Abstract: An example plasma confinement system includes an inner electrode having a rounded first end that is disposed on a longitudinal axis of the plasma confinement system and an outer electrode that at least partially surrounds the inner electrode. The outer electrode includes a solid conductive shell and an electrically conductive material disposed on the solid conductive shell and on the longitudinal axis of the plasma confinement system. The electrically conductive material has a melting point within a range of 170° C. to 800° C. at 1 atmosphere of pressure. Related plasma confinement systems and methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A mobile radiation oncology coach system is disclosed. The mobile radiation oncology coach system comprise a trailer having a control console area and a treatment area, the treatment area is equipped with a medical treatment facility. The mobile radiation oncology coach system further comprise an internal shielding provided between the control console area and the treatment area. The mobile radiation oncology coach system further comprise an external shielding provided at the outside of the trailer.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure relates to systems and methods that can be used for super-sensitivity multiphoton frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MPM-FD-FLIM). One or more laser light sources can deliver excitation light with an intensity modulated by a periodic function to a sample, which includes a fluorophore concentration. A receiver can receive a fluorescence signal emitted from the fluorophore concentration over a time period. A computing device can transform the fluorescence signal to the frequency domain and measure a fluorescence lifetime associated with the sample in the frequency domain based on a DC component and at least one higher harmonic component generated by non-linear optical mixing of the modulated excitation light. Using the DC component and the at least one higher harmonic component can increase the sensitivity of an image created by the MPM-FD-FLIM system.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a device for generating terahertz radiation includes forming a distributed feedback laser epitaxy module; etching the distribution feedback laser epitaxy module corresponding to a first window to a predetermined depth; forming an indium gallium arsenide epitaxy layer above the distributed feedback laser epitaxy module corresponding to the first window; etching out the indium gallium arsenide epitaxy layer corresponding to a second window to expose the distributed feedback epitaxy module corresponding to the second window; forming a first electrode, a grating, and an antenna above an upper surface of the distributed feedback laser epitaxy module, an upper surface of the indium gallium arsenide epitaxy layer, and the distributed feedback laser epitaxy module corresponding to the second window, respectively; forming a second electrode above a lower surface of the distributed feedback laser epitaxy module; and forming two metal wires between the grating and the antenna.

Abstract: A diffusive layer including a laminate of a plurality of transparent films is provided. At least one of the plurality of transparent films includes a plurality of diffusive elements with a concentration that is less than a percolation threshold. The plurality of diffusive elements are optical elements that diffuse light that is impinging on such element. The plurality of diffusive elements can be diffusively reflective, diffusively transmitting or combination of both. The plurality of diffusive elements can include fibers, grains, domains, and/or the like. The at least one film can also include a powder material for improving the diffusive emission of radiation and a plurality of particles that are fluorescent when exposed to radiation.

Abstract: The invention provides an object (10), that during use is at least partly submerged in water, wherein the object (100) is selected from the group consisting of a vessel (1) and an infrastructural object (15), the object (10) further comprising an anti-biofouling system (200) comprising an UV emitting element (210), wherein the UV emitting element (210) is configured to irradiate with UV radiation (221) during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a first part (111) of an external surface (11) of said object (10) and (ii) water adjacent to said first part (111) of said external surface (11) of said object (10), wherein the object (10) further comprises protruding elements (100) with the UV emitting element (210) configured between the protruding elements (100) and configured depressed relative to the protruding elements (100).

Abstract: A method includes providing a plurality of fuel droplets into an EUV source vessel by a fuel droplet generator, in which the fuel droplet generator has a first portion inside the EUV source vessel and a second portion outside the EUV source vessel; generating a plurality of output signals respectively from a plurality of oscillation sensors on the fuel droplet generator; determining whether the output signals are acceptable; and determining whether an unwanted oscillation originates from the first portion of the fuel droplet generator or the second portion of the fuel droplet generator when the output signals is determined as unacceptable.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to a radiation source, such as an active insert, typically containing porous or microporous iridium or compounds, alloys or composites thereof within an encapsulation, and methods of manufacture thereof. The porosity or microporosity or low-density alloying ingredient with iridium causes a reduced density of the iridium within the active insert to be achieved.

