprising determining directionality of incoming radiation from the tension pressure assisted elongation of bubble shapes pointing towards direction of radiation particles that interacted with nuclei of tensioned metastable fluid detector system. A device capable of carrying out these methods is also disclosed.

Abstract: An indicator device comprising a first carrier material; a first pigment disposed in the first carrier material, the first pigment capable of being degraded by exposure to UV radiation; and wherein the first carrier material is configured so as to have a varying thickness such that upon exposure to UV radiation, a visible change in the pigment will occur which will result in a varying visible change over a first surface of the first carrier material

Abstract: Provided are a radiation dosimeter for fluid very small substances, which, in a radiation irradiation device for applying a radiation to a fluid very small substance in a fluid in a treatment chamber, can easily and accurately determine a dose distribution and/or minimum dose of a radiation applied to individual fluid very small substances, and a method of measuring a dose of a radiation applied to fluid very small substances using the dosimeter. In the radiation dosimeter for fluid very small substances, a microcapsule includes a radiation transmitting shell body and a radiation color development tautomeric photochromic solution contained within the shell. The microcapsule undergoes a change in color upon a change in color of the photochromic solution upon exposure to a radiation. The dose of the radiation and the color change level of the microcapsule have a quantitative relationship.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for the detection and mapping of radiation, the device comprising a polymeric core located within an external shell material, wherein the polymeric core comprises at least one radiation sensitive component and the external sheath comprises a collimation sheath. Preferably, the polymeric core comprises a spherical core which is encased within the external shell. The external shell is preferably comprised of a metal, most preferably lead or tungsten.

Abstract: Optical components that maintain transparency (remain clear) in high energy environments, including in applications of high-intensity gamma-ray radiation dosage of 1.29×109 rads and greater, and neutron energy at neutron fluxes ranging from 3×109 to 1×1014 n/cm2 sec and greater, and fluencies ranging from 2×1016 to 8.3×1020 n/cm2 and greater. Further, the optical components have a bulk laser damage threshold of 105+/?20 J/cm2, a surface laser damage threshold of 72+/?15 J/cm2, a Stokes shift of about 9%, and a fractional thermal loading of about 11%.

Abstract: An infrared sensor with at least one cantilever beam functionalized with chitin, chitosan or their derivatives that can be tailored to be sensitive to certain IR bands for detection and does not require cooling is described. The functional layers expand differently than the structural layer of the cantilever beam causing the beam to bend in response to exposure to infrared radiation. The sensor can be adapted to optical, piezoresistive, capacitive and piezoelectric methods of detect beam deflection. Sensitivity can be increased with a reflective layer to increase the absorption of infrared radiation by the functional layer.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting and initiating indication of doses of radiation includes radiation dose receiving elements and function handling elements for storing and displaying received radiations/radiation doses. The arrangement is operable by one or several power sources, and includes one or several portable meters exhibiting miniature external dimensions and having internal power sources. The respective meter is provided with radiation receiving elements and function handling elements. Each meter includes one or several preferably continuously connected first components, requiring low power, and temporarily connectable second components, requiring increased or increasing power in relation to the low power. One or several third components, handling the temporary connection and disconnection of the second component or components, is/are included. The first components are activated at low radiation intensities and the second components are connected when high radiation intensities are occurring.

Abstract: An infrared sensor and infrared imaging system, wherein said infrared sensor comprises: a first film structure, a second film structure, a gap between said first film structure and said second film structure. Reference light is incident from one of said first film structure and said second film structure. When said gap distance changes, the intensity of transmitted reference light changes, and the intensity of reflected reference light changes. When infrared light is incident, at least one of the said first and second film structures absorbs infrared light and the temperature changes, causing said gap distance to change. By detecting the intensity of said transmitted reference light or reflected reference light, the incident infrared light can be measured.