Abstract: Imaging a sample that includes phototransformable optical labels (“PTOLs”) with an optical system having a diffraction-limited resolution volume (DLRV), includes providing activation radiation to the PTOLs to activate a statistical subset of the PTOLs. A density of the PTOLs of the activated subset is less than an inverse of the DLRV. Excitation radiation is provided to the activated subset to excite activated PTOLs. Radiation emitted from the activated and excited PTOLs located at different focal planes of the optical system within the sample is detected with the optical system. The preceding steps are repeated one or more times, each time activating a different statistical subset of the plurality of PTOLs. Three-dimensional locations within the sample are determined, with a sub-diffraction-limited accuracy, of the activated and excited PTOLs based on the radiation emitted from the activated and excited PTOLs that is detected from the different focal planes of the optical system.

Abstract: A far-infrared (FIR) emitter includes at least one far-infrared source for generating a far-infrared beam, a filter unit for filtering a wavelength range of the far-infrared beam, and a beam-expanding unit for expanding the far-infrared beam. The FIR emitter can generate a FIR light of a specific wavelength range to cover an expanded projection area.

Abstract: A method of controlling a droplet illumination module/droplet detection module system of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation source includes irradiating a target droplet with light from a droplet illumination module and detecting light reflected and/or scattered by the target droplet. The method includes determining whether an intensity of the detected light is within an acceptable range. In response to determining that the intensity of the detected light is not within the acceptable range, a parameter of the droplet illumination module is automatically adjusted to set the intensity of the detected light within the acceptable range.

Abstract: A nail lamp for curing UV-curable nail gel uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit ultraviolet light and are relatively lower power. The nail lamp is powered from an exterior power source, such as a wall socket, or by a rechargeable battery pack. A battery compartment of the nail lamp holds the battery pack, which is removable without disassembling the nail lamp. The nail lamp is easily transportable to different locations and can be used even when a wall socket is unavailable. A curing time of the nail lamp is user-selectable. The nail lamp can also include detection sensors to detect a person's hand or foot in a treatment chamber and automatically turn on or off the LEDs.

Abstract: Wavelength converters including coarse particles/grains of a red nitride phosphor are disclosed. In some embodiments the red nitride phosphor is a (Ca,Sr,Ba)2Si5N8:Eu phosphor with a D50 grain size or a D50 particle size that is ?5 microns. The red nitride phosphor may be encapsulated within an organic matrix or present in an inorganic matrix. In the latter case, the inorganic matrix may include fine grains with a D50 grain size <5 microns. Methods of making such wavelength converters and devices including such wavelength converters are also described.

Abstract: Methods and systems for x-ray based semiconductor metrology utilizing a broadband, soft X-ray illumination source are described herein. A laser produced plasma (LPP) light source generates high brightness, broadband, soft x-ray illumination. The LPP light source directs a highly focused, short duration laser source to a non-metallic droplet target in a liquid or solid state. In one example, a droplet generator dispenses a sequence of nominally 50 micron droplets of feed material at a rate between 50 and 400 kilohertz. In one aspect, the duration of each pulse of excitation light is less than one nanosecond. In some embodiments, the duration of each pulse of excitation light is less than 0.5 nanoseconds. In some embodiments, the LPP light source includes a gas separation system that separates unspent feed material from other gases in the plasma chamber and provides the separated feed material back to the droplet generator.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV) source, including: a vessel having an inner vessel wall and an intermediate focus (IF) region; an EUV collector disposed inside the vessel, the EUV collector including a reflective surface configured to reflect EUV radiation toward the intermediate focus region, the reflective surface configured to directionally face the IF region of the vessel; a showerhead disposed along at least a portion of the inner vessel wall, the showerhead including a plurality of nozzles configured to introduce gas into the vessel; and one or more exhausts configured to remove gas introduced into the vessel, the one or more exhausts being oriented along at least a portion of the inner vessel wall so that the gas is caused to flow away from the EUV collector.

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes an optical element disposed on a laser beam axis, an actuator configured to displace the optical element to displace the laser beam axis, a driving amount monitor configured to monitor a driving amount of the actuator, an optical axis monitor disposed along the laser beam axis and configured to monitor the laser beam axis, and a control unit configured to control the actuator based on a monitoring result of the optical axis monitor and determine abnormality of the optical element based on a monitoring result of the driving amount monitor.

Abstract: A method and system for generating EUV light includes providing a laser beam having a Gaussian distribution. This laser beam can be then modified from a Gaussian distribution to a ring-like distribution. The modified laser beam is provided through an aperture in a collector and interfaces with a moving droplet target, which generates an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength light. The generated EUV wavelength light is provided to the collector away from the aperture. In some embodiments, a mask element may also be used to modify the laser beam to a shape.