Abstract: A method of determining the radiation doses to which specific locations are subjected is provided. The method comprises providing an assembly comprising a plurality of layers, each of which includes a number of regularly spaced individual compartments that contain a liquid that changes in color when exposed to radiation, radiating the assembly, determining the changes in optical density of the liquid in the individual compartments and calculating the doses of radiation to which the compartments have been subjected from the changes in optical density.

Abstract: An environmental exposure indicator sensor, such as, for example, UV exposure indicator sensors and its use with consumer bottles or containers is provided. Specifically, an environmental exposure indicator sensor, such as a UV or heat exposure indicator sensor is applied to the surface of a bottle or container to be used as a means of providing its user with information about the ambient environment (e.g., UV or heat radiation) incident on said bottle or container, and therefore the user's exposure to that environment.

Abstract: An environmental exposure indicator sensor, such as, for example, UV exposure indicator sensors and its use with consumer bottles or containers is provided. Specifically, an environmental exposure indicator sensor, such as a UV or heat exposure indicator sensor is applied to the surface of a bottle or container to be used as a means of providing its user with information about the ambient environment (e.g., UV or heat radiation) incident on said bottle or container, and therefore the user's exposure to that environment.

Abstract: This invention proposes a device for exciting fluorescent samples using visible light; the device comprising: a transparent plate for guiding light; at least one lighting source placed alongside the transparent plate; such that the fluorescent samples placed on the transparent plate of the device is excited by the light refracted and reflected from the transparent plate according to Snell's law; thus, the exciting S/N ratio can be improved by the light refraction of the device.

Abstract: A disposable device for monitoring exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) over a single period of time and a cumulative period of time. The device includes a base upon which is applied a UVR sensitive material that irreversibly changes after exposure to UVR. A protective covering is applied over the UVR sensitive material and includes segments that are individually removable to reveal a portion of the UVR sensitive material thereunder. A UVR exposure scale and first and second keys are provided on the base. A first segment of the covering is removed and the base is placed in an appropriate location. After a period of time, the change in the UVR sensitive material is compared to the scale and first key to determine if the level of exposure is safe for that time period. The procedure may be repeated over a number of time periods with a new segment of the protective covering being removed for each time period.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color indicator dosimeter system to detect and quantify a dosage of ionizing radiation in a wide range wherein said system comprises phenolic glycoside as one of the components. The present invention also relates to a method for using dosimeter system as described hereinabove for detecting and quantifying a dosage of ionizing radiation in a wide range.

Abstract: A portable electronic device (10) has a customizable housing (20) where a “skin” (22, 72) is provided, wherein the texture and/or color can be changed by a consumer. The portable electronic device (10) is positioned within an apparatus (41, 51, 61) providing a power source for supplying radiant energy such as heat and/or light to the material. The method of customizing a housing (20) encasing electronics of a portable electronic device (10) includes treating the skin (22, 72) within the housing (20) with heat and/or light, and thereby creating at least one of a texture and a color within the skin (22, 72).

Abstract: A radiation-curable ink composition contains a dye; and a pigment having a color of a hue that is not adjacent to a hue of the color of the dye in ten hues of the Munsell color system.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided to easily determining an indication of the amount of light available at a growing location over a given period of time. Such mechanisms may be used indoors or outdoors and are designed so as to provide an easily readable and understandable indication of the amount of light available at a growing location either empirically or with reference to a reference color chart.

Abstract: An integrated encapsulation status indicator comprising a reactive layer that provides a visible change upon exposure to oxygen and/or moisture and an optional inert layer, wherein both layers are encapsulated with an electronic device. Also disclosed are processes for detecting oxygen and/or moisture within an encapsulated optoelectronic device.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting radiation from a source in a container is disclosed. A continuous optical fiber path is disposed in a medium which is part of or associated with a container and which totally encapsulates the inside volumetric space of the container. The optical fiber path provides a volumetric mass of optical fiber which is reactive to radiation from a radiation source in the container to cause an irreversible change in the light carrying capacity or other characteristic of the optical fiber. A light source is coupled to one end of the optical fiber path for introducing light having a predetermined characteristic. A light detector is coupled to the other end of the optical path for receiving light from the optical path. A circuit is coupled to the light detector and is operative to detect a change in the predetermined characteristic of the light and to provide an indication thereof in a fail-safe manner.