Abstract: A nail lamp for curing UV-curable nail gel uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit ultraviolet light and are relatively lower power. The nail lamp is powered from an exterior power source, such as a wall socket, or by a rechargeable battery pack. A battery compartment of the nail lamp holds the battery pack, which is removable without disassembling the nail lamp. The nail lamp is easily transportable to different locations and can be used even when a wall socket is unavailable. A curing time of the nail lamp is user-selectable. The nail lamp can also include detection sensors to detect a person's hand or foot in a treatment chamber and automatically turn on or off the LEDs.

Abstract: An encapsulated integrated circuit is provided that includes an integrated circuit (IC) die. An encapsulation material encapsulates the IC die. A phononic bandgap structure is included within the encapsulation material that is configured to have a phononic bandgap with a frequency range approximately equal to a range of frequencies of thermal phonons produced by the IC die when the IC die is operating.

Abstract: A quantum emitter device is composed of a hole milled in a layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on a substrate made of silicon dioxide. The hole preferably has a side wall angle 1.1°±0.28° from the horizontal, has an oval shape with minor axis 516 nm±20 nm and major axis 600 nm±20 nm, and/or has a depth 4 nm±1 nm. The hBN layer preferably has a total thickness of 5-10 nm. The holes may be fabricated using a gallium focused ion beam, a helium focused ion beam, electron beam directed etching, or photolithography and reactive ion etch (RIE) with sidewall tapering.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation source apparatus includes a collector and a target droplet generator for generating a tin (Sn) droplet. A debris collection device is disposed over a reflection surface of the collector, and at least one drip hole is located between the debris collection device and the collector. A tin bucket for collecting debris from the debris collection device is located below the at least one drip hole, and a tube or guide rod extends from the drip hole to the tin bucket.

Abstract: A method of operating a semiconductor apparatus includes generating a target material droplet; exciting the target material droplet to generate radiation for exposing a wafer; receiving, by a catcher, the target material droplet after exciting the target material droplet, in which the catcher has a front section, a rear section, and a drain port at the rear section; heating the rear section of the catcher such that the target material droplet in the rear section is in a liquid phase; and maintaining a temperature of the front section of the catcher lower than a temperature of the rear section of the catcher.

Abstract: A method for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography includes generating a target droplet, producing a target plume by heating the target droplet with a first laser pulse, directing first and second laser beams onto the target plume, and receiving the first and the second laser beams reflected by the target plume.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a target or mold having one or more support arms coupled to a substrate. The support arm can be used in handling or positioning a target. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides target molds, targets produced using such molds, and a method for producing the targets and molds. In various implementations, the targets are formed in a number of disclosed shapes, including a funnel cone, a funnel cone having an extended neck, those having Gaussian-profile, a cup, a target having embedded metal slugs, metal dotted foils, wedges, metal stacks, a Winston collector having a hemispherical apex, and a Winston collector having an apex aperture. In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a target mounting and alignment system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blackbody radiation source. The blackbody radiation source comprises a blackbody radiation cavity and a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The blackbody radiation cavity comprises an inner surface. A carbon nanotube array located on the inner surface of the blackbody radiation cavity. The carbon nanotube array comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and an extending direction of each carbon nanotube is substantially perpendicular to the inner surface. The carbon nanotube array comprises a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is in contact with the inner surface and the second surface is far away from the inner surface. The plurality of carbon nanotubes extend from the first surface to the second surface. A plurality of microstructures are formed on the second surface of the carbon nanotube array.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating extreme ultraviolet light used with a laser apparatus and connected to an external device so as to supply the extreme ultraviolet light thereto includes a chamber provided with at least one inlet through which a laser beam is introduced into the chamber; a target supply unit provided on the chamber configured to supply a target material to a predetermined region inside the chamber; a discharge pump connected to the chamber; at least one optical element provided inside the chamber; an etching gas introduction, unit provided on the chamber through which an etching gas passes; and at least one temperature control mechanism for controlling a temperature of the at least one optical element.

Abstract: The invention provides an element comprising: an electrical component, an optical medium comprising medium material comprising a silicone transmissive for one or more of UV radiation and visible radiation, wherein the electrical component is embedded in the optical medium, an electrical connector for functionally coupling the electrical component external to the optical medium, wherein the electrical connector is embedded in the optical medium over at least part of its length; and a water barrier at least partly embedded in the optical medium and configured to enclose at least part of the electrical connector.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus including: a tubular treatment tank whose end along a central axis is closed and sectional shape orthogonal to the central axis is a circular shape; a first electrode disposed on one end of the central axis of the treatment tank and having a bar shape; a second electrode disposed on the other end thereof; a power supply applying voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; a rotation mechanism rotating the first electrode about a central axis of the first electrode; and an air introduction portion introducing the liquid to the one end of the central axis of the treatment tank from a tangential direction of the circular sectional shape of the treatment tank, and causing liquid to swirl about the central axis of the treatment tank therein to generate a gas phase in a swirling flow of the liquid.

Abstract: Technologies for providing optical analysis systems using an integrated computational element with laterally-distributed spectral filters are described. A measurement tool contains an optical element including a substrate and a plurality of spectral filters supported by the substrate and arranged at different lateral positions with respect to a path of light to be received from a sample during operation of the measurement tool. Each spectral filter is formed to transmit or reflect a different subset of wavelengths in a wavelength range. Additionally, each spectral filter has a respective area exposed to the light from the sample, such that the respective areas are related to a property of the sample. The wavelength range can include wavelengths in a range from about 0.2 ?m to about 25 ?m. Additionally, the sample can include wellbore fluids and the property of the sample is a property of the well-bore fluids.

Abstract: A diffusive layer including a laminate of a plurality of transparent films is provided. At least one of the plurality of transparent films includes a plurality of diffusive elements with a concentration that is less than a percolation threshold. The plurality of diffusive elements are optical elements that diffuse light that is impinging on such element. The plurality of diffusive elements can be diffusively reflective, diffusively transmitting or combination of both. The plurality of diffusive elements can include fibers, grains, domains, and/or the like. The at least one film can also include a powder material for improving the diffusive emission of radiation and a plurality of particles that are fluorescent when exposed to radiation.

Abstract: A label comprising some figures that can be recognized by infrared vision devices. The main object is to put a figure surface on or near a reference surface and cooling one of these surfaces, in order to achieve “cool” surface and “warm” surface, enabling infrared vision devices to discriminate between the surfaces. The cooling of the surface is achieved by a “Latent heat” effect due to a evaporation of a liquid absorbed on said surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates more particularly to active optical fibers, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) sources using such active optical fibers, and imaging and detection systems and methods using such ASE sources. In one aspect, the disclosure provides an active optical fiber that includes a rare earth-doped gain core configured to emit radiation at at least a peak wavelength emitted wavelength when pumped with pump radiation having a pump wavelength; a pump core surrounding the gain core; and a cladding surrounding the pump core, wherein the value M=16R2(NA)2/?2 in which R is the gain core radius, NA is the active optical fiber numerical aperture, and ? is the peak emitted wavelength, is at least 50, or at least 100. The present disclosure also provides an optical source that includes the optical fiber coupled to a pump source.

Abstract: A method includes providing a target material that comprises a component that emits extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light when converted to plasma; directing a first beam of radiation toward the target material to deliver energy to the target material to modify a geometric distribution of the target material to form a modified target; directing a second beam of radiation toward the modified target, the second beam of radiation converting at least part of the modified target to plasma that emits EUV light; measuring one or more characteristics associated with one or more of the target material and the modified target relative to the first beam of radiation; and controlling an amount of radiant exposure delivered to the target material from the first beam of radiation based on the one or more measured characteristics to within a predetermined range of energies.

Abstract: To provide an accelerator that easily provides a space for placing equipment incorporated into an accelerator magnet, and that has a dense region with small turn separations of beams and a sparse region with large turn separations of the beams in different positions in the beam orbit direction. A pair of magnetic poles (8, 9) has a depression structure of a plurality of depression and projection structures, in a position intersecting with a vertical plane (3). A boundary surface (41, 44, 45, 48) between the depression structure (21, 23) placed in a position intersecting with the vertical plane (3) and a projection structure (31, 32, 33, 34) adjacent to the depression structure has unanimously either a projection shape or a depression shape with respect to the vertical plane (3).