Abstract: Methods of measuring the SFA and sPLA2 activities in a mammalian subject are provided. The methods include: providing a substrate comprising a fluorescently labeled carboxylic acid and a negatively charged phospholipid in an organic solvent such as ethanol, mixing the substrate with phospholipase A2 and a biological sample from the subject, and detecting the fluorescence intensity change to determine the SFA and sPLA2 activity in the sample. A decrease in SFA activity in the test sample as compared to the SFA activity in the control sample indicates that the subject has developed or is about to develop inflammation. An increase in sPLA2 activity in the test sample as compared to the sPLA2 activity in the control sample indicates that the subject has developed or is about to develop inflammation. Further disclosed is a kit for practicing the above methods.

Abstract: The invention is a UV sensitive composition that undergoes a color change upon exposure to a predetermined dosage of UV-C radiation. The UV-C sensitive composition comprises a halogenated polymer, such as polyvinylidene chloride, that produces an acid upon exposure to UV radiation, and a pH sensitive dye. Upon exposure to UV-C radiation, the halogenated polymer undergoes degradation and produces HCl. The pH sensitive dye changes color as a result in an increase in HCl in the system. The composition may also include an acid scavenging composition and/or a diluent to control the amount of HCl produced in the system. The amount of HCl liberated from UV-C exposure may be selectively controlled so that a color change may be produced at a desired UV-C dosage. In some embodiments, the composition may be used to indicate a UV-C dosage from about 100 to 1600 mJ/cm2.

Abstract: Described is a multi-sensor radiation dosimeter system with (1) a self-indicating, instant radiation sensor and (2) a conventional radiation sensor for monitoring high energy radiations, such as X-ray, electrons and neutrons. Conventional radiation sensors, such as X-ray film, TLD (Thermoluminescence Dosimeters), RLG (Radioluminescence Glass) and OSL (Optically Simulated Luminescence), are highly sensitive but are not instant. In the event of a dirty bomb, nuclear detonation or a radiological accident, one needs to know the exposure instantly so proper precautions can be taken and medical treatment, if required, can be given to the victim. If a self-indicating instant sensor is one of the sensors, one would know the dose instantly, and dose can be determined with higher accuracy than by the traditional methods. This type of device offers the best of both technologies.

Abstract: For providing a composition for ionizing radiation determination that realizes determination of absorbed dose simply in enhanced quantitative manner while avoiding any influences from visible light, ultraviolet rays, etc. with the use of a composition for determination of ionizing radiation absorbed dose being highly responsive to ionizing radiation, there is provided a composition for determination of ionizing radiation absorbed dose containing a material capable of coloring or discoloring upon exposure to ionizing radiation, characterized by further containing zinc oxide.

Abstract: A tamper resistant and evident, self indicating instant radiation alert dosimeter (referred to as SIRAD) made by encapsulating a radiation sensing system in a polymeric material is disclosed. SIRAD is made from many layers of polymeric materials by multi-step processes. The radiation sensing system of SIRAD is encapsulated in a polymeric media made by a casting or reaction injection molding process.