Abstract: Disclosed are a deterministic quantum emitter operating at room temperature in an optical communication wavelength using the intersubband transition of a nitride-based semiconductor quantum dot, a method of fabricating the same, and an operating method thereof. A method of fabricating a quantum emitter includes forming a three-dimensional (3-D) structure in a substrate, forming an n type-doped thin film at the upper part of the 3-D structure, forming a quantum dot over the n type-doped thin film, regrowing the 3-D structure in order to use the 3-D structure as an optical structure, depositing a metal thin film at a vertex of the 3-D structure, and connecting electrodes to an n type-doped area and the metal thin film, respectively. A carrier may be captured in the quantum dot by applying a voltage to the connected electrodes. The quantum emitter may be driven by optically exciting the quantum dot.

Abstract: High-brightness short-wavelength radiation source contains a vacuum chamber with a rotating target assembly having an annular groove, an energy beam focused on the target, a useful short-wavelength radiation beam coming out of the interaction zone, wherein the target is a layer of molten metal formed by a centrifugal force on a surface of the annular groove facing a rotation axis. A replaceable membrane made of carbon nanotubes may be installed on a pathway of the short-wavelength radiation beam for debris mitigation. In the embodiments of the invention the energy beam is a pulsed laser beam. The pulsed laser beam may consist of pre-pulse and main-pulse, with parameters such as laser pulse repetition rate chosen in order to suppress debris. In other embodiments the energy beam is the electron beam produced by an electron gun and the rotating target assembly is a rotating anode.

Abstract: A nozzle-type electron beam irradiation device includes a vacuum chamber, an electron beam generator disposed in the vacuum chamber, and a vacuum nozzle that is connected to the vacuum chamber so as to guide an electron beam from the electron beam generator and emit the electron beam to the outside. The nozzle-type electron beam irradiation device includes a high-vacuum pump capable of sucking gas from the vicinity of the connecting part of the vacuum nozzle in the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A super-resolution microscope includes an illuminator and a detector. The illuminator irradiates illumination beams of different wavelengths through an objective lens onto a sample while causing at least a portion of the illumination beams to overlap spatially and temporally. The detector detects a signal beam generated by the sample as a result of irradiation of the sample with the illumination beams. The illumination beams include a first illumination beam that induces a first nonlinear optical process with respect to the sample and a second illumination beam that induces a second nonlinear optical process that suppresses the first nonlinear optical process. The nonlinear susceptibility of the second nonlinear optical process is greater than the nonlinear susceptibility of the first nonlinear optical process.

Abstract: A radiotherapy apparatus includes a rotatable drum on which is mounted a gantry arm carrying a radiation source. The arm extending from the drum to a location of the radiation source is offset from the axis of rotation of the drum and oriented towards the axis. The radiotherapy apparatus further includes a mechanism configured to apply a tilt to the arm at one or more rotational orientations of the drum. The rotatable drum is supported on wheels beneath the drum, and the mechanism is an eccentric mechanism within the wheels and is configured to apply the tilt to the arm via the wheels.

Abstract: Process for confinement of waste containing at least one chemical species to be confined, by in-can vitrification in a hot metal can into which waste and a vitrification additive are added, the waste and the vitrification additive are melted to obtain a glass melt which is then cooled, characterised in that at least one oxidising agent is also added into the metal can and in that the concentration of oxidising agent(s) expressed as oxide(s) in the glass melt is between 0.1 and 20% by mass, preferably 4 and 20% by mass, even more preferably 5 and 15% by mass, and even more preferably 10 and 13% by mass of the glass melt mass.

Abstract: An extreme UV light generation device may include: a chamber having a plasma generation region at an inside of the chamber, the chamber receiving a target substance externally supplied to the plasma generation region; an outlet port provided on the chamber; a magnetic field generating unit configured to generate a magnetic field to converge cations on the outlet port, the cations being generated from the target substance that has been turned into plasma in the plasma generation region; an electron emission unit configured to emit electrons neutralizing the cations; and an exhaust tube joined to the outlet port and through which a neutralized substance obtained by neutralizing the cations flows.