Abstract: The present application provides a composition showing a color change depending on the absorbed radiation-dose, comprising (a) an acid responsive colorant; (b) a photolatent acid; characterized in that (b) is a sulfonyloxime ester compound; and its use as a radiation dose indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a detector for monitoring a UV false positive from genuine X-ray positive of color developing radiation sensitive devices. A layer which can be scratched off and is opaque to undesired radiation but transparent to X-ray is printed on the sensor. If the sensor displays a signal (i.e., develops color), whether it is genuine or false positive can be confirmed by scratching off the opaque layer. If the signal is a genuine positive, the whole sensor will be uniformly exposed/colored including the area under the opaque layer. If it is a false positive, the area under the scratched off layer will be of lighter color than the rest of the sensor.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is an organic electroluminescence element defect inspection apparatus wherein the apparatus brings in an optical image of a substrate to be inspected and detects a pattern defect of an organic luminescent layer on the substrate to be inspected. The above is performed after an organic luminescent layer is formed on a substrate in a method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence element. The organic electroluminescence element includes at least one or more organic luminescent layers having a luminescence area, an anode which injects a hole into the organic luminescent layer and a cathode which injects an electrode into the organic luminescent layer on a substrate. And an optical source for obtaining an optical image from a substrate to be inspected is infra-red radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light measuring device 34, in particular for dental light curing devices, for detecting the illumination intensity of a light source 19, which is arranged, in particular, in the light curing device, to which a light guiding device, in particular, having a light exit surface 21 at its outlet, is connected, the light measuring device 34 having at least four measurement fields 38 distributed in two dimensions.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition comprises a polycarbonate that is not aryl carboxylate end-capped, and an aryl carboxylate end-capped polycarbonate of formula: Ar1—C(O)—O-(-L-)m-O—C(O)—A1 wherein each Ar1 is independently an aryl group, -(-L-)m- is a polycarbonate linking group with m units of linking unit L, and m is at least one; wherein the aryl carboxylate end-capped polycarbonate has aryl carboxylate end groups present in the thermoplastic composition in an amount of 0.01 to 500 mmol/Kg based on the combined weights of the polycarbonate that is not aryl carboxylate end-capped, and the aryl carboxylate end-capped polycarbonate, and wherein a molded article having a thickness of 3.2±0.12 millimeters and consisting of the aryl carboxylate end-capped polycarbonate, the polycarbonate, and less than or equal to 1.

Abstract: Personal radiation detection devices, methods of obtaining radiation exposure data, and networks of personal radiation devices. The detection devices may include passive devices and active devices. The passive detection devices may have the same form factor as credit cards or be included in common types of credit card form factor sized cards.

Abstract: A dosing film for measuring ultraviolet rays and/or electron beams, formed of a radiation-sensitive layer having covering films on both sides.

Abstract: The test elements are provided that are adapted to detect at least one analyte in a sample. At least some of the test elements are provided with a defect marking which contains information about defectiveness of the test elements. The test elements include at least one radiation-sensitive material. The test elements are exposed to at least one radiation, the radiation being adapted to induce marking in the form of at least one optically detectable change in the radiation-sensitive material.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting and initiating indication of doses of radiation includes radiation dose receiving elements and function handling elements for storing and displaying received radiations/radiation doses. The arrangement is operable by one or several power sources, and includes one or several portable meters exhibiting miniature external dimensions and having internal power sources. The respective meter is provided with radiation receiving elements and function handling elements. Each meter includes one or several preferably continuously connected first components, requiring low power, and temporarily connectable second components, requiring increased or increasing power in relation to the low power. One or several third components, handling the temporary connection and disconnection of the second component or components, is/are included. The first components are activated at low radiation intensities and the second components are connected when high radiation intensities are occurring.

Abstract: Provided are a radiation dosimeter for fluid very small substances, which, in a radiation irradiation device for applying a radiation to a fluid very small substance in a fluid in a treatment chamber, can easily and accurately determine a dose distribution and/or minimum dose of a radiation applied to individual fluid very small substances, and a method of measuring a dose of a radiation applied to fluid very small substances using the dosimeter. In the radiation dosimeter for fluid very small substances, a microcapsule includes a radiation transmitting shell body and a radiation color development tautomeric photochromic solution contained within the shell. The microcapsule undergoes a change in color upon a change in color of the photochromic solution upon exposure to a radiation. The dose of the radiation and the color change level of the microcapsule have a quantitative relationship.