Abstract: A supply system for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source includes an apparatus configured to be fluidly coupled to a reservoir configured to contain target material that produces EUV light in a plasma state, the apparatus including two or more target formation units, each one of the target formation units including: a nozzle structure configured to receive the target material from the reservoir, the nozzle structure including an orifice configured to emit the target material to a plasma formation location. The supply system further includes a control system configured to select a particular one of the target formation units for emitting the target material to the plasma formation location. An apparatus for a supply system of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source includes a MEMS system fabricated in a semiconductor device fabrication technology, and the MEMS system including a nozzle structure configured to be fluidly coupled to a reservoir.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) generating device is provided. The EUV generating device includes a gas cell housing extending in a first direction, a light guide passage extending through the gas cell housing in the first direction, and a gas supply passage to supply a plasma reaction gas. The light guide passage includes an incident portion to receive incident light, a plasma reaction portion, extending from the incident portion in the first direction to generate EUV light due to a reaction between the incident light and the plasma reaction gas, and an emission portion, extending from the plasma reaction portion in the first direction, to emit the EUV light in the first direction. The gas supply passage may be connected to the plasma reaction portion at a side of the gas cell housing and may be inclined at an acute angle with respect to the first direction.

Abstract: A nail lamp for curing UV-curable nail gel uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit ultraviolet light and are relatively lower power. The nail lamp is powered from an exterior power source, such as a wall socket, or by a rechargeable battery pack. A battery compartment of the nail lamp holds the battery pack, which is removable without disassembling the nail lamp. The nail lamp is easily transportable to different locations and can be used even when a wall socket is unavailable. A curing time of the nail lamp is user-selectable. The nail lamp can also include detection sensors to detect a person's hand or foot in a treatment chamber and automatically turn on or off the LEDs.

Abstract: A flexible light therapy device, a bandage and a plaster for providing a therapeutic effect to a treatment target area (226) of a living being are provided. The flexible light therapy device comprises a light source (214) for emitting light (220), a light transmitting element (212) and a heat management means (210). The light transmitting element (212) is of a flexible light transmitting material and is optically coupled to the light source (214). The light transmitting element (212) comprises a light exit window (222) to emit the light (220) towards the treatment target area (226). The heat management means (210) is thermally coupled to the treatment target area (226) and distributes heat and controls the distribution of heat across the treatment target area (226). Part of the distributed heat may originate from the light source (214).

Abstract: An optical system for generating broadband light via light-sustained plasma formation includes a chamber, an illumination source, a set of focusing optics, and a set of collection optics. The chamber is configured to contain a buffer material in a first phase and a plasma-forming material in a second phase. The illumination source generates continuous-wave pump illumination. The set of focusing optics focuses the continuous-wave pump illumination through the buffer material to an interface between the buffer material and the plasma-forming material in order to generate a plasma by excitation of at least the plasma-forming material. The set of collection optics receives broadband radiation emanated from the plasma.

Abstract: A compact portable LED nail curing lamp has surface-mounted light emitting diode (SMD LED) lights. The lamp provides fast and consistent results producing high gloss finish and even curing of nail polish (e.g., UV-curable gel polish). The nail lamp has a micro USB port, which can be used to power the lamp using a wall adapter, car charger, laptop USB port, or mobile power bank for ultimate portability. In an implementation, a system includes a compact LED nail curing lamp and a mobile power battery pack. The system also includes a cable to connect the nail lamp and the mobile power battery pack. The battery pack provides portable power to the nail lamp so that the nail lamp can be used portably, such as during travel or on an airplane when a wall outlet is unavailable.

Abstract: A microscopy system that includes a first laser emitting a first laser pulse along a first beam line, the first laser pulse being converted into an annular Bessel pump beam; and a second laser emitting a second laser pulse along a second beam line, the second laser pulse being a probe beam, the annular Bessel pump beam and the probe beam being delivered to a sample at right angles to each other allowing the annular Bessel pump beam to shrink a focal axial diameter of the second beam line thereby enabling dipole-like backscatter stimulated emission along the second beam line.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a computer system having a plurality of quantum circuits arranged in a two-dimensional plane-like structure, the quantum circuits comprising qubits and busses (i.e., qubit-qubit interconnects), and a method of formation therefor. A quantum computer system comprises a plurality of quantum circuits arranged in a two-dimensional pattern. At least one interior quantum circuit, not along the perimeter of the two-dimensional plane of the plurality of quantum circuits, contains a bottom chip, a device layer, a top chip, and a routing layer. A signal wire connects the device layer to the routing layer, wherein the signal wire breaks the two dimensional plane, for example, the signal wire extends into a different plane.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pulse protecting method includes: searching a threat 2 that generates an electromagnetic pulse 2a; and generating plasma 6 in a light-condensed point 4 by condensing a laser beam 5 on a light-condensed point 4 in response to detection of the threat 2. Thus, various protection objects which contain a protection object having an electric opening indispensably can be protected from an attack by the electromagnetic pulse